What is Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server?

SharePoint Portal Server is a portal server that connects people, teams, and knowledge across business processes. SharePoint Portal Server integrates information from various systems into one secure solution through single

sign-on and enterprise application integration capabilities. It provides flexible deployment and management tools, and facilitates end-to-end collaboration

through data aggregation, organization, and searching. SharePoint Portal Server also enables users to quickly find relevant information through

customization and personalization of portal content and layout as well as through audience targeting.

What is Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services?

Windows SharePoint Services is the solution that enables you to create Web sites for information sharing and document collaboration. Windows

SharePoint Services " a key piece of the information worker infrastructure delivered in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 " provides additional

functionality to the Microsoft Office system and other desktop applications, and it serves as a platform for application development.

Office SharePoint Server 2007 builds on top of Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 to provide additional capabilities including collaboration, portal, search, enterprise content management, business process and forms, and business

intelligence.

What are the advantages of jQuery

The advantages of using jQuery are:1. JavaScript enhancement without the overhead of learning new syntax

2. Ability to keep the code simple, clear, readable and reusable3. Eradication of the requirement of writing repetitious and complex loops

and DOM scripting library calls

What is JQuery

JQuery is a light weight JavaScript library which provides fast and easy way of HTML DOM traversing and manipulation, its event handling, its client side

animations, etc. One of the greatest features of jQuery is that jQuery supports an efficient way to implement AJAX applications because of its light

weight nature and make normalize and efficient web programs.

The IHttpHandler and IHttpHandlerFactory interfaces ?

The IHttpHandler interface is implemented by all the handlers. The interface consists of one property called IsReusable. The IsReusable property gets a value indicating whether another request can use the IHttpHandler instance. The method ProcessRequest() allows you to process the current request.

This is the core place where all your code goes. This method receives a parameter of type HttpContext using which you can access the intrinsic objects such as Request and Response. The

IHttpHandlerFactory interface consists of two methods - GetHandler and ReleaseHandler. The GetHandler() method instantiates the required HTTP handler based on some condition and returns it

back to ASP.NET. The ReleaseHandler() method allows the factory to reuse an existing handler.

Does .NET CLR and SQL SERVER run in different process?

Dot Net CLR and all .net realtes application and Sql Server run in same process or we can say that that on the same address because there is no

issue of speed because if these two process are run in different process then there may be a speed issue created one process goes fast and other slow

may create the problem.

What do you mean by three-tier architecture?

The three-tier architecture was comes into existence to improve management of code and contents and to improve the performance of the web based applications. There are mainly three layers in three-

tier architecture. the are define as follows

(1)Presentation (2)Business Logic

(3)Database <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->

<!--[endif]-->(1)First layer Presentation contains mainly the interface code, and this is shown to user. This code

could contain any technology that can be used on the client side like HTML, JavaScript or VBScript etc. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->

<!--[endif]-->(2)Second layer is Business Logic which contains all the code of the server-side .This layer have code to interact with database and to query, manipulate, pass data to user interface and handle any input

from the UI as well. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->

<!--[endif]-->(3)Third layer Data represents the data store like MS Access, SQL Server, an XML file, an Excel file or

even a text file containing data also some additional database are also added to that layers.

<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->

<!--[endif]-->

When not to use Design Patterns

Do not use design patterns in any of the following situations.

• When the software being designed would not change with time.• When the requirements of the source code of the application are unique.

If any of the above applies in the current software design, there is no need to apply design patterns in the current design and increase unnecessary complexity in the design.

When to use Design Patterns

Design Patterns are particularly useful in one of the following scenarios.

• When the software application would change in due course of time.• When the application contains source code that involves object creation

and event notification.

Benefits of Design Patterns

The following are some of the major advantages of using Design Patterns in software development.

• Flexibility• Adaptability to change

• Reusability

What are Design Patterns?

A Design Pattern essentially consists of a problem in a software design and a solution to the same. In Design Patterns each pattern is described with its

name, the motivation behind the pattern and its applicability.According to MSDN, "A design pattern is a description of a set of interacting classes that provide a framework for a solution to a generalized problem in a

specific context or environment. In other words, a pattern suggests a solution to a particular problem or issue in object-oriented software

development.

