Do NowDo Now

What is energy?What is energy?

Where do we get our energy from?Where do we get our energy from?

ObjectivesObjectives

To define energy.To define energy. To list the different types of energy.To list the different types of energy. To explain the laws of thermodynamics.To explain the laws of thermodynamics. To understand the general idea of To understand the general idea of

photosynthesis and respiration.photosynthesis and respiration.

Cellular Energy!!Cellular Energy!!Chapter 8Chapter 8

8.1: What is energy?!8.1: What is energy?!

Energy-Energy- The ability to do workThe ability to do work

Thermodynamics-Thermodynamics- is the study of the flow and transformation of

energy in the universe.

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy

ATP

Types of EnergyTypes of Energy

PotentialPotential- stored energy, or energy of - stored energy, or energy of position.position.

KineticKinetic- motion- motion ChemicalChemical- energy found in bonds - energy found in bonds

( released when bonds are broken)( released when bonds are broken)

First law —energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.

Ex. Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy

Laws of Thermodynamics

Second law —energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.

Ex. Energy Lost as Heat

Laws of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Second Law of ThermodynamicsThermodynamics

EntropyEntropy Measure of disorder (randomness) Measure of disorder (randomness) Measure of unusable energyMeasure of unusable energy

Entropy always ___________.Entropy always ___________.

Review of Reactions…Review of Reactions…

EndothermicEndothermic- uses energy to make bonds- uses energy to make bonds H + H HH + H H22

Energy put inEnergy put in ExothermicExothermic- breaks bonds and - breaks bonds and releasesreleases

energyenergy HH2 2 H + HH + H

Energy ReleasedEnergy Released

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their

own food.§ -Ex.

Heterotrophs are organisms that need to ingest food to obtain energy. Ex.Ex.

MetabolismMetabolism

Metabolism:Metabolism: All chemical reactions in a cellAll chemical reactions in a cell

Two types of Metabolic Pathways:Two types of Metabolic Pathways: CatabolicCatabolic: Release energy by breaking down : Release energy by breaking down

larger moleculeslarger molecules AnabolicAnabolic: Use energy to build larger : Use energy to build larger

molecules from smaller onesmolecules from smaller ones

Think- Pair - ShareThink- Pair - Share

Of the following examples, list which Of the following examples, list which ones are catabolic and anabolicones are catabolic and anabolic 1. Amino acids becoming polypeptide chain1. Amino acids becoming polypeptide chain 2. Glucose becoming glycogen2. Glucose becoming glycogen 3. Your body breaking down food3. Your body breaking down food 4. Fatty Acids becoming triglycerides4. Fatty Acids becoming triglycerides

Adenosine Tri Phosphate Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)(ATP)

Structure:Structure: Adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 Adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3

phosphate groupsphosphate groups

Adenosine Tri Phosphate Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)(ATP) Function:Function:

bond breaks between the second and third phosphate groups to release energy

Creating adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate group.

Processes involving Processes involving Energy…Energy…

Cellular respiration —organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell§ -type of process:

Photosynthesis —light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell§ -Type of Process: