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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
٨١
Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (30) No. (5) 2008
��
Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn
Pinctada radiataBrachidonta
variabilisPatella caeruleaMonodonta turbinataEriphia verrucosa
Cd, Pb
.w.wPinctada radiata
.w.wBrachidonta variabilis
.w.wPatella caeruleaMonodonta turbinata
.w.w
Patella
caerulea
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٨٢
Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (30) No. (5) 2008
Trace Heavy Metals Accumulation in Some Zoo Benthic Species of Banias Littoral Thermal Station
Dr. Fayez Saker* Dr. Mohamad.S. AL- Masri **
Mohamad Saleh ***
(Received 28 / 7 / 2008. Accepted 17/11/ )
� ABSTRACT �
We have studied the accumulation of elements (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn) in five different
Zoo benthic species collected from Banias Littoral Thermal station. These species are: Pinctada radiata, Brachidonta variabilis, Patella caerulea, Monodonta turbinate and Eriphia verrucosa. Statistic results indicate a heavy metals accumulation in all organisms, and the differences were due to species difference and time and place of sampling. We can consider all studied species as indicators of pollution (Cd, Pb) and maximum limits between (Pb:2.43-4.80, Cd:1.05-2.16 µg/g.w.w). We can consider Pinctada radiata as bio indicators for Zinc whose limits reach to (875 µg/g.w.w) and Brachidonta variabilis bio indicators of pollution in Cooper (maximum limits 23.15µg/g.w.w). The two species: Patella caerulea and Monodonta turbinata are bio indicators for pollution in Chromium, its maximum value (4.60µg/g, 7.46µg/g.w.w). This study showed different types of correlation between elements, and the highest was between Cu and Zn in species Patella caerulea.
Keywords: Zoo benthos, bio indicators, Trace heavy metals.
* professor , Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University , Lattakia , Syria
** Corresponding, Department of protection and safety, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria. *** Postgraduate student, High Institute of Marine Research - Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University- Lattakia - Syria
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
٨١
UNEP,1995Usero,
(Islam et al,
2004)et al,Watzin
Mussel Watch
Bivalvia
MytilidaeOstriedae
Beldi et al, 2006
David et al, 2001
UNEP,1997
Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn
Bivalvia GastropodaCrustasea
٨٣
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A
B
C
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
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D
pietro , 1974,1976Parenzan,1974,1976 Gaillard , 1978 Riedl
,1983
Leachi,1814Pinctada radiataKrauss,1962Brachidonta variabilis
Bivalaia
Linnaeus,1758Patella caeruleaBorn,1780Monodonta turbinate
Gastropoda
Forskale,1775Eriphia verrucosaCrustacea
Arthropoda
UNEP,1984
Wet –Digestion Method
Hanson,
Atomic Absorption SpectrometerVarianAnalytic Jena AA
novFlame-AASZn , CuETA – AAS
Cd, Pb, Cr
,Trace
elements and methylmercury in fish tissue ,2003 IAEA-407
REFERENCE MATERIAL
Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn
ACD
A
A
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A
w.wµg/gPinctada radiate
w.wµg/g
Brachidonta variabilisw.wµg/g
Eriphia verrucosaPatella caeruleaMonodonta Turbinata
µg/g w.w
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
ك��یتر
ال
Patella
verrucosa
Monodonta
Turbinata
Pinctada
radiata
Brachidonta
variabilus
Eriphia
verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة A في الموقع Zn تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/20065/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
Znµg/g.w.wA
Pinctada radiata
w.wµg/gBrachidonta variabilis
w.wµg/g
Bivalvia
Monodonta Turbinata
w.wµg/gverrucosaEriphia
Patella caeruleaw.wµg/g
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
(µg
/g.w
.wز (
ك�یتر
ال
Patella
verrucosa
Monodonta
Turbinata
Pinctada
radiata
Brachidonta
variabilus
Eriphia
verrucosa
تركیز Cu في الموقع A األنواع المدروسة
20/6/2006 3/8/2006 5/10/200625/11/2006 20/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