What is IIS Metabase? How to edit IIS metabase? How to backup IIS metabase file?

IIS metabase is the repository of the configuration values that are set in the Internet Information Server (IIS). The IIS metabase in an XML file. It may be

controlled through program or manually too.

In order to edit IIS metabase entries, the user needs to have administrative rights on the system. To do this, in run window, type "inetmgr". Browse to

"Local Computer" and right click it. Click on "Properties". Select the "Enable Direct Metabase Edit" check box.

Many times, due to the existence of multiple versions of .NET framework, some settings in the IIS metabase may get affected and cause your program not to run. For such scenarios, you may take a backup of the IIS metabase XML file and recover it. To create a portable backup, open run window and

type "inetmgr". Next browse to "Local Computer" and go to "All Tasks". Next, click on Backup/Restore Configuration. Next, click on "Create Backup". In the

textbox box for Configuration Backup name, type a name for your backup

file. Also select the encrypt backup option and type a password. To finish the process, click "OK".

Describe the Provider Model in ASP.NET 2.0?

The Provider model in ASP.NET 2.0 is based on the Provider Design Pattern that was created in the year 2002 and later implemented in the .NET

Framework 2.0.

The Provider Model supports automatic creation of users and their respective roles by creating entries of them directly in the SQL Server (May even use MS Access and other custom data sources). So actually, this model also

supports automatically creating the user table's schema.

The Provider model has 2 security providers in it: Membership provider and Role Provider. The membership provider saves inside it the user name (id)

and corresponding passwords, whereas the Role provider stores the Roles of the users.

For SQL Server, the SqlMembershipProvider is used, while for MS Access, the AccessMembershipProvider is used. The Security settings may be set using

the website adminstration tool. Automatically, the AccessMembershipProvider creates a Microsoft Access database file named

aspnetdb.mdb inside the application's App_Data folder. This contains 10 tables.

Explain about Generics?

Generics are not a completely new construct; similar concepts exist with other languages. For example, C++ templates can be compared to generics.

However, there's a big difference between C++ templates and .NET generics. With C++ templates the source code of the template is required

when a template is instantiated with a specific type. Contrary to C++ templates, generics are not only a construct of the C# language; generics

are defined with the CLR. This makes it possible to instantiate generics with a specific type in Visual Basic even though the generic class was defined

with C#.

New Features of Visual Studio 2008 for .NET Professionals

1. LINQ Support

LINQ essentially is the composition of many standard query operators that allow you to work with data in a more intuitive way regardless.

The benefits of using LINQ are significant – Compile time checking C# language queries, and the ability to debug step by step through queries.

2. Expression Blend Support

Expression blend is XAML generator tool for silverlight applications. You can install Expression blend as an embedded plug-in to Visual Studio 2008. By

this you can get extensive web designer and JavaScript tool.

3. Windows Presentation Foundation

WPF provides you an extensive graphic functionality you never seen these before. Visual Studio 2008 contains plenty of WPF Windows Presentation

Foundation Library templates. By this a visual developer who is new to .NET, C# and VB.NET can easily develop the 2D and 3D graphic applications.

Visual Studio 2008 provides free game development library kits for games developers. currently this game development kits are available for C++ and

also 2D/3D Dark Matter one image and sounds sets.

4. VS 2008 Multi-Targeting Support

Earlier you were not able to working with .NET 1.1 applications directly in visual studio 2005. Now in Visual studio 2008 you are able to create, run,

debug the .NET 2.0, .NET 3.0 and .NET 3.5 applications. You can also deploy .NET 2.0 applications in the machines which contains only .NET 2.0

not .NET 3.x.

5. AJAX support for ASP.NET

Previously developer has to install AJAX control library separately that does not come from VS, but now if you install Visual Studio 2008, you can built-in AJAX control library. This Ajax Library contains plenty of rich AJAX controls

like Menu, TreeView, webparts and also these components support JSON and VS 2008 contains in built ASP.NET AJAX Control Extenders.

