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ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484 DFID

DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

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Page 1: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

ISSN 0142-193X

C irad-emvt

TSETSE ANDTRYPANOSOMIASISINFORMATION QUARTERLY

Volume 25Part 4, 2002Numbers 12387–12484

DFID

Page 2: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

Edited by

Hove, East SussexUnited Kingdom

John N. Pollock

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATIONOF THE UNITED NATIONSRome, 2003

TSETSE ANDTRYPANOSOMIASISINFORMATION QUARTERLY

Page 3: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387-12484

Page 4: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly

! "

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`\a!%F/("4!O(+"(S+(A"(9V.4(+"b1(.9.+:=9!!! V")6%!'$%!7(43%!.1!'$"&!")1.+/('".)!&%+7"6%!*%-%)*&!'.!(!:+%('!%U'%)'!.)!'$%!+%6%"-'!.1! +%4%7()'!/('%+"(4! 1+./! +%&%(+6$!c.+M%+&D! 6(/-(":)! -4())%+&! ()*! .+:()"A%+&! ()*! 1"%4*!c.+M%+&! '$%/&%47%&D! +%(*%+&! (+%! +%R3%&'%*! '.! &35/"'! )%c&! "'%/&! ()*! 6.-"%&! .1! &6"%)'"1"6!-(-%+&!()*!+%-.+'&!'.!'$%!E*"'.+W!K+!d.$)!C9!;.44.6MD!e^!;(4/%"+(!O()&".)&D!P$3+6$!H.(*D!J.7%D! E(&'! V3&&%UD! GC[! e?8D! B)"'%*! f"):*./! <'%49! Z``! Ye_[! [e]eYYa! %F/("4!>.$))-.44.6Mb$.'/("496./=9!!! I%! +%:+%'! '$('! c%! (+%! 3)(54%! '.! &3--4,! -$.'.6.-"%&! .1! '$%! -(-%+&! R3.'%*! ")! '$%!R3(+'%+4,9!!Distribution dates and copy deadlines !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!P.-,!*%(*4")%!1.+!! ! ! !!K"&'+"53'".)!! ! ! )%c&!"'%/&! ! ! <E):4"&$!()*!?+%)6$!%*"'".)&=!! Part 1! ! Y^!d()3(+,! ! ! ! !!!8-+"4gO(,

Part 2! ! Y^!8-+"4! ! ! ! !!!d34,g83:3&'

Part 3! ! Y^!d34,!! ! ! ! !!!@6'.5%+gC.7%/5%+

Part 4! ! Y^!@6'.5%+! ! ! ! !!!d()3(+,g?%5+3(+,

! #$%! Index! c"44! 5%! *"&'+"53'%*! (&! &..)! (&! -.&&"54%! (1'%+! '$%! 6./-4%'".)! .1! %(6$!7.43/%9!!

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! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly!

! ""

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TTIQ!

(9"9! (6'"7%!"):+%*"%)'!8P#J! (*+%).6.+'"6.'+.-$"6!$.+/.)%!8L8#! (4()")%!(/").'+()&(/")(&%!8V8#! (&-(+'"6!(6"*!(/").'+()&(/")(&%!59c9! 5.*,!c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f0N0! M"'!1.+!in vitro!"&.4('".)!.1!!! !!!'+,-().&./%&!!

LP^X! /%*"()!4%'$(4!6.)6%)'+('".)!LK^X! /%*"()!4%'$(4!*.&%!O! /.4(+!/8EP! /")"('3+%!()".)F%U6$():%!!! !!!6%)'+"13:('".)!'%6$)"R3%!O685! /.).64.)(4!()'"5.*,!OI! /.4%634(+!c%":$'!C8HV! C('".)(4!8:+"634'3+(4!H%&%(+6$! !!!V%+7"6%&gV,&'%/&!-9"9! -.&'F")1%6'".)!;PH! -.4,/%+(&%!6$(")!+%(6'".)!;PN! -(6M%*!6%44!7.43/%!--5! -(+'&!-%+!5"44".)!<YX\=!--/! -(+'&!-%+!/"44".)!+9$9! +%4('"7%!$3/"*"',!HC8! +"5.)364%"6!(6"*!V0#! &'%+"4%!")&%6'!'%6$)"R3%!&-<-=9! &-%6"%&!<-43+(4=!&&-<-=9! &35&-%6"%&!<-43+(4=!BN! 34'+(F7".4%'!N8#! 7(+"(54%!()'":%)!',-%!NVS! 7(+"()'!&3+1(6%!:4,6.-+.'%")!IGP! c$"'%!54..*!6%44!!

Organizations

8CKE! 8:%)6%!C('".)(4%!*%!KQ7%4.--%/%)'!*%!4TE4%7(:%!8B! 81+"6()!B)".)!8BgV#HP! 81+"6()!B)".)g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h.)%!!! !!!V35$3/"*%!PCEHN! P%)'+%!C('".)(4!*TE4%7(:%!%'!*%!H%6$%+6$%&!NQ'Q+")("+%&!PCHV! P%)'+%!C('".)(4!*%!H%6$%+6$%!V6"%)'"1"R3%!PHE8#! P%)'+%!*%!H%6$%+6$%!%'!*TE4%7(:%D!87Q'.).3D!#.:.!PHVV8! P%)'+%!*%!H%6$%+6$%&!*3!V%+7"6%!*%!V()'Q!*%&!8+/Q%&!E/"4%!;(+*Q!P#NO! P%)'+%!1.+!#+.-"6(4!N%'%+")(+,!O%*"6")%!K?0K! K%-(+'/%)'!1.+!0)'%+)('".)(4!K%7%4.-/%)'!<Bf=!KVE! S%+/()!?.3)*('".)!1.+!0)'%+)('".)(4!K%7%4.-/%)'!EPgEB! E3+.-%()!P.//3)"',gE3+.-%()!B)".)!EK?! E3+.-%()!K%7%4.-/%)'!?3)*!?8@! ?..*!()*!8:+"634'3+%!@+:()"A('".)!.1!'$%!B)"'%*!C('".)&!?0#P8! ?(+/"):!")!#&%'&%!P.)'+.4!8+%(&!.1!E(&'%+)!81+"6(!

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Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly

! """

S#h! K%3'&6$%!S%&%44&6$(1'!1i+!#%6$)"&6$%!h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f8H0! f%),(!8:+"634'3+(4!H%&%(+6$!0)&'"'3'%!fE#H0! f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c%+-%)!V8KP! V.3'$%+)!81+"6()!K%7%4.-/%)'!P.//3)"',!V0K8! Vc%*"&$!0)'%+)('".)(4!K%7%4.-/%)'!83'$.+"',!V@KE;H8! V.6"Q'Q!-.3+!4%!KQ7%4.--%/%)'!*%&!;+.*36'".)&!8)"/(4%&!#KH! BCK;gI.+4*!G()MgIJ@!V-%6"(4!;+.:+(//%!1.+!H%&%(+6$!()*!#+(")"):!")!!! !!!#+.-"6(4!K"&%(&%&!#KHP! #+.-"6(4!K"&%(&%&!H%&%(+6$!P%)'+%!#;H0! #+.-"6(4!;%&'"6"*%&!H%&%(+6$!0)&'"'3'%!##H0! #&%'&%!()*!#+,-().&./"(&"&!H%&%(+6$!0)&'"'3'%!BCK;! B)"'%*!C('".)&!K%7%4.-/%)'!;+.:+(//%!BV80K! B)"'%*!V'('%&!8:%)6,!1.+!0)'%+)('".)(4!K%7%4.-/%)'!BVK8! B)"'%*!V'('%&!K%-(+'/%)'!.1!8:+"634'3+%!B#H@! B:()*(!#+,-().&./"(&"&!H%&%(+6$!@+:()"A('".)!IJ@! I.+4*!J%(4'$!@+:()"A('".)!

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! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

! "7

CONTENTS!

Page!SECTION A – NEWS

0)7"'%*!E&&(,W!S%)%'"6!*"7%+&"',!()*!:%)%!14.c!")!morsitans!:+.3-!'&%'&%!14"%&! !!Y`Y!

H%:"&'+('".)!1.+!'$%!e_'$!/%%'"):!.1!'$%!0VP#HPD!;+%'.+"(! !!Y`]!H.4%!()*!"/-.+'()6%!.1!'$%!&.6".F%6.)./"6!()*!634'3+(4!1(6'.+&!")!'$%!!

+%&%(+6$!()*!6.)'+.4!.1!'+,-().&./"(&"&! !!Y`_!S3"*"):!%6.)./"6!-+")6"-4%&!1.+!&'+('%:"6!-4())"):!1.+!'&%'&%!()*!!

'+,-().&./.&"&!6.)'+.4g%+(*"6('".)!")!I%&'!81+"6(! Y`\!O.+%!'$()!YXX!XXX!-%.-4%!")1%&'%*!c"'$!&4%%-"):!&"6M)%&&!")!8):.4(! !!Y^X!d.")'!?8@g08E8!K"7"&".)!#%6$)"6(4!P.F.-%+('".)!;+.>%6'&! !!Y^Y!

! ! !!!!!SECTION B – ABSTRACTS

Y9!!S%)%+(4!<")643*"):!4()*!3&%=! !!Y^e!e9!!#&%'&%!5".4.:,!

<(=!H%(+"):!.1!'&%'&%!14"%&!!!!!!!!! F!!<5=!#(U.)./,D!()('./,D!-$,&".4.:,D!5".6$%/"&'+,! !!Y^[!<6=!K"&'+"53'".)D!%6.4.:,D!5%$(7".3+D!-.-34('".)!&'3*"%&! !Y^_!

[9!!#&%'&%!6.)'+.4!<")643*"):!%)7"+.)/%)'(4!&"*%!%11%6'&=!! Y^j!`9!!E-"*%/".4.:,W!7%6'.+F$.&'!()*!7%6'.+F-(+(&"'%!")'%+(6'".)&! !!!!F!^9!!J3/()!'+,-().&./"(&"&!

<(=!V3+7%"44()6%! Y^\!<5=!;('$.4.:,!()*!"//3).4.:,! F!<6=!#+%('/%)'! Y]e!

]9!!8)"/(4!'+,-().&./"(&"&!<(=!V3+7%,!()*!*"&'+"53'".)! Y]^!<5=!;('$.4.:,!()*!"//3).4.:,! Y_X!<6=!#+,-().'.4%+()6%! Y_[!<*=!#+%('/%)'! Y_^!

_9!!EU-%+"/%)'(4!'+,-().&./"(&"&!<(=!K"(:).&'"6&! !!!!Y_]!<5=!;('$.4.:,!()*!"//3).4.:,! Y__!<6=!P$%/.'$%+(-%3'"6&! Y_\!

j9!!#+,-().&./%!+%&%(+6$!<(=!P34'"7('".)!.1!'+,-().&./%&! !!!!F!<5=!#(U.)./,D!6$(+(6'%+"A('".)!.1!"&.4('%&! YjY!<6=!L"1%!6,64%D!/.+-$.4.:,D!5".6$%/"6(4!()*!/.4%634(+!&'3*"%&! Yje!

!

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eXXe Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly !

! Y`Y

!SECTION A – NEWS

INVITED ESSAY !Genetic diversity and gene flow in morsitans group tsetse flies

E9V9! f+(1&3+9! 0.c(! V'('%! B)"7%+&"',D! 8/%&D! 0.c(! ^XXYYF[eee! BV89! k%M+(1&3+b!"(&'('%%*3l!

#$%!R3%&'".)!.1!$.c!'.!(6$"%7%!%11%6'"7%!4%7%4&!.1!'&%'&%!14,!6.)'+.4!('!1")()6"(44,!()*!%)7"+.)/%)'(44,!(66%-'(54%!6.&'&!"&!-%+%))"(4!()*!6.)'%)'".3&9!E7%)!'$.3:$!'&%'&%!14"%&!(+%!&4.c!'.!+%-+.*36%D!-.-34('".)&!&%%/!'.!+%6.7%+!&..)%+!.+!4('%+!(1'%+!6.)'+.4!/%(&3+%&!(+%!+%4(U%*9!8! :+%('! 6(-(6"',! ()*!-+.-%)&"',! '.!*"&-%+&%! "&! &("*! '.!5%! 6$(+(6'%+"&'"6! .1! '&%'&%!14"%&D! ()*! /(),! %U-%+'&! &3::%&'! '$('! (+%(Fc"*%! 6.)'+.4! /%(&3+%&! ()*! %+(*"6('".)! (+%!3).5'(")(54%! 1.+! '$"&! +%(&.)!(4.)%9!@'$%+&!6.)'%)*! '$('!(+%(Fc"*%!/%'$.*&D! ")643*"):! '$%!&'%+"4%!")&%6'!'%6$)"R3%D!6()!5%!3&%*!&366%&&1344,!'.!(6$"%7%!(!$":$!*%:+%%!.1!6.)'+.49!P()!(!&'3*,!.1!'&%'&%!14,!-.-34('".)!:%)%'"6&!(**!(),'$"):!'.!'$%!.):."):!*%5('%m!0!5%4"%7%!"'!6()9!J%+%T&!c$,9!

