DAILY PLANNING NOTEShomes would be accepted. All the trash produced by businesses must be dumped somewhere else. The irritated business owners would have to pay for their trash to

© Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company BLACKLINE MASTER 1 Trash!

1Name:

DATE ____________________

DAILY PLANNING NOTES

DAILY LANGUAGE

WORD WORK

DAILY LESSON GUIDE ACTIVITIES

GUIDED READING GROUPS

READING WORKSHOP

WRITING WORKSHOP

101265_Pathways_Trash.qxd 3/20/08 11:02 AM Page 59


2Name:

Pathways Newsletter

Dear Family,When God finished creating the earth it was indescribably beautiful. God

saw “it was very good.” God designed humans to rule over all the earth.Unfortunately, we have not been very good stewards and our planet issuffering from misuse.

We are beginning a new theme book titled Trash! The book describes howtrash is disposed of, discusses the problems resulting from our overflowinglandfills, and suggests ideas for recycling. This unit provides an excellentopportunity for involving your family in some home investigation projects.

You might also want to become involved in conservation programs athome. For example, if you haven’t started a home recycling program, thismight be the time to begin since your child will be investigating recycling. Wewould love to hear what your family is doing to help our environment. Wehope you will be willing to participate and help your child become more awareof ways to be a better steward of the earth God created for us.

I am enclosing another home Reading Log. Home reading remains one ofour most important language arts goals. Thank you for taking time to supportyour child in this effort and for your continued support of our program.

Sincerely,



3

Reading Log

Name:

# of Date Book Title Time Pages

Totals

Date Parent’s Signature

Reading at home is an important language arts goal. Please set aside time each evening toread with your child.



4

Gar-BargeIn 1987 the state of New York said the Long Island garbage dumps in Islip Township were

full. “No more expansion!” state officials declared. The Islip dumps were becoming a serioushealth threat. They were producing poisonous gases, diseases were being spread by insects androdents living there, and the decaying garbage stank!

Islip officials came up with a temporary solution. They announced that only trash fromhomes would be accepted. All the trash produced by businesses must be dumped somewhereelse. The irritated business owners would have to pay for their trash to be hauled farther away.This, of course, would take more time and money.

Lowell Harrelson in Bay Minette, Alabama, heard about New York’s problem and came upwith a plan to get rid of the garbage and make himself some money. He convinced thecommissioners of Jones County, North Carolina, to let him dump trash on Radio Island. His planwas to let the garbage sit on the island long enough to produce methane gas. Methane gas formswhen organic matter decays without oxygen. He would then sell the methane to people whomake chemicals.

Mr. Harrelson hired people to tie New York’s trash into huge bales and stack them on abarge named Mobro. He then leased a tugboat called Break of Dawn to pull the barge south toRadio Island off the North Carolina shore.

The barge had 3,168 tons of garbage piled on it in neat bales when Captain Duffy St. Pierre andhis tugboat crew pulled out of New York Harbor and headed south. Everything went as planned untilthe tugboat pulled the barge into the port of Morehead City, South Carolina. The officials there hadchanged their minds. They didn’t want New York’s reeking garbage.

The Break of Dawn pulled the barge out of the harbor and headed on down the coast.Officials in Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Texas, Louisiana, and the Bahamas all rejected the trash.The countries of Mexico and Belize also refused it. Six thousand miles and 162 days later, the Breakof Dawn pulled the Gar-Barge, as the media had started to call it, back into the harbor it startedfrom with all 3,168 tons of trash still stacked on it. Captain Duffy St. Pierre and his crew had been atsea for over 50 days. They rushed off the boat, but police boats ordered the barge to leave.

The Gar-Barge was moved to Gravesend Bay, off Brooklyn. It stayed anchored there for threemore months. News of the Gar-Barge spread around the world and the barge became a favoriteNew York tourist attraction right up there with the Empire State building and the Statue of Liberty.The barge was featured on the Phil Donahue and Johnny Carson television shows. Donahuedeclared the bales “The most famous three thousand tons of garbage in the history of the universe.”

Finally a state superior court judge said the city could burn the garbage in a Brooklynincinerator. Sanitation workers pulled on protective suits and masks and began opening the balesfor inspection. Cardboard, paper, and plastic forks and spoons were easily recognizable, buteveryone was surprised when thousands of crickets started jumping out of the trash.

In the end, Mr. Harrelson and New York state spent over one million dollars.After burning the trash, the 400 pounds of ash had to be disposed of, so it was hauled off

to—the Islip landfill. Yes, the very same landfill that had originally turned it away!

Name:


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Trash Timeline



7

Does Trash Go Away?Scientific Experiment

Teach the following procedure as an experiment format. Students will then be able to writea hypothesis, observation, and conclusion to go with “Open Dump” and “Sanitary Landfill”simulations.

Using Scientific Procedure

Materials—This lists the items the scientist uses to conduct the experiment.• Two sets of 10 small paper cups• Two identical sets of 10 different items of trash to put in the cups (include food items as

well as paper and plastic)

Procedure—These are the steps, in order, the scientist follows to complete an experiment.

1. Put the pieces of trash in the cups. Add a little water.

2. Use half the cups for one set of trash and the other half for the second set of trash. Youwill have two matching sets of cups. Label each cup with what is in it and add the date.

3. Put one set of cups into a compost pile in the classroom. Make sure the cups areupright when you bury them.

4. Leave the other set in the open air.

5. Wait two weeks.

6. Dig up the set from the compost pile.

Hypothesis— This is a reasonable guess about what might happen during an experiment.It is a prediction.