6. JavaScript Debugging Support

Since starting of web development all the developers got frustration with solving javascript errors. Debugging the error in javascript is very difficult. Now Visual Studio 2008 makes it is simpler with javascript debugging. You can set break points and run the javaScript step by step and you can watch

the local variables when you were debugging the javascript and solution explorer provides javascript document navigation support.

7. Nested Master Page Support

Already Visual Studio 2005 supports nested master pages concept with .NET 2.0, but the problem with this Visual Studio 2005 that pages based on nested

masters can't be edited using WYSIWYG web designer. But now in VS 2008 you can even edit the nested master pages.

8. LINQ Intellisense and Javascript Intellisense support for silverlight applications

Most happy part for .NET developers is Visual Studio 2008 contains intellisense support for javascript. Javascript Intellisense makes developers

life easy when writing client side validation, AJAX applications and also when writing Silverlight applications

Intellisense Support: When we are writing the LINQ Query VS provides LINQ query syntax as tool tips.

9. Organize Imports or Usings: We have Organize Imports feature already in Eclipse. SInce many days I have been waiting for this feature even in VS.

Now VS contains Organize Imports feature which removes unnecessary namespaces which you have imported. You can select all the namespaces and right click on it, then you can get context menu with Organize imports options like "Remove Unused Usings", "Sort Usings", "Remove and Sort".

Refactoring support for new .NET 3.x features like Anonymous types, Extension Methods, Lambda Expressions.

10. Intellisense Filtering: Earlier in VS 2005 when we were typing with intellisense box all the items were being displayed. For example If we type the letter 'K' then intellisense takes you to the items starts with 'K' but also all other items will be presented in intellisense box. Now in VS 2008 if you

press 'K' only the items starts with 'K' will be filtered and displayed.

11. Intellisense Box display position

Earlier in some cases when you were typing the an object name and pressing . (period) then intellisense was being displayed in the position of the object

which you have typed. Here the code which we type will go back to the dropdown, in this case sometimes programmer may disturb to what he was

typing. Now in VS 2008 If you hold the Ctrl key while the intellisense is dropping down then intellisense box will become semi-transparent mode.

12. Visual Studio 2008 Split View

VS 205 has a feature show both design and source code in single window. but both the windows tiles horizontally. In VS 2008 we can configure this split view feature to vertically, this allows developers to use maximum screen on

laptops and wide-screen monitors.

Here one of the good feature is if you select any HTML or ASP markup text in source window automatically corresponding item will be selected in design

window.

13. HTML JavaScript warnings, not as errors: VS 2005 mixes HTML errors and C# and VB.NET errors and shows in one window. Now VS 2008

separates this and shows javascript and HTML errors as warnings. But this is configurable feature.

14. Debugging .NET Framework Library Source Code:

Now in VS 2008 you can debug the source code of .NET Framework Library methods. Lets say If you want to debug the DataBind() method of DataGrid

control you can place a debugging point over there and continue with debug the source code of DataBind() method.

15. In built Silverlight Library

Earlier we used to install silverlight SDK separately, Now in VS 2008 it is inbuilt, with this you can create, debug and deploy the silverlight

applications.

16. Visual Studio LINQ Designer

Already you know in VS 2005 we have inbuilt SQL Server IDE feature. by this you no need to use any other tools like SQL Server Query Analyzer and SQL Server Enterprise Manger. You have directly database explorer by this you can create connections to your database and you can view the tables and

stored procedures in VS IDE itself. But now in VS 2008 it has View Designer window capability with LINQ-to-SQL.

17. Inbuilt C++ SDK

Earlier It was so difficult to download and configure the C++ SDK Libraries and tools for developing windows based applications. Now it is inbuilt with VS

2008 and configurable

18. Multilingual User Interface Architecture - MUI

MUI is an architecture contains packages from Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office libraries. This supports the user to change the text language

display as he wish.

Visual Studio is now in English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Chinese

Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Japanese, and Korean. Over the next couple of months. Microsoft is reengineering the MUI which supports nine local

languages then you can even view Visual studio in other 9 local languages.

