23
4/17/2013 1 Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D. NPAM Spring Conference April 18, 2013 Objectives Understand the types of diagnostic imaging studies that are available and the information they can provide. Determine the clinical indications for obtaining studies and the relative risk/benefit of radiologic procedures Explain the diagnostic limitations of imaging studies and how these parameters affect patient care. Overview Modality overview Xray, Ultrasound, CT, and MRI Fluoroscopy, Mammography, Nuclear Medicine Contrast Overview Imaging by body part Neuro Chest Abdomen/Pelvis Xray Pros Low cost Access Cons Radiation Low sensitivity

Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    7

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

1

Diagnostic Imaging StudiesRadiology for the Primary Care Provider

Anis Frayha M.D.NPAM Spring Conference

April 18, 2013 

Objectives

• Understand the types of diagnostic imaging studies that are available and the information they can provide.

• Determine the clinical indications for obtaining studies and the relative risk/benefit of radiologic procedures

• Explain the diagnostic limitations of imaging studies and how these parameters affect patient care.

Overview

• Modality overview

• X‐ray, Ultrasound, CT, and MRI

• Fluoroscopy, Mammography, Nuclear Medicine

• Contrast Overview

• Imaging by body part

• Neuro

• Chest

• Abdomen/Pelvis

X‐ray

• Pros

• Low cost

• Access

• Cons

• Radiation

• Low sensitivity

Page 2: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

2

Ultrasound

• Pros

• Low cost

• No radiation

• Soft tissue 

• Cons

• User dependent 

• Limitations: • Body habitus

• Bone and air

CT

• Pros

• Cost

• Availability

• Resolution

• Cons

• Cost

• Radiation

MRI

• Pros

• No Radiation

• Soft Tissue

• Cons

• High Cost

• Limitations

• Availability

• Time

• Motion

• Bone and air

Contrast Enhanced Imaging

• Ultrasound

• X‐ray/CT

• MRI

Page 3: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

3

When do I use contrast?

• Inflammatory Process

• Neoplastic Process• Endovascular Imaging

Ultrasound

• Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)

• Microbubbles

Radiology: Volume 257: Number 1—October 2010

X‐ray and CT Contrast

• Intravenous vs oral contrast

• Intravenous contrast• Iodinated contrast media – CT, IVP

• Oral Contrast• Barium vs iodinated water soluble contrast

Iodinated ContrastContrast Induced Nephrotoxicity

• Etiology

• Renal hemodynamic changes (vasoconstriction) vs direct tubular toxicity.  

• Diagnosis• Serum creatinine > .3mg/dL

• Percent increase in creatinine > 50%

• Urine output reduced to <.5mL/kg/hr for 6 hrs

• Avoid contrast if creatinine > 1.5 to 2.0

• Hydration most effective prevention

Page 4: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

4

CT Contrast

CT Contrast

CT Contrast

MRI Contrast

• Gadolinium based agents

Page 5: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

5

MRI Contrast Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis

• Fibrosing disease involving the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and organs.

• Gadolinium based agents and chronic kidney disease.

• Dissociation of gadolinium from chelate.

• Avoid contrast if GFR < 30. 

MRI Contrast

MRI Contrast

Neuro Imaging Available Studies

• Brain

• CT Brain

• CT Brain w/wo

• CTA Head/Neck

• MRI Brain

• MRI Brain w/wo• Routine, IAC, Pituitary, Seizure

• MRA Head/Neck

• Spine

• CT Spine

• CT Spine w/wo

• CT Myelogram

• MRI Spine

• MRI Spine w/wo

Page 6: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

6

History: 78 year old female s/p fall with head trauma.

History: 56 yo M with 6 days of constant headache.

Page 7: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

7

History: 75 yo female presenting with aphasia and right sided weakness. History: 63 yo man with HTN, DM, PVD, 

ESRD s/p kidney transplant presenting with dizziness and right facial droop.

Page 8: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

8

History: 70 yo Female brought in by family, nonverbal with r sided paralysis.

Page 9: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

9

Day 1

Day 2

Day  2

Day 8

History: 76 yo female with unsteady gait, remote hx of lung cancer.

Page 10: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

10

History: 44 yo male with history of IVDA presenting with low back pain.

Page 11: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

11

History: 37 yo female with back pain.Chest Imaging Available Studies

• CT Chest• CT Chest w • CTA Chest

• PE

• Dissection

• MRI Chest

• MRI w/wo

• MRA w or wo

History: 57 yo female with ESRD on peritoneal dialysis presenting with 

back pain.

Page 12: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

12

Page 13: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

13

Noncontrast Contrast

History: 63 yo with chest pain and abdominal pain.

Page 14: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

14

54 year old admitted for colloid cyst resection. 

Page 15: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

15

Page 16: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

16

Abd Imaging Available Studies

• CT Abd/Pel wo

• CT Abd/Pel w

• CT Abd/Pel w/wo

• CTA  

• MRI wo

• MRI w/wo

• MRA

History: RLQ pain and nausea

Page 17: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

17

History: 22 yr old F, 15 wk pregnant with RLQ abdominal pain.

Page 18: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

18

History: 54 yo female with LLQ pain. History: Another patient with LLQ pain.

Normal Diverticulosis Diverticulitis w/Perforation

Page 19: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

19

History: 55 yo male with HIV presenting with left flank pain.

History: Acute onset LLQ pain.

Page 20: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

20

History: Epigastric pain, nausea.

Page 21: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

21

History: 55 yo female presenting with RUQ and RLQ abdominal pain.

History: 77 yo male with an ileus with an increasing white count.

Page 22: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

22

History: 34 yo presenting with fever 103 and LLQ pain.  R/O abscess or TOA.

Is anyone still awake?

Page 23: Diagnostic Imaging Radiology for the Primary Care Provider › › resource › resmgr › i… · Diagnostic Imaging Studies Radiology for the Primary Care Provider Anis Frayha M.D

4/17/2013

23

ACR Appropriateness Criteria

ACR.org

References

• ACR Appropriateness Criteria. http://www.acr.org/Quality‐Safety/Appropriateness‐Criteria

• Contrast Induced Nephrotoxicity. http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PDF/QualitySafety/Resources/Contrast%20Manual/Contrast%20Nephrotoxicity.pdf

• Nephrogenic Sytemic Fibrosis (NSF). http://www.acr.org/~/media/ACR/Documents/PDF/QualitySafety/Resources/Contrast%20Manual/Nephrogenic%20Systemic%20Fibrosis.pdf

• Microbubble‐enhanced US Body Imaging. Radiology: Volume 257: Number 1—October 2010