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Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
2
Table�Of�Contents
1.0 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................
2.0
Background
................................................................................................................
3.0 Demographic Distribution .......................................................................................
4.0 Survey Findings ........................................................................................................
4.1 Prevalence of Domestic Violence in Nigeria .........................................................
4.2 Causes of Domestic Violence in Nigeria ..............................................................
7
4.3 Awareness of Nigerians on Victims of Domestic Violence ...............................
4.4 Actions Taken by Victims of Domestic Violence ................................................
8
4.5 Factors that Influence the Actions of Domestic Violence Victims ................. 12
4.6 Perceptions of Nigerians on Domestic Violence of Men against Women ......
10
4.7 Probability of Female Victims Forfeiting Marriages in the face of Domestic
Violence
................................................................................................................
14
4.8 Ways of Curbing Domestic Violence in Nigeria ...............................................
12
5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................ 19
4
4
5
7
17
17
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
3
Table�Of�Figures
Figure 1: Demographic distribution .................................................................................. 6
Figure 2: Prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria ...................................................... 7
Figure 3: Perceptions of Nigerians on the prevalence of different perspectives of
Domestic Violence
..............................................................................................
8
Figure 4: Cause of domestic violence in Nigeria ............................................................. 9
Figure 5: Awareness of Nigerians on victims of domestic violence .............................. 10
Figure 6: Demographic of domestic violence victim ..................................................... 11
Figure 7: Actions taken by victims of domestic violence ............................................... 12
Figure 8: Factors that Influence the actions of domestic violence victims ................... 13
Figure 9: Perceptions of Nigerians on the appropriateness of domestic violence
Figure 10: Rationale for perceptions on appropriateness of domestic violence .........
Figure 11: Perceptions of Nigerians on legal appropriateness of domestic violence.
Figure 12: Probability of female victims forfeiting marriages in the face of domestic
violence ............................................................................................................ 17
Figure 13: Ways of curbing domestic violence in Nigeria ............................................. 18
...... 14
15
16
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
4
1.0��Executive�Summary
OIPolls Limited in partnership with Project Alert conducted a poll on domestic violence and Nfindings revealed that majority of Nigerians (78 percent) stated that there is an increasing
prevalence of domestic violence across Nigeria in recent times. This prevalence is highest in the
South-west geo-political zone (86 percent) and lowest in the South-South zone (70 percent).
However, analysis of results showed that the main causes of domestic violence in Nigerian homes
are 'economic hardship' (42 percent), 'misunderstanding between couples' (21 percent) and
'patience or tolerance level of couples' (9 percent).
More findings revealed that 54 percent of Nigerians have suffered a form of domestic violence or
know someone that has experienced domestic violence in their homes with majority of the victims
of domestic violence being women as stated by respondents (75 percent), although 'men' (16
percent) and 'children'(9 percent) are also known to be victims. Furthermore, the poll revealed that
victims of domestic violence do not take any action about their cases, implying that most domestic
violence cases go unreported. These victims do not take any action mainly 'to avoid stigmatization'
(34 percent), while in other cases their non action could be as a result of Ignorance and Illiteracy of
victims(21 percent), emotional attachment to their spouses and partners (18 percent) and fear of
threat or insecurity (17 percent).
Finally, the results revealed that 98 percent of Nigerians think that it is not right for a man to hit his
wife or partner because it is morally wrong, and might cause serious injuries and even death of their
spouse.
Domestic violence is an issue affecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic
status, sexual orientation, gender, race, religion, or nationality. It is often accompanied by
emotionally abusive and controlling behaviour that is only a fraction of a systematic pattern of
dominance and control. Domestic violence can result in physical injury, psychological trauma, and in
severe cases, even death.
By definition, domestic violence is the wilful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault,
and other abusive behaviour as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by
one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, psychological
violence, and emotional abuse. Domestic violence in Nigeria is said to be on the increase. About
50% of women are said to have been battered by their husbands. Sadly, more educated women
(65%) are in this horrible situation as compared to their less educated counterparts (55%).
Shockingly, a staggering 97.2% of them do not report the crime to the Nigeria Police. They endure
and sometimes die in silence, believing that the law will not protect them.
http://www.ncadv.org/need-help/what-is-domestic-violence
http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/04/26/escalation-of-domestic-violence-in-nigeria
2.0��Background
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
5
There is also a prevalence of domestic violence
against men, which has largely remained
under-reported owing to its sensitive nature. In
a study conducted by Dienye and Gbeneol,
(2009) at the General Outpatient Department of
the University of Port Harcourt Teaching
Hospital, out of a total of 48 victims of domestic
violence identified, 5 (10.4%) were males.
Children are also victims of domestic violence.
UNICEF in May 2019 declared that about 60 per
cent of children, that is, 6 in 10 children in
Nigeria, suffer one or more types of violence
before they reach the age of 18. Also, one in two
suffers physical violence, 1 in 4 girls and 1 in 10
boys suffer sexual violence, while 1 in 5 boys
and 1 in 6 girls suffer emotional violence.
Experts link domestic violence to increasing
poverty, drug abuse, and use of alcohol,
traditional and religious laws which permit men
to physically discipline their wife(s), personal
dispositions and a raft of other reasons. Only
four states of the Federation, including Lagos,
have passed laws against the insidious crime,
whilst several bills gather dust at the National
Assembly. In the states where the law has been
passed, it remains to be tested. There is
however an urgent need for all the 36 states in
Nigeria to put up some laws regarding
domestic violence. A lot of victims suffer in
silence owing to some factors like fear of
divorce, death, shame etc. In view of this, NOI-
Polls in partnership with Project Alert on
Violence against Women, conducted a poll to
ascertain the perceptions of Nigerians,
regarding domestic violence in Nigeria.
Project Alert is a non-governmental women's
rights organisation set up in January 1999 to
promote and protect the rights of women and
young girls. Project Alert seeks to influence
society by actively advocating for zero
tolerance for all forms of violence against
women / young girls.
A total of 1,000 respondents were interviewed
in the survey within one year. The demographic
distribution of the respondents is divided into
the following groups: Gender, age-group, geo-
political zones and occupation as illustrated in
figure 1 below.
Gender: The proportion of male and female
respondents was almost equal with 51 percent
and 49 percent respectively.
Age-Group: The age-group with the highest
frequency in the survey was 18-35 (58 percent),
followed by the 36-60 age-group with 38
percent. The lowest age-group represented was
60+ (4 percent).
Geo-Political Zones: All geo-political zones
were adequately represented in the survey, the
highest represented zone being the North-
West zone (24 percent) and the lowest being
the South-East zone (12 percent).
Occupation: The largest proportion of the
respondents surveyed were 'Self-employed
Traders' (32 percent); followed by 'Government
workers/Civil Servants' (18 percent) and
'Students' (13 percent). The lowest represented
occupations in the survey were Religious
Leader / Missionary with 1 percent.
3h�p://ar�cle.sapub.org/pdf/10.5923.j.sociology.20140401.03.pdf/Domes�c/Violence/against/Men/Balancing/the/Gender/Issues/in/Nigeria 4h�p://dailypost.ng/2016/05/19/60-of-children-in-nigeria-suffer-domes�c-violence-unicef/ 5h�p://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/04/26/escala�on-of-domes�c-violence-in-nigeria/
3.0��Demographic�Distribution
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
6
Figure�1:�Summary�Demographic�distribution�
AGE GROUPAGE GROUP
AGE GROUPAGE GROUP
AGE GROUPAGE GROUP
51% 49%Male FemaleGENDER
18-35 36-60 61
AGE GROUP
NWNENC SWSSSE
15% 14% 24% 12% 15% 20%GEO-Political
ZONE
Occupation
18%Government/ Civil Servant
8%Artisan
2%Farmers
Agric Workers
32%Self
Employed
11%Professional
Workers
4%Business/Women
13%Student
6%Unemployed
Youth
6%Religious
Leaders andOther
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
7
Respondents to the poll were asked eleven
specific questions and this section of the report
presents findings from each question.
4.1 Prevalence of Domestic Violence in
Nigeria
The poll measured the opinion of Nigerians on
the increasing prevalence of domestic violence
in Nigeria and the results showed that 78
percent of Nigerians nationwide stated that
there is an increasing prevalence of domestic
violence in Nigeria and this view was evenly
shared across gender, geo-political zones and
age-groups . However, 22 percent of
respondents nationwide think otherwise as
they stated that domestic violence in Nigeria is
not on the increase.
In Your Opinion, Do You Think There Is An Increasing Prevalence Of Domestic Violence
In Marriages And Homes In Nigeria
NATIONWIDE
22%78%
Yes No 80% 76%
24%20%
Gender
Male Female
Geo - Political Zone
NWNENC SWSSSE
81% 72% 77% 80% 70% 86%
19% 28% 23% 20% 30% 14%
Yes
No
Figure 2: Percep�ons on the prevalence of domes�c violence in Nigeria
4.0��Survey�Findings
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
8
Further results from the poll revealed that
despite its prohibition by Section 34 (1) of the
1999 Constitution, which guarantees the rights
of all against torture and other cold-hearted or
degrading treatment; the largest proportion of
the respondents (97 percent) who believe there
is an increasing prevalence of domestic
violence in Nigeria stated that domestic
violence of men against women is highly /
somewhat prevalent in the Nigerian society and
this is the same across all geo-political zones.
Other segments of the respondents believe that
men are also at the receiving end of domestic
violence in Nigerian homes as 47 percent stated
that domestic violence of women against men
is highly / somewhat prevalent. The North-East
geopolitical zone (79 percent) make up the
highest proportion of respondents with this
perception, although, 53 percent have a
contrary opinion stating that domestic violence
of women against men is non prevalent or non-
existent in the Nigerian society. 79 percent also
mentioned domestic violence against children
is highly / somewhat prevalent and this is the
same across all geopolitical zones.
Figure 3: Percep�ons of Nigerians on the prevalence of different perspec�ves of Domes�c Violence
4.2 Causes of Domestic Violence in Nigeria
The survey also sought to ascertain the major
causes of domestic violence in Nigeria.
E c o n o m i c h a r d s h i p ( 4 2 p e r c e n t ) ,
Misunderstanding between couples (21
percent) and impatience (9 percent) were the
top factors respondents perceive are the major
causes of domestic violence. Other mentions
include; lack of trust (6 percent), women not
submitting (5 percent), and lack of moral values
(4 percent).
This is in line with a previous survey conducted
by NOI-Polls in 2012 which revealed that 40
percent of Nigerians believed that financial
issues and lack of understanding (31 percent)
were the major cause of conflicts in marriages.
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
9
In your opinion what do you consider the main cause of domestic violence in homes?
9%Impa�ent
42%Economic Hardship
21%Mis understanding Between couples
6%Lack Of Trust
5%unsubmissive
5%unsubmissive
4%Lack Of Moral Values Others
13%
NATIONWIDE
41% 42% 41% 38% 35% 54% 42% 44% 39% 47% 39%
20% 23% 24% 13% 23% 17% 25% 23% 26% 17% 12%
6% 8% 6% 7% 10% 2% 6% 7% 7% 6% 6%
6% 4% 4% 10% 3% 9% 6% 3% 4% 6% 17%
4% 4% 3% 0% 3% 3% 5% 8% 4% 4% 6%
4% 2% 2% 4% 2% 3% 4% 2% 3% 3% 2%
1% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 2%
1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2%
7% 4% 8% 2% 5% 7% 7% 8% 5% 6% 8%
MALE FEMALE
AGE GROUP
9% 8% 22% 16% 1% 3% 3% 9% 9% 6%
NWNENC SWSS
SEMALE FEMALE
Figure 4: Causes of domes�c violence in Nigeria
10%
Economic Hardship
Misunderstanding
between couples
Impatience
Lack Of Trust
In Submissiveness
Of Women
Lack of moral
values
Illiteracy &
Ignorance
Frustration
Male Chauvinism
Others
18-35 36-60 +61
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
10
4.3 Awareness of Nigerians on Victims of
Domestic Violence
An evaluation of the proportion of Nigerians
who have either suffered or are aware of
someone who has suffered any form of
domestic violence or abuse and the results
revealed that 54 percent of the respondents
nationwide have either been victims or know a
victim of domestic violence. Interestingly, this
view was almost evenly shared by both gender
group 53 percent and 54 percent for male and
female respondents respectively. This finding is
a further confirmation of the prevalence of the
issue in Nigeria.
Furthermore, analysis of result across geo-
political zones showed that the North-East
region (64 percent) had the highest portion of
respondents in this category while the South-
East region (49 percent) had the lowest portion
Have you ever suffered, or do you know anyone who has suffered any form of domestic violence?
54% 46%
YesNo
NationWide
AGE GROUPNC NE NW SWSSSE
53% 54% 51% 64% 49%54% 50% 54% 53% 58% 25%
47% 46% 49% 36% 51%46% 50% 55% 47% 42% 75%
Figure 5: Awareness of Nigerians on Vic�ms of Domes�c Violence
Yes No
18-35 36-60 +61
Consequently, the poll sought to get insight on
the victims of domestic violence in Nigeria,
sequel to the above findings and analysis of
results showed that a larger proportion of the
respondents (75 percent) nationwide stated
that most victims of domestic violence are
women this view decreased sequentially across
the various age-groups, (78 percent) for the (18
-35) age-group, (73 percent) for (36-60) age-
group and 62 percent for the (61+) age group.
In addition, 16 percent indicated men, while 9
percent indicated children.
It is also interesting to note that more female
(89 percent ) than male (63 percent )
respondents indicated they are aware of female
victims, while more male (24 percent) than
female (6 percent) respondents claimed they
are aware of male victims.
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
Was the vic�m a man, a woman or a child?
75%9%
16%
75%
11
NATIONWIDE
AGE GROUP Geo- Political Zone
NC NW SSSESW
Gender
63% 89% 74% 70% 74%78% 76% 81% 78% 73%
24% 6% 14% 22% 12%20% 10% 12% 14% 17%
13% 5% 13% 8% 14%2% 14% 8% 8% 10%
Figure 6: Demographics of Domes�c Violence Vic�ms
62%
29%
9%
NE
18-35 36-60 +61
Woman
Man
Child
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
12
4.4 Actions Taken by Victims of Domestic
Violence
The poll also, sought to find out the various
actions taken by victims of domestic violence or
how they responded after such occurrences
and the results revealed that 55 percent of the
respondents reported that victims of domestic
violence 'took no action'. Clearly this finding
shows that nationwide victims of domestic
violence are suffering in silence, enduring
whatever pain or humiliation that is inflicted on
them.
Also, the analysis of results revealed that 12
percent of respondents indicated that the
victims of domestic violence 'reported to family
and friends' and the South-East region (23
percent ) had the h ighest por t ion of
respondents in this category. 9 percent stated
the victims had to be separated from their
partners and the North-West region (11
percent) had the highest percentage of victims
4.5 Factors that Influence the Actions of
Domestic Violence Victims
when respondents were further probed on
what may prevent a victim of domestic violence
from taking the necessary actions, 34 percent of
the respondents ment ioned to avoid
stigmatization, 21 percent believe it is because
of ignorance and illiteracy, 18 percent said
emotional attachment to spouses, while 17
percent believed it is due to fear of threat and
insecurity. Other reasons mentioned were lack
of power and finance (7 percent), religious
beliefs (2 percent), endurance and tolerance (2
percent).
Figure 7: Ac�ons Taken by Vic�ms Of Domes�c Violence
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
In Your Opinion, What Reason (s) May Prevent A Victim Of Domestic ViolenceFrom Taking Necessary Action.