19. Microsoft Popfly Support

Microsoft Popfly explorer is an add-on to VS 2008, by this directly you can deploy or hosting the Silverlight applications and Marshup objects

What do you know about BCL?

The BCL (Base Class Library) is a combination of classes or we can say that it’s a library of functionalities and types available to all languages that used

in .NET Framework. To make the programmer job more easier dot net gave a advantage to includes the BCL in order to collect a large number of common functions, just like to read a file and write to file, graphic rendering, database interaction, and XML document manipulation at one place . The scope of this is large and standard libraries for most other languages, including C++, and would be comparable in scope to the standard libraries is just like Java. The

BCL is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Framework Class Library (FCL), which is a superset including the Microsoft namespaces.

In Assembly which work as GacBrowser ?

The GACPicker class allows the user to select an assembly from the Global Assembly Cache. It does this by looking at the filesystem representation of

the GAC, since there appears to be no actual API in the current .NET environment.

What is purpose of Assembly Linker or define SDK Tool in .NET Framework?

In .NET whole the working should be with the helps of DLLs.So all of Visual Studio .Net compilers gernate assemblies or u can say dll.If we want to

create an assembly with manifest of a module.We can also put this assembly in seprate file.This AL tol gernate a file with an assembly manifest from

modules or resources fles.The syntax of using Al.exe is   al [sources] [options]

This tool helps in creating multi-file assembly outside Visual Studio .Net .This multi file can contain modules that are written in diffrenet langauage in one

application.

Describe the term Channel in .Net Remoting

In .Net Remoting, an application use Channel to send message to another application which is runing in different domain or process. Before sending message, Channel converts message into appropriate format like XML or

binary format. The channel that carries message(Mashalled parameter) can use protocal like TCP and HTTP. Channel can be HTTPChannel and

TCPChannel. The HTTPChannel use soapFormatter to serialize messages into the XML format using SOAP protocal. Using SOAP method allows the client to

call method on the remote object that might not be using .Net framework. The TCPChannel use binaryFormatter to serialize message into binary

stream.

Describe the type of remotable objects in .Net Remoting.

Marshal-by-value-objects - When client calls a method on marshal-by-value-object, the remoting system creates a copy of this object and passes

the copy to the client application domain. The copy hence received can handle any method call in client domain. Using Marshal-by-value-object

reduces resource consuming trip across network. Marshal-by-reference-object - When client calls a method on Marshal by

reference object, the remoting system create proxy object in the caller application that contains the reference of all method and properties of the

object.

What are the remotable and non-remotable objects in .Net Remoting.

The remotable objects are the objects which can be distributed accross domains, can be used with domain. The non-remotable objects are the

objects which can't be distributed accross domains. In distributed system, if an object is very big, we can make it non-remotable object.

What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in System.Runtime.Remoting?

None. Security should be taken care of at the application level. Cryptography and other security techniques can be applied at application or server level.

What are the consideration in deciding to use .NET Remoting or ASP.NET Web Services?

Remoting is a more efficient communication exchange when you can control both ends of the application involved in the communication process. Web

Services provide an open-protocol-based exchange of informaion. Web Services are best when you need to communicate with an external

organization or another (non-.NET) technology.

Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a web service as opposed to a non-serviced .NET

component?

When to use Web Service:

1. Communicating through a Firewall When building a distributed application with 100s/1000s of users spread over multiple locations, there is always the problem of communicating between client and server because of firewalls and proxy servers. Exposing your middle tier components as Web Services

and invoking the directly from a Windows UI is a very valid option.

2. Application Integration When integrating applications written in various languages and running on disparate systems. Or even applications running

on the same platform that have been written by separate vendors.

3. Business-to-Business Integration This is an enabler for B2B intergtation which allows one to expose vital business processes to authorized supplier

and customers. An example would be exposing electronic ordering and invoicing, allowing customers to send you purchase orders and suppliers to

send you invoices electronically.