Observation—The scientist carefully watches an experiment, keeps notes about the details,and tells what happens.

Conclusion— The scientist comes to an understanding and can write the facts observedabout results of the experiment.

Name:


© Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company BLACKLINE MASTER 8a Trash!

8a

Open Dump SimulationResearch Question 1: What happens to trash in open air?

HypothesisWhat do you think is going to happen to the trash in the open air?

ObservationAfter two weeks, observe the trash in each cup to see what has happened. Record yourobservations below.

Name:

Trash Items What has happened after two weeks?

Cup 1

Cup 2

Cup 3

Cup 4

Cup 5

Cup 6

Cup 7

Cup 8

Cup 9

Cup 10

ConclusionsDoes trash disappear in open air?


© Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company BLACKLINE MASTER 8b Trash!

8b

Sanitary Landfill SimulationResearch Question 2: What happens to trash when it is buried?

HypothesisWhat do you think is going to happen to the trash that is buried?

ObservationAfter two weeks, dig up the cups. Observe the trash in each cup to see what has happened.Record your observations below.

Name:

Trash Items What has happened after two weeks?

Cup 1

Cup 2

Cup 3

Cup 4

Cup 5

Cup 6

Cup 7

Cup 8

Cup 9

Cup 10

ConclusionsDoes trash disappear faster when it is buried?



9

Adverbs That Tell “How”

accidentally angrily blindly calmly enthusiastically

frantically gently gracefully happily hastily

joyously loudly nearly noisily repeatedly

sadly shakily silently sleepily slowly

smoothly swiftly tenderly violently weakly

Name:



10

“How” AdverbsAn adverb is a word that tells about a verb. Some adverbs tell how an action happens.They often end in -ly. The action verb is underlined. Circle the adverb that tells how in eachsentence.

1. The third grade class climbed happily out of the van at Henry’s Park.

2. They come regularly to pick up trash left in the park.

3. The city parks director quickly handed out a rubber glove to each student.

4. Ms. Hill’s class spread busily around the park.

5. Tyler and Spencer hastily grabbed a trash bag and ran to the creek bank.

6. Sara and Abbie enthusiastically headed down the walking path.

7. Andrew slowly held up a purse and yelled.

8. Megan, Melody, and Eden talked merrily as they worked.

9. Asher accidentally dropped his trash bag into the creek.

10. Kristin obediently stayed in sight of Ms. Hill.

11. Daniel’s and Ethan’s bag bulged awkwardly between them.

12. Emily unexpectedly found a killdeer’s nest in the rocks beside the path.

13. The mother bird limped pitifully to distract Emily.

14. “I won’t carelessly hurt your eggs,” Emily said.

15. Alex worked feverishly to fill his garbage bag.

16. “You’ve hardly found any trash, Ms. Hill,” commented Enoch.

17. “That’s because I walked slowly behind our class,” replied Ms. Hill.

18. The class searched tirelessly to find every piece of litter.

19. They worked well together.

Name:



11

Vocabulary Study

Name:

VocabularyWord

Dumpster 2 a steel containerfor storing trash

DefinitionNumber ofSyllables



12a

The Trash Tribune, Volume 2 (Editor: Natasha Knobloch)

Name:

In 2004, the averageAmerican created4.5 pounds (2kg)of trash each day!

A garbage truckweighs as much as

five elephants!

Seventy-five percentof all trash sent to

landfills can berecycled.

Each garbage truck canpick up garbage at 400to 500 homes per load.

In 2004, a family of four would throw away about80 to 150 pounds of trash each week.

The first trash collectors were organized in ancientRome. People were supposed to cart their owntrash to the open dumps but many kept throwing itinto the street. The collectors picked up any trashin the streets and swept the paved roads.

Individual Americans and American businessesthrow out more than 1 million pounds of waste per person per year. This includes:

3.5 billion pounds of carpet 28 billion pounds of food 300 billion pounds of chemicals used in industries 700 billion pounds of hazardous waste

In 1960, the average amount of trash produced byAmericans was 2.7 pounds (1.2 kg) per day.

Roll-OffBoxes:

Pick One

A. Used for storing and hauling rubbish.B. Are the size of semitrailers.C. Have wheels of their own.D. All of the above.

A. Special large containers for collecting large amounts of trashB. People who dump trash into trash cansC. ToiletsD. All of the above

Dear Environmental Expert,

I’m just a kid. All I do is take out ourfamily’s 150 pounds of trash eachweek. What can I do about all thetrash Americans make?

Sincerely,Amateur

Interview: Who takes out the trash at your house?

Dear Amateur,

Have you ever thought about recyclingand composting?

Before you toss six-pack rings into thetrash, cut all the circles with scissorsso animals and birds can’t get caughtin them.

When you go shopping, bring a clothbag with you. Keep a rag bag. Put oldor torn clothes in it to use for cleaningand messy projects. Instead of usingpaper towels, use cloth towels.

Go with a group to clean up a park orbeach.

Save paper. Use both sides of everysheet. Look for more information infuture issues of the Trash Tribune.

Sincerely,Environmental Expert

Dumpsters: Pick One

A. Is often called trashB. Is everything thrown awayC. Must be hardD. Both A and B

Solid Waste: Pick One

A. Are people who pack trash into trash cansB. Most garbage trucks have one to compact or compress garbageC. People who move trash to open dumpsD. All of the above

Packers: Pick One

A. Used by large stores to pack their trashB. Cut down on space needed for storing trashC. Discourage animals or people from picking through trash

Compactors: Pick One

The United States has6% of the world’s

population and creates50% of the world’s

trash.