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0)! -+")6"-4%D! c%! 6.34*! /%(&3+%! :%)%! 1+%R3%)6"%&! .1! '&%'&%! 14"%&! ")! 'c.! .+! /.+%!-('6$%&!()*!*%+"7%! ")*"6%&!.1!:%)%! 14.c!c"'$")!()*!(/.):! '$%/9!#$"&! "&! '$%!-+.7")6%!.1!-.-34('".)!:%)%'"6&9!E7.43'".)(+,! ")&":$'&!/(,!(4&.!6./%! 1+./!&36$!&'3*"%&D! (&!c%!&$(44!&%%9!I%44!*%7%4.-%*!'$%.+,!'%(6$%&!'$('!'$%!%U6$():%!.1!(--+.U"/('%4,!.)%!+%-+.*36"):!14,!-%+!:%)%+('".)D!.)!(7%+(:%D!"&!&311"6"%)'!'.!-+%7%)'!1"U('".)!.1!:%)%'"6!*"11%+%)6%&!5%'c%%)!-.-34('".)&9!O.+%.7%+D!'$"&!n6+"'"6(4T!/":+('".)!+('%!"&!7"+'3(44,!")*%-%)*%)'!.1!-.-34('".)!&"A%o!I$%'$%+! '$%! n+%(4T!)3/5%+! "&! X9^!.+! e! "&! ).'! 5".4.:"6(44,! &":)"1"6()'! p! ")!-+")6"-4%D!)3/%+"6(44,!4"''4%!:%)%!14.c!6()!.7%+6./%!4.6(4!:%)%'"6!*"11%+%)'"('".)9!0)!'$%.+,D!'$%)D!c%!$(7%!(!-.c%+134!'..4!c"'$!c$"6$!'.!%U(/")%!'$%!).'".)!.1!5".4.:"6(44,!&":)"1"6()'!%U6$():%!.1!'&%'&%!14"%&!5%'c%%)!-('6$%&9!

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Page 9: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

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8).'$%+! &.3+6%! .1! :%)%! *"7%+&"',! "&! /"6+.&('%44"'%! 4.6"9! O"6+.&('%44"'%&! (+%! &$.+'!+%-%'"'"7%! )364%.'"*%! &%R3%)6%&! '$('! 7(+,! ")! )3/5%+D! 1.+! %U(/-4%D! kP8l)D! c$%+%! '$%!)3/5%+!.1!+%-%('&!)!7(+"%&9!KC8!6()!5%!%U'+(6'%*!1+./!+(-"*4,!*+"%*!.+!%'$().4!-+%&%+7%*!14"%&D!'$%+%5,!/(M"):!&(/-4"):!()*!'+()&-.+'!'.!'$%!4(5.+('.+,!%(&"%+9!G3'!/36$!%)%+:,!()*!&M"44!"&!+%R3"+%*!'.!1")*!/"6+.&('%44"'%!4.6"!()*!'.!*%&":)!()*!'%&'!'$%!-+"/%+&!)%6%&&(+,!'.!(/-4"1,!'$%/!")!'$%!-.4,/%+(&%!6$(")!+%(6'".)!<;PH=9!

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V.D!c$('!*.!'$%!*('(!&$.cm!?"+&'D!4%'T&!%U(/")%!*"7%+&"'"%&D!"9%9!/(:)"'3*%&!.1!:%)%'"6!7(+"('".)9! L('%+D! 0T44! *%(4! c"'$! :%)%! 14.c9! K"7%+&"'"%&! ('! /"'.6$.)*+"(4! 4.6"! %&'"/('%! '$%!-+.5(5"4"',! '$('! 'c.! +()*./4,! 6$.&%)! '&%'&%! 14"%&! $(7%! *"11%+%)'! $(-4.',-%&9! ?.+! )364%(+!:%)%&D!*"7%+&"',!6()!5%!%U-+%&&%*!")!'%+/&!.1!'$%!)3/5%+!.1!7(+"()'&!<(44%4%&=!('!%(6$!4.63&!()*! (&! $%'%+.A,:.&"'"%&! p! '$%! -+.-.+'".)! .1! 4.6"! c"'$! *"11%+%)'! <).)F/('6$"):=! (44%4%&9!O"'.6$.)*+"(4!*"7%+&"'"%&D!(7%+(:%*!.7%+!-.-34('".)&D!c%+%!`Y!-%+6%)'!")!G. pallidipesD![^!-%+6%)'!")!G. m. morsitansD!()*!`[!-%+6%)'!")!G. m. submorsitansD!53'!.)4,!ee!-%+6%)'!")!G.m. centralis9! #$%+%! c%+%! "/-.+'()'! 6.)'+(&'&! ")! '$%&%! *"7%+&"'"%&! (/.):! +%:".)(4!-.-34('".)&!'$('!0T44!+%'3+)!'.!4('%+9!

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Page 10: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

eXXe Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly !

! Y`[

n&%4%6'"7%4,!)%3'+(4T=9!#$3&D!")!G. pallidipesD!'$%!)3/5%+!.1!(44%4%&!-%+!4.63&!c(&!7%+,!/36$!:+%('%+! ('! -.4,/.+-$"6! /"6+.&('%44"'%! 4.6"! </%()D! eX9j! -%+! 4.63&=! '$()! ('! -.4,/.+-$"6!(44.A,/%! 4.6"! </%()D! [! -%+! 4.63&=9!O"6+.&('%44"'%! $%'%+.A,:.&"'"%&! <*"7%+&"'"%&=D! (7%+(:%*!.7%+!-.-34('".)&!()*!-.4,/.+-$"6!4.6"D!c%+%!_Y!-%+6%)'!")!G. pallidipesD!_[!-%+6%)'!")!G.m. morsitansD!jY!-%+6%)'!")!G. m. submorsitansD!()*!_X!-%+6%)'!")!G. m. centralis9!

#$%!/(:)"'3*%!.1!:%)%'"6!*"7%+&"',! "&! "/-.+'()'! 1+./!%7.43'".)(+,D!%6.4.:"6(4D! ()*!$"&'.+"6(4! -.")'&! .1! 7"%c9! ?.+! %U(/-4%D! '$%.+,! &$.c&! (! *"+%6'! +%4('".)&$"-! 5%'c%%)!$"&'.+"6(4!-.-34('".)!&"A%&!()*!*"7%+&"',9!#$3&D!'$%!6./-(+('"7%4,!4.c!*"7%+&"'"%&!")!'&%'&%!14"%&!(+%!()!")*"6('".)!'$('!$"&'.+"6(4!/%()!'&%'&%!-.-34('".)!&"A%&!$(7%!5%%)!6.)&"*%+(54,!4%&&! '$()! '$.&%! .1! /(),! K"-'%+(! ()*! P.4%.-'%+(D! ()*! (+%! 6.)&"&'%)'! c"'$! '&%'&%T&! 4.c!+%-+.*36'".)!+('%&9!!

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#$+%%! ")*%-%)*%)'! 4")%&! .1! :%)%'"6! %7"*%)6%! &$.c!(53)*()'! 7(+"('".)! ")!morsitans!:+.3-!'&%'&%!14"%&!()*!'$"&!7(+"('".)!6()!5%!3&%*! '.!%&'"/('%!:%)%!14.c!c"'$")!()*!(/.):!-.-34('".)&9!J.c!6()!'$"&!5%!*.)%m!!

01!:%)%!14.c!"&!3)+%&'+"6'%*D!:%)%!1+%R3%)6"%&!(/.):!-.-34('".)&!c"44!5%!&'('"&'"6(44,!$./.:%)%.3&9!G3'!c$('! *.%&! "'!/%()! "1! '$%,! *"11%+! &":)"1"6()'4,m!8)*!c$,! &$.34*! '$%,!

Page 11: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

!Y``

*"11%+!('!(44D!"1!'$%,!*.!).'!+%&-.)*!'.!)('3+(4!&%4%6'".)!()*!$(7%!(!6.//.)!()6%&'+,m!#$%!()&c%+!"&!'$('!*"11%+%)6%&!")!:%)%!1+%R3%)6"%&!(+"&%!5%6(3&%!'$%!4(c&!.1!6$()6%!.-%+('%!")!'$%!'+()&/"&&".)!.1!(44%4%&!1+./!.)%!:%)%+('".)!'.!'$%!)%U'a!'$3&D!'$%!&/(44%+!'$%!5+%%*"):!-.-34('".)!'$%!:+%('%+!"&!'$%!7(+"()6%!")!:%)%!1+%R3%)6"%&9!#$"&!"&!'%+/%*!n:%)%'"6!*+"1'T!()*!"&! (! /(>.+! %7.43'".)(+,! 1.+6%9! #$%! /(>.+! +%&34'! .1! *+"1'! "&! '$('! :%)%! 1+%R3%)6"%&! .1!-.-34('".)&! '%)*! '.! *"7%+:%! 1+./! %(6$! .'$%+! ")! -+.-.+'".)! '.! '$%"+! "&.4('".)! 1+./! %(6$!.'$%+9! #$%! "&.4('".)! /(,! 5%! &-('"(4D! '%/-.+(4D! 5%$(7".3+(4D! -+%/('"):D! -.&'/('"):D! %'69!@--.&%*! '.! *+"1'! "&! "//":+('".)D! ()*D! (&! c%! $(7%! &%%)D! )3/%+"6(44,! 4"''4%! %U6$():%! .1!+%-+.*36"):!/":+()'&!"&!%11%6'"7%!")!+%7%+&"):!'$%!%11%6'&!.1!*+"1'9!!

I%!6()!*.!5%''%+!'$()!(!&"/-4%!'%&'!1.+!*"11%+%)6%&!5,!/%(&3+"):!'$%!/(:)"'3*%&!.1!*%-(+'3+%&! 1+./! +()*./! /('"):9! #$%! /.&'! 6.//.)4,! 3&%*! ")*%U! .1! *%-(+'3+%&! 1+./!+()*./! /('"):! "&! FD! '$%! &.F6(44%*! ")5+%%*"):! 6.%11"6"%)'9! C.c! F! /(,! 5%! 7"%c%*! (&! (!6.++%4('".)!.1!:%)%&9!0)!'$%.+,D!F!6()!'(M%!7(43%&!1+./!!Y!</('"):&!.)4,!5%'c%%)!3)4"M%=!'.!Y! <4"M%!/('%&!.)4,!c"'$! 4"M%W! 6./-4%'%4,! ")5+%*=9! 0'!/(M%&! &%)&%! '$('! 14"%&! ")!(!-(+'"634(+!4.6('".)!(+%!/.+%!4"M%4,!'.!/('%!c"'$!%(6$!.'$%+!'$()!c"'$!14"%&!")!().'$%+!4.6('".)D!&.!'$%+%!c"44!5%!(!/%(&3+%!.1!*+"1'!'$('!4%(*&!'.!:%)%'"6!*"11%+%)'"('".)9!#$%!64(&&"6(4!%&'"/('%!.1!*+"1'!<.+!:%)%'"6!*"11%+%)'"('".)=!(/.):!-.-34('".)&!"&!'%+/%*!FV#9!#$%!)344!$,-.'$%&"&!"&!FV#!q!X9!S%)%+(44,! &-%(M"):D!FV#! %&'"/('%&! .1!"! X9X^! (+%! 6.)&"*%+%*! '.! ")*"6('%! (! 5".4.:"6(44,!&":)"1"6()'!*%:+%%!.1!*"11%+%)'"('".)9!S%)%'"6!*"11%+%)'"('".)!-+.7"*%&!(!6.)'")3.3&!&6(4%!.1!+%-+.*36'"7%!"&.4('".)D!")!-+")6"-4%!7(+,"):!1+./!A%+.!'.!3)"',9!!

