A presentation by Engineer Sohail Bashir. Mr. Sohail has worked in Netherlands. He received his education from NED University, and Osaka (Japan). The presentation covers the course of Docks and Harbours for Urban Engineering, Second Year at NED University.
Welcome to the Lecture on Docks & Harbors
1
The PresenterEngr. Sohail BashirB.E (Civil), NEDUET, M.S
(Transportation), NEDUET M.S (Coastal, Estuarial and Harbour
Engineering), IHE, Delft, The Netherlands, C.I (Dredging)
IADC,Hague, The Netherlands, C.I (Environmental Engg.), Osaka,
Japan2
Ports & Harbor in Pakistan3
Contents of PresentationSection I Section II Section III Section
IV Section V : Introduction : Field of Studies in Coastal &
Harbor Engineering : The General Aspects of P &H : Ports &
Harbors in Pakistan : Video Presentations - Dredging - Construction
of Storm Surge Barrier (Hydraulic Structure) at Netherlands.4
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION5
IntroductionThe Coastal & Harbor Engineering is the
application of basic engineering principles to the planning,
design, construction and management of structures that are subject
to marine environments.6
IntroductionThe Coastal & Harbor Engineering provides
practically based education for graduate and practicing engineers
interested in the design, construction and maintenance of civil
works in the off- shore and coastal zones as well as in estuaries,
ports and harbors.7
IntroductionThe physical phenomena of the sea and the coast in
particular coastal morphology are emphasized in the subjects
related to coastal engineering.8
IntroductionThe study of coastal defense works, sea dikes, sea
outfalls & intakes, offshore jetties planning, design &
construction of ports form an important element of the Coastal
& Harbor Engineering.9
IntroductionThe curriculum of Coastal & Harbor Engineering
focuses on applied geotechniques & foundation engineering and
construction aspects of hydraulic structures. Exercise on Sheet
pile design, Slope stability, Breakwater and Quay wall design form
a key element of the curriculum.10
IntroductionFurthermore, subjects such as Environment,
informatics, Sediment transport, Hydrographic survey, Dredging,
Inland Navigation, Port management and Project management are also
included in the curriculum of Coastal & Harbor
Engineering.11
IntroductionNEEDPakistan has a coast line of more than 900 KM. x
It is extended in the region of Arabian sea and Persian gulf. x Due
to shortage of Engineering manpower in this area, Pakistan has not
been able to take full benefits of this gift of nature.x12
IntroductionNEED Pakistan has always relied upon the expatriates
for the design of ports & harbors, offshore petroleum
extraction & design of coastal and offshore structures.13
IntroductionNEEDThis is due to the reason that non of the
Engineering University of Pakistan has ever embark upon to offer a
program of study in this area of need. Now, NEDUET has embark upon
to meet the need of Pakistan by offering Masters Program in Coastal
& Harbor Engineering.14
IntroductionIf proper planning is not done at this stage to
develop expertise in this field, it is feared that Pakistan may not
be able to take full benefits of upcoming port related project such
as Gwadar, Pasni, Ormara & Keti Bunder.15
IntroductionFor effective utilization of indigenous manpower
& resources it is a must that we should train properly
qualified professional in this field for long them construction,
operation and maintenance of these facilities.
Hence there exist a promising market for absorption of these
expertise.
16
Section II Field of Studies in Coastal & Harbor
Engineering
17
Section IIOcean & Coastal Engineering Port Planning and
Design Coastal Processes Coastal Management Soil Mechanics in
Coastal Engineering18
Section IIMarine Geology Marine Dredging Offshore Engineering
Analysis Computational Hydraulics Design of Marine Structures
Marine Pollution & Control19
Section IIEnvironmental Aspects of Coasts and Harbors. Coastal
and Offshore Engineering. Geo-technical & Foundation
Engineering for Marine Structures.20
Section IIStructural Design Of Marine Structures. Port
Engineering Oceanography Port Navigation & Project
Management.21
PORT PLANNING AND DESIGNMaster planning of ports. Planning Of
Bulk Terminals. Port Administration. Port Management Port
Structures Port planning Marine Transport Merchant Shipping22
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF COASTS AND HARBORS. Water Resources
DevelopmentEnvironmental Aspects Of Harbors. Environmental Impact
Assessment. Prevention and Combat of Oil Spills. Pollution. Ocean
& Coastal Environment and Conservation
Maritime Environment.