The first garbagetrucks were pulled.

A fun, fact-filled update on what’s going on with trash in today’s world!



12b

Interview: Who takes out the trash at your house?

Name:

Who Takes Out the Trash?15

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

3rdGrader

Mom

Ho

w m

any

Dad Brother Sister Grandma Grandpa Uncle Aunt Cousin



13

Concept Map

Name:

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

DEEP

*PA

N

DEEP

*PA

N

DDSaether

PIZZAPIZZA



14

Categorizing Trash: Two-Column-Notes

Name:

Construction site shinglesnailsboardssheetrockglass



15

Action Verbs

argue drive lead run sweep

attack drop leave scream talk

carry eat jump search taste

celebrate enjoy listen shout teach

climb fall leap speak think

count fight open step touch

cry kick pray study walk

Name:



16Name:

AdverbsLook at the underlined adverbs. Decide if the they tell when or where. Write when orwhere for each adverb.

Adverbs that Tell . . . . . . WHEN

always early

first lately

later never

next now

often recently

regularly seldom

soon then

today tomorrow

Adverbs that Tell . . . . . . WHERE

above ahead

around away

below beside

down downstairs

everywhere far

here inside

nearby out

outside under

1. We have five trash cans around our classroom. _________2. Our classroom trash cans seldom overflow. _________3. We always take our trash to the Dumpster at the end of the school day. _________4. It isn’t very far. _________5. Next we put new liners in our trash cans. _________6. Tomorrow it will be Andrew’s turn to take out the trash. _________7. The garbage truck comes to the school often. _________8. The trash collector takes the trash away in her garbage truck. _________9. Trash collectors get paid to take the city’s trash to the sanitary landfill

regularly. _________10. The landfill is far away from the school. _________11. Recently the trash collectors went on strike. _________12. Lately our Dumpster has almost overflowed. _________13. We may have trash everywhere. _________14. The garbage truck needs to come soon. _________15. I’ve never seen our Dumpster so full. _________16. Now we can smell our trash when we go out for recess. _________17. Today someone must take the trash in the Dumpster to the landfill. _________18. The landfill is not nearby. _________19. Maybe we will be dismissed from school early this week because of all

our trash. _________20. We will have to make up the day later. _________



17Name:


Americansreceive about52 billionpieces ofadvertisingin theirmailboxesevery year.

The Mayansdumped theirtrash in opendumps on theoutskirts oftheir city!

In one day,Americans getrid of 20,000 cars and 4,000trucks andbuses.

The number oflandfills in theUSA decreasedfrom 8,000in 1988 to 2,300in 1999.

Fourteen billionpounds of trashgets dumped intothe ocean everyyear.

The highest pointin Ohio is“Mount Rumke,”which is actuallya mountain oftrash at the Rumke SanitaryLandfill.

A. Dumpster or garbage truck

B. Garbage cans/garbage truck

C. Recycling center

D. Sanitary landfill

E. Incinerator

F. We take care of our own trash

1. A site where trash is hauled and not covered up

2. A site where waste material has been buried

3. A colorless, odorless, flammable gas formed from decomposing garbage

4. The liquid produced in a landfill from rainfall and decomposing waste

(Pick one)

Where does yourtrash go when it

leaves your house?

Dear Environmental Expert,

Since newspapers are recyclable, they don’t takeup much space in landfills. Right?

Dear Landfill Observer,

Wrong! In 2004, 32.2% of our trash was paper. Recycling newspapers used to be a good money-maker for church and school groups. Newspaperhas to be deinked before it can be recycled. Thedeinking process produces toxic waste (which is expensive to get rid of). Nowadays, people usuallyhave to pay to get rid of their newspapers insteadof getting money for them; so most people just throwtheir newspapers out. If all Americans recycled justtheir Sunday paper, it would save an entire forest of500,000 trees each week.

Sincerely,Environmental Expert

CrosswordDown:

1. Modern landfills designed to keep leachate from leaking into the soil and ground water

2. Rot; break down into pieces; decay

3. Pockets of water beneath the surface of the earth and deep layers of rock

4. Trash that contains harmful chemicals

Across:

Waste management is thethird biggest expense of

the local government (afterpolice/fire/ and schools)!

Ancient Greeks had the first landfills! They piled their trash outside of town, but they coveredtheir piles every day with fresh soil.

People used to just throw their waste into the dirt roadways. When roads started to smell, anew layer of soil was spread over the old to eliminate the odors.

The ancient city of Troy rose 4.7 feet each century.




18

Opinion-Proof Worksheet

Name:

Opinion

I believe

Opinion

I believe

Opinion

I believe

Proof

My proof for this is:

Proof


1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

Proof




19

Concept Map

Name:

1. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

1. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

1. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________

1. _____________________________

2. _____________________________

3. _____________________________



20

Sanitary Landfill Simulation

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21

Open Dump Simulation

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pen

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t↓

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22a

Adjectives and AdverbsEunice wrote a nice report about a nice trash collector and his nice truck from theDepartment of Sanitation. Help readers visualize the garbage collector and his truck. EditEunice’s nice writing by carefully choosing adjectives to replace the word nice. Draw asmall orange circle around all the adverbs. These tables may help you.


afterwards always

early first

lately later

never next

now often

recently seldom

soon then

today tomorrow

Adverbs that Tell . . . . . . WHERE

above ahead

around away

below beside

down downstairs

everywhere far

here inside

nearby out

outside under

Name:

The Trash Collector’s Visit

A nice trash collector from the Department of Sanitation came around to talk to our nice

class today. He warmly greeted everyone, which was very nice of him. He even brought us

all a nice sticker that said “Recycle.” How nice of him! He usually drives a nice garbage

truck. He said the first garbage trucks were carts pulled by horses. He said his truck is totally

dual-op and cost about $170,000. His truck has ten nice tires. When the nice hopper looks

completely full, the nice crusher blade on his nice garbage truck slowly compacts the trash.