4. Software Reuse This takes place at multiple levels. Code Reuse at the Source code level or binary componet-based resuse. The limiting factor here

is that you can reuse the code but not the data behind it. Webservice overcome this limitation. A scenario could be when you are building an app

that aggregates the functionality of serveral other Applicatons. Each of these functions could be performed by individual apps, but there is value in

perhaps combining the the multiple apps to present a unifiend view in a Portal or Intranet.

When not to use Web Services:

1. Single machine Applicatons When the apps are running on the same machine and need to communicate with each other use a native API. You

also have the options of using component technologies such as COM or .NET Componets as there is very little overhead.

2. Homogeneous Applications on a LAN If you have Win32 or Winforms apps that want to communicate to their server counterpart. It is much more

efficient to use DCOM in the case of Win32 apps and .NET Remoting in the case of .NET Apps.

Third Party ASP.NET Grid control

ComponentArt Grid for ASP.NET

Features and Benefits

Advanced Client Programming: Powerful client-side API featuring Microsoft AJAX library syntax allows for total control over structure and data,

with persistence to the server.

Widest ASP.NET Framework Support: ComponentArt Grid is available for ASP.NET 1.0, ASP.NET 2.0, ASP.NET AJAX and ASP.NET 3.5.

Comprehensive AJAX Support: Paging, sorting, filtering, grouping, and editing can be performed through AJAX callbacks - without reloading the

page.

Multi-mode Operation: ComponentArt Grid features the ability to operate in Client, Callback, and Server modes.

Client-side Templates: Client-side templates dramatically decrease page footprint and enable innovative new features such as real-time data

previewing while paging.

Fast and Lightweight: ComponentArt Grid offers the lightest page footprint and fastest performance in the industry.

Cross-Browser Compatibility: Supports IE5-7, Firefox 1-2, Netscape 7-8, Mozillas, Opera 8-9, Safari 1.

Other Features: Column resizing and reordering, hierarchical display of tables, selection of multiple records, record editing, conditional formatting,

context menus, and keyboard control.

Refrence by : ComponentArt

ASPxGridView Suite

We can tell you that it is blazing fast, dependable, and fully optimized. We can tell you that it has no match in the marketplace and we can show you that whether you have 1000 rows to display or 1 million, the ASPxGridView can make advanced UI features such as sorting, grouping, and summary

computations available without bringing your server to its knees. We can tell you all of these things, but it might be better to hear it from an independent

source...One that in a recent review said the ASPxGridView has "No Competition".

Features and Benefits

Blazing Fast Data Mining and Analysis FeaturesAJAX-enabled Features and API

Data EditingAdditional Capabilities and Features

ASP.NET Shared Framework

Shared Framework OverviewAJAX-Enabled Features and API

Miscellaneous FeaturesASP.NET Themes

XHTML Compliance

Refrence by : devexpress

WebGrid for ASP.NET

WebGrid™ is a full featured, search engine-friendly, hierarchical AJAX grid control for ASP.NET 2.0 (and up) that allows binding and professional display

of your data in whatever style or manner best fits your needs. AJAX functionality built into the WebGrid provides benefits such as allowing the

data grid to automatically and quietly send AJAX requests (on client browsers that support this technology) so that behind the scenes it can repaint the UI and provide a rich and responsive user experience. The many capabilities of the WebGrid make it ideal for users that need to work interactively with data exposed by your Web application. These features include ASP.NET templates

for rows and columns, sorting, filtering, group-by, scrolling columns while one or more other columns are fixed in place, and many other features.

Rich Data Entry

When you combine the presentation of WebGrid with the embeddable editors in our set of WebEditors™ you can produce a rich data entry application in

no time. You can embed the masked editor, numeric editor, date time editor, date dropdown, and custom button into any grid column. The WebCombo™ allows editing grid column values through powerful multi-column selection lists, with type-ahead, and many features like fade-in effects, shadows, and

alpha blending where supported by the browser.

Features at a Glance

No-Touch AJAX Control - With zero code, enable AJAX for the grid control to supercharge your users' scrolling, sorting, paging and hierarchical

navigation.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) - By detecting over twenty different crawlers and then generating search engine-friendly HTML output, the

WebGrid increases your data's visibility for better search engine rankings.

