SOUTHERN REGIONAL LOAD DESPATCH CENTER

POWERGRID, BANGALORE

Data Acquisition &

CommunicationAbhimanyu Gartia

Chief Manager,SCADA-IT

SRLDC

Instrumentation For SCADAInstrumentation For SCADA

TransducersTransducers

RTURTU

Current TransformerCurrent Transformer

Capacitor Voltage TransformerCapacitor Voltage Transformer

TRANSDUCERTRANSDUCER

Device converts one form of energy to another form.Device converts one form of energy to another form.

Energy form viz. electrical, mechanical, chemical etc.Energy form viz. electrical, mechanical, chemical etc.

Transforms High level to Low levelTransforms High level to Low level

Input Input –– Hundreds of voltHundreds of volt

Output Output –– Few Few milliamperesmilliamperes

Measures field parameters like voltage, frequency, Measures field parameters like voltage, frequency, current, 3 phase bi directional active & reactive power current, 3 phase bi directional active & reactive power and transformer tap positionand transformer tap position

Accuracy : +/Accuracy : +/-- 0.2% class for frequency transducers and 0.2% class for frequency transducers and +/+/-- 0.5% class for other transducers0.5% class for other transducers

TRANSDUCERTRANSDUCER TYPICAL RATINGTYPICAL RATING

TransducerTransducer Input Input OutputOutput

Voltage 0Voltage 0--110 V 0110 V 0--10 10 mAmA

Current 0Current 0--1 Amp 01 Amp 0--10 10 mAmA

00--5 Amp5 Amp

Frequency 4Frequency 4--20 20 mAmA

MW 4MW 4--1212--20mA20mA

MVAR 4MVAR 4--1212--20mA20mA

RRemote emote TTerminal erminal UUnitnit

The RTU performs the data acquisition and supervisory The RTU performs the data acquisition and supervisory control over the substation for the SCADA system.control over the substation for the SCADA system.

As a minimum, the RTU collects, processes and As a minimum, the RTU collects, processes and transmits the data from the substation to the controltransmits the data from the substation to the control--centers.centers.

The following data are generally acquired from the subThe following data are generally acquired from the sub--station:station:--

AnalogAnalog-- Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Power, Reactive Power, Voltage, Frequency, Current.Current.

DigitaDigitall-- Circuit Breaker Status, Isolator Circuit Breaker Status, Isolator Status,SOEsStatus,SOEs

The RTU also receives and processes digital and analog The RTU also receives and processes digital and analog commands. commands.

RTU: MAIN FUNCTIONSRTU: MAIN FUNCTIONS

SCADASCADA

Local ControlLocal Control

Data LoggingData Logging

Process ControlProcess Control

HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR SCADA AT HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR SCADA AT

SUBSTATION / GEN.STATIONSUBSTATION / GEN.STATION

MAINCPU

BOARDPSU

COMMNBOARD

ANALOG

I / P

DIGTAL

I / P

CONTROLO/P

TERMINALBLOCK

TERMINALBLOCK

TERMINALBLOCK

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT

TRANSDUCER O/P TERMINAL

MVAR VOLTMW

TRANSDUCER I/P TERMINAL P TSEC

110VAC

CT SEC1 AMPS

FROM

SWITCHYARD-FIELD

EVENT LOGGERPANEL

DRIVER

RELAY

TRANSDUCER PANEL

RS232 PORT

SCADA HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY WITH COMMUNICATION SCADA HARDWARE CONNECTIVITY WITH COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM(PLCC) AT SUBSYSTEM(PLCC) AT SUB--STN/GEN STSTN/GEN ST

RTU

NSK5

modem

PLCC T x / R xSPEECH / DATA

PANEL

RS 232 CONNECTIVITY

PLCCINDOOR EQUIMENT

TRANSDUCERSTRANSDUCERS

CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION SELF POWERED/AUXILARY POWEREDSELF POWERED/AUXILARY POWERED

INPUTINPUT VOLTAGE/CURRENT/POWER/POSITIONVOLTAGE/CURRENT/POWER/POSITION

OUTPUTOUTPUT 00--10mA, 410mA, 4--20mA, 020mA, 0--5mA 05mA 0--5v,05v,0--10v10v

OUTPUT IMPEDANCEOUTPUT IMPEDANCE 500500ΩΩ,1000,1000ΩΩ,2000,2000ΩΩ

ACCURACYACCURACY 0.2 CLASS, 0.5 CLASS, CLASS 2 AND ABOVE0.2 CLASS, 0.5 CLASS, CLASS 2 AND ABOVE

A/D CONVERSION AT RTU LEVELA/D CONVERSION AT RTU LEVEL(16 BIT ADC).(16 BIT ADC).