He says his nice truck can efficiently pick up garbage from 400 to 500 homes in one trip. His

nice truck weighs as much as five elephants. He hoses down his nice truck at the end of

every workday. He says it still stinks. I don’t think he has a very nice job. It was nice to listen

to him speak because we learned a lot about garbage trucks. What a nice time we had!



22b


afterwards always

early first

lately later

never next

now often

recently seldom

soon then

today tomorrow

Adverbs that Tell . . . WHERE . . .

above ahead

around away

below beside

down downstairs

everywhere far

here inside

nearby out

outside under

Name:

Adjectives and Adverbs—KeyEunice wrote a nice report about a nice trash collector and his nice truck from theDepartment of Sanitation. Help readers visualize the garbage collector and his truck. EditEunice’s nice writing by carefully choosing adjectives to replace the word nice. Draw asmall orange circle around all the adverbs. These tables may help you.

The Trash Collector’s Visit

A nice trash collector from the Department of Sanitation came around to talk to our nice

class today. He warmly greeted everyone, which was very nice of him. He even brought us

all a nice sticker that said “Recycle.” How nice of him! He usually drives a nice garbage

truck. He said the first garbage trucks were carts pulled by horses. He said his truck is totally

dual-op and cost about $170,000. His truck has ten nice tires. When the nice hopper looks

completely full, the nice crusher blade on his nice garbage truck slowly compacts the trash.

He says his nice truck can efficiently pick up garbage from 400 to 500 homes in one trip. His

nice truck weighs as much as five elephants. He hoses down his nice truck at the end of

every workday. He says it still stinks. I don’t think he has a very nice job. It was nice to listen

to him speak because we learned a lot about garbage trucks. What a nice time we had!



23

R-controlled Vowels with the Sound of -air

-air -ear -arestair wear areachair bear blareflair tear carehair pear carefullylair swear darefair farepair flare

glareharemareparerarescaresharesharedsnaresparesquarestaretareware

Name:



24aName:

REFFRISFRCTYLBEMIRRUCMELT

TETTESABEMAEEERFNASLIUSTL

CENPNGMAIEAYCUSASIEUHEAFY

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ash

foundry

mass burn

Garbageis a huge

problem becauseit consumesresources,pollutes ourplanet, and

doesn’t ever goaway.

semitrailers

burn

In 1999 there were 102incinerators in the

United States, which wereable to burn 96,000 tons

of waste per day.

Burning can reducethe amount of wastesent to a landfill by

75%.

Interview:How far does yourtrash travel once it

leaves yourneighborhood?

T or F?

Most landfills in1988 were designedto be used 20 years.

T or F?

Most landfills todayare designed to bein use less than 20years.

Burning can releasepoisonous material

into the air.

What can youdo to help?

Trash Word Search

• Bring litterless lunch to school. Reuse a fabric bag or reusable container for drinks, sandwiches, and snacks instead of plastic wrap or baggies.• Set up a reuse box in the classroom for used pencils, pens, folders, and other items that are still usable.• Hold a book or toy swap at your school.• Use wrapping paper more than once, or make your own! Decorate plain paper bags or turn old greeting cards into new ones.• Don’t litter! Organize a litter cleanup in your neighborhood to help recover items that can be recycled.

furnace

metal

temperature

chemicals

generate

pellets

electricity

haul

rid

transfer station

Landfillstake up an

enormous amountof land; they

are expensiveand it’s verydifficult to

set up newsites.

Trashreleases

poisonous gasesand toxins thatcontribute to

global warming.

Why Is Garbage Bad?





24bName:

Interview: How far does your trash travel once it leaves your neighborhood?

How Far Does Your Trash Travel?100

100

70

8075

85

9590

65605550454035302520151050

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Student 1 Student 2

Mile

s

Student 3 Student 4 Student 5 Student 6 Student 7 Student 8 Student 9 Student 10



25Name:

Uses of Machinery: Two-Column Notes

Front-end loader

Rear-end loader

Bulldozer

Packer

Garbage truck

Types: Used for:



26

HomophonesHomophones are words that sound the same as another word or words but have adifferent meaning and spelling. Write the homophone for each word below.

1. bare __________________________

2. do __________________________

3. ewe __________________________

4. eye __________________________

5. flour __________________________

6. know __________________________

7. our __________________________

8. whirred __________________________

9. rapper __________________________

10. foul __________________________

11. some __________________________

12. one __________________________

13. son __________________________

14. hymn __________________________

15. stock __________________________

16. bawl __________________________

17. paws __________________________

18. wood __________________________

19. blue __________________________

20. pane __________________________

21. where __________________________

22. daze __________________________

Name:



27a


Name:

More than 67% ofwaste products in

the US arecompostable.

Anything that wasonce a plant canbe composted.

Don’t throw away your food andyard waste when you can useit to help your garden! Start

composting instead. Compostis one of nature’s best mulches

and it’s free! When you usecompost it improves the soil’sstructure, texture, the amountof air it traps, and the amount

of water it holds. Adding compoststimulates healthy root growth in

plants. The organic matter incompost supplies food for

microorganisms, which keep thesoil healthy and balanced.Nitrogen, potassium, andphosphorus are produced

naturally by the microorganismsso chemical fertilizers don’t

need to be added.

