CLU vs Executive SecretaryIn July1987, thenPresident CorazonAquinoissuedExecutiveOrder o! "8#$hichallo$ed %e%&ers o' the Ca&inet, their undersecretaries and assistant secretaries to holdother (overn%ent o''ices or )ositions inadditiontotheir )ri%ary )ositions su&*ect toli%itations set therein! +he Civil ,i&erties -nion .C,-/ assailed this EO averrin( that suchla$ is unconstitutional! +he constitutionality o' EO "8# is &ein( challen(ed &y C,- on the)rinci)al su&%ission that it adds exce)tions to 0ec 11, Article 7 o' the Constitution $hich)rovides2Sec. 13. The President, Vice-President, the Memers !" the Cainet, and their de#uties !r assistants sha$$ n!t, unless otherwise provided in this Constitution, h!$d any !ther !%ce !r em#$!yment durin& their tenure. They sha$$ n!t, durin& said tenure, direct$y !r indirect$y #ractice any !ther #r!"essi!n, #artici#ate in any usiness, !r e 'nancia$$y interested in any c!ntract (ith, !r in any "ranchise, !r s#ecia$ #rivi$e&e &ranted y the )!vernment !r any sudivisi!n, a&ency, !r instrumenta$ity there!", inc$udin& &!vernment-!(ned !r c!ntr!$$ed c!r#!rati!ns !r their susidiaries. They sha$$ strict$y av!id c!n*ict !" interest in the c!nduct !" their !%ce.+C,- avers that &y virtue o' the )hrase 3unless otherwise provided in this Constitution3, theonly exce)tions a(ainst holdin( any other o''ice or e%)loy%ent in 4overn%ent are those)rovided in the Constitution, na%ely2 .i/ +he 5ice6President %ay &e a))ointed as a 7e%&ero' the Ca&inet under 0ec 1, )ar! ."/, Article 78 and .ii/ the 0ecretary o' Justice is an ex6o''icio %e%&er o' the Judicial and 9ar Council &y virtue o' 0ec 8 .1/, Article 8!ISSUE: :hether or not EO "8# is constitutional!HELD: o, it is unconstitutional! It is clear that the 1987 Constitution see;s to )rohi&it thePresident, 5ice6President, %e%&ers o' the Ca&inet, their de)uties or assistants 'ro%holdin(durin(their tenure%ulti)leo''icesor e%)loy%ent inthe(overn%ent, exce)t inthose cases s)eci'ied in the Constitution itsel' and as a&ove clari'ied $ith res)ect to )ostsheld $ithout additionalco%)ensation in an ex6o''icio ca)acity as )rovided &y la$ and asrequired &y the )ri%ary 'unctions o' their o''ice, the citation o' Ca&inet %e%&ers .then called7inisters/ as exa%)les durin( the de&ate and deli&eration on the (eneral rule laid do$n 'orall a))ointiveo''icials should&econsideredas %ere)ersonal o)inions $hichcannotoverride the constitutionC durin( the Ae&ruary "1, "BBC %eetin( o' the P>C 9oardo' 4overnors!Phili))ine ational >ed Cross ----IntervenorCO+>O5E>0DAcce)tance and holdin( o' >ichard 4ordon .res)ondent/ o' the chair%anshi) o' the Phili))ineational >ed Cross 9oard o' 4overnors durin( res)ondent4-7E+0Petitioners2 1 Alle(e that &y acce)tin( the chair%anshi) o' the P>C 9oard o' 4overnors, res)ondent hasceased to &e a %e%&er o' the 0enate as )rovided in 0ection 11, Article 5I o' the Constitution,$hich reads20EC! 11! o 0enator or 7e%&er o' the Eouse o' >e)resentatives %ay hold any other o''ice ore%)loy%ent in the 4overn%ent, or any su&division, a(ency, or instru%entality thereo', includin((overn%ent6o$nedor controlledcor)orationsor their su&sidiaries, durin(hister%$ithout'or'eitin( his seat! either shall he &e a))ointed to any o''ice $hich %ay have &een created orthe e%olu%ents thereo' increased durin( the ter% 'or $hich he $as elected!" +he P>C is a (overn%ent6o$ned or controlled cor)oration!>es)ondent2 1 Insists that theP>Cis not a(overn%ent6o$nedor controlledcor)orationandthat the)rohi&ition under 0ection 11, Article 5I o' the Constitution does not a))ly in the )resent casesince volunteer service to the P>C is neither an o''ice nor an e%)loy%ent!" Asserts that )etitioners have no standin( to 'ile this )etition $hich a))ears to &e an action 'orquo warranto. ?e'inition o' Quo Warranto 66 @uo $arranto is (enerally co%%enced &y the 4overn%ent as the)ro)er )arty )lainti''! Eo$ever, under 0ection F, >ule CC o' the >ules o' Court, an individual%ay co%%ence such an action i' he clai%s to &e entitled to the )u&lic o''ice alle(edly usur)ed&y another, in $hich case he can &rin( the action in his o$n na%e!ISSUE2 +hesu&stantial issue&oilsdo$nto$hether theo''iceo' theP>CChair%anisa(overn%ent o''ice or an o''ice in a (overn%ent6o$ned or controlled cor)oration 'or )ur)oses o'the )rohi&ition in 0ection 11, Article 5I o' the Constitution! :O the o''ice o' the P>C Chair%an is a (overn%ent o''ice or an o''ice in a (overn%ent6o$nedor controlledcor)oration'or )ur)oseso' the)rohi&itionin0ec! 11,Article5I o' theConstitution!RULING2 :e 'ind the )etition $ithout %erit! Petitioners 'iled an action 'or usur)ation o' )u&lic o''icea(ainst res)ondent, a )u&lic o''icer $ho alle(edly co%%itted an act $hich constitutes a (round'orthe'or'eitureo' his)u&lico''ice! Clearly,suchanactionis'orquowarranto,s)eci'icallyunder 0ection1.&/, >uleCCo' the>ules o' Court!+he)ersoninstitutin(quowarranto)roceedin(s in his o$n &ehal' %ust clai% and &e a&le to sho$ that he is entitled to the o''ice indis)ute, other$ise the action %ay &e dis%issed at any sta(e!C In the )resent case, )etitionersdonot clai%to&eentitledtothe0enateo''iceo' res)ondent! Clearly, )etitionershavenostandin( to 'ile the )resent )etition!+he Phili))ine (overn%ent does not o$n the P>C! +he P>Cdoes not have(overn%ent assets and does not receive any a))ro)riation 'ro% the Phili))ine Con(ress!11 +heP>C is 'inanced )ri%arily &y contri&utions 'ro% )rivate individuals and )rivate entities o&tainedthrou(h solicitation ca%)ai(ns or(anized &y its 9oard o' 4overnors, as )rovided under 0ection11 o' the P>C Charter! +he (overn%ent does not control the P>C! +he P>C Chair%an is not a))ointed &ythe President or &y any su&ordinate (overn%ent o''icial! -nder the P>C Charter, as a%ended,only six o' the thirty %e%&ers o' the P>C 9oard o' 4overnors are a))ointed &y the Presidento' thePhili))ines! +hus, t$enty6'our %e%&ers, or 'our6'i'ths.#GF/, o' theP>C9oardo'4overnors are not a))ointed &y the President! :EE>EAO>E, thecourt declaredthat theo''iceo' theChair%ano' thePhili))ineational >ed Cross is not a (overn%ent o''ice or an o''ice in a (overn%ent6o$ned or controlledcor)oration 'or )ur)oses o' the )rohi&ition in 0ection 11, Article 5I o' the 1987 Constitution!