FOR MW / MVAR TRANSDUCER:INPUT: PT SEC PHASE TO PHASE : 110VAC

CT SEC TWO PHASE CURRENT (R & B): 1 AMPS.

OUTPUT : 4 – 20mA(TRANSDUCER OUTPUT)

IN ADC:

AT 4mA = 6553 CountAT 20mA = 32767 Count12mA IS THE CENTRE POINT.(+/- 0.1% IS THE ACCEPTABLE RANGE OF ERROR ON FULL SCALE)( Ref Calculation Sheet for all type of Measurand)

TRANSDUCERSTRANSDUCERS Measures field parameters like voltage, Measures field parameters like voltage, frequency, current, 3 phase bi directional active frequency, current, 3 phase bi directional active & reactive power and transformer tap position.& reactive power and transformer tap position.

RatingRating

VolVol: 110/115 volts phase to phase: 110/115 volts phase to phase

Current : 1 ACurrent : 1 A

Frequency: 45Frequency: 45--55 Hz55 Hz

Output : 4 Output : 4 –– 20 ma / 500 ohms20 ma / 500 ohms

External power supplyExternal power supply

IEC 688IEC 688

Accuracy : +/Accuracy : +/-- 0.2% class for frequency 0.2% class for frequency transducers and +/transducers and +/-- 0.5% class for other 0.5% class for other transducerstransducers

SALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTUSALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTU A small rugged computerA small rugged computer

CPU, volatile & nonCPU, volatile & non--volatile memory, power supply volatile memory, power supply module, I/O modulemodule, I/O module

Communication ports & maintenance portsCommunication ports & maintenance ports

Allows the central SCADA master to communicate with Allows the central SCADA master to communicate with the field devicesthe field devices

Acquires the data from the field devices/equipment and Acquires the data from the field devices/equipment and transfers the data to the SCADA systemtransfers the data to the SCADA system

Distributed Processing Technology Distributed Processing Technology

Main processor is 32Main processor is 32--Bit 16Mhz and sub modules are 8Bit 16Mhz and sub modules are 8--bit.bit.

Real time clockReal time clock

Access via PCAccess via PC--Based Configuration.Based Configuration.

Password Protected.Password Protected.

Database configured via a PC and can be downloadedDatabase configured via a PC and can be downloaded

SALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTUSALIENT FEATURES OF ULDC RTU

Switch mode converter power supply module which Switch mode converter power supply module which provides power for mother board, VME cards, I/O modules provides power for mother board, VME cards, I/O modules and peripherals. Input voltage and peripherals. Input voltage –– 241 V AC, 50 Hz. 241 V AC, 50 Hz. OutpitOutpitvoltage +/voltage +/--5V DC, +/5V DC, +/-- 12 V DC, +/12 V DC, +/-- 24 V DC24 V DC

32 Analog inputs per module ,15 bit resolution .32 Analog inputs per module ,15 bit resolution .

Conversion rate 660 ns for all 32 inputs.Conversion rate 660 ns for all 32 inputs.

64 status inputs per status module,1ms scan time for 64 64 status inputs per status module,1ms scan time for 64 inputs,1ms SOE resolution. A simple status input/SOE inputs,1ms SOE resolution. A simple status input/SOE input/accumulator input can be connected. LED indicators input/accumulator input can be connected. LED indicators for each input. Contact wetting voltage supplied by power for each input. Contact wetting voltage supplied by power supply module.supply module.

32 control output per control module. Two master relays 32 control output per control module. Two master relays for each output. One for close and one for trip.for each output. One for close and one for trip.

Through the maintenance port, we can download the Through the maintenance port, we can download the database, view data and Communications specific to each database, view data and Communications specific to each peripheral board and trouble shoot . peripheral board and trouble shoot .

Advanced diagnostic capabilitiesAdvanced diagnostic capabilities

Time Time synchronisationsynchronisation of RTU done at every 1 minute.of RTU done at every 1 minute.