Composting copies God’ssystem of breaking down

materials on the forestfloor. In forests

everywhere, plants die,fall to the ground, and

decay. The dead plants arefood for “decomposers”like worms, fungi, andtiny bacterial living in

the soil. By composting,you make more of this

precious fertilizer!

ContainsCarbon orNitrogen

Beverages, kitchenrinse water

Cardboard

Cornstalks,corn cobs

Dryer lint

Eggshells

Hair

Manure (horse, cow,pig, sheep, goat,chicken, rabbit)

Newspaper

Sawdust and woodshavings

Pine needles andcones

Bird droppings

Milk, cheese,yogurt

Weeds

Ashes from coal orcharcoal

Cat droppings orcat litter

Dog droppings

Meat, fat, grease,oils, bones

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Careful

Careful

No

No

No

No

No

Neutral

Carbon

Carbon

Carbon

Not Any

Nitrogen

Nitrogen

Carbon

Carbon

Carbon

Nitrogen

Neutral

Nitrogen

Not Any

Not Any

Not Any

Not Any

Good to moisten the middle fo the pile.Be careful not to over-moisten.

Shred into small pieces. Wetting it makesit easier to tear. If you have a lot, recycleinstead.

Best if shredded and mixed withnitrogen-rich materials.

Moistening helps.

Crushing shells helps. Breaks down slowly.

Scatter so it doesn’t clump.

Mix with carbon-rich materials so itbreaks down better.

Shred it so it breaks down more easily.It is easy to add too much newspaper,so recycle instead if you have a lot.

You’ll need a lot of nitrogen materialsto balance the high carbon content.Don’t use treated wood.

Don’t put too much in the pile.Acidic and decomposes slowly.

May contain weed seeds or disease.

Put it deep in the pile to avoidattracting animals.

Dry them out on the pavement beforeadding.

May include things harmful to plants.

May contain disease.

Avoid.

Can attract animals and may causebad odor.

Type ofMaterial Use it? Comment

StartComposting!




27bName:

Who Composts?15

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

Student Mom

Ho

w m

any

Dad Brother Sister Grandma Grandpa Uncle Aunt Cousin

How do I make a compost pile?

It’s easy! Follow these simple steps and in just a few hours,you’ll be in business. To build a simple compost bin, you’llneed:

• Small mesh wire fencing or snow fencing.• Seven or more rough boards or stakes, depending on the shape of bin you choose. Build a square, rectangular or circular structure — your choice. For a typical home garden, a bin 3 to 4 feet in height and 5 to 8 feet square will do. Locate it away from buildings and combustible materials.

To start your compost pile:

Spread a layer of plant wastes 6 to 8 inches deep in the bottom of your bin. Moisten the layer thoroughly.Make a second layer of high-nitrogen fertilizer, such as 10-10-10. This will be a very thin layer—use ONLY about 1/2 pound or 1 cup to each 30 to 35 square feet. Moisten thoroughly.Make a third layer with a few shovelsful of garden soil, about 1 to 2 inches deep. This will ensure that plenty of decay organisms are present in your compost pile. Again, moisten thoroughly.

How composting benefits you:

• Composting is an easy, practical way to recycle your organic yard and kitchen wastes.• Compost is an excellent soil conditioner for even the smallest yard and garden—it’s safe to use and it costs practically nothing to make.• Compost grows healthy plants and healthy plants improve the air by removing carbon dioxide and making fresh oxygen.• For serious gardeners, compost is an inexpensive alternative to peat and other soil improvers.

How composting benefits your community:

• Composting could remove more than 15 percent from the solid waste stream, if everyone participated.• Many communities now ban leaves from landfills forcing residents to find other alternatives. Some communities have started composting programs.• Composting eliminates air pollution caused by burning leaves and other yard wastes.• Composting recycles nutrients by returning them to the soil.



28

Using To, Too, and TwoTo, too, and two sound alike, but they have different meanings.

Name:

Homophone Meaning Examples

1. to In the direction of; destination;position of somebody orsomething; toward

We went to the sanitary landfill.

2. too More than enough; also There was too much trash.The fourth graders went, too.

3. two A number—2 There were two bulldozersworking.

To finish each sentence write to, too, or two.

1. We are planning __________ recycle our food scraps from lunch.

2. We are going __________ build a worm factory today __________ make compost.

3. Mr. Burton is coming at __________ o’clock __________ help us with our project.

4. He drilled __________ lines of holes around the bottom of our old garbage can.

5. The next thing __________ do will be __________ add 7 inches of gravel.

6. We are putting in 3 inches of sand, __________.

7. Next we are going __________ put in wooden slats __________ keep the compostfrom mixing with the sand.

8. We are going __________ buy some earthworms from a bait shop.

9. We will feed the worms fruit and vegetable peelings and crushed eggshells, __________.

10. The book says not __________ add meat or fruit __________ the garbage can.

11. We are supposed __________ leave the lid on the garbage can __________ keep itwarm and damp.

12. The compost will be ready __________ put in the flowerbeds in __________ orthree months.

13. Mrs. Hill said we will have __________ pick out the worms and return them__________ their worm factory so they can get back __________ work.



29Name:

Two-Column Note Assessment

Question Answer

1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.

4. 4.

5. 5.



30Name:

Opinion-Proof Assessment

People should be punished for not recycling.

Write your opinion of the following statement. Supportyour opinion with proof from the text.