To avoid stigmatization
NATIONWIDE
Ignorance And Illiteracy
Africa Tradition and Culture
Nothing
34%
1%
1%
2%
2%
Endurance and Telerance
Religious Belief
7%
17%
Lack Of Power and Finance
Fear Of Threat & Insecurity
18% Emotional Attachment
21%
Age Group Geo-Political Zone
NC NW SSSESW
Gender
NE
18-35 36-60 +61
To avoid
stigmatization
Ignorance And
Illiteracy
Africa Tradition
and Culture
Nothing
Endurance and
Tolerance
Religious Belief
Lack Of Power
and Finance
Fear Of Threat
& Insecurity
Emotional
Attachment
Figure 8: Factors that Influence the ac�ons of domes�c violence vic�ms
32% 35% 34% 31% 34% 39% 30% 34% 31% 37% 35%
22% 20% 19% 21% 26% 30% 20% 14% 21% 22% 19%
17% 20% 16% 22% 20% 11% 21% 19% 19% 18% 12%
16% 19% 24% 11% 14% 16% 51% 16% 21% 12% 13%
8% 6% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 8% 4% 10% 14%
3% 2% 2% 5% 3% 0% 3% 2% 3% 2% 2%
2% 2% 2% 4% 2% 0% 3% 2% 2% 2% 4%
1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 3%
2% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 0% 5% 1% 1% 2%
13
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
14
4.6 Perceptions of Nigerians on Domestic
Violence of Men against Women
Furthermore, when respondents were asked if it
is proper for a man to hit his wife or wives, 98
percent confirmed that it is not proper. This cuts
across gender, age and geo-political zones. On
the contrary, 2 percent of the respondents
believe it is proper for a man to hit his wife or
wives, stating reasons such as 'women don't
take corrections', 'women are to stay under the
control of their husbands', 'it serves as a form of
discipline', 'some women are evil' and should be
hit by their husbands 'if she is faulty, stubborn
or commits a crime'
In Your Opinion, Is It
Proper For A Man To
Hit His Wife Or Wives?
NATIONWIDE
No 98%
Yes2%
GENDERMale Female
2% 2%
98% 98%
Yes
No
AGE GROUP
18-35 36-60 +61
Figure 9: Percep�ons of Nigerians on appropriateness domes�c violence of men against women
For the 98 percent who said it is not proper for a man to hit his wife, they were further asked 'why'
they think so and the top reasons they gave include; it is morally wrong (43 percent), it is against all
religious beliefs (26 percent), She is a wife and helpmate (19 percent) and that women are weaker
vessels (6 percent).
Why is it not proper for a man to hit his wife or wives?
2% 2% 2%
98% 98% 98%
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
15
Why Is It Not Proper
For A Man To Hit His
Wife Or Wives?
43% It Is Normally Wrong
26% It Is Against All Religious Belief
19% She Is A Wife & Help Mate
6% Weaker Vessel
2% Death
4% Others
42%
NATIONWIDE
45%
28% 23%
19% 18%
6% 7%
2% 3%
3% 4%
Male Female
NC NE NW SSSESW
It Is Normally Wrong
It Is Against All
Religious Belief
She Is A Wife
& Help Mate
Weaker Vessel
Death
Others
47% 43% 34% 55% 44% 45%
18% 30% 30% 29% 25% 21%
14% 18% 25% 7% 15% 23%
11% 4% 5% 3% 10% 5%
7% 2% 0% 3% 2% 1%
3% 3% 6% 3% 4% 5%
Figure 10: Ra�onale for percep�ons on appropriateness of domes�c violence of men against women
GEO - POLITICAL ZONE
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
16
AGE GROUP
18-35 18-35 18-35
43% 42% 52%
26% 27% 15%
18% 20% 24%
6% 5% 4%
2% 2% 5%
5% 4% 0%
Figure 10: Ra�onale for percep�ons on appropriateness of domes�c violence of men against women
Respondents were further asked if it is legal for a man to hit his wife or wives and the survey revealed
that 97 percent of respondents nationwide said it is illegal while 3 percent were of the opinion that it
is legal.
Age Group Geo-Political Zone
NC NW SSSESW
Gender
NE
18-35 36-60 +61
Nationwide
Figure 11: Percep�ons of Nigerians on legal appropriateness of domes�c violence of men against women
In your opinion, do you think it is legal for a man to hit his wife or wives?
3%
97%
3% 3%
97% 97%
2% 4% 3% 6% 2% 3% 1% 4% 3%
98% 96% 97% 94% 98% 97% 99% 96% 97%
It Is Normally
Wrong
It Is Against All
Religious Belief
She Is A Wife
& Help Mate
Weaker Vessel
Death
Others
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
17
4.7 Probability of Female Vic�ms Forfei�ng Marriages in the face of Domes�c Violence
Respondents were asked if female victims of domestic violence would be willing to leave their
husbands if they have the wherewithal and a large proportion (78 percent) said 'Yes' with the
residents in the North Central (83 percent) accounting for the largest proportion in this category. 25
percent said 'No', and the South East region had the highest (38 percent) proportion in this regard.