High Performance - We have optimized our rendering to include as little HTML as possible and leverage industry-standards like CSS to reduce inline

styles, plus, you don't need to enable ViewState to execute all of the functionality inherent in our ASP.NET grid control.

Spreadsheet Support - Excel copy and paste along with exporting to (or reading from) Excel makes transferring data a breeze. Column pinning,

stationary headers, and row filtering make viewing deep flat and hierarchical data a pleasurable experience.

Client Side Object Model (CSOM) - Manipulate virtually any WebGrid object on the client in JavaScript using the CSOM in conjunction with the grid being

an AJAX control capable of creating the richest possible client side experience.

Custom Navigation - Using WebNavBar™, our custom hierarchical data grid navigation control for ASP.NET, you can give your users additional navigation

choices not available in standard paging scenarios.

Application Styling - We provide an entire library of style sets with which you can adorn your ASP.NET Web site with a professional look or common

functional style (Office 2007, Mac and others). Application Styling can apply coordinated color schemes, creative border solutions, decorative imagery

and fonts with as little as one setting, or you can create and share your own with our very intuitive NetAdvantage AppStylist® tool for ASP.NET.

Browser Support - Internet Explorer 6.0 and above, and FireFox 1.0 and above (both Windows and Mac).

Section 508 Compliance - Our ASP.NET grid control is in full compliance with Workforce Investment Act of 1998 Sub-section 508 regarding information

access for people with disabilities.

Refrence by : Infragistics

RadGrid for ASP.NET AJAX

RadGrid for ASP.NET AJAX is the fastest and most feature-rich Datagrid for ASP.NET, designed to provide desktop-like user experience with minimum HTML output. RadGrid provides real-time performance as well as almost

codeless development experience for a rich variety of features.

Key Features

Codeless Development ExperiencePowerful Databinding

Unbeatable PerformanceExtensive VS.NET Design-time Support

Hierarchical GridsOutlook-style Grouping

Rich Data editing controlsExtensive Client-Side Functionality

Exporting DataSearch Engine Optimization

Client-side databinding with LINQ to SQL

Refrence by : telerik

obout ASP.NET Grid

Key Features

Impressive Performance: millions of records in 2 seconds Rich Design-Time support ASP.NET AJAX compatible Cross-browser compatible

SortingSimple sorting

Multi-column sorting

Record selectionSingle record selectionMulti-record selection

Keeping selected records when chanhing the page

TemplatesTemplates for displaying data

Templates for Add/Edit controlsTemplates for the Filter

Row TemplatesUsing Scrollbars

Vertical with Fixed HeadersHorizontal

Both

GroupingGrouping the records

Displaying information for each group

LocalizationLocalize the Grid to any language

Rich Design-Time SupportConfigure data-source

Add/Edit/Delete columnsConfigure appearance

Configure general settingsAdd/Edit/Delete templatesBrowse online resources

PagingPaging

Manual pagingCustomizing number of pagesCustomizing page-size selector

Much more

Refrence by : Obout

What is Com Marshler and its importance in .NET ?

Com Marshler is one of useful component of CLR. Its Task is to marshal data between Managed and Unmanaged environment .It helps in representation of data accross diffrenet execution enviroment.It performs the conversion of

data format between manage and unmanaged code.By the helps of Com Marshlar CLR allows manage code to interoperate with unmanaged code.

Can you define what is SharePoint and some overview about this ?

SharePoint helps workers for  creating  powerful personalized interfaces only by dragging and drop pre-defined Web Part Components. And these Web

Parts components also helps non programmers to get information which care and customize the appearance of Web pages. To under stand it we take an example  one Web Part might display a user's information another might

create a graph showing current employee status  and a third might show a list of Employees Salary. This is also possible that each functions has a link to

a video or audio presentation.So now  Developers are unable to  create these Web Part components and make them available to SharePoint users.

What you thing about the WebPortal ?