Scan CyclesScan Cycles

All the analog data are scanned every 10/12 All the analog data are scanned every 10/12

secondsseconds

Status information are reported by exceptionStatus information are reported by exception

All status information are scanned for integrity All status information are scanned for integrity

check every 10 minutescheck every 10 minutes

The SOE The SOE datasdatas are time stamped at 1 ms are time stamped at 1 ms

resolution resolution

Time Time synchronisationsynchronisation is done every 10 is done every 10

minutesminutes

Current TransformerCurrent Transformer

A A current transformercurrent transformer is a measurement is a measurement device designed to provide a current in its device designed to provide a current in its secondary coil proportional to the current secondary coil proportional to the current flowing in its primary .flowing in its primary .

The current transformer isolates The current transformer isolates measurement and control circuitry from the measurement and control circuitry from the high voltages typically present on the circuit high voltages typically present on the circuit being measured .being measured .

Common secondary are 1 or 5Common secondary are 1 or 5 amperes. For amperes. For example, a 4000:5 CT would provide an example, a 4000:5 CT would provide an output current of 5output current of 5 amperes when the amperes when the primary was passing 4000 amperes .primary was passing 4000 amperes .

Capacitor Voltage TransformerCapacitor Voltage Transformer

Capacitor Voltage transformers (Capacitor Voltage transformers (CVTsCVTs) are ) are

used for metering and protection in highused for metering and protection in high--

voltage circuits. They are designed to voltage circuits. They are designed to

present negligible load to the supply being present negligible load to the supply being

measured and to have a precise voltage measured and to have a precise voltage

ratio to accurately step down high ratio to accurately step down high

voltages so that metering and protective voltages so that metering and protective

relay equipment can be operated at a relay equipment can be operated at a

lower potential. lower potential.

Basic Function Of the CVTBasic Function Of the CVT

Where CHF is the equivalent rated Where CHF is the equivalent rated capacitance for carrier capacitance for carrier communicationcommunication

* C1 : High Voltage capacitor* C1 : High Voltage capacitor

* C2 : Intermediate Voltage * C2 : Intermediate Voltage

CapacitorCapacitor

* C1 / C2 ratio is such that the * C1 / C2 ratio is such that the required intermediate voltage can required intermediate voltage can be achievedbe achieved

L : Inductance of the choke which L : Inductance of the choke which is designed to is designed to

* Prevent carrier signals from * Prevent carrier signals from flowing into the transformer circuit.flowing into the transformer circuit.

* Resonate with the capacitor * Resonate with the capacitor unit at 50 Hz which is the rated unit at 50 Hz which is the rated frequency.frequency.

D : Damping burden which is D : Damping burden which is provided across one of the provided across one of the secondary windings to prevent secondary windings to prevent terroresonanceterroresonance oscillations.oscillations.

TrTr : Transformer designed to : Transformer designed to provide the required output voltage provide the required output voltage at the desired burdenat the desired burden

Metering

Protection

D

1a

1n

2a

2n

HV

C1

C2

TrL

CHF

COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR

SCADA

COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION

REQUIREMENTS FOR SCADAREQUIREMENTS FOR SCADA

Communication media should have:Communication media should have:

* High Reliability* High Reliability

* High Availability* High Availability

* Rapid Response* Rapid Response

* Transparency* Transparency

* Economy* Economy

* Flexibility* Flexibility

* Maintainability* Maintainability

Modes of CommunicationModes of Communication

PLCCPLCC

Leased Telephone circuitsLeased Telephone circuits

Microwave CommunicationMicrowave Communication

FibreFibre Optics CommunicationOptics Communication

Satellite CommunicationSatellite Communication

PLCCPLCC High voltage lines themselves are used as communication High voltage lines themselves are used as communication

links.links.

Carrier Frequency: 50Carrier Frequency: 50--300 KHz.300 KHz.