!Gene flow among conspecific tsetse fly populations

E&'"/('%&!.1!FV#!5(&%*!.)!(44.A,/%D!/"'.6$.)*+"(4D!()*!/"6+.&('%44"'%!7(+"('".)!c%+%!6.)&"&'%)'9!0)!G. m. submorsitansD!FV#!#!X9Y_!p!X9[^!<*%-%)*"):!.)!'$%!/%'$.*!.1!()(4,&"&=!(/.):! &%7%)! -.-34('".)&! ")! #$%! S(/5"(! ()*! E'$".-"(D! 53'!FV#! c(&! .)4,! X9XY]! (/.):!&(/-4%&!c"'$")!6.3)'+"%&9!I%!1")*!'$('!FV#!#!X9Yj!(/.):!&"U!G. m. morsitans!-.-34('".)&D!1"7%! .1! c$"6$! .+":")('%*! ")! h(/5"(! ()*! h"/5(5c%9!O.+%! %U'%)&"7%! &(/-4"):! .1!G. m. morsitans!"&!)%6%&&(+,!'.!:%'!()!%&'"/('%!.1!:%)%!14.c!(/.):!14,!5%4'&9!8/.):!&%7%)!G. m. centralis!-.-34('".)&!%U'%)*"):!1+./!#()A()"(!'.!G.'&c()(D!"'!c(&!1.3)*!'$('!FV#!#!X9Y\9!8!/36$!:+%('%+!%&'"/('%!c(&!.5'(")%*!('!/"'.6$.)*+"(4!4.6"D!1.+!c$"6$!FV#!#!X9j_!<+%6(44!'$('!/"'.6$.)*+"(4!4.6"!(+%!/36$!/.+%!&%)&"'"7%!'.!*%/.:+(-$"6!3-$%(7(4&!'$()!(+%!)364%(+!4.6"=9!

Glossina pallidipes! &$.c%*D! (/.):! YY! -.-34('".)&D! (! 7%+,! $":$! *%:+%%! .1!*"11%+%)'"('".)! ('! (44.A,/%! 4.6"! <FV#! #! X9Y\pX9e`D! *%-%)*"):! .)! /%'$.*! .1! ()(4,&"&=D!/"6+.&('%44"'%!<FV#!#!X9e\=D!()*!/"'.6$.)*+"(4!4.6"!<FV#!#!X9^Y=9!V'3*,!+%7%(4%*!'$('!(/.):!).+'$%+)! -.-34('".)&D! /"'.6$.)*+"(4! FV#! #! X9^eD! c$%+%(&! FV#! #! X9ej! (/.):! &.3'$%+)!-.-34('".)&9!O"6+.&('%44"'%! 4.6"! &$.c%*! '$%!&(/%! '+%)*&!53'!(44.A,/%! 4.6"!*"*!).'9!#$%&%!*('(! ")*"6('%! '$('!:%)%'"6!*+"1'!('!(44.A,/%! 4.6"! "&!:+%('4,!*(/-%)%*!()*!-+.7"*%&! 13+'$%+!%7"*%)6%!.1!5(4()6"):! &%4%6'".)! (6'"):!.)! (44.A,/%! 4.6"! <f+(1&3+D!E9V9D! eXXeD!;.-34('".)!&'+36'3+%! .1! '$%! '&%'&%! 14,!Glossina pallidipes! %&'"/('%*! 5,! (44.A,/%D!/"6+.&('%44"'%D! ()*!/"'.6$.)*+"(4!:%)%!*"7%+&"'"%&9!Insect Molecular BiologyD!11D![_F`^=9!!

E&'"/('%&!.1!FV#!6()!5%!6.)7%+'%*!'.!$,-.'$%'"6(4!%&'"/('%&!.1!'$%!/%()!)3/5%+!.1!+%-+.*36"):! .+:()"&/&! %U6$():%*! -%+! :%)%+('".)D!Nm9! #$%! /('$%/('"6(4! +%4('".)&$"-! "&!*%6%-'"7%4,!&"/-4%!()*!%)'("4&!/(),!(&&3/-'".)&D!53'!Nm!6()!-+.7"*%!3&%134!-%+&-%6'"7%!5,! ")*"6('"):! '$%! (/.3)'! .1! :%)%! 14.c! ")! &"/-4%! '%+/&9! #$%! /%()&D! '(M%)! .7%+! (44!-.-34('".)&D!c%+%!%U6$():%&!.1!Y9Y!+%-+.*36'"7%&!-%+!:%)%+('".)!(/.):!G. m. morsitansD!

Page 12: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

eXXe Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly !

! Y`^

X9X`pY9Y! (/.):! G. m. centralis! <5(&%*! .)! /"6+.&('%44"'%! 7&9! /"'.6$.)*+"(4! 4.6"D!+%&-%6'"7%4,=D!X9^pY9e!(/.):!G. m. submorsitansD!()*!X9]pX9j!(/.):!G. pallidipes9!O.&'!.1!'$%!1.+%:."):!%&'"/('%&!*.!).'!*"11%+!:+%('4,!1+./!YD!'$('!"&D!'$%!n6+"'"6(4T!(/.3)'!.1!:%)%!14.c!5%4.c!c$"6$!:%)%'"6!*+"1'!6()!-+.6%%*!'.!1"U('".)!.1!*"11%+%)'!:%).',-%&!")!*"11%+%)'!-.-34('".)&9!O.&'! ")&%6'! &-%6"%&! &$.c!Nm!7(43%&! '$('!7(+,! 1+./! 1"7%!.+! '%)! '.!$3)*+%*&!()*!'$.3&()*&9!

#$%!$":$!*%:+%%!.1!:%)%'"6!*"11%+%)'"('".)!(/.):!morsitans!:+.3-! '&%'&%! ")!:%)%+(4!()*!G. pallidipes! ")! -(+'"634(+! "&! &3+-+"&"):! c$%)! %6.4.:"6(4! ()*! %U-%+"/%)'(4! *('(! (+%!6.)&"*%+%*9!Glossina pallidipes! "&!$":$4,!/.5"4%!p!")*%%*D!"'!"&!&("*!'.!5%!'$%!/.&'!7(:"4%!'&%'&%9!0!&$(44!+%'3+)!'.!'$%!6.)'+(&'!5%'c%%)!%6.4.:"6(4!()*!:%)%'"6(4!%7"*%)6%&!4('%+9!

!Gene flow within populations

S%).',-"6! 1+%R3%)6"%&D! ")! '%+/&!.1! %U-%6'%*!()*!.5&%+7%*!$%'%+.A,:.&"'"%&D! 6()!5%!3&%*! '.! '%&'! $,-.'$%&"&! '$('! /('"):&! (+%! +()*./! c"'$")! -.-34('".)&9! ?.+! %U(/-4%D! (!*%1"6"%)6,! .1! $%'%+.A,:.'%&! c"'$")! (! -.-34('".)! "&! %7"*%)6%! '$('! 'c.! .+! /.+%! *%/%&! .1!*"11%+%)'! :%)%! 1+%R3%)6"%&! c%+%! &(/-4%*a! '$"&! 6()! $(--%)! c$%)! &(/-4%&! 1+./! *"11%+%)'!4.6('".)&! (+%! -..4%*9! #$%! 6$"%1! %&'"/('.+! "&! F0V! <")5+%%*"):! F! 1.+! ")*"7"*3(4&! 0! ")! V!<&35=-.-34('".)&=9! V(/-4"):!morsitans! :+.3-! '&%'&%! ")*"6('%*! '$('! /('"):&!c%+%! +()*./!c"'$")!-.-34('".)&9!V36$!*('(!")*"6('%!).!4(+:%!&6(4%!"//":+('".)9!!

!What may we conclude?

?"+&'D!c"'$! 'c.! "/-.+'()'! %U6%-'".)&D! '$%! 1.+%:."):!*('(!.)!:%)%!*"7%+&"'"%&!*.!).'!")*"6('%!:%)%'"6(44,!*%'%6'(54%!5.''4%)%6M&!")!-.-34('".)!&"A%&9!#$%!%U6%-'".)&!6.)6%+)!G.m. centralis! ")! G.'&c()(! ()*! G. pallidipes! ")! h"/5(5c%! c$%+%! '$%! $"&'.+"6(4! +%6.+*!&3::%&'&!'$('!&36$!5.''4%)%6M&!.663++%*!")!G. morsitans!&949!()*!G. pallidipesD!*3%!'.!$.&'!()"/(4!+%*36'".)!6(3&%*!5,!'$%!+")*%+-%&'!.3'5+%(M9!#$%!&(/%!+")*%+-%&'!%-"A..'"6&!&c%-'!'$+.3:$!E(&'!()*!I%&'!81+"6(D!53'!'$%!:%)%'"6!*('(!&3::%&'!'$('!'&%'&%!-.-34('".)&!c%+%!).'!&.!:+%('4,!(11%6'%*!(&!")!&.3'$%+)!81+"6(9!!

V%6.)*D! '&%'&%! -.-34('".)&! (+%! $":$4,! &'+36'3+%*! 5,! :%)%'"6! *+"1'D! c"'$! &3+-+"&"):4,!4"''4%! :%)%! 14.c! (/.):! '$%/D! (! &%%/"):4,! 63+".3&! +%&34'! 6.)&"*%+"):! '$%! c%44! M).c)!-+.-%)&"',! 1.+! '&%'&%! 14"%&! '.! *"&-%+&%9!O.+%.7%+D! 6./-(+(54%!c.+M! .)! .'$%+!K"-'%+(! ()*!/(),!%6.)./"6(44,!()*!/%*"6(44,!"/-.+'()'! ")&%6'&!:%)%+(44,!&$.c!/36$!$":$%+!+('%&!.1!:%)%!14.c!'$()!'$.&%!+%6.+*%*!")!'&%'&%9!#$%!4"'%+('3+%!&3::%&'&!1+.)'(4!(*7()6%&!.1!'&%'&%!-.-34('".)&!(7%+(:"):!^!'.!_!M/!,%(+4,9!!

J.c! 6()! '$%! 1.+%:."):! 6.)'+(*"6'".)! 5%! +%&.47%*m! 8+%! '$%! :%)%'"6! *('(! 1(34',! .+D!/.+%! 4"M%4,D! "&! '$%"+! ")'%+-+%'('".)! &"/-4,! c+.):m! S%)%'"6! ()(4,&"&! "&! 53"4'! .)! J(+*,FI%")5%+:! (&&3/-'".)&! c$"6$! (+%! +(+%4,! &('"&1"%*!c$%)! *%(4"):!c"'$! )('3+(4! -.-34('".)&!()*! (+%! 6%+'(")4,! ")(--4"6(54%! '.! '&%'&%9! 01! '&%'&%! -.-34('".)&! (+%! +%6.7%+"):! 1+./! %(+4"%+!&%7%+%! 5.''4%)%6M&! ()*! *"&+3-'"7%! -.-34('".)! 1+(:/%)'('".)&D! '$%,! c.34*! ).'! 5%! ('!/3'('".)F*+"1'!%R3"4"5+"3/D!()*!6.)643&".)&!5(&%*!.)!()!(&&3/-'".)!.1!%R3"4"5+"3/!6.34*!5%! ")! %++.+9! V'('"&'"6(4! '%&'&! 1.+! %R3"4"5+"3/D! $.c%7%+D! -+.7"*%! ).! %7"*%)6%! '$('! '$%!(&&3/-'".)!"&!1(4&%9!!

C('3+(4! &%4%6'".)! .11%+&! ().'$%+! +('".)(4"A('".)! 1.+! '$%! (--(+%)'! 6.)'+(*"6'".)!5%'c%%)!%6.4.:"6(4!()*!:%)%'"6(4!6.)643&".)&9! 0)!-+")6"-4%D! '&%'&%! 1(+! +%/.7%*! 1+./!'$%"+!$./%! '%++"'.+"%&! /(,! 5%! ('! (! &":)"1"6()'! +%-+.*36'"7%! *"&(*7()'(:%9! 8*(-'('".)! '.! 4.6(4!%)7"+.)/%)'&!/(,!5%!)%6%&&(+,!()*!/.&'!"//":+()'&!/(,!*"%!c"'$.3'!"&&3%9!!

