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Domain Archaea. Kingdom Archaebacteria. Phyla. Crenarchaeota Euryarchaeota Korarchaeota Nanoarchaeota Thaumarchaeota. Archaebacteria. Archea – means ancient Unicellular Prokaryotes No membrane bound organelles No organized nucleus. Cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Domain Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Phyla
• Crenarchaeota• Euryarchaeota• Korarchaeota• Nanoarchaeota• Thaumarchaeota
Archaebacteria
– Archea – means ancient– Unicellular– Prokaryotes
• No membrane bound organelles• No organized nucleus
Cell Structure• Cell membrane
consists of a phospholipid bilayer
• The types of lipids are significantly different from all other membranes
• Most Archaebacteria have a cell wall that provides protection
• Move using flagella
Cell Structure
• Have many different shapes– Spherical– Rod shaped– Spiral– Flat– Needle like
Metabolism
• Heterotrophs– Lithotrophs – inorganic compounds– Organotrophs – organic compounds
• Autotrophs– Phototrophs – use light to make food for
energy
EnvironmentArchaea are microbes. Most live in extreme environments. These are called extremophiles. Other Archaea species are not extremophiles and live in ordinary temperatures and salinities. Some even live in your guts!
Environment Methanogens – produce methane
Thermophile - love heatwould probably freeze to death at ordinary room temperature.
Halophiles – love salt, called hypersaline environments
RespirationObligate anaerobe – must NOT have oxygen
Obligate aerobe - must have oxygen
Faculative anaerobe – can have oxygen or not
ReproductionAsexual reproduction – called binary fission
Conjugation – mixing DNA between two cells
Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Phyla
• Grouped based on qualities of their shape and membrane structure
• More than 20 different Phyla
Eubacteria
• Eu - means True• Unicellular• Prokaryotes
– No membrane bound organelles– No organized nucleus
Cell Structure• Cell membrane
consists of a phospholipid bilayer
• Many Eubacteria have a cell wall that provides protection
• Move using flagella
Cell Structure
• Have three different shapes
• Cocci– spherical
• Bacilli– Rod shaped
• Spirilla– Spiral
Cell Structure
• Endospore– Created by a bacteria
when conditions become unfavourable
– A hard “shell” surrounding the genetic material
Metabolism
• Heterotrophs– Lithotrophs – inorganic compounds– Organotrophs – organic compounds
• Autotrophs– Phototrophs – use light to make food for
energy
Environment•Bacteria frequently secrete chemicals into their environment in order to modify it favourably
•Live in a variety of environments
RespirationObligate anaerobe – must NOT have oxygen
Obligate aerobe - must have oxygen
Faculative anaerobe – can have oxygen or not
ReproductionAsexual reproduction – called binary fission
Conjugation – mixing DNA between two cells