3 channels are used generally:3 channels are used generally:

MainMain--Channel Channel -->>

speech channel speech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz

TelemetringTelemetring-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz

ProtectionProtection--ChannelChannel--I I -->>

speech channel speech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz

TeleprotectionTeleprotection-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz

ProtectionProtection--ChannelChannel--II (BackupII (Backup--Protection)Protection)-->>

speech channel speech channel –– 300 Hz to 2000 Hz300 Hz to 2000 Hz

TeleprotectionTeleprotection-- 2000 Hz to 3400 Hz2000 Hz to 3400 Hz

PLCCPLCCAdvantages:Advantages:

1.1. High reliabilityHigh reliability

2.2. All channels are available for dedicated use by All channels are available for dedicated use by

powerpower--utility aloneutility alone

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:

1.1. Cost of insulating communication equipment is highCost of insulating communication equipment is high

2.2. High noise level due to CoronaHigh noise level due to Corona

3.3. High speed dataHigh speed data--transfer not possible because of transfer not possible because of

Bandwidth limitations.Bandwidth limitations.

Applications of PLCCApplications of PLCC Voice CommunicationVoice Communication

FascimileFascimile TransmissionTransmission

TeleTele--ProtectionProtection

TeleTele--MeteringMetering

Types of CouplingsTypes of Couplings

3 coupling schemes to couple voice, fax, 3 coupling schemes to couple voice, fax,

teletele--protection and protection and teletele--metering to the metering to the

highhigh--voltage transmission line:voltage transmission line:

PhasePhase--toto--Ground CouplingGround Coupling

PhasePhase--toto--Phase CouplingPhase Coupling

InterInter--Line CouplingLine Coupling

STATION-B

PLCC PANELS

STATION-A

LMU

ESLADC

CC

WT

PLCC PANELS

ESLADC

CC

WT

PHASE-TO-GROUND COUPLING

ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap

LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor

STATION-B

PLCC PANELS

STATION-A

LMU

ESLADC

CC

WT

PLCC PANELS

ESLADC

CC

WT

PHASE-TO-PHASE COUPLING

ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap

LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor

BT=Balancing Transformer

WT

LMU

BT BT

LMU LMU

CC

WT

CC

STATION-B

PLCC PANELS

STATION-A

LMU

ESLADC

CC

WT

PLCC PANELS

ESLADC

CC

WT

INTER-LINE COUPLING

ES=Earth Switch DC=Drainage Coil WT=Wave Trap

LA=Lightening Arrester LMU=Line Matching Unit CC=Coupling capacitor BT=Balancing Transformer

LMU

BT BT

LMU LMU

CCCC

Microwave CommunicationMicrowave Communication

LineLine--ofof--sight communicationsight communication

Requires repeaters at 50Requires repeaters at 50--60 60 kmskms. Intervals. Intervals

Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of Provides sufficient bandwidth to meet the needs of power utilitypower utility

Higher availability than PLCC, Higher availability than PLCC, availablityavailablity not affected by not affected by maintenance or faults on the power linesmaintenance or faults on the power lines

Suffers from Suffers from multipathmultipath--fading effectfading effect

In India, WPC (wireless planning & coIn India, WPC (wireless planning & co--ordination) wing ordination) wing has assigned 2.3has assigned 2.3--2.5 GHz and 2.82.5 GHz and 2.8--5 GHz bands to power 5 GHz bands to power sector usage.sector usage.

Digital Microwave Systems

Leased Telephone CircuitsLeased Telephone Circuits

•Simple solution, no need to develop own dedicated communication facility by power utility

•Availability of this mode of communication at remotely located substations is the deciding factor

FiberFiber--Optic CommunicationOptic Communication FiberFiber--optic communication is a method of transmitting information fromoptic communication is a method of transmitting information from

one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light The light

forms an eforms an electromagnlectromagnetic carrier wave that is etic carrier wave that is modulmodulated to carry ated to carry

informationinformation

• The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps:

Creating the optical signal using a transmitterRelaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weakReceiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal

Analog/DigitalInterface

Voltage toCurrent converter

LightSource

Source toFiber

Interface

Fiber toLight

Detector Interface

LightDetector

Current toVoltage

converter

Analog/DigitalInterface

OUTPUT

INPUT

Optical Fiber

Fiber Optic CommunicationFiber Optic Communication

Advantages:Advantages:The ability to carry much more information and deliver it wiThe ability to carry much more information and deliver it with greater fidelity th greater fidelity

than either copper wire or coaxial cable.than either copper wire or coaxial cable.

Fiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and aFiber optic cable can support much higher data rates, and at greater distancest greater distances

The fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interferenThe fiber is totally immune to virtually all kinds of interference, including ce, including

lightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore colightning, and will not conduct electricity. It can therefore come in direct me in direct

contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines. contact with high voltage electrical equipment and power lines.