23
COASTAL AND OFFSHORE ENGINEERING.Coastal and Offshore
Engineering. Tides and Tidal Currents. Salt Intrusion and Density
Currents. Short Waves & Ocean Waves. Sediment Transport. Ocean
Engineering Coastal Zone Management. Estuary Engineering24
Soil Mechanics & Soil Investigations. Marine Geo-technical
Investigations. Groundwater Flow. Building Pits. Foundation
Engineering. Sheet Pile Design. Slope Stability. Quay Wall
Design.25
GEOTECHNICS & FOUNDATION ENGINEERING FOR MARINE
STRUCTURES.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MARINE STRUCTURES.Basic Structural
Analysis. Ship Dynamic Design of Offshore Structures. Offshore
Berthing Structure Breakwater Design26
PORT ENGINEERINGAccess Channels. Dikes, Revetments & Tidal
Channels. Barriers & Outlet Sluices. Sea Outfalls &
Intakes. Navigation Locks. Berthing Fenders. Inland
Navigation.27
Dredging, Port Navigation & Project Management.Dredging
& Dredging Equipment. Dredging And Reclamation For Port and
Harbor Management. Heavy Duty Pavement for Ports. Aids To
Navigation. Hydrographic Surveys. Projects Management Project
Planning and Economics. 28
Oceanographyx x x x x x
Oceanography Ocean Engineering Wave Mechanics. Ocean Materials.
Design Of Ocean Engineering Facilities. Underwater & Moored
System Design. Dynamic Of Offshore Structures.
29
Section III The General Aspects
of Port & Harbors30
The General Aspects of P & HThe word port can be used for
any place where goods or passengers are transferred from one mode
of transport to one or more other modes. For example, seaports,
inland ports, airports, but also stations (railway ports), truck-
terminals,etc.31
The General Aspects of P & HThe word port is usually
connected in our mind with a place where goods (and / or
passengers) are transferred from waterborne modes to land-borne
modes such as trucks, railway cars, pipelines, etc. or vice-versa.
More specifically: a sea port is the place where seagoing vessels
are being loaded and / or unloaded.32
The General Aspects of P & HA seaport is a very important
element in the economic and social life of a country or region.
Through the port, access to the world markets may be obtained for
the country's export-produces and the necessary imports may be
received in the most economic way, saving foreign currency.
Furthermore, under certain conditions, the port itself can be an
important source of foreign currency earnings.33
The General Aspects of P & HIt is also clear that the port,
a particularly the general-cargo port can provide many and varied
jobs, directly or indirectly connected with the loading / unloading
of ships and the distribution of the goods.34
The General Aspects of P & HA port can only be benefit to
the country and the people when it is
properly laid-out sufficiently equipped and operated
efficiently,so that the ships and the goods they carry can be
handled safely and
efficiently.