Page 13: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

!Y`]

I%! (4&.! &$.34*! 6.)&"*%+! &6(4%9! E6.4.:"6(4! *('(! -%+'(")! '.! *"&'()6%&! ")! '%)&! .1!M"4./%'+%&9!#$%!:%)%'"6!&(/-4"):!&3//(+"A%*!$%+%!")7.47%*!*"&'()6%&!+():"):!1+./!'%)&!'.!'$.3&()*&!.1!M"4./%'+%&9!O%()&!'(M%)!.7%+!&(/-4%&!'$('!7(+,!&.!:+%('4,!")!*"&'()6%!(+%!(-'!'.!5%!/"&4%(*"):!5%6(3&%!'$%!+%4('".)&$"-!5%'c%%)!Nm!()*!FV#!"&!).)4")%(+9!G3'!-("+c"&%!-.-34('".)! %&'"/('%&! &$.c! 6.++%4('".)&! 5%'c%%)! :%)%'"6! ()*! :%.:+(-$"6(4! *"&'()6%&! ()*!'$%,!(4&.!:%)%+(44,!6.)1"+/! '$%! 4.c!+('%&!.1!:%)%! 14.c9!#$"&! "&!%)6.3+(:"):!5%6(3&%! 4.c!+('%&!.1!:%)%! 14.c!&3--.+'! '$%!6.)6%-'!.1! (+%(Fc"*%!6.)'+.4D! ()*!-+%*"6'! 4.c! +('%&!.1! +%F6.4.)"A('".)! .1! $(5"'('! 4.&'! '.! '&%'&%9! 0)! -+")6"-4%D! '$%! &'%+"4%! ")&%6'! '%6$)"R3%! <V0#=!")7.47"):!&'%+"4%!14,!+%4%(&%&!5,!("+6+(1'!/(,!c%44!-+.7%! '.!5%!/.+%!%11%6'"7%! ")! +%*36"):!)('3+(4!-.-34('".)&!'$()!(+%!'+(-&D!'(+:%'&D!()*!'(+:%'%*!&-+(,&!5%6(3&%!4(+:%+!(+%(&!6()!5%!'+%('%*!3)"1.+/4,!()*!%11"6(6".3&4,9!8)*!+%4%(&%*D!&'%+"4%!/(4%&!/(,!'3+)!.3'! '.!5%!/36$!/.+%! %11%6'"7%! ")! 1")*"):! &/(44D! $(+*F'.F+%(6$! '&%'&%! 1.6"! '$()! (+%! %)'./.4.:"&'&D! +3+(4!&.6".4.:"&'&D!%6.)./"&'&D!()*!&'(M%$.4*%+&!%7%+,c$%+%9!!

L%'T&!5%(+!")!/")*!'$('!:%)%'"6!()*!%6.4.:"6(4!+%&%(+6$!/%(&3+%!*"11%+%)'!'$"):&!'$('!(+%!).'!&'+"6'4,!6./-(+(54%a!")*%%*D!'$%!6.)'+(&'!5%'c%%)!%6.4.:"6(4!()*!:%)%'"6!*"&-%+&(4&!/(,!5%! 4%&&! ")!-+(6'"6%! '$()! ")! '$%.+,9!?3+'$%+! +%&%(+6$!).c!3)*%+c(,!&$.34*!5+"):! ")'.!5%''%+! 1.63&! +%4('".)&$"-&! 5%'c%%)! :%.:+(-$"6(4! *"&'()6%&D! :%)%'"6! *"&'()6%&D! ()*D! 7"(!-$,&".4.:"6(4! (*(-'('".)D! '$%! -.&&"5"4"',! .1! )('3+(4! &%4%6'".)! ")! %U-4(")"):! '$%! 5+%%*"):!&'+36'3+%!.1!'&%'&%!14"%&9!!

8&!1.+!(+%(Fc"*%!6.)'+.4D! ")!/,!.-")".)!%U-%+"/%)'(4!&'%+"4%!14,!+%4%(&%&!.7%+! 4(+:%!(+%(&!&$.34*!1"+&'!5%!/(*%!")!.+*%+!'.!4%(+)!&./%'$"):!.1!")'%+(6'".)&!5%'c%%)!+%4%(&%*!()*!c"4*!14"%&!")!'%+/&!.1!&'%+"4%!/('"):!+('%&!()*!'(+:%'!-.-34('".)!+%&-.)&%&!'.!n5"+'$!6.)'+.4T9!P.)1.3)*"):!'+%('/%)'&!*%&":)%*!'.!/(U"/"A%!&'%+"4%! '.!c"4*!+('".&!&$.34*!5%!(7."*%*!")!&36$!%U-%+"/%)'&9!L('%+D!'+%('/%)'!5,!V0#!.1!%)'"+%!-('6$%&D!(&!*%1")%*!5,!&('%44"'%!"/(:%+,!()*!:+.3)*! +%6.))("&&()6%D!/":$'!-+.7"*%! 4%7%4&!.1!6.)'+.4! '$('!c.34*!%)*3+%! 1.+!/(),D!/(),!,%(+&9!!

!Acknowledgement9! #$"&! -(-%+! .1! '$%! 0.c(! 8:+"634'3+%! ()*! J./%! E6.)./"6&!

EU-%+"/%)'! V'('".)D! 8/%&D! 0.c(D! ;+.>%6'! ]^\eD! c(&! &3--.+'%*! 5,! BV;JV! S+()'! 80F^e`^]XYD!J('6$!86'D!()*!V'('%!.1!0.c(!13)*&9!

!!

REGISTRATION FOR THE 27th MEETING OF THE ISCTRC, PRETORIA

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Page 14: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

eXXe Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly !

! Y`_

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!ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL

FACTORS IN THE RESEARCH AND CONTROL OF TRYPANOSOMIASIS !

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! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

!Y`j

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Page 16: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

eXXe Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly !

! Y`\

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AND TRYPANOSOMOSIS CONTROL/ERADICATION IN WEST AFRICA !#$%!1.44.c"):!"&!(!*+(1'!&3//(+,!.1!(!-.&"'".)!-(-%+!$(7"):!'$%!(5.7%! '"'4%D!5,!K+!

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#$%! '%+/&! .1! +%1%+%)6%! 1.+! '$"&! c.+M! c%+%! '.! -+.*36%! %6.)./"6! :3"*%4")%&! 1.+!-4())%+&! ")! '$%! '&%'&%g'+,-().&./.&"&! 1"%4*D! (66.+*"):4,! "'! "&! (+:3%*! '$('! ")! '$%! 63++%)'!")&'"'3'".)(4! 6.)'%U'D! %(6$! ")*"7"*3(4! -+.>%6'! .+! A.)%! &$.34*! 5%! '$%! &35>%6'! .1! (! &%-(+('%!5%)%1"'F6.&'!()(4,&"&D!&.!'$('!"'!"&!(&&%&&%*!.)!"'&!.c)!/%+"'&D!).'!.)!"'&!-.&&"54%!'%6$)"6(4!6.)'+"53'".)! '.! (! -.'%)'"(4! 6.)'")%)'Fc"*%! -+.:+(//%9! #$"&! (:(")! "&! -(+'! .1! &.3)*!%6.)./"6!-+(6'"6%9!#$%! &%''"):!.3'! .1!5%)%1"'&! ()*! 6.&'&! (66.+*"):! '.! '$%! +34%&!.1!-(+'"(4!()(4,&"&!"&!%U-4(")%*!1.+!'$%!6(&%!.1!'&%'&%!()*!'+,-().&./.&"&!6.)'+.49!#$"&!*"&63&&".)D!")!-(+'"634(+D! %/-$(&"&%&! '$%! "/-.+'()6%! .1! ")6.+-.+('"):! 1(+/%+&T! 63++%)'! &'+('%:"%&! '.!6.)'+.4! '$%!*"&%(&%! ")'.! '$%!()(4,&"&9!V'3*"%&!$(7%! &$.c)! '$('! ")!/(),!(+%(&! '$%"+!3&%!.1!'+,-().6"*%&!"&!%11%6'"7%a! '$"&!/%()&!'$('!(!-+.-.+'".)!.1!*"&%(&%!4.&&%&!(+%!(4+%(*,!5%"):!&366%&&1344,!(7."*%*9!#$%!5%)%1"'&! 1+./! ")'+.*36"):! '&%'&%!6.)'+.4! ")! '$"&!&"'3('".)!c.34*!).'!5%! '$%!%4"/")('".)!.1!(44!-.&&"54%! 4.&&%&!*3%! '.! '+,-().&./.&"&D!53'!c.34*!6.)&"&'!.1!&(7"):&!")!'$%!3&%!.1!'+,-().6"*%&!-43&!(!13+'$%+!+%*36'".)!")!'$%!4.&&%&!*3%!'.!'$%!*"&%(&%9!8!*,)(/"6!$%+*!/.*%4! ")6.+-.+('"):!()"/(4! '+(6'".)! "&!3&%*! '.!&"/34('%! '$%!5%)%1"'&!()*!6.&'&! .1! '&%'&%! %+(*"6('".)D! '+,-().6"*%! 3&%D! ()*! '$%! &c"'6$! 1+./! .)%! '.! '$%! .'$%+9! #$"&!"/-4"%&! '$('!1(+/%+&T!63++%)'!&'+('%:,!.1! '(+:%'"):!-+.*36'"7%!()"/(4&!5+"):&!$":$!+%'3+)&9!#&%'&%!6.)'+.4!5%6./%&!/.+%!-+.1"'(54%!")!$":$%+!6$(44%):%!(+%(&!"1!&311"6"%)'4,!4(+:%!6(''4%!

Page 17: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

!Y^X

-.-34('".)&! %U"&'! '.!/(M%!3-! '$%! n5%)%1"'! 3)"'&T! -%+! &R3(+%!M"4./%'+%! ()*!c$%+%! '$%+%! "&!%7"*%)6%!.1!*+3:!+%&"&'()6%9!!

V%6.)*4,D!1+./!'$"&!*"&63&&".)!.)!/%'$.*.4.:,D!"'!"&!(+:3%*!'$('!'$%+%!"&!(!)%%*!1.+!-4())%+&! '.! (*.-'! (! &'()*(+*"&%*! ()*! '+()&-(+%)'! (--+.(6$! 1.+! (&&%&&"):! '&%'&%! ()*!'+,-().&./.&"&!6.)'+.4!&6$%/%&9!#$"&!c.34*!("/!1"+&'4,!'.!5%!6.&'F%11%6'"7%!()*!&%6.)*4,!'.!-+.*36%!+%&34'&!1.+!*"11%+%)'!-+.>%6'&! '$('!6.34*!5%!6./-(+%*!()*!3&%*!1.+!+()M"):!()*!-+".+"',! &%''"):9! 0)! '$"&! 6.)'%U'! '$%+%! "&! ()!3+:%)'!)%%*! 1.+!3-*('%*! ()*! 1344,! 6./-(+(54%!6.&'"):&! .)! '$%! 7(+".3&! 1.+/&!.1! '&%'&%! 6.)'+.4D! (&! '$%,!c.34*! (--4,! ")!I%&'!81+"6(! ()*!")643*"):!.7%+$%(*&D!&.!'$('!'$%,!6()!5%!(--4"%*!5,!-4())%+&9!

