The 6 Kingdoms. Classification Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum - Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species 3 Domains Archaea Archaea Bacteria

The 6 KingdomsThe 6 Kingdoms

ClassificationClassification

Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum -Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum -Class- Order- Family- Genus- SpeciesClass- Order- Family- Genus- Species

3 Domains3 Domains ArchaeaArchaea BacteriaBacteria EukaryaEukarya

6 Kingdoms within the 3 Domains6 Kingdoms within the 3 Domains there are more, but we are going to focus on just the there are more, but we are going to focus on just the

major 6 groupingsmajor 6 groupings

The two Kingdom SystemThe two Kingdom System

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia All organisms that can move and use food for energyAll organisms that can move and use food for energy All animalsAll animals

Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Plantae Things that could make their own food Things that could make their own food PlantsPlants Fungi (really cannot make own food)Fungi (really cannot make own food)

We did not know about microorganisms to even We did not know about microorganisms to even classify them!classify them!

The 5 Kingdom SystemThe 5 Kingdom System

Very recent classificationVery recent classification Monera- all prokaryotic cellsMonera- all prokaryotic cells Protista- Eukaryotic unicellular organisms, Protista- Eukaryotic unicellular organisms,

included algaeincluded algae Fungi- eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that Fungi- eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that

are heterotrophic, have cell wall of chitinare heterotrophic, have cell wall of chitin Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic Plantae- eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic

organisms, have cell wall of celluloseorganisms, have cell wall of cellulose Animalia- eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic Animalia- eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic

organisms with no cell wallorganisms with no cell wall

Relationship of the DomainsRelationship of the Domains

Although Archaea Although Archaea used to be classified used to be classified as a bacteria, studies as a bacteria, studies of physiology and of physiology and morphology of cell morphology of cell reveals that they are reveals that they are as different from as different from bacteria as we arebacteria as we are they need a separate they need a separate domain.domain.

Most recent ClassificationMost recent Classification

Origin

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Naming the 6 KingdomsNaming the 6 Kingdoms

1.1. ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria

2.2. EubacteriaEubacteria

3.3. ProtistaProtista

4.4. FungiFungi

5.5. PlantaePlantae

6.6. AnimaliaAnimalia

Archaebacteria [Prokaryote]• Cell walls without peptidoglycan (This makes them Cell walls without peptidoglycan (This makes them

different from Eubacteria!)different from Eubacteria!)• UnicellularUnicellular• Autotroph or HeterotrophAutotroph or Heterotroph• Flagella for movementFlagella for movement• reproduce asexually (binary fission) reproduce asexually (binary fission) • Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic Found in harsh environments (undersea volcanic

vents, acidic hot springs, salty water) vents, acidic hot springs, salty water) • Subdivided into 3 groups based on their habitat --- Subdivided into 3 groups based on their habitat ---

methanogens (produce methane), thermoacidophiles methanogens (produce methane), thermoacidophiles (Like hot and acidic environments), & extreme (Like hot and acidic environments), & extreme halophiles (love salt!) halophiles (love salt!)

Halophiles (like salt) Thermophiles (like heat)

EubacteriaEubacteria[Prokaryote][Prokaryote]

• Cell walls made of peptidoglycanCell walls made of peptidoglycan• All are unicellularAll are unicellular• Most are heterotrophic (can’t make their own food) Most are heterotrophic (can’t make their own food)

some are autotrophssome are autotrophs• Move with flagellaMove with flagella• reproduce asexually (binary fission)reproduce asexually (binary fission)• Come in 3 basic shapes --- cocci (spheres), bacilli Come in 3 basic shapes --- cocci (spheres), bacilli

(rod shaped), spirilla (corkscrew shape)(rod shaped), spirilla (corkscrew shape)• Can be aerobic (require oxygen) or anaerobic (don’t Can be aerobic (require oxygen) or anaerobic (don’t

need oxygen) and are unicellularneed oxygen) and are unicellular• Can be identified by Gram staining (Can be identified by Gram staining (gram positivegram positive or or

gram negativegram negative))•

EubacteriaEubacteria

StaphyloStaphylococcus coccus aureus aureus

BacillusBacillus anthracis anthracis

E. coliE. coli

ProtistaProtista[Eukaryote][Eukaryote]

• Cell walls with celluloseCell walls with cellulose• Most are unicellularMost are unicellular• Some are autotrophs and have chloroplast Some are autotrophs and have chloroplast

and perform photosynthesisand perform photosynthesis• Some are heterotrophs that ingest small food Some are heterotrophs that ingest small food

particles & digest it inside food vacuoles particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes containing digestive enzymes

• cilia, flagella & pseudopodia cilia, flagella & pseudopodia • Can reproduce asexually or sexuallyCan reproduce asexually or sexually• Can be found in pond or stagnant waterCan be found in pond or stagnant water

Amoeba

Euglena

Rotifer

Algae

Fungi [Eukaryote]Fungi [Eukaryote]• Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex polysaccharide) Cell walls are made of chitin (a complex polysaccharide) • Most are multi-cellular, but some are unicellular like yeast Most are multi-cellular, but some are unicellular like yeast • Most are saprobes – live on other dead organisms Most are saprobes – live on other dead organisms • Non-motile [no movement]Non-motile [no movement]• Can reproduce sexually or asexuallyCan reproduce sexually or asexually• Do not contain chlorophyll (They are NOT plants!!)Do not contain chlorophyll (They are NOT plants!!)• Store food energy as glycogen Store food energy as glycogen • Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the Important decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the

environment environment • Lack true roots, stems, & leavesLack true roots, stems, & leaves

Mold

Yeast

Ringworm

Mushrooms

Plantae [Eukaryote]Plantae [Eukaryote]

• Cell wall made of cellulose• All plants are multi-cellular • Autotrophs – They trap energy from the

sun by photosynthesis & store it in organic compounds

• No movement• Reproduce sexually or asexually• Contain chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts

Animalia [Eukaryote]Animalia [Eukaryote]

• Cells lack cell wallsCells lack cell walls• All multi-cellular (metazoans) All multi-cellular (metazoans) • Heterotrophs (take in food & internally digest Heterotrophs (take in food & internally digest

it) it) • Can Move Can Move • Reproduce sexuallyReproduce sexually• Show levels of organization including cell, Show levels of organization including cell,

tissue, organ, & system tissue, organ, & system • Cells are specialized for particular functions Cells are specialized for particular functions • Cells contain a nucleus and membrane Cells contain a nucleus and membrane

bound organellesbound organelles

Ticket – KingdomsTicket – Kingdoms

Take out a sheet of paper and tear Take out a sheet of paper and tear it in half. Share with a neighbor. it in half. Share with a neighbor. You may use the notes you just You may use the notes you just

took.took.

Are you ready?Are you ready?

1. Which Kingdom do I belong to?1. Which Kingdom do I belong to?

Protista

I am single celledI am single celledMy Cell wall is made of celluloseMy Cell wall is made of cellulose


Animalia

I am multi-cellularI am multi-cellularI don’t have a cell wallI don’t have a cell wall


Protista

I am single celledI am single celled


Eubacteia

I am single celledI am single celledMy Cell wall is made of peptidoglycanMy Cell wall is made of peptidoglycan


Planate

I am multi-cellularI am multi-cellularI can’t moveI can’t move


Archaebacteria

I am single celledI am single celledI am a halophileI am a halophile


Protista

I am single celledI am single celledI move by cilia I move by cilia


Animalia

I am multi-cellularI am multi-cellular


Archaebacteria

I am a thermoacidophileI am a thermoacidophile


I move by pseduopodI move by pseduopod

Protista

Documents

The 6 Kingdoms. Classification Domain (recent addition)-Kingdom- Phylum - Class- Order- Family- Genus- Species 3 Domains Archaea Archaea Bacteria