31

City Council Problems

Name:

Problem 1

Problem 2

Problem 3

Problem 4

Problem 5

A new dump site is necessary. What kind of dump will be made?Where should it be located? When it is full, what will the landbecome?

Directions: Copy this page. Cut apart problem strips. Give a problem to each “council.îDirect students to follow cooperative learning group procedures.

No one in your city recycles. How can you encourage recycling?What can you do to make it easier to recycle?

Your town has been selected as an experimental site for a recyclingplant. What do you want to recycle? How will you bring in business?Think of location, jobs for your community, and other factors.

There is a large lake near your community. It is being littered and“trashed out.” Wildlife is suffering. How can you stop this? Whattype of advertisement could you make for your campaign?

You need to help the schools in the community cut back on wastethey send to the landfill. What suggestions do you have?



32

Cooperative Team Responses to City Council Problems

Name:

Cooperative Team

Recorder

Checker

Communicator

Council issue or problem

Suggestions for solving the problem



33Name:

ABC Book



34Name:

Using HomophonesHere this is what we have to say.

There has to be a better way.Recycle and reuse today.

Directions: Write there, their, or they’re to complete each sentence.

“____________ raising money for recycling bins,” she replied. “I’ve seen____________ posters all over town. The bins will be right over ____________ in ourparking lot.”

“____________ really working hard,” smiled Maddie.“____________ helping our city! It’s an important contribution. I wonder if

____________ might be something we can do to help them.” Mrs. T. observed.“See ____________ poster on the door?” Maddie pointed and grinned. “It says,

‘Your world is my world! My world is your world! REDUCE! REUSE! RECYCLE!’ Reducing theamount of trash is everyone’s job!”

Directions: Write here or hear to complete each sentence.

“Did you ____________ about our new class project?” asked Eden. “We are goingto start recycling right ____________ at the school. ____________ is what we aregoing to do. First we’ll raise money to buy four recycling bins to put ____________ inour parking lot.”

“Right ____________?” interrupted Maddie.“Yes, because a lot of people come ____________ every day,” answered Eden. “The

bins will remind everyone to recycle and make it easy for them to do. We’re putting ads onthe radio so everyone will ____________ about our fundraiser.”

“Mrs. T., did you ____________ what the third graders are doing?” asked Maddie.

Homophone Meaning Example

there At or in that place There is a lot of trash in that open dump.

their Belonging to them Their trash should be recycled.

they’re They are They’re not being responsible about their trash.

here This place or time where you are We need to do something about trash here and now.

hear Able to identify sound Did you hear about our new recycling program?



35Name:

AntonymsDirections: Replace each underlined word with an antonym from the word bank.

The rain stopped rising. The water in the Ganges and Brahmaputra River basinscontinued to fall.

“Zafor! We must stay,” Mother called from the front of their small house. “We have toget to lower ground.”

Zafor lowered the bag of rice to his head. He picked up his big sister Anjali andclimbed off the homemade raft his father was holding. Zafor stood silently beside thefamily goat.

“Bangladesh hasn’t had a flood this good for 100 years!” Father exclaimed.Floods happen every year in Bangladesh. It’s a delta nation of 125 million people and

230 rivers that run up from the Himalayan Mountains into the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh isone of the least flood-prone countries of the world. In the big flood of 1998, almost two-thirds of Bangladesh was underwater. Drainage of flood water in the city of Dhaka wasfast. Millions of plastic bags opened the drains. In 2004, another little flood happened.Some people say floods are happening less often because of global warming. Floods theythought might happen every 20 years are happening every six.

Zafor was happy. He could not work inside away from the rain anymore. He could notstay wet. His family didn’t have any dirty water to drink and there was no way to cook theirrice. He hoped no one got sick from the dirty water in their house and around their raft.Zafor hoped the rain would start soon.

Word Bank

bad higher play blocked godown little dry sad kept onsat most on huge slowclean stop more rise fallinglifted back



36Name:

The Trash Tribune, Volume 6/7 (Editor: Natasha Knobloch)

What IsRecycling?

Recycling means takingmaterials from productsyou have finished usingand making brand newproducts with them. For

example, most of thealuminum cans in the

United States are madewith recycled aluminum.So if you drink juice or

soda from a can, recyclethat can instead of throwing

it in the trash.That can will stay in the

recycling loop and out of thelandfill.

Why Should IRecycle?

Making new things fromrecycled ones takes lessmoney, less energy, and

less of the Earth’sresources. Because less

energy is used,factories don’t release

as much pollutioneither.

The bestenvironmental news isJesus is coming again!He promises to remake

our planet into a fabulousNew Earth! In Revelation21:5 He says, “ . . . Look!I am making everything

new!”

Curbside recycling programs and drop-off recyclingcenters have prevented 28% of solid waste frombeing sent to U.S. landfills.

Recycling one ton of glass saves the equivalent in energy of10 gallons of oil. Five billion glass containers are collected forrecycling each year.

Word Banksealer

weed moth oven cleaners fluorescent batterypoisons oil nail polish stains tar paint

When 1 ton of paper is recycled, 17 trees are saved.

What Can IRecycle?

Aluminum and steel cans,cardboard, glass,

newspapers, and plasticbottles are all

recyclable. These itemscan be made into new

products including cansthat hold food and

drinks, the steel used to buildskyscrapers and schoolbuses, cardboard boxes,

glass jars and bottles,newspaper and officepaper, plastic laundrydetergent bottles, and

even playground equipment.

1.1

1

2 4

2

3

3

5

5

4

6

6

is for your fingernails, not the garbagecan.