#$"+*4,D!'$%!-(-%+!'+"%&!'.!6./-4%/%)'!'$%!S0V!c.+M!.)!'$%!&-('"(4!*"&'+"53'".)!.1!'$%!1(6'.+&! ")143%)6"):! '$%! %6.)./"6&D! ()*! '$%! -+%*"6'".)&! .1! '$%! 4"M%4,! +('%&! .1! 6$():%&D! 5,!4..M"):! ('! '$%! *,)(/"6&! .1! 5%)%1"'&! ()*! 6.&'&! .7%+! '"/%D! %&-%6"(44,! ")! +%4('".)! '.! '$%!*%)&"'"%&!.1!$3/()!()*!6(''4%!-.-34('".)&9!8!6.)6%-'3(4!/.*%4!&$.c&!'&%'&%!6.)'+.4!6.&'&!1(44"):!c"'$! +"&"):! $3/()! -.-34('".)&9! G%)%1"'&D! $.c%7%+D! ")"'"(44,! +"&%D! '$%)! -%(M!c$%)!/"U%*!1(+/"):!"&!c%44!%&'(54"&$%*!53'!'&%'&%!6$(44%):%!-%+&"&'&D!()*!4(&'4,D!1(44!c$%)!$3/()!-.-34('".)&!+"&%!'.!(! 4%7%4!c$%+%!'$%!14,T&!$(5"'('!5%6./%&!%+.*%*!()*g.+!1%c%+!6(''4%!(+%!M%-'9!#$"&!-.")'&!'.!'$%!%U"&'%)6%!.1!'c.!'3+)"):!-.")'&!")!'$%!%6.)./"6&!.1!'&%'&%!6.)'+.4W!1"+&'4,D! 5%4.c! (! 6%+'(")! 6(''4%! .+! $3/()! -.-34('".)! *%)&"',! '$%+%! (+%! ")&311"6"%)'! 5%)%1"'!3)"'&! '.!/(M%! "'!-+.1"'(54%a! ()*!&%6.)*4,D!(5.7%!(!6%+'(")! 4%7%4D! 14,!6$(44%):%! "&! +%*36%*D!4.&&%&!*3%!'.!'$%!*"&%(&%!*%64")%D!()*!6(''4%!)3/5%+&!/(,!(4&.!5%!4.c%+!(&!'$%!(/.3)'!.1!:+(A"):!4()*!"&!+%*36%*9!#$"&!/.*%4!"&!3&%*!'.!6$(+(6'%+"&%!&"'3('".)&!c$%+%!6.)'+.44"):!'$%!*"&%(&%! /(,! .+! /(,! ).'! 5%! -+.1"'(54%9! #$%&%! &"'3('".)&! ()*! '$%! -+.1"'(5"4"',! 4"/"'&! .+!'3+)"):! -.")'&! "*%)'"1"%*! 6.")6"*%! '.! (! 4(+:%! %U'%)'! c"'$! '$.&%! %/%+:"):! 1+./! '$%! S0V!-+".+"',F&%''"):! %U%+6"&%&9! #$%! 'c.! (--+.(6$%&! '$3&! 7%+,! /36$! 6./-4%/%)'! %(6$! .'$%+D!&3::%&'"):! '$('! '$%! %6.)./"6! (--+("&(4&! &$.34*! 1.63&! .)! '$.&%! A.)%&! '$('! %/%+:%! (&!-+".+"',!(+%(&!1+./!'$%!S0V!1"4'%+"):!-+.6%&&9!!!

MORE THAN 100 000 PEOPLE AFFECTED BY SLEEPING SICKNESS IN ANGOLA

!V4%%-"):! &"6M)%&&! (11%6'&! YXX! XXX! -%.-4%! ")! 8):.4(D! '$%! *"+%6'.+! .1! '$%! 6.3)'+,w&!

0)&'"'3'%!1.+!'$%!E+(*"6('".)!.1!#+,-().&./"(&"&D!#%.1"4.!d.&%)()*.D!$(&!+%7%(4%*9!!d.&%)()*.!'.4*!;8C8!")!L3()*(!'$('!'$%!6.3)'+,w&!4.):!6"7"4!c(+!c(&!'.!54(/%!1.+!

'$%! (4(+/"):! &-+%(*! .1! '$%! *"&%(&%D!c$.&%! -+%7(4%)6%! &$.'! 3-! 1+./!X9X]! -%+6%)'! k.1! '$%!-.-34('".)l!'%)!,%(+&!(:.!'.!YX!-%+6%)'!).c9!

#&%'&%! 14"%&! <Glossina=! %U"&'! ")!Y`!.1!8):.4(w&!Yj!-+.7")6%&a! &4%%-"):! &"6M)%&&! "&! (!$%(4'$! -+.54%/! ")!G%):.D!f3()A(FC.+'%D!fc()A(FV34D!O(4()>%D!B">%D!h("+%D! ()*!L3()*(!-+.7")6%&9!V./%!e_!XXX!6(&%&!.1!&4%%-"):!&"6M)%&&D!")643*"):!`!XXX!")!L3()*(D!'$%!6(-"'(4D!$(7%! 5%%)! +%-.+'%*! &")6%! 1":$'"):! +%&3/%*! ")! Y\\eD! d.&%)()*.! &("*D! (**"):! '$('! $"&!")&'"'3'%! )%%*&! ('! 4%(&'! BV! x^! /"44".)! -%+! ,%(+! '.! 6./5('! '$%! *"&%(&%9! #$%! 13)*&! (+%!+%R3"+%*!'.!1")()6%!'$%!.-%+('".)&!.1!ee!/.5"4%!()*!`[!1"U%*!'%(/&!()*!'.!53,!'$%!+%R3"+%*!-+.*36'&9!

866.+*"):! '.! d.&%)()*.D! '+,-().&./"(&"&! c"44! 5%! %+(*"6('%*! .)4,! "1! '$%+%! "&!&"/34'()%.3&!'+%('/%)'!.1!'$%!*"&%(&%!")!8):.4(D!'$%!K%/.6+('"6!H%-354"6!.1!P.):.D!()*!V3*()D! c$%+%! "'! "&! c"*%&-+%(*9! 84'$.3:$! &4%%-"):! &"6M)%&&! $(&! 5%%)! -+%&%)'! ")! 8):.4(!&")6%!'$%!\'$!6%)'3+,D!"'!c(&!.)4,!")!Y\`\!'$('!/.5"4%!'+%('/%)'!'%(/&!&'(+'%*!7"&"'"):!'$%!

Page 18: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

eXXe Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly !

! Y^Y

(11%6'%*! +%:".)&9! V")6%! '$('! %+(D! '$%! &"'3('".)! "/-+.7%*! 6.)&"*%+(54,D! ()*! '$%! )3/5%+! .1!6(&%&!c(&!+%*36%*!1+./!^!XXX!'.!.)4,![!")!Y\_`9!J.c%7%+D!'$%!.3'5+%(M!.1!6"7"4!c(+!(1'%+!'$%!6.3)'+,w&!")*%-%)*%)6%!")!C.7%/5%+!Y\_^!&%7%+%4,!$(/-%+%*!'$%!0)&'"'3'%w&!(6'"7"'"%&9!0'&!")1+(&'+36'3+%!c(&!*%&'+.,%*!.+!-43)*%+%*D!c$"4%!/.&'!%U-%+'&!14%*!(5+.(*9!8'!'$%!%)*!.1!'$%!6"7"4!c(+!")!8-+"4!eXXeD!'$%!")&'"'3'%!*%6"*%*!'.!%U'%)*!"'&!.-%+('".)&!'.!(44!'$%!(11%6'%*!-+.7")6%&!")!'$%!6.3)'+,D!d.&%)()*.!&("*9!!

JOINT FAO/IAEA DIVISION TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION PROJECTS !

#$%!d.")'!?8@g08E8!K"7"&".)!.1!C364%(+!#%6$)"R3%&!")!?..*!()*!8:+"634'3+%D!()*!'$%! ?8@g08E8! 8:+"634'3+%! ()*! G".'%6$).4.:,! L(5.+('.+,D! V%"5%+*.+1D! 08E8D! N"%))(D!$(7%! 4"&'%*! '$%! .):."):! #%6$)"6(4! P.F.-%+('".)! ;+.>%6'&! +%4('"):! '.! '&%'&%! ()*!'+,-().&./"(&"&! 6.)'+.4D! ")! '$%! 0)&%6'! ;%&'! P.)'+.4! C%c&4%''%+! C.9^\D! d34,! eXXe9! #$%!+%(*%+!"&!+%1%++%*!'.!'$"&!C%c&4%''%+!1.+!1344%+!*%'("4&D!(&!'$%!4"&'!5%4.c!*.%&!).'!)%6%&&(+"4,!6.7%+!(44!'$%!(6'"7"'"%&!.1!'$%!+%&-%6'"7%!-+.>%6'&9!

E#Jg^gXYeW!Integrating SIT for Tsetse Eradication9!#$"&!&3--.+'&!'$%!6.)&'+36'".)!.1!(!/.*%+)!/(&&F+%(+"):!1(6"4"',!1.+!Glossina!pallidipes9!

fECg^gXeeW! Integrated Area-Wide Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Management in Lambwe Valley9!J":$!/.+'(4"',!('!(!4.6(4!G. pallidipes!6.4.),!"&!5%"):!")7%&'":('%*D!'.!'+(6%!'$%!&.3+6%!.1!'$%!-+.54%/9!

OL0g^gXY_W!Integrated Control of Animal Trypanosomosis through creation of a Tsetse Fly Free Zone9! 0)'%)&"7%! ()*! %U'%)&"7%! &3+7%,&! 1.+!Glossina!palpalis!gambiensis! (+%!3)*%+!c(,!")!'$%!L(!?(,(!V,&'%/!<.1!'$%!H"7%+!C":%+!5(&")=!")!O(4"a!'$%!+%&34'&!c"44!5%!3&%*!'.!*%7%4.-!(!14,!&3--+%&&".)!&'+('%:,9!!

H8?g^gX^YW! SIT for Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Management in Africa9! #%6$)"6(4!(&&"&'()6%!()*!%R3"-/%)'!(+%!-+.7"*%*!1.+!(!)%c!'&%'&%!+%(+"):!1(6"4"',!('!P0HKEVD!")!.+*%+!'.!-+.*36%!14"%&!1.+!3&%!")!'$%!O(4"!-+.>%6'!<&%%!(5.7%=9!

V8?g^gXX^W! Situation Analysis of the Feasibility and Desirability of Tsetse Fly Eradication9! V(/-4%&! .1!Glossina! brevipalpis! $(7%! 5%%)! &$"--%*! '.! V.3'$!81+"6(! '.!&'(+'!(!6.4.),!'$%+%!<8HPF@N0D!;+%'.+"(=9!?"%4*F6.44%6'%*!G. brevipalpis!()*!G. austeni!c"44!(4&.!5%!'+()&1%++%*!'.!'$"&!")&%6'(+,9!

BH#g^gXY\W!Support to National Tsetse and Trypanosomosis ManagementW!#&%'&%!<G. brevipalpis=!()*!'+,-().&./.&"&!(+%!5%"):!&3+7%,%*!.)!O(1"(!0&4()*9!EU'%)&".)&!'.!'$%!%U"&'"):! '&%'&%! +%(+"):! 1(6"4"',! ('! #():(! (+%! 3)*%+! c(,D! 1.+! '$"&! '.! 5%6./%! +%:".)(4!6%)'+%!1.+!'$%!+%(+"):!.1!*"11%+%)'!&-%6"%&!.1!14,9!

BS8g^gXe[W! Integrated Sterile Insect Technique Based Intervention against Tsetse in Buvuma Island9! 0)&%6'(+"%&! ('! '$%! L"7%&'.6M! H%&%(+6$! 0)&'"'3'%D! #.+.+.D! (+%! '.! 5%!3-:+(*%*D! ()*! (! Glossina! fuscipes! fuscipes! 6.4.),! c"44! 5%! %&'(54"&$%*9! 8! &'+('%:"6!-+.:+(//%!*.63/%)'!$(&!5%%)!-+%-(+%*D!.3'4")"):!(!&'+('%:,!1.+!'$%!6+%('".)!.1!(!'&%'&%!1+%%!A.)%!(+.3)*!'$%!L(M%!N"6'.+"(!V$.+%9!

#$%! ")'%+%&'%*! +%(*%+! /(,! (4&.! c"&$! '.! +%1%+! '.! $''-Wggccc9"(%(9.+:g-+.:+(//%&g!)(1(g*`g")*%U9$'/4D!()*!$''-Wggccc91(.9.+:gI80PEC#g8:+"6349$'/9!

Page 19: DFID - Food and Agriculture Organization · 2021. 2. 9. · ISSN 0142-193X Cirad-emvt TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS INFORMATION QUARTERLY Volume 25 Part 4, 2002 Numbers 12387–12484

Y! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

! Y^e

SECTION B - ABSTRACTS !

!1. GENERAL (INCLUDING LAND USE)

!kV%%!(4&.!25W!).9!Ye`Y_l!!Ye[j_! Kabayo, J.P., 2002.! 8"/"):! '.! %4"/")('%! '&%'&%! 1+./! 81+"6(9! Trends in

ParasitologyD!18!<YY=W!`_[p`_^9!!

f(5(,.W!;8##EP!P.F.+*")('".)!@11"6%D!@+:()"A('".)!.1!81+"6()!B)"',D!;@!G.U!eXXX[e!8**"&!85(5(D!E'$".-"(9!k>-M9-(''%6b'%4%6./9)%'9%'l!

