Survey of Organisms Part 1

Bacteria, Archaea, and Protists

3 Domains; 6 Kingdoms Domain Bacteria

Contains Kingdom Bacteria

Domain ArchaeaContains Kingdom Archaea

Domain EukaryaContains Four Kingdoms:

Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Kingdoms and Domains

Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Archaea

Can survive extreme environments

Most widespread and abundant organisms on earth

Prokaryotes (18.4)

Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles (no nucleus)

Single celled

DNA is circular and found in the cytoplasm (plasmids)

Prokaryotes often move on their own by gliding or using a flagellum

Prokaryotes (18.4)

Bacteria contain a polymer called peptidoglycan in their cell walls; this is not present in Archaea

Bacteria are more diverse and widespread

Archaea found in extreme environments due to a heat resistant substance, isoprene

Bacteria versus Archaea

Three common shapes of bacteria Bacillus or Rod Shaped Spirillus or Spiral Coccus or Spherical

Bacteria

Great Diversity Eukaryotes May be single-celled or multicellular Can be microscopic or very large Some reproduce asexually, some

reproduce sexually and asexually

PROTISTS

Plantlike protists◦ These protists make their own food, like plants, by photosynthesis◦ May be single-celled, multicellular, or live in colonies◦ Algae is an example

PROTISTS, cont.

Funguslike protists◦ These protists

decompose dead organisms

◦ Slime molds and water molds are examples

Animal-like protists◦ these protists consume

other organisms◦ Single-celled

PROTISTS, cont.

◦ The term used to decribe animal-like protists

◦ Protozoa may have one or more flagella – zooflagellates

◦ Protozoa may have pseudopods (“fake foot”) – a temporary extension of cytoplasm and membrane that helps pull the protozoa along

◦ Protozoa may have cilia – short hairlike structure help protozoa to swim & capture food

Protozoa

Euglenoids ◦ Single-celled protists swim

with the aid of flagella◦ Fresh water or oceans

Dinoflagellates◦ Single-celled◦ Plankton (microscopic, live

in water)◦ Some are toxic

Diatoms◦ Tiny single-cell algae, rigid

glasslike shells

Plantlike Protists