2. Insects avoid balls.3. Use killers on your yard sparingly.4. Your car can be recycled.5. Most used to clean stoves

contain hazardous chemicals.6. You can make wood look good with ,

but keep them out of the trash.

1.

2. You should recycle when they burn out.

3. Buy only the amount of oil-based

4. The law requires that filters be recycled.5. Driveway contains hazardous chemicals.6. Roofing should be used up properly.

having waste.you need to avoid

kill pests, but theycan also harmpeople, pets, andwildlife.

can

Across

Down




37

SynonymsThe girls looked for the recycling center.They searched all over town.

In the two sentences above, the words looked and searched have almost the samemeaning. They are synonyms.

Edit the sentences below. Replace each underlined word with a synonym from the box.

Name:

attract detach is derived toughercorrode endlessly piece valuedcreated enormous reused washedcrush heads rips wipes out

1. We rinsed out the sticky aluminum cans.

2. In 2002, more than half the aluminum cans were recycled in the United States.

3. Aluminum cans for recycling are worth about five times more than glass or plasticbottles.

4. Brazil leads the world in aluminum can recycling.

5. Aluminum comes from bauxite ore.

6. Bauxite mining tears the land apart and destroys wild places.

7. It takes large quantities of electricity to separate the pure aluminum from the ore.

8. Large amounts of contaminated mud and carbon dioxide are produced.

9. Aluminum can be recycled forever.

10. Magnets can pick up iron and steel but not aluminum.

11. Aluminum is lighter and stronger than steel.

12. Aluminum does not rust.

13. Foil is a thin sheet of aluminum.

14. Many huge jet airplanes are made of lightweight aluminum.

15. Squash the aluminum cans so they take up less space.



38


Name:

Earth Day was startedin 1970 by a man

named Gaylord Nelsonfrom the United States.On the first Earth Day,

twenty million Americanspoured into the streetsto show their concernfor the environment.

Earth Day is celebratedApril 22, worldwide.

It is a very special dayspecifically designed

for all of us to think aboutearth issues. It is not

only a special day in thetown where we live, but

a day that the wholeworld participates in!

Often there arecelebrations, events or

campaigns that concernus with earth matters.

What IsEarth Day?

1. Rainforests cover only a small part of the Earth but they are home to more than half the world’s plants and animals. It is estimated that rainforests are being cut down at the rate of 100 trees per minute. At this rate, how many are cut down every 24 hours?

2. The average American uses 7 trees a year in paper, wood, and other products. If there are about 275 million Americans, how many trees are used in a year?

Do you know?(answers at bottom of page)

3. Each American throws away about 60 pounds of plastic packaging each year. At this rate, about how many years would it take one person to have thrown away a ton of plastic?

If just 25% of U. S. families used 10 fewer plastic bags a month, we would save over 2.5billion bags a year.

4. A bath uses 50 gallons of water. How much water could a person save in a week taking a shower instead of a bath?

5. A gallon of thrown away paint can seep into the Earth and pollute 250,000 gallons of drinking water. A spilled gallon of gasoline can pollute 750,000 gallons of water. What kind of damage would be done by 3 gallons of paint and 2 gallons of gasoline?

1. 144,000 trees cut down every day.2. 1,925,000,000 trees in a year.3. 33 years.4. 1,825 gallons a week.5. It would pollute 2,250,000 gallons of drinking water.

Answers:

Educate others aboutthe issues surrounding

garbage.

Begin your own classrecycling center.

Bring a litterless lunchto school.

Don’t litter.

Save paper.

Conserve water, takeshorter showers and

turn off the waterwhen you’re not

brushing your teeth.

What CanYou Do to

Help?

Celebrate Earth Day onApril 22nd!


WHABITATJLN

AJWLSENERGY

TSOILRIVICP

EARTHOMRAYS

RDLTSNAECOT

OJDECULSAXN

JECRUOSERYA

VELCYCEREGL

QREUSELPOEP

SFAHOMEKHNM

SVNKYCLE

UFN

AIRANIMALSCARECLEANEARTHENERGYFUELHABITATHOMELITTEROCEANSOXYGENPEOPLEPLANTSPRESERVERECYCLERESOURCEREUSESOILWATERWORLD

©1998 The Kid’s Domainhttp://www.kidsdomain.com

free for non-profit use



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(EPA

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197

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Environmental Protection Agency Timeline



40Name:

Alphabet PoetrySelect a topic relating to Trash! for an alphabet poem. The topic will become your poem’stitle.

Topic _______________________

Think of words that relate to your topic. Be sure you have something for each letter of thealphabet.

A __________________________________________________

B __________________________________________________

C __________________________________________________

D __________________________________________________

E __________________________________________________

F __________________________________________________

G __________________________________________________

H __________________________________________________

I __________________________________________________

J __________________________________________________

K __________________________________________________

L __________________________________________________

M __________________________________________________

N __________________________________________________

O __________________________________________________

P __________________________________________________

Q __________________________________________________

R __________________________________________________

S __________________________________________________

T __________________________________________________

U __________________________________________________

V __________________________________________________

W __________________________________________________

X __________________________________________________

Y __________________________________________________

Z __________________________________________________



41Name:

Group Assessment Checklist

Target 2 Target 2 Target 3 Main Ideas:Concept Maps, Charts

Opinion-ProofParagraphs

AlphabeticalOrderName

Key TG = Teacher-guided I = IndependentS = Support required NV = Not evaluated

Target 4 Antonyms andSynonyms



42Name:

Individual Assessment Checklist

Target 2

Target 2

Target 4

Other Skills

Analyzes main ideas using concept maps and charts

Develops opinion-proof paragraphs with main ideas and details

Reads, spells, and writes antonyms and synonyms

Target 3

Alphabetizes words

Key TG = Teacher-guided I = IndependentS = Support required NV = Not evaluated



43

Common Editing Marks

Name:

Symbol Meaning Example

Make a capital letter. birds eat seeds.