!#$%! -+.54%/! .1! '&%'&%F'+()&/"''%*! '+,-().&./"(&"&! .663+&! .)4,! ")! &35FV($(+()!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e5!

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e5! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e5!

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e5! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e6!

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4. EPIDEMIOLOGY: VECTOR-HOST AND VECTOR-PARASITE INTERACTIONS

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^(! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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F., Djé, N., N’Siesi, F.X., Bisser, S., Magnus, E., Wouters, I., Konings, J., Vervoort, T., Sultan, F. & Büscher, P., 2002.! 0:O! R3()'"1"6('".)! ")! '$%!6%+%5+.&-")(4! 143"*! .1! &4%%-"):! &"6M)%&&! -('"%)'&! 5,! (! 4('%U! 6(+*! (::43'")('".)!'%&'9!Tropical Medicine and International HealthD!7!<j=W!]j^p]\e9!

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2002.! 81+"6()! &4%%-"):! &"6M)%&&! ")! (! ,.3):! 8/%+"6()! '.3+"&'9! Laboratory MedicineD!33!<YX=W!_j[p_jj9!

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Murray, M., 2002.! J3/()! 81+"6()! '+,-().&./"(&"&W! ;.'%)'"(4! '$%+(-%3'"6!5%)%1"'&! .1! ()! (4'%+)('"7%! &3+(/")! ()*! /%4(+&.-+.4! +%:"/%)9! Parasitology InternationalD!51!<`=W![jYp[jj9!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! ^6!

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^6! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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%):(:"):!1"+/4,!")!"'&!64")"6(4!*%7%4.-/%)'9!;(+')%+&!1+./!'$%!-354"6!()*!-+"7('%!&%6'.+!(+%!(4+%(*,! %):(:%*! ")! >.")'! ")"'"('"7%&! '.! /(")'(")! '$%! -+.*36'".)! .1! 63++%)'! *+3:&9! #$"&!)%'c.+M! &$.34*! :.! 13+'$%+! ()*! 5%! +%&-.)&"54%! 1.+! (&&":)"):! &%4%6'%*! '%(/&! '.! 3+:%)'4,F)%%*%*! +%&%(+6$!-+.>%6'&!c"'$! 13)*&!-+.7"*%*!5,! ")*3&'+,!()*!:.7%+)/%)'&9!8'! '$%! &(/%!'"/%D!.)!(! 4.):! '%+/!5(&"&D! (/5"'".3&! +%&%(+6$!-+.:+(//%&! 1.+!)%c!6./-.3)*&!/3&'!5%!&3--.+'%*!'.!%)&3+%!'$%!&3&'(")(54%!*%7%4.-/%)'!.1!)%c!*+3:&9!!!Ye`YX! Lejon, V., Lardon, J., Kenis, G., Pinoges, L., Legros, D., Bisser, S., N’Siesi, X.,

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! ](!

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]5! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! ]5!

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]5! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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tH%*u!()*!tG4(6Mu!*%)./")('".)&!.1! '$%!I.34(!&,)*+./%!(--%(+! '.!5%! +%4('%*D! +%&-%6'"7%4,D! '.!$(%/.:4.5")3+"(! <H%*=!()*!6,().'"6! (&-%6'! <G4(6M=! .1! (--(+%)'! /36.3&! /%/5+()%&! ")! &"6M! ()"/(4&9!I.34(! per se &":)"1"%&D! ")! 4.6(4! 4():3(:%D! t3)-.-34('%*! +%/.'%! (+%(! 4.6('%*! 1(+! .11! ")! '$%! &(7())($u9!K(&&.!*%&":)('%&!(!).'!c%44F*%1")%*!()"/(4!-('$.4.:"6(4!&'('3&9!I%!).'%!'$('D!")!'$%!6(&%!.1!H%*!()*!G4(6M!I.34(D! '$%!*%&6+"-'".)!.1!(!*%4")%('%*!:%.:+(-$"6!(+%(! "&! ")643*%*!5,! '$%!")*":%).3&!-%.-4%! ")! '$%!*%1")"'".)!.1! '$%&%! 'c.!&,)*+./%&9!#$"&!c.34*! ")*"6('%! '$('! '$%!-('$.:%)&!")7.47%*!(+%!6.)1")%*!'.!*%1")%*!A.)%&9!;+%4"/")(+,!")1.+/('".)!&3::%&'&!'$%&%!&,)*+./%&! (+%! 6(3&%*! 5,! (! 6.//.)! ")1%6'"7%! $(%/.-(+(&"'"6! 6./-4%U! 6./-.&%*! .1!'+,-().&./%&! ()*! '"6MF5.+)%! ()(-4(&/.&"&! ()*g.+! 5(5%&".&"&9! ;%+&-%6'"7%! ")7%&'":('".)&!(+%! )%%*%*! '.! .5'(")! %-"*%/".4.:"6(4! *('(! '.! "*%)'"1,! '$%! /"6+.F.+:()"&/&! ")7.47%*D!*%)&"',! ()*! &%(&.)(4"',! .1! -.'%)'"(4! 7%6'.+&! ()*! '.! (&&%&&! '$%! "/-(6'! .1! '$%! -('$.4.:"6(4!6$(44%):%! ")! .+*%+! '.! &%'! 3-D! "1! )%6%&&(+,D! (*%R3('%! ()*! %6.)./"6(44,! -+.1"'(54%! 6.)'+.4!/%(&3+%&9!!Ye`e^! Ndoutamia, G., Mbakasse, R.N., Brahim, A. & Khadidja, A., 2002.!0)143%)6%!*%!

4(!'+,-().&./.&%!�!T. congolense!&3+!4%&!-(+(/�'+%&!$Q/('.4.:"R3%&D!/")Q+(3U!%'! -+.'Q.FQ)%+:Q'"R3%&! 6$%A! 4%&! 6$�7+%&! &($Q4"%))%&! *3! #6$(*9! k0)143%)6%! .1!Trypanosoma! congolense! ")1%6'".)! .)! &./%! $(%/('.4.:"6(4! ()*! &%+3/!5".6$%/"6(4!-(+(/%'%+&!")!&($%4"()!:.('&9l!Revue de Médecine VétérinaireD!153!<]=W![\^p`XX9!!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! ]6!

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Ye`e]! Taiwo, V.O., Adejinmi, J.O. & Oluwaniyi, J.O., 2002.!C.)F"//3)%!6.)'+.4!.1!'+,-().&./.&"&W! 0)! 7"'+.!.U"*('"7%! 53+&'! .1!;O8F!()*! '+,-().&./%F&'"/34('%*!)%3'+.-$"4&! .1!G.+()! ()*!CTK(/(!6(''4%9!Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary ResearchD!69!<e=W!Y^^pY]Y9!!

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Losson, B. & Geerts, S., 2002.!V3&6%-'"5"4"',!.1! '+,-().'.4%+()'!I%&'!81+"6()!Kc(+1!:.('&!()*!?Y!6+.&&%&!c"'$!'$%!&3&6%-'"54%!V($%4"()!5+%%*!'.!%U-%+"/%)'(4!Trypanosoma congolense!")1%6'".)!()*!")'%+(6'".)&!c"'$!$%4/")'$!")1%6'".)&!()*!*"11%+%)'!4%7%4&!.1!*"%'9!Veterinary ParasitologyD!108!<e=W!YY_pY[]9!

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]6! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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*%/()*!1.+!'+,-().'.4%+()'!6(''4%!")!'$%!&35F$3/"*!A.)%!.1!I%&'!81+"6(9!Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International DevelopmentD!95! <eg[=W!eY[pe[]9!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! ]*!

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P.H., Poetzsch, C.J., Zessin, K.H., Mehlitz, D. & Peregrine, A.S., 2002.!K+3:!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! _5!

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Ye`[[! Radwanska, M., Magez, S., Perry-O’Keefe, H., Stender, H., Coull, J., Sternberg, J.M., Büscher, P. & Hyldig-Nielsen, J.J., 2002.!K"+%6'! *%'%6'".)!()*!"*%)'"1"6('".)!.1!81+"6()!'+,-().&./%&!5,!143.+%&6%)6%!in situ!$,5+"*"A('".)!c"'$! -%-'"*%! )364%"6! (6"*! -+.5%&9! Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyD! 40! <YY=W!`e\^p`e\_9!

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<5=!;8#J@L@Sz!8CK!0OOBC@L@Sz!!kV%%!(4&.!25W!).9!Ye`ejl!!Ye`[`! Noël, W., Gh, G.H., Raes, G., Namangala, B., Daems, I., Brys, L., Brombacher,

F., De Baetselier, P. & Beschin, A., 2002.! 0)1%6'".)! &'(:%F*%-%)*%)'!

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_5! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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/.*34('".)!.1!/(6+.-$(:%!(6'"7('".)!")!Trypanosoma congolenseF+%&"&'()'!()*!F&3&6%-'"54%!/"6%9!Infection and ImmunityD!70!<YY=W!]YjXp]Yj_9!

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congolense! ")! ")1%6'%*! /34'"/(//('%! +('&! <Mastomys! coucha=W! 4":$'! ()*!%4%6'+.)!/"6+.&6.-"6(4!&'3*"%&9!Veterinary!ParasitologyD!105!<`=W![e_p[[]9!

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!0)!()!(''%/-'!'.!*%'%+/")%!c$%'$%+!Trypanosoma congolense!.663+&!5.'$!c"'$")!()*!

.3'&"*%! '$%! 54..*! 7%&&%4&! ")! ()! ")1%6'%*! ()"/(4! $.&'D! /34'"/(//('%! +('&! <Mastomyscoucha=!c%+%! ")1%6'%*!c"'$!T. congolense! ()*! &(/-4%&! 1+./! &-4%%)D! 4,/-$! ).*%&D! 5.)%!/(++.cD!4"7%+D!M"*)%,D!43):&D!5+(")D!$%(+'D!")'%&'")%&D!.7(+"%&!()*!'%&'%&!c%+%!6.44%6'%*9!#$%!'"&&3%!&(/-4%&!c%+%!1"U%*!()*!-+.6%&&%*!1.+!4":$'!()*!%4%6'+.)!/"6+.&6.-"6(4!%U(/")('".)9!0)!(44! '$%!'"&&3%&!%U(/")%*D!'+,-().&./%&!c%+%!1.3)*!.)4,!c"'$")!'$%!43/%)!.1!4(+:%!()*!&/(44! 54..*!7%&&%4&D! 6(-"44(+"%&! ()*! &")3&%&9! 0'! "&! 6.)643*%*! '$('! 1.44.c"):!%)'+,! ")'.! '$%!54..*! 6"+634('".)! (1'%+! ")'+(F-%+"'.)%(4! ")1%6'".)! .1!M. couchaD! T. congolense! +%/(")&!+%&'+"6'%*!'.!'$%!54..*&'+%(/9!!

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! Y_\

!Ye`[]! Olaniyi, M.O., Taiwo, V.O. & Ogunsanmi, A.O., 2001.! J(%/('.4.:,! ()*!

*,)(/"6&! .1! %+,'$+.6,'%! /%/5+()%! &"(4"6! (6"*! 6.)6%)'+('".)! *3+"):!%U-%+"/%)'(4!Trypanosoma congolense!()*!T. brucei!")1%6'".)!.1!&$%%-9!Journal of Applied Animal ResearchD!20!<Y=W!^_p]`9!

!#("c.W! K%-(+'/%)'! .1! N%'%+")(+,! ;('$.4.:,D!B)"7%+&"',! .1! 05(*()D! 05(*()D!C":%+"(9!

!J(%/('.4.:"6(4! 6$():%&! ()*! '$%! *,)(/"6&! .1! %+,'$+.6,'%! /%/5+()%! &"(4"6! (6"*!

6.)6%)'+('".)!c%+%!&'3*"%*!")!&$%%-!%U-%+"/%)'(44,!")1%6'%*!c"'$!Trypanosoma congolense!<G")6$"!G(&&(! &'+(")=! ()*!T. brucei! <L(1"(! &'+(")=9! G.'$! &-%6"%&! .1! '+,-().&./%&! 6(3&%*!7(+,"):!*%:+%%&!.1!-('$.:%)"6"',9!#$%!()(%/"(!c(&!/.+%!&%7%+%!<;!}X9X^=!")!T. brucei!'$()!")!T. congolense! ")1%6'%*!&$%%-9!#$%+%!c(&!&":)"1"6()'!<;!}X9X^=!+%*36'".)!")!%+,'$+.6,'%!/%/5+()%! &3+1(6%! &"(4"6! (6"*! 6.)6%)'+('".)! c"'$! -+.:+%&&".)! .1! ")1%6'".)! ")! 5.'$! T. congolense!()*!T. brucei!")1%6'%*!&$%%-9!!

