Official Use Only – Source Selection Sensitive

Denver, Colorado · May 12-13, 2015

Official Use Only – Source Selection Sensitive

Introduction to MONITOR Developing Low-Cost, Highly Sensitive Technologies for Improved Methane Detection

Dr. Bryan Willson Program Director May 12, 2015

The ARPA-E Mission

Reduce Imports

Reduce Emissions

Improve Efficiency

3

Catalyze and support the development of transformational, high-impact energy technologies

Ensure America’s

‣ Economic Security

‣ Energy Security

‣ Technological Lead

Creating New Learning Curves

4

What Makes an ARPA-E Project?

BRIDGE ‣ Translates science into breakthrough technology ‣ Not researched or funded elsewhere ‣ Catalyzes new interest and investment

IMPACT ‣ High impact on ARPA-E mission areas ‣ Credible path to market ‣ Large commercial application

TRANSFORM ‣ Challenges what is possible ‣ Disrupts existing learning curves ‣ Leaps beyond today’s technologies

TEAM ‣ Comprised of best-in-class people ‣ Cross-disciplinary skill sets ‣ Translation oriented

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Technology Acceleration Model

6

Focused and Open Programs at ARPA-E

7

Focused Programs

Open Solicitations

Stationary & Transportation Energy

Stationary Energy

Transportation Energy

Open Solicitations OPEN 2009 OPEN 2012

IDEAS OPEN 2015

ADEPT Solar ADEPT

GRIDS GENSETS

IMPACCT BEETIT GENI ARID

FOCUS REBELS

MONITOR

BEEST PETRO

Electrofuels MOVE TERRA

RANGE REMOTE

HEATS AMPED

REACT SBIR/STTR

METALS SWITCHES

ADEPT Solar ADEPT

GRIDS GENSETS

Focused and Open Programs at ARPA-E

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Focused Programs

Open Solicitations

Stationary & Transportation Energy

Stationary Energy

Transportation Energy

Open Solicitations OPEN 2009 OPEN 2012

IDEAS OPEN 2015

IMPACCT BEETIT GENI ARID

FOCUS REBELS

MONITOR

BEEST PETRO

Electrofuels MOVE TERRA

RANGE REMOTE

HEATS AMPED

REACT SBIR/STTR

METALS SWITCHES

Why MONITOR? Why now?

Responding to the Natural Gas Boom

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0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

Trill

ion

cubi

c fe

et

U.S. Dry Natural Gas Production, 1990-2040

Projected

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Trill

ion

kilo

wat

thou

rs

Electricity Generation by Fuel, 1990-2040

Unc

onve

ntio

nal G

as

Shale Gas

Tight Gas

Conventional Sources

Projected

Natural Gas 35%

Renewables 16%

Nuclear 16%

Coal 32%

Rapid growth in domestic oil and gas production has been driven by advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, allowing the U.S. to tap vast unconventional gas reserves; by 2035, natural gas is

expected to surpass coal as the largest fuel burned to generate electricity

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Outlook

The Environmental Case for Natural Gas On a lifecycle basis, natural gas emits nearly half the level of greenhouse gases as coal when burned; the

challenge is ensuring that environmental risks throughout the supply chain are effectively mitigated

10 Source: IPCC AR4 Annex II (2007)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Gra

ms

CO

2eq

per k

Wh

Median lifecycle GHG emissions from fossil-based electricity generation

Coal Oil Natural Gas

~470

~840

~1,000

ARPA-E and the Natural Gas Boom

export

transportation

heat

power

products

flare/vent

31.88

2.7

1.5

0.92

8.15

8.53

9.22

0.28

26.82

Trillion cubic feet (2014)

MOVE

REBELS

REMOTE

In response to this changing energy landscape, ARPA-E has developed programs to address

challenges across the various end-use sectors that rely on natural gas

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review Natural Gas Flow (2015) 11

MONITOR

GENSETS

misc. end-uses

ARPA-E and the Natural Gas Boom

export

transportation

heat

power

products

flare/vent

31.88

2.7

1.5

0.92

8.15

8.53

9.22

0.28

26.82

Trillion cubic feet (2014)

MOVE

REBELS

REMOTE

In response to this changing energy landscape, ARPA-E has developed programs to address

challenges across the various end-use sectors that rely on natural gas

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Annual Energy Review Natural Gas Flow (2015) 12

MONITOR

GENSETS

misc. end-uses

Why focus on methane emissions?