Cuµg/g.w. wA
MonodontaTurbinataw.wµg/g
w.wµg/gPinctada radiata
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patella
verrucosa
Monodonta
Turbinata
Pinctada
radiata
Brachidonta
variabilus
Eriphia
verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة A في الموقع Cr تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/2006
5/10/2006 25/11/2006
20/1/2007 15/3/2007
22/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w)Cr A
w.wµg/gBrachidonta variabilis
Monodonta Turbinata5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة A في الموقع Pb تركیز
20/6/20063/8/20065/10/2006
25/11/2006
20/1/200715/3/200722/5/2007
2/7/2007
5µg/g.w. w)PbA
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-A
w.wµg/g Monodonta Turbinata
µg/g w.wPinctada radiata
Patella caerulea Brachidonta variabilis Eriphia verrucosa
µg/g w.w
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
تركیز Cd في الموقع A األنواع المدروسة
20/6/2006 3/8/2006
5/10/2006 25/11/2006
20/1/2007 15/3/2007
22/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w)CdA
B
C
C
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
(µg
/g.w
.wز (
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة C في الموقع Zn تركیز
20/6/2006
3/8/2006
5/10/2006
25/11/2006
20/1/2007
15/3/2007
22/5/2007
2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w) ZnC
A
Pinctada radiataw.wµg/g
wwµg/g
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
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Monodonta Turbinata Patella caerulea Brachidonta variabilis
verrucosaEriphia
Pinctada radiata
w.wµg/g
Monodonta Turbinataw.wµg/gBrachidonta variabilis
w.wµg/gverrucosaEriphiaw.wµg/g
Patella caerulea
w.wµg/g
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة C في الموقع Cu تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/20065/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
(µg/g.w. w) Cu C
C
Monodonta Turbinata
w.wµg/g Patella caerulea
w.wµg/gBrachidonta variabilisEriphia verrucosa
Pinctada radiata
µg/g. w.w
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
(µg
/g.w
.wز (
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة C في الموق�ع Cr تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/2006
5/10/2006 25/11/2006
20/1/2007 15/3/2007
22/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w) Cr C
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٩٠
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروس�ة C في الموقع Pb تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/20065/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w)Pb C
Brachidonta variabilisw.wµg/g
w.wµg/g verrucosaEriphia
Pinctada radiata Patella caeruleaw.wµg/g
Monodonta Turbinataw.wµg/g
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patella
verrucosa
Monodonta
Turbinata
Pinctada
radiata
Brachidonta
variabilus
Eriphia
verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة C في الموقع Cd تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/20065/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w)Cd C
w.wµg/g
Monodonta Turbinata Pinctada radiata
Brachidonta variabilis Patella caerulea verrucosaEriphia
D
m
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
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m
m
D
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة D في الموقع Zn تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/20065/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w) ZnD
Pinctada radiata
w.wµg/gPatella caeruleaBrachidonta variabilis
Monodonta TurbinataverrucosaEriphia
Pinctada radiata
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
(µg
/g.w
.wز (
ك�یتر
ال
Patella
verrucosa
Monodonta
Turbinata
Pinctada
radiata
Brachidonta
variabilus
Eriphia
verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة D في الموقع Cu تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/2006 5/10/200625/11/2006 20/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w)Cu D
D
w.wµg/g
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٩٢
Pinctada radiataw.wµg/g
verrucosa Eriphia
EriphiaBrachidonta variabilis Monodonta Turbinata Patella caerulea
w.wµg/g