AGE GROUP Geo-Political Zone
NC NW SSSESW
Gender
NE
18-35 36-60 +61
Nationwide
Figure 12: Probability of female vic�ms forfei�ng marriages in the face of domes�c violence
4.8 Ways of Curbing Domestic Violence in
Nigeria
Finally, the poll sought to get suggestions of
Nigerians on how domestic violence can be
curbed in Nigeria and analysis of results
nationwide revealed that 29 percent of
respondent's nationwide advocated mutual
understanding between spouses. To put it
simply, partners should be trained on how to
develop mutual understanding on all issues and
challenges that presents itself in their daily lives.
Furthermore, 24 percent said there should be a
proper enlightenment on marriage, 13 percent
indicated counselling for couple that are willing
to be together after having experienced a form
of domestic violence in their homes and
another 13 percent indicated 'job creation',
among others.
75% 73% 77% 83% 76% 77% 62% 79% 73% 45% 45% 45%
25% 27% 23% 17% 24% 23% 38% 21% 27% 24% 22% 30%
Do you think there are female vic�ms of domes�c violence who would be willing to leave their husbands if they have a means of catering for themselves and their children?
YES
No
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
AGE GROUP Geo-Political Zone
NC NW SSSESW
Gender
NE
18-35 36-60 +61
32% 24% 26% 48% 32% 26% 20% 20% 27% 29% 31%
25% 24% 25% 21% 23% 23% 24% 30% 23% 24% 21%
13% 12% 11% 5% 10% 9% 16% 22% 8% 14% 13%
12% 15% 12% 10% 18% 18% 10% 12% 19% 13% 13%
9% 13% 13% 5% 10% 11% 15% 14% 11% 13% 9%
6% 10% 8% 8% 6% 11% 12% 7% 6% 6% 11%
5% 6% 1% 4% 5% 8% 6% 7% 5% 5% 6%
4% 2% 5% 4% 4% 1% 1% 4% 4% 2% 5%
18
3%
5%
8%
11%
13%
Others
Improve standard of living
Religious value
Law enforcement
Counselling
In your own words, what do you think can be done to curb domestic violence in families?
13%
24%
29%
Job crea�on
Proper enlightenment on marriage
Mutual understanding
Figure 13: Percep�ons on measures to curb domes�c violence in Nigeria
Others
Improve standard of living
Religious value
Law enforcement
Counselling
Job crea�on
Proper enlightenment on marriage
Mutual understanding
Domes�c Violence
In Nigeria
19
In conclusion, the poll having assessed the
opinions of Nigerians on the issue of domestic
violence in Nigeria, findings revealed that there
is an alarming increase in prevalence of
domestic violence in Nigeria with most victims
being women (75 percent). This is a serious
concern given that women play a great role in
the nu r tu r i ng of ch i l d ren and the i r
psychological well-being is very important
because it determines the quality of upbringing
given to their children and the society at large.
The poll also revealed that the main cause of the
increase in domestic violence in Nigeria is
'economic hardship' (42 percent), another
striking revelation is that 55 percent of the
respondents stated that victims do not take any
action on domestic violence issues and only 2
percent indicated that victims actually reported
to civil society organizations and appropriate
authorities.
Notwithstanding the on-going efforts to
protect women and other vulnerable
population against violence, the results of this
poll is quite disturbing given an increased
prevalence of domestic violence in Nigeria.
Hence this is a wake-up call for civil society
organisations and relevant stakeholders to
increase their presence in communities
carrying-out training and civic education on
domestic violence; Implement pro-people
policies and programmes. Also, adequate
legis lat ion should be enacted by the
government to curb the prevalence of domestic
violence especially one that would promote
gender equality given that Nigeria ranked 125
out of 145 in 2015 world economic forum
5.0�Conclusion�and�Recomendation