POWERGRID POWERGRID uses overhead fiber optic communication:uses overhead fiber optic communication:

OPGWOPGW (optical ground wire cable)(optical ground wire cable)

ADSSADSS (all dielectric self supporting cable)(all dielectric self supporting cable)

WRAP AROUNDWRAP AROUND

Fibre Optic Systems

OPGW

FODP OLTE

ADD DROP MUX2 MB/S

MICROWAVE RADIO TERMINAL

2 MB/S

INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL & ANALOGNETWORKS

PLCC

VOICE CARD

DATA CARD

OPGWOPGW

OPGW (optical ground wire) replaces OPGW (optical ground wire) replaces shield wiresshield wires

•• Provides lightning protectionProvides lightning protection

•• Provides communicationProvides communication

•• Lightning short circuit damageLightning short circuit damage

•• Installation requires long term outageInstallation requires long term outage

•• ExpensiveExpensive

•• Superior performanceSuperior performance

ADSS F.OADSS F.O

ADSS (all dielectric self supporting) whichADSS (all dielectric self supporting) which

is mounted at various locations, typically 3is mounted at various locations, typically 3

to 10 meters below the phase conductorsto 10 meters below the phase conductors..

ADSS costs less than OPGWADSS costs less than OPGW

Higher fiber count than Wrap type.Higher fiber count than Wrap type.

Can be installed on towers not designed Can be installed on towers not designed

for shield wires.for shield wires.

Suitable for hot line installationSuitable for hot line installation

WRAP AROUND F.OWRAP AROUND F.O

WrapWrap--type which is wound around type which is wound around shield wires and, in some instances, shield wires and, in some instances, around energized conductorsaround energized conductors

HotHot--line installation is difficultline installation is difficult

Cost more than ADSS, but less than Cost more than ADSS, but less than OPGWOPGW

Need a shield wireNeed a shield wire

No operation problem is observedNo operation problem is observed

OPGW

WRAP

ADSS

OVERHEAD CABLES FOR OVERHEAD CABLES FOR

POWER UTILITIESPOWER UTILITIES

OPGW ADSS WRAP AROUND

AL STRANDAL COATED STEEL STRAND

AL TUBE

XLPE SHEATH

POLYESTER TAPE

MOISTURE BLOCKING COMPOUND

AERIAL OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES

FIBRESTRENGTH MEMBERS

LOOSE TUBE

AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBCROSS

FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION

OPGW

WRAP AROUND

ADSS

AD\AS\RKG\JP\FIBINST

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONSATELLITE COMMUNICATION

A geostationary satellite is A geostationary satellite is

used as an active repeater.used as an active repeater.

Modulated signals are send Modulated signals are send

from earth from earth VSATsVSATs in 6 GHz in 6 GHz

band to the satellite.band to the satellite.

Signals are beamed back to Signals are beamed back to

earth in 4 GHz band.earth in 4 GHz band.

RoundtimeRoundtime propagation delay propagation delay

of 540ms existsof 540ms exists

Communication is interrupted Communication is interrupted

during eclipses.during eclipses.

WHAT IS SCADAWHAT IS SCADA

SSupervisory upervisory CControl ontrol AAnd nd DData ata AAcquisition cquisition

is the system which enables us to is the system which enables us to

““supervise, control, supervise, control, optimiseoptimise and manage the and manage the

Power Systems in an efficient manner to Power Systems in an efficient manner to

provide stable, secure and reliable power to the provide stable, secure and reliable power to the

end consumerend consumer””..

FUNCTIONS OF SCADAFUNCTIONS OF SCADA

DATA ACQUISITIONDATA ACQUISITION

PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA.PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA.

LIMIT / STATUS MONITORING & ALARMING.LIMIT / STATUS MONITORING & ALARMING.

NETWORK STATUS PROCESSOR.NETWORK STATUS PROCESSOR.

SEQUENCE OF EVENT RECORDING.SEQUENCE OF EVENT RECORDING.

INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL.INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL.

DATA EXCHANGE DATA EXCHANGE

SUPERVISORY CONTROL.SUPERVISORY CONTROL.