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة D في الموقع Cr تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/2006 5/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/2007 22/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w.w) Cr D
Brachidonta variabilis
w.wµg/g
w.wµg/g0.12
Patella caerulea verrucosaMonodonta Turbinata, EriphiaPinctada radiata
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3(µ
g/g
.w.w
ز(كی
ترال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة D في الموقع Pb تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/20065/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w)Pb D
Pinctada radiata
w.wµg/gPatella caerulea
w.wµg/g TurbinataMonodonta
µg/gBrachidonta variabilis
verrucosaEriphiaw.wµg/g
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
٩٣
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
Patellaverrucosa
MonodontaTurbinata
Pinctadaradiata
Brachidontavariabilus
Eriphia verrucosa
األنواع المدروسة D في الموقع Cd تركیز
20/6/2006 3/8/20065/10/2006 25/11/200620/1/2007 15/3/200722/5/2007 2/7/2007
µg/g.w. w)Cd D
D
Brachidonta variabilisw.wµg/g
Pinctada radiataw.wµg/g
Patella caerulea Monodonta Turbinata verrucosaEriphia
µg/g0.87
Cd ,Pb ,Cr ,Cu ,Zn
Dw.wµg/gZn:Cu:4.92Cr: 1.07Pb: 1.30
Cw.wµg/gCu: 10.8, Zn:
132.55Cr: 2.21A
C
DA
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
(µg
/g.w
.wز(
كیتر
ال
ACD
مواقع الدراسة
Zn متوسط تركیز
Zn
Znµg/g.w. w)
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
(µg/
g.w
.wز(
كیر ت
ال
ACD
مواقع الدراس�ة
Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu متوسط تراكیز العناصر
Cu
Cr
Pb
Cd
CuCrPbCd (µg/g.w. w)
ACD
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
٩٥
D, C, A
R= Patella caeruleaA
verrucosaEriphia
R=0.83ACD
Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn
Zn µg/g
Cu µg/g
Cr µg/g
Pb µg/g
Cd µg/g
- Augusta
Di Geronimo,1990
De Leon,1984
(Fishelson et al,1999)
Donax trunculus
Linnaeus ,1758
Usero et al, 2005)
Chamelea gallina
(Linnaeus,1758)
,1758
De Leon,1984)
- Augusta
Di Geronimo,1990
Brachidonta variabilis
)Krauss,1962
Pinctada radiata
Leachi,1814
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Monodonta turbenata
Born,1780
Patella caerulea
Linnaeus ,1758
Eriphia verrucosa
Forskale,1775
Cd ,Pb ,Cr ,Cu ,Zn
ZnCuCr
PbCd
ZnCuCr
PbCd
pinctada radiate
ZnCuCrPbCd
pinctada radiata
Brachidonta variabilis
Patella caeruleaTurbinata
MonodontaGastropoda
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series
٩٧
C, Aw.wµg/g132.55
C
w.wµg/gCu: 10.8Cr: 2.21w.wµg/g
Dw.wµg/g
Patella caerulea A
R=0.94, n=8 D C
pinctada radiata
µg/g.w.w
µg/g.w.w
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10. PARENZAN,P. " carta d’identita delle conehigilie del mediterraneo", vol .(II. Bivalvi Prima part ). Ed.Bios. taranto1974, 50.
11. PARENZAN,P. " carta d’identita delle conehigilie del mediterraneo". VOL .(II. Bivalvi P second ), Parte. 1976 ,1-225.
12. PIETRO, P. " Carta d’identita delle corchigile del Mediterraneo" . Vol. II .Bivalvi prima Parte . Ed . Bios – Taranto. 1974.
13. RIEDL , R . "Fauna and Flora des Mittelmeeres" . verlag paul parey Hamburg Berlin . 1983.1-832
14. UNEP (OCA) MED/G. "A regional site specific temporal Trend Monitoring Programme ".1997,. 9.
15. UNEP" Manual for the geochemical analysis of marine sediments and suspends Particulate matter ". Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies, No.63. 1995.
16. UNEP. " Sampling of selected marine organisms for sample preparation for Trace Metal analysis "Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies, UNEP/FAO/IOC/IAEA. N.7,Rev.2. 1984.15.
17. USERO J, MORILLO J, GRACIA I. " Heavy metal concentrations in Mollusks from the Atlantic coast of southern Spain". Chemosphere 59. 2005,1175-1181.
18. WATZIN, M.C; ROSCIGNO, P.R. " The effects of zinc contamination on the Recruitment and early survival of benthic invertebrates in an estuary "Marine Pollution Bulletin. Vol. 34, No.6, 1997.443-455.
19. WYSE, E.J; S.AZEMARD and S.J.de MORA, " Report on the world-wide Intercomparison exercise for the determination of trace elements and methyl mercury in fish homogenate IAEA-407 .IAEA/AL/144,IAEA/MEL/72,IAEA, 2003.94.
PbCdZn Cu
ZnCuCr PbCd Pinctada radiata Brachidonta variabilis
Cd,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn
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