<6=!PJEO@#JEH8;EB#0PV!!Ye`[_! Ali, H., König, G.M., Khalid, S.A., Wright, A.D. & Kaminsky, R.,

2002.!E7(43('".)!.1!&%4%6'%*!V3*()%&%!/%*"6")(4!-4()'&!1.+!'$%"+!")!7"'+.!(6'"7"',!(:(")&'! $%/.14(:%44('%&D! &%4%6'%*! 5(6'%+"(D! J0NpYp#! ()*! ',+.&")%! M")(&%!")$"5"'.+,D! ()*! 1.+! 6,'.'.U"6"',9! Journal of EthnopharmacologyD! 83! <[=W! eY\peej9!

!f�)":W!0)&'"'3'!1i+!;$(+/(A%3'"&6$%!G".4.:"%D!B)"7%+&"',!.1!G.))D!C3&&(44%%!]D!Kp^[YY^!G.))D!S%+/(),9!k:9M.%)":b3)"F5.))9*%l!

!E'$).5.'()"6(4! ")7%&'":('".)&! 4%*! '.! '$%! &%4%6'".)! .1! Y\! -4()'! &-%6"%&D! 3&%*!

'+(*"'".)(44,! ")! V3*()! (:(")&'! /(4(+"(! ()*! .'$%+! &"/"4(+! '+.-"6(4! *"&%(&%&D! 1.+! 13+'$%+!&'3*"%&9! Pamianthe peruviana! <8/(+,44"*(6%(%=! %U$"5"'%*! &":)"1"6()'! (6'"7"',! (:(")&'! (!6$4.+.R3")%F+%&"&'()'! Plasmodium falciparum! &'+(")! <fY=! ()*! (! 6$4.+.R3")%F&%)&"'"7%!&'+(")! <C?^`=! c"'$! 0P^X! 7(43%&! .1! X9]! ()*! Y9Y! �:g/4D! +%&-%6'"7%4,9! 8**"'".)(44,D! P.peruviana! &$.c%*! 6.)&"*%+(54%! (6'"7"'"%&! (:(")&'!Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense! <0P^X!Y9^! �:g/4=! ()*! T. cruzi! <0P^X! YY9j! �:g/4=9! #$%! ()'"-4(&/.*"(4! (6'"7"',! .1! '$%! *"11%+%)'!%U'+(6'&! .1! Salvadora persica! <V(47(*.+(6%(%=! (:(")&'! P. falciparum! C?^`! &'+(")! c%+%!1.3)*! '.! 5%! X9]! �:g/4! <&'%/&=! ()*! X9_! �:g/4! <4%(7%&=9! EU'+(6'&! .1! *"11%+%)'! -(+'&! .1!Combretum hartmannianum! <P./5+%'(6%(%=! -.&&%&&%*! &":)"1"6()'! (6'"7"',! (:(")&'! '$%!6$4.+.R3")%F&%)&"'"7%!P. falciparum!&'+(")!<C?^`=!c"'$!0P^X!7(43%&!.1!X9e!�:g/4!<5(+M=D!X9`!�:g/4! <&'%/=! ()*!`9[!�:g/4! <4%(7%&=9!O.&'! ")'%+%&'"):4,D! '$%! %U'+(6'&! .1! '$%! 4%(7%&! .1!C.hartmannianum!'.'(44,!")$"5"'%*!'$%!%)A,/%!J0NpY!+%7%+&%!'+()&6+"-'(&%!<J0NpY!H#=!('!(!6.)6%)'+('".)!.1!]]!�:g/49!8!6./-(+(54,!&'+.):!(6'"7"',!(:(")&'!p56lck!',+.&")%!M")(&%!c(&!(4&.!&%%)!1.+!'$"&!%U'+(6'9!!!Ye`[j! D’Silva, C. & Daunes, S., 2002. #$%! '$%+(-%3'"6! -.'%)'"(4! .1! ")$"5"'.+&! .1! '$%!

'+,-().'$".)%! 6,64%! kT. bruceil9!Expert Opinion on Investigational DrugsD! 11!<e=W!eY_pe[Y9!

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_6! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly e^<`=!

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!KTV"47(W! K%-(+'/%)'! .1! P$%/"&'+,! ()*! O('%+"(4&D! #$%! O()6$%&'%+!O%'+.-.4"'()!B)"7%+&"',D! d.$)!K(4'.)! G3"4*"):D! P$%&'%+! V'+%%'9!O()6$%&'%+!OY!^SKD!Bf9!

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K"/")(A%)%! (6%'3+('%! $(&! +%/(")%*! (! 7%+,! "/-.+'()'! '$%+(-%3'"6! *+3:! 1.+!'+,-().&./.&"&! ")! 6(''4%D! &$%%-! ()*!:.('&! &")6%! "'&! ")'+.*36'".)! ")'.! '$%!/(+M%'! ")!Y\^^9!K%&-"'%!"'&!6.)'")3%*!3&%D!'$%!/%'$.*&!(7("4(54%!1.+!"'&!*%'%6'".)!")!5.*,!143"*&!(+%!4%):'$,!()*! ")%11"6"%)'! 1.+! +.3'")%! /.)"'.+"):! .1! *+3:! 4%7%4&! ")! '+%('%*! ()"/(4&9! 8! 6./-%'"'"7%!%)A,/%!4")M%*!"//3).&.+5%)'!(&&(,!<EL0V8=!$(&!).c!5%%)!*%7%4.-%*!()*!.-'"/"A%*!1.+!'$%!*%'%6'".)!.1!*"/")(A%)%!")!5.7")%!&%+3/9!0)!'$%!(&&(,D!*"/")(A%)%!")!'$%!'%&'!&(/-4%&!()*! '$('! ")!(!)%c4,!*%7%4.-%*!*"/")(A%)%F$.+&%+(*"&$!-%+.U"*(&%!6.)>3:('%! 6./-%'%! 1.+!()'"5.*"%&! '.! *"/")(A%)%! +("&%*! ")! +(55"'&! ()*! "//.5"4"A%*! .)! (! /"6+.'"'+%! -4('%9!#%'+(/%'$,45%)A"*")%F$,*+.:%)! -%+.U"*%! <#OGgJe@e=! "&! 3&%*! (&! 6$+./.:%)F&35&'+('%!&,&'%/9!#$%!(&&(,!$(&!(!*%'%6'".)! 4"/"'!.1!X9j!):g/4!.1!&%+3/!c"'$!(!$":$!&-%6"1"6"',!1.+!*"/")(A%)%9! P+.&&F+%(6'"7"',! c"'$! %"'$%+! $./"*"3/! 5+./"*%! ()*! R3")(-,+(/")%!&34-$('%g6$4.+"*%!.1!X9XXX`!-%+6%)'!"&!)%:4":"54%!c$"4%!'$('!c"'$!"&./%'(/"*"3/!6$4.+"*%!"&!X9_Y!-%+6%)'9!#$%!(&&(,!c(&!(54%!'.!*%'%6'!*"/")(A%)%!4%7%4&!")!).+/(4!G.+()!&'%%+&!1.+!('!4%(&'!'c.!c%%M&!(1'%+!")'+(/3&634(+!")>%6'".)!c"'$!'$%!*+3:!('!(!*.&%!.1![9^!/:gM:!5c9!#$%!(&&(,! c"44! 5%! 3&%134! ")! /.)"'.+"):! *"/")(A%)%! 3&%D! ()*! *%7%4.-/%)'! .1! +%&"&'()6%! ")!'+,-().&./.&"&!%)*%/"6!(+%(&9!!!Ye``X!Marasco, C.J. Jr., Kramer, D.L., Miller, J., Porter, C.W., Bacchi, C.J.,

Rattendi, D., Kucera, L., Iyer, N., Bernacki, R., Pera, P. & Sufrin, J.R., 2002.!V,)'$%&"&! ()*! %7(43('".)! .1! ()(4.:3%&! .1! ^{F<k<h=F`F(/").FeF53'%),4l/%'$,4(/").=F^{F*%.U,(*%).&")%! (&! ")$"5"'.+&! .1! '3/.+! 6%44! :+.c'$D!'+,-().&./(4!:+.c'$D! ()*!J0NpY! ")1%6'"7"',9! kT. bruceil!Journal of Medicinal ChemistryD!45!<e[=W!^YYep^Yee9!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! j5!

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gambiense! (+%! /.+-$.4.:"6(44,! ")*"&'"):3"&$(54%! 1+./! %(6$! .'$%+! ()*! 1+./! T. brucei bruceiD!c$"6$! *.%&! ).'! ")1%6'! $3/()&9! #$%! +%4('".)&$"-&! 5%'c%%)! '$%&%! '$+%%! &35&-%6"%&!$(7%! 5%%)! 6.)'+.7%+&"(49! V%7%+(4! ,%(+&! (:.D! '$%! 6$(+(6'%+"A('".)! .1!T. brucei gambiense!c(&!+%7"%c%*!")!()!(''%/-'!'.!64(+"1,!()*!*+(c!'.:%'$%+!'$%!+%&34'&D!()*!'.!-3'!'$%/!")!'$%!6.)'%U'!.1! '$%!5".4.:,!.1! '$%!.+:()"&/9!#$%!*"&6.7%+,!.1!(!:%)%!(&&.6"('%*!c"'$!$3/()F&%+3/!+%&"&'()6%!")!T. brucei rhodesiense!()*!'$%!6.)&%R3%)'!+%(--+("&(4!.1!'$%!"*%)'"',!.1!'$"&!'+,-().&./%!-+./-'!'$"&!6./-()".)!(+'"64%9!!Ye``e!Momen, H., 2002.!O.4%634(+! '(U.)./,!.1! '+,-().&./('"*&W!V./%!-+.54%/&!()*!

-"'1(44&9!Archives of Medical ResearchD!33!<`=W!`Y[p`Y^9!!!

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-+.6,64"6!()*!54..*&'+%(/!1.+/&!.1!Trypanosoma brucei!")!'$%!/(")'%)()6%!.1!

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j6! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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'$%"+! -4(&/(!/%/5+()%! -.'%)'"(49!Journal of Eukaryotic MicrobiologyD!49! <^=W!`X_p`Y[9!

!!!!!!!K.6(/-.W! L(5.+('.+,! .1! O.4%634(+! ;(+(&"'.4.:,D! K%-(+'/%)'! .1!;('$.5".4.:,D!B)"7%+&"',!.1!044")."&!('!B+5()(pP$(/-(":)D!eXXY!V9!L")6.4)!87%)3%D!B+5()!0L!]YjXeD!BV89!k+.*.6b3"369%*3l!

!<6=!L0?E!PzPLED!O@H;J@L@SzD!G0@PJEO0P8L!8CK!O@LEPBL8H!V#BK0EV!!kV%%!(4&.!25W!).9!Ye[\^l!!Ye```! Boibessot, I., Turner, C.M.R., Watson, D.G., Goldie, E., Connel, G., McIntosh,

A., Grant, M.H. & Skellern, G.G., 2002.! O%'(5.4"&/! ()*! *"&'+"53'".)! .1!-$%)()'$+"*")%!'+,-().6"*%&!")!Trypanosoma brucei9!Acta!TropicaD!84!<[=W!eY\peej9!

!S+()'W!G".%):")%%+"):!B)"'D!B)"7%+&"',!.1!V'+('$64,*%D!YX]!H.''%)+.c!E(&'D!I.41&.)!P%)'+%D!S4(&:.c!S`!XCID!Bf9!k/9$9:+()'b&'+('$9(693Ml!

!Ye``^! Berriman, M., Hall, N., Sheader, K., Bringaud, F.D., Tiwari, B., Isobe, T.,

Bowman, S., Corton, C., Clark, L., Cross, G.A.M., Hoek, M., Zanders, T., Berberof, M., Borst, P. & Rudenko, G., 2002.! #$%! (+6$"'%6'3+%! .1! 7(+"()'!&3+1(6%! :4,6.-+.'%")! :%)%! %U-+%&&".)! &"'%&! ")!Trypanosoma brucei9!Molecular and Biochemical ParasitologyD!122!<e=W!Y[YpY`X9!!