SCOPE FOR DATASCOPE FOR DATA--ACQUISITION ACQUISITION

UNDER ULDC SCHEMES in INDIAUNDER ULDC SCHEMES in INDIA

All generating stations of 50MW or All generating stations of 50MW or

above(10 MW or above in case of NER)above(10 MW or above in case of NER)

All 400 KV SubAll 400 KV Sub--Stations.Stations.

All 220 KV SubAll 220 KV Sub--Stations.Stations.

All 132 KV SubAll 132 KV Sub--Stations operated where Stations operated where

InterInter--State lines are located.State lines are located.

Important 66 KV SubImportant 66 KV Sub--Stations (NER only).Stations (NER only).

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Kerala

Tamilnadu

UT of Pondy

Vijayawada

Warangal

HYDERABADGhanapur

Chinkampalli

CHENNAI

Pondy

Madurai

Kannur-B

KALAMASSERY

Vydyuthi Bhavanam

Erode

MW LinkFO LinkState owneed LinkSub-LDC

SLDC

RCLDC

LingasugurDavangere

Bangalore

Information Flow to Control Information Flow to Control CentresCentres

Satellite

Ramagundam

VIJAYAWADATALLAPALLI

GAJUWAKA

VIDYUTH SOUDHA

GOOTY

SALEM400

UDUMALPETTRICHUR NORTH

MADURAI

TRICHY

SRIPERUMBUDUR

NEYVELI

CHINAKAMPALLYDAVANAGERE

RAMAGUNDAM

PONDY

SOMANAHALLI

P

N

PALLOM

KAYANKULAM

RSCC (1)

CPCC (1)

SLDC (4)

SUB-LDC / SCC (14)

FIBRE OPTIC LINK 110/132kv FIBRE OPTIC LINK (220kv)FIBRE OPTIC LINK (400kv)FIBRE OPTIC LINK (SEB)

MICROWAVE LINK (35 links)

SATELLITE LINK (KEB)RTU LOCATIONS (201)

WARANGAL

PEDAPALLIDURSHED

JAMMIKUNTA

VTPS

VIZAG SWS

KAKINADA

BOMMUR

BHIMADOLE

N’SAGAR PH

SRISAILAM PH

SRISAILAM LBPHKURNOOL

SOMAYAJULAPALLI

MUDDANOOR RTPP

ANANTHAPUR

SHAPURNAGAR

GHANAPUR

CH.GUTTA

HYDERABAD 400

LEGEND LEGEND

CHALAKUDI

KALAMASSERY

VIAKKAM

KUNDRA PARIPALLI

TRIVANDRUM NORTHVYDYUTHI BHAVANAM

KOZHIKODE

KANNUR-B

MADURAI400

CHENNAI

CHIDAMBARA M

MYLADUTURAI

SALEM230

ERODE

SIVAGANGA

KARAIKUDI

THIRUMAYAMPUDUKOTTAI

THIRUVARURORTHANADU

KOVIL VENNI

ADANIKOTTAI

INGUR

PONGALORE

PANRUTI

VILLIANUR

SP.KOVIL

BANGALORE

KUMBALGODI

HUBLI

APSEB

RTU’S

82

TNEB

RTU’S

40

KSEB

RTU’S

30

KEB

RTU’S

22

PONDY

RTU’S

05

CENTRAL

SECTOR RTU’S

22

Lingasugur

Sembatti

Madurai 400

Trichy 400

Paramakudi SamayapuramMadurai North

Kodayar PH2

MaduraiSub LDC

Karaikudi

Tanjore 230

S R PudurPariyar PH

Theni KayatharE

Sathur

TTPS

PodukottaC

Echengodu

Adanakottai

Peramballur

Kovilvenni

Pugalur

Thiruvarur

Tuticorin Auto

Trichy 230

Chennai Sub-LDC

(NLC TS-I)

Erode Sub-LDC(Erode)

Wideband Channel Routing for Madurai Sub-LDC

OrthonaduSivagangai

Existing RTU – 9 nos.

Existing RTU integrated

New RTUs – 13 nos.

PLCC Link

MW Link

ChalakudyT. NorthKozhikode -BKannur-B

Kalamassery

PallomKayamkulamKundraParipallyTrivendrumNorth

VidyuthiBhavanam

RSCC,Bangalore (Udumalpet)

Wideband Routing from Sub-LDC to SLDC,(Kalamassery)COMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR KERALA

MW Link

FO Link