= Methane

Carbon Dioxide

The Importance of Focusing on Methane

Fluorinated Gases 6%

Nitrous Oxide 3%

Methane 9%

Carbon Dioxide 82%

Methane – the main component of natural gas – accounts for about one-tenth of U.S. greenhouse

gas emissions

However, over a 20-year period, one gram of methane has 84 times the global warming

potential as the same amount of carbon dioxide

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U.S GHG Emissions (2012)

Source: EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory, IPCC AR5 (2013)

Methane Emissions as a Growing Problem

14 Source: WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin (Sept. 2014), EPA Non-CO2 GHG Emissions 1990-2030 (Dec. 2012)

Atmospheric methane concentrations have increased about 10% since the mid-1980s and global emissions are expected to grow an additional 20% by 2030

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

MtC

O2e

Projected

Global Methane Emissions (1990-2030) Atmospheric Methane Concentrations (1985-Present)

Monitoring Cost

Det

ectio

n Pr

obab

ility

100%

0%

50%

State-of-the-art continuous monitors

Periodic vehicle-based monitors

Annual on-site inspection

Today’s Methane Sensing Solutions

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Today’s Solutions

Monitoring Cost

Det

ectio

n Pr

obab

ility

Today’s Solutions

100%

0%

50%

effective

low

cos

t

New Technology

MONITOR

State-of-the-art continuous monitors

Periodic vehicle-based monitors

Annual on-site inspection

Tomorrow’s Methane Sensing Solutions

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MONITOR Metrics & Targets

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1 ton per year (6 standard cubic feet per hour) Detection Threshold

$3,000 per site per year (for basic functionality) Cost

90% methane leakage reduction with a 90% confidence level Resulting Leak Reduction

No more than 1 per year False Positives

Able to estimate mass flow rate within 20% margin of error Mass Flow Rate

Able to estimate location within 1 meter Leak Location

Transmits results wirelessly to remote receiver Communications

Methane selectivity, speciation capability, thermogenic/biogenic differentiation, continuous measurement, enhanced stability

Enhanced Functionality

Two Technology Categories

• Systems that include: (1) methane emission sensing; (2) methane leakage characterization and data analytics in order to estimate the leakage rates and approximate location of leaks; (3) provisions for data quality control; (4) digital communication; and (5) enhanced functionality

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Complete measurement systems: 6 projects

Partial measurement systems: 5 projects

• Nascent technologies that may be too early in the development process for incorporation into a complete sensing systems, but that could significantly contribute to progress towards the system level objectives in this FOA. Partial solutions are primarily envisioned as advances in detector technology or data analytics

The Portfolio: 11 Projects in 9 States

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SYSTEM SOLUTIONS PARTIAL SOLUTIONS

Tunable Mid-infrared Laser for Methane Sensing Jessup, MD

Laser Spectroscopic Point Sensor for Methane Leak Detection Lincoln, NE

Microstructured Optical Fiber for Methane Sensing Niskayuna, NY

Mobile LiDAR Sensors for Methane Leak Detection Bozeman, MT

On-Chip Optical Sensors and Network for Methane Leak Detection Yorktown Heights, NY

Portable Imaging Spectrometer for Methane Leak Detection Houston, TX

UAV-based Laser Spectroscopy for Methane Leak Detection Andover, MA

Printed Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Methane Leak Detection Palo Alto, CA

Miniaturized Tunable Laser Spectrometer for Methane Leak Detection Redwood City, CA

Frequency Comb-based Methane Sensing Boulder, CO

Miniaturized Coded Aperture Mass Spectrometer for Methane Sensing Durham, NC

The MONITOR Timeline: ARPA-E & Beyond

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Window for field testing

YEAR 3 YEAR 2 YEAR 1

GEN

ERAL

PR

OG

RAM

FI

ELD

TES

TIN

G

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

*Subject to change

The MONITOR Team

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Bryan Willson Program Director

Nate Gorence Technology-to-Market Advisor

Halley Aelion Programmatic Support

Adam Fischer General Program Support

Chris Konek Technical Support

Anne Marie Lewis Technical Support

Ian Snyder Programmatic Support

Eric Schiff Program Director

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www.arpa-e.energy.gov