!!!!!!!!!H3*%)M.W!#$%!;%'%+!O%*(c(+!G3"4*"):!1.+!;('$.:%)!H%&%(+6$D!B)"7%+&"',!.1!@U1.+*D!@U1.+*!@yY![VzD!Bf9!k:4.+"(9+3*%)M.b/%*(c(+9.U9(693Ml!

!!Ye``]! Bochud-Allemann, N. & Schneider, A., 2002.! O"'.6$.)*+"(4! &35&'+('%! 4%7%4!

-$.&-$.+,4('".)! "&! %&&%)'"(4! 1.+! :+.c'$! .1! -+.6,64"6! Trypanosoma brucei9!Journal of Biological ChemistryD!277!<[]=W![ej`\p[ej^`9!

!V6$)%"*%+W!K%-(+'/%)'!.1!G".4.:,gh..4.:,D!B)"7%+&"',!.1!?+"5.3+:D!P$%/")!*3!O3&Q%!YXD!PJpY_XX!?+"5.3+:D!Vc"'A%+4()*9!k()*+%9&6$)%"*%+b3)"1+96$l!

!Ye``_! Bringaud, F., Biteau, N., Melville, S.E., Hez, S., El-Sayed, N.M., Leech, V.,

Berriman, M., Hall, N., Donelson, J.E. & Baltz, T., 2002.!8!)%cD!%U-+%&&%*!/34'":%)%! 1(/"4,! 6.)'(")"):! (! $.'! &-.'! 1.+! ")&%+'".)! .1! +%'+.%4%/%)'&! "&!(&&.6"('%*! c"'$! -.4,/.+-$"6! ! &35'%4./%+"6! +%:".)&! .1! Trypanosoma brucei9!Eukaryotic CellD!1!<Y=W!Y[_pY^Y9!!

!G+"):(3*W! L(5.+('."+%! *%! ;(+(&"'.4.:"%! O.4Q634("+%D! B)"7%+&"'Q! N"6'.+!V%:(4%)!G.+*%(3U!00D!BOHp^XY]!PCHVD![[X_]!G.+*%(3U!6%*%UD!?+()6%9!

!Ye``j! Bringaud, F., Biteau, N., Melville, S.E., Hez, S., El-Sayed, N.M., Leech, V.,

Berriman, M., Hall, N., Donelson, J.E. & Baltz, T., 2002.!8!)%cD!%U-+%&&%*!/34'":%)%! 1(/"4,! 6.)'(")"):! (! $.'! &-.'! 1.+! ")&%+'".)! .1! +%'+.%4%/%)'&! "&!

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eXXe! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! j6!

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!G+"):(3*W! L(5.+('."+%! *%! ;(+(&"'.4.:"%! O.4Q634("+%D! B)"7%+&"'Q! N"6'.+!V%:(4%)!G.+*%(3U!00D!BOHp^XY]!PCHVD![[X_]!G.+*%(3U!6%*%UD!?+()6%9!

!Ye``\! Breitling, R., Klingner, S., Callewaert, N., Pietrucha, R., Geyer, A., Ehrlich,

G., Hartung, R., Müller, A., Contreras, R., Beverley, S.M. & Alexandrov, K., 2002.! C.)F-('$.:%)"6! '+,-().&./('"*! -+.'.A.(! (&! (! -4('1.+/! 1.+! -+.'%")!+%&%(+6$!()*!-+.*36'".)9!Protein Expression and PurificationD!25!<e=W!eX\peYj9!

!84%U()*+.7W!K%-(+'/%)'!.1!;$,&"6(4!G".6$%/"&'+,D!O(U!;4()6M!0)&'"'3'%!1.+!O.4%634(+! ;$,&".4.:,D! @''.! J($)! V'+(&&%! YYD! ``ee_! K.+'/3)*D! S%+/(),9!kM"+"449(4%U()*+.7b/-"F*.+'/3)*9/-:9*%l!

!Ye`^X! Buckner, F.S., Kateete, D.P., Lubega, G.W., Van Voorhis, W.C. & Yokoyama,

K., 2002.! Trypanosoma! brucei! -+%),4('%*F-+.'%")! 6(+5.U,4! /%'$,4'+()&1%+(&%!-+%1%+&!1(+)%&,4('%*!&35&'+('%&9!Biochemical JournalD!367!<[=W!jX\pjY]9!!

!z.M.,(/(W! K%-(+'/%)'! .1! P$%/"&'+,D! B)"7%+&"',! .1! I(&$"):'.)D! V%(''4%D!I8!\jY\^D!BV89!kM.$%",b39c(&$"):'.)9%*3l!

!Ye`^Y! Camacho, M.D., Phillipson, J.D., Croft, S.L. and Rock, P., Marshall, S.J. &

Schiff, P.L. Jr, 2002.! 0)! 7"'+.! (6'"7"',! .1! Triclisia patens! ()*! &./%!5"&5%)A,4"&.R3").4")%!(4M(4."*&!(:(")&'!Leishmania donovani!()*!Trypanosoma brucei brucei9!Phytotherapy ResearchD!16!<^=W!`[ep`[]9!

!!!!!!!!!P(/(6$.W! P%)'+%! 1.+! ;$(+/(6.:).&,! ()*! ;$,'.'$%+(-,D! #$%! V6$..4! .1!;$(+/(6,D!B)"7%+&"',!.1!L.)*.)D!e\p[\!G+3)&c"6M!VR3(+%D!L.)*.)!IPYC!Y8yD!Bf9!

!Ye`^e! Chaudhuri, M., Sharan, R. & Hill, G.C., 2002.!#+,-().&./%!(4'%+)('"7%!.U"*(&%!

"&! +%:34('%*! -.&'F'+()&6+"-'".)(44,! ('! '$%! 4%7%4! .1! HC8! &'(5"4"',9! kT. bruceil!Journal of Eukaryotic MicrobiologyD!49!<`=W!e][pe]\9!

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j6! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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Ye`^`! Conway, C., Proudfoot, C., Burton, P., Barry, J.D. & McCulloch, R., 2002.!#c.!-('$c(,&!.1!$./.4.:.3&!+%6./5")('".)!")!Trypanosoma brucei9!Molecular MicrobiologyD!45!<]=W!Y]j_pY_XX9!

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!Ye`^^!!Cross, M., Kieft, R., Sabatini, R., Dirks-Mulder, A., Chaves, I. & Borst, P.,

2002.!dF5")*"):!-+.'%")!")6+%(&%&!'$%!4%7%4!()*!+%'%)'".)!.1!'$%!3)3&3(4!5(&%!d!")!'+,-().&./%!KC89!kT. bruceil!Molecular MicrobiologyD!46!<Y=W![_p`_9!

!G.+&'W!#$%!C%'$%+4()*&!P()6%+!0)&'"'3'%D!K"7"&".)!.1!O.4%634(+!G".4.:,!()*!P%)'%+!1.+!G"./%*"6(4!S%)%'"6&D!;4%&/()4(()!YeYD!YX]]!Py!8/&'%+*(/D!#$%!C%'$%+4()*&9!k;G.+&'b)M"9)4l!!

Ye`^]! Crossman, A. Jr., Paterson, M.J., Ferguson, M.A.J., Smith, T.K. & Brimacombe, J.S., 2002.! ?3+'$%+! -+.5"):! .1! '$%! &35&'+('%! &-%6"1"6"'"%&! ()*!")$"5"'".)!.1!%)A,/%&!")7.47%*!('!()!%(+4,!&'(:%!.1!:4,6.&,4F-$.&-$('"*,4").&"'.4!<S;0=! 5".&,)'$%&"&9! kT. bruceil! Carbohydrate ResearchD! 337! <eYpe[=W! eX`\peX^\9!

!G+"/(6./5%W! V6$..4! .1! L"1%! V6"%)6%&! <P$%/"&'+,=D! P(+)%44,! G3"4*"):D!B)"7%+&"',! .1! K3)*%%D! K3)*%%D! KKY! `JCD! Bf9! k>9&95+"/(6./5%!b*3)*%%9(693Ml!!

Ye`^_! Denicola, A., Rubbo, H., Haden, L. & Turrens, J.F., 2002.!EU'+(/"'.6$.)*+"(4!4.6(4"A('".)! .1! C8KJF13/(+('%! +%*36'(&%! ")! '+,-().&./('"*&9! kT. bruceil!Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B – Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyD!133!<Y=W!e[pe_9!

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!Ye`]X! Foster, J.A., Quan, N., Stern, E.L., Kristensson, K. & Herkenham, M., 2002.!

0)*36%*!)%3+.)(4!%U-+%&&".)!.1!64(&&!0!/(>.+!$"&'.6./-('"5"4"',!6./-4%U!/HC8!")! (63'%! ()*! 6$+.)"6! ")14(//('".)! /.*%4&9! k+('&D! T. b. bruceil! Journal of NeuroimmunologyD!131!<Ype=W!j[p\Y9!

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2002.!S436.&%!"&!'.U"6!'.!:4,6.&./%F*%1"6"%)'!'+,-().&./%&9!Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of AmericaD!99!<ee=W!Y`Y__pY`Yje9!

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j6! Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Information Quarterly! e^<`=!

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Ye`]^! Klingbeil, M.M., Motyka, S.A. & Englund, P.T., 2002.!O34'"-4%!/"'.6$.)*+"(4!KC8!-.4,/%+(&%&!")!Trypanosoma brucei9!Molecular CellD!10!<Y=W!Y_^pYj]9!

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!Ye`]]! Li, Z.Y. & Wang, C.C., 2002.!?3)6'".)(4!6$(+(6'%+"A('".)!.1! '$%!YY!).)F8#;(&%!

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!Ye`]j!Magez, S., Stijlemans, B., Baral, T. & De Baetselier, P., 2002.!NVSFS;0!()6$.+&!

.1!81+"6()! '+,-().&./%&W! '$%"+! +.4%! ")!/(6+.-$(:%!(6'"7('".)!()*! ")*36'".)!.1!")1%6'".)F(&&.6"('%*! "//3).-('$.4.:,9! Microbes and InfectionD! 4! <\=W! \\\pYXX]9!!O(:%AW! L(5.+('.+,! .1! P%4434(+! 0//3).4.:,D! ?+%%! B)"7%+&"',! .1!G+3&&%4&g?4%/"&$! 0)'%+3)"7%+&"',! 0)&'"'3'%! 1.+! G".'%6$).4.:,D! ;((+*%)&'+(('!]^D!Y]`X!V")'!S%)%&"3&!H.*%D!G%4:"3/9!k&'/(:%Ab7359(695%l!

!Ye`]\!Maslov, D.A., Zíková, A., Kyselová, I. & Lukeš, J., 20029! 8! -3'('"7%! ).7%4!

)364%(+F%)6.*%*! &353)"'! .1! '$%! 6,'.6$+./%! 6! .U"*(&%! 6./-4%U! ")!'+,-().&./('"*&9!kT. bruceil!Molecular and Biochemical ParasitologyD!125!<Ype=W!YY[pYe^9!

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Mullin, K.A. & Gleeson, P.A., 2002.! #(+:%'"):! .1! '$%! SH0;! *./(")! '.! '$%!transFS.4:"!)%'c.+M!"&!6.)&%+7%*!1+./!-+.'"&'&!'.!()"/(4&9!kT. bruceil!European Journal of Cell BiologyD!81!<\=W!`j^p`\^9!

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Ye`_Y!Müller, I.B., Domenicali-Pfister, D., Roditi, I. & Vassella, E., 2002.! V'(:%F&-%6"1"6! +%R3"+%/%)'! .1! (! /"'.:%)F(6'"7('%*! -+.'%")! M")(&%! 5,! Trypanosomabrucei9!Molecular Biology of the CellD!13!<YY=W![_j_p[_\\9!

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Ye`je!Wang, Z.F., Drew, M.E., Morris, J.C. & Englund, P.T., 2002.! 8&,//%'+"6(4!*"7"&".)!.1! '$%!M")%'.-4(&'!KC8!)%'c.+M!.1! '$%! '+,-().&./%9!EMBO JournalD!21!<Yj=W!`\\jp^XX^9!

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