Add a letter, word, sentence, etc. It lives in tree.a

Make a space. The bird fliessouth.

Check spelling. The anemal ran.

Delete or remove. She walked the dogg.

Close the gap. I caught the fi sh.

Add a period. She walked home

Reverse the order. The animal plants eats.

Add a comma. The dog, cat and bird were pets.

Add an apostrophe. The deers antlers are huge.

Make the letter lowercase. A Snowshoe hare is white.

Delete some space. That boy is tall.

Make a paragraph break here. Begin new paragraph here.



44

Daily Oral Language—Week 1

1. the bible tells us god created earth, everything in it, and then rested on theseventh day

2. genesis 1 31 says god looked at everything he had made, and it was very good

3. god made man and then said let them rule over the tame animals over all theearth and over all the small crawling animals on the earth

4. mr honderich said man is not ruling over all the earth very well

5. early in history, trash and waste water was thrown into the streets

6. in 18th century edinburgh, garyloo! was shouted from an upper story windowbefore a chamber pot was emptied into the street

7. in 2004, about 4.8 pounds of trash was thrown away each day for every person inthe united states

8. in 1960, the average amount of trash produced each day by a person living in theunited states was only 2.7 pounds

9. in 2004, an average family of four threw 80–150 pounds of trash out each weeksaid jake

10. an average families will throw away 10 to 15 pounds of food and 10 pounds ofpaper per week

Name:



45Name:


1. the number of landfills in the united states has decreased since 1988 newerlandfills are a lot bigger said mr stock

2. mrs williams said seventy percent of the trash in landfills could be recycled

3. in 2004 the united states had six percent of the worlds population but created 50percent of the trash

4. hazardous materials include bleach paint car batteries and gasoline

5. animals insects water contamination and fires are always a problem in opendumps

6. trash breaks down slowly in landfills because it isnt exposed to much oxygen ormoisture

7. does methane gas form when trash begins to decompose asked eden

8. one 40-year-old landfill was excavated, and yous could still read the newspapersfound there

9. the environmental protection agency estimates 3/4 of the landfills are pollutingthe groundwater explained mr karkula

10. if leachate from landfills enters the groundwater, it may make the water taste badsmell bad or cause people to get sick



46Name:


1. is methane a colorless odorless flammable gas

2. the highest point in ohio is mount rumpke it is a mountain of trash at the rumpkesanitary landfill

3. most states will fill their landfills up in the next ten years predicted mr smith

4. in 1999 there were 102 incinerators in the united states they burned 96 milliontons of waste per day

5. you could compost 67 percent of waste produced in the united states

6. can anything that was once a plant be composted asked kristin

7. mr olmedo explained composting is another form of recycling

8. ethan asher and alex read that composting is natures way of recycling

9. curbside and drop-off recycling prevents 28 percent of solid waste from beingsent to landfills in the united states

10. paper was made from recycled fibers in a mill close to philadelphia pennsylvania,in 1690


47Name:



1. people in the united states should recycle their sunday papers it would save aforest of 500,000 trees every week

2. wow when one ton of paper is recycled, seventeen trees are saved

3. can glass bottles really last one million years if their not recycled asked spencer

4. mr snow said the first aluminum recycling plant opened in chicago illinois, in 1904

5. mrs fisher said things god made are biodegradable they can be broken downreleased back into the environment and used again

6. nutrients and resources on earth will be completely used up if we dont recycle

7. reduce reuse and recycle are the three R’s of leaving our earth ready for the nextgeneration to use

8. dear environmental expert earth day is on april 22 every year will it save our earth sincerely worried 3rd grader

9. dear worried 3rd grader jesus second coming is the only lasting trash solution sincerely environmental expert

10. in revelation 21 5 jesus says look, i am making everything new



48aName:

Session 1 HandwritingRemember: Legibility comes from practicing letter size, shape, spacing, and slanting.Practice letters that touch the top line.



48bName:

Session 1 Handwriting (cont.)Practice undercurve and downcurve uppercase letters.



49aName:

Session 2 HandwritingPractice short letters that touch the midline.



49b

Session 2 Handwriting (cont.)Practice short and tall letters.

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50

Session 3 HandwritingPractice descender letters.

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51aName:

Session 4 HandwritingPractice slanting letters forward.



51bName:

Session 4 Handwriting (cont.)Trace and write this verse from portions of Psalm 8:5, 6.



52a

Session 5 Handwriting Practice spacing between letters and words. There should be enough space for a \ betweenletters and an O between words.

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52b

Session 5 Handwriting (cont.)Practice spacing between letters and words. There should be enough space for a \ betweenletters and an O between words.

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53Name:

Session 6 HandwritingPractice letters using the four basic strokes: undercurve, downcurve, slant, and overcurve.



54aName:

Session 7 HandwritingPractice letters using the four basic strokes.



54b

Session 7 Handwriting (cont.)Trace and write the verse from Genesis 1:10.

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55a

Session 8 HandwritingPractice letters using the four basic strokes.

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55bName:

Session 8 Handwriting (cont.)Trace and write the sentences.


Documents

DAILY PLANNING NOTEShomes would be accepted. All the trash produced by businesses must be dumped somewhere else. The irritated business owners would have to pay for their trash to