35
The General Aspects of P & H
Technological improvements in recent years have made it
essential to plan the transportation system of a developing country
as a whole, in order to achieve a balance between the capacities of
the various parts.36
The General Aspects of P & HPlanning a sea-port without
considering the connecting road, Rail and barge facilities may lead
to serious faults in national communications. This is particularly
true in the case of developing countries, in many of which the
freight traffic is rapidly growing and changing.37
The General Aspects of P & H
Within the ports sector, a balanced plan is needed for each
class of maritime traffic. The number of ports their specialization
and their location have to be considered.38
The General Aspects of P & HRecent development trends in
port engineering are characterized by the need to accommodate
vessels with greater drafts. Tankers for crude oil have reached
close to 0.6 million DWT (dead weight tons). Ore carriers of almost
0.4 million DWT have been built.39
The General Aspects of P & HThe largest container vessels
are now 50,000 to 60,000 DWT with space to hold about 4,000 TEU
containers with speeds up to 32 knots. Unitized transport by
containers and pallets including roll-on roll-off (ro/ro) transport
has also expanded rapidly.40
The General Aspects of P & HThis has required the
development of special port installations and transportation
systems. It has also contributed to the development of a new port
engineering field called "terminal technology," which concerns use
of marine terminals for a great variety of purposes.41
The General Aspects of P & HPort development for bulk
carriers includes facilities for mooring of tankers in the open sea
either at buoys or at platforms with no connection to land other
than a pipeline for loading and unloading oil. Open sea loading
terminals for ore carriers are usually connected to land by a
bridge structure carrying conveyors and other necessary
installations.42
The General Aspects of P & HIt should be noted that in any
industry the cost of a manufactured article depends upon the price
of the raw material delivered to the manufacturer, i.e., the cost
of the material itself at source plus transport charges. With
steel, it has been estimated that about half the cost is accounted
for by the delivery cost of the materials. Thus, the lower the
delivery cost for raw materials from source to works, the more
competitive will be the price of the finished article.
43
The General Aspects of P & HUnit transport has become the
most aggressive mode of transportation during recent decades, and
its volume is increasing steadily. Lately, the developing countries
have entered the race, and are seeking rational transports in units
of still increasing dimensions.44
The General Aspects of P & HRational handling of cargo is an
important development. The key word to rational cargo handling is
unitizing. Before any improvement can be obtained, the cargo must
be consolidated into larger units suitable for mechanical handling.
There are two main systems of unitized cargo: the container system
and the pallet system45
Section IV
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan46
47
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan
KARACHI PORT
48
Ports & Harbors in PakistanHISTORY OF KARACHI PORTx
Karachi due to its geographical and strategic location is known
as the gateway to Asia and considered as a safe Harbor since long.
However, the existing Port started taking shape in 1854, when the
projects of dredging the main navigable channel and the
construction of a mole or causeway joining the main harbor with the
rest of the city were undertaken.49
x
Ports & Harbors in PakistanAbout 5 years later, construction
of Manora Breakwater was started. The construction of the wharves
started in 1882. Most of these facilities were obsolete by the time
Pakistan came into existence in 1947.50
Ports & Harbors in PakistanSince then, the port
administration has embarked on extensive development of the port on
modern lines. The 12 km long marked channel dredged from 11 to 13m
provides for day and night access to east / west wharves and oil
piers.51
Ports & Harbors in PakistanAt the time of independence in
1947, the Port capacity was about 1.5 million tons of dry cargo and
1.0 million tons of P.O.L. products per annum. Karachi Port is now
handling over 14 million tons of liquid cargo and 12 million tons
of dry cargo.52
Ports & Harbors in PakistanThe port is known for handling of
molasses, rice, fertilizer, steel, general cargo and various liquid
products. Two private container terminal with all modern facilities
caters to the needs of containerized trade.53
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan The Port also has plans in hand
to further upgrade existing facilities and undertake new projects
to facilitate the shipping and trade.
54
Ports & Harbors in PakistanTo meet the future challenges and
accommodate big vessels, which were presently in use, KPT is
planning for establishment of an 18-metre deep draft container
terminal at the Keamari Groyne. A total of 10 berths were being
envisaged in three stages and the terminal would have 3,500 meters
quay wall.55
Ports & Harbors in PakistanThe first phase would see a 700
meters quay wall complemented by two break waters and a 600-metre
wide channel for smooth turning of ships. A large number of foreign
companies are showing keen interest in this project for which
dedicated road shows were currently going on for interested
parties.56
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan
57
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan
58
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan
59
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan
60
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan
61
Ports & Harbors in Pakistan
62
Thank You
63