Web portal is nothing but a page that allows a user to customize his/her homepage. We can use Widgets to create that portal we have only to drag

and drop widgets on the page. The user can set his Widgets on any where on the page where he has to get them. Widgets are nothing but a page area that helps particular function to response. Widgets example are address books, contact lists, RSS feeds, clocks, calendars, play lists, stock tickers,

weather reports, traffic reports, dictionaries, games and another such beautiful things that we can not imagine. We can also say Web Parts in Share

Point Portal. These are one of Ajax-Powered.

Does .NET CLR and SQL SERVER run in different process?

Dot Net CLR and all .net realtes application and Sql Server run in same process or we can say that that on the same address because there is no

issue of speed because if these two process are run in different process then there may be a speed issue created one process goes fast and other slow

may create the problem.

Define SMTPclient class in DotNet framework class libarary?

Each classes in dotnet framework inclue some properties,method and events.These properties ,methods and events are member of a

class.SMTPclient class mainly concern with sending mail.This class contain the folling member.

Properties:-Host:-The name or IP address of email server.

Port:-Port that is use when sending mail.Methods:-

Send:-Enables us to send email synchronously.SendAsynchronous:-Enables us to send an email asynchronously.

Event:-SendCompleted:-This event raised when an asynchronous send opertion

completes.

What do you mean by three-tier architecture?

The three-tier architecture was comes into existence to improve management of code and contents and to improve the performance of the

web based applications.There are mainly three layers in three-tier architecture.the are define as follows

(1)Presentation (2)Business Logic

(3)Database (1)First layer Presentation contains mainly the interface code, and this is

shown to user. This code could contain any technology that can be used on the client side like HTML, JavaScript or VBScript etc.

(2)Second layer is Business Logic which contains all the code of the server-side .This layer have code to interact with database database and to query, manipulate, pass data to user interface and handle any input from the UI as

well. (3)Third layer Data represents the data store like MS Access, SQL Server, an XML file, an Excel file or even a text file containing data also some addtional

database are also added to that layers.

How Visual SourceSafe helps Us ?

One of the powerful tool provided by Microsoft to keep up-to-date of files system its keeps records of file history once we add files to source safe it can

be add to database and the changes ade by diffrenet user to this files are maintained in database from that we can get the older version of files to.This

also helps in sharing,merging of files.

What is cross page posting in ASP.NET2.0 ?

When we have to post data from one page to another in application we used server.transfer method but in this the URL remains the same but in cross

page posting there is little different there is normal post back is done but in target page we can access values of server control in the source page.This is

quite simple we have to only set the PostBackUrl property of Button,LinkButton or imagebutton which specifies the target page.In target

page we can access the PreviousPage property.And we have to use the @PreviousPageType directive.We can access control of PreviousPage by

using the findcontrol method.When we set the PostBackURL property ASP.NET framework bind the HTML and Javascript function automatically.

Describe the Provider Model and Personalization in ASP.NET 2.0?

The Provider model in ASP.NET 2.0 is based on the Provider Design Pattern that was created in the year 2002 and later implemented in the .NET

Framework 2.0.

The Provider Model supports automatic creation of users and their respective roles by creating entries of them directly in the SQL Server (May even use MS Access and other custom data sources). So actually, this model also

supports automatically creating the user table's schema.

The Provider model has 2 security providers in it: Membership provider and Role Provider. The membership provider saves inside it the user name (id)

and corresponding passwords, whereas the Role provider stores the Roles of the users.

For SQL Server, the SqlMembershipProvider is used, while for MS Access, the AccessMembershipProvider is used. The Security settings may be set using

the website adminstration tool. Automatically, the AccessMembershipProvider creates a Microsoft Access database file named

aspnetdb.mdb inside the application's App_Data folder. This contains 10 tables.

ASP.NET 2.0 Personalization - Personalization allows information about visitors to be persisted on a data store so that the information can be useful to the visitor when they visit the site again. In ASP.NET 2.0, this is controlled

by a Personalization API. Before the Personalization Model came into existence, the prior versions of ASP.NET used of the old Session object to

take care of re-visits. Now comes the Profile object.

In order to use a Profile object, some settings need to be done in web.config. The example below shall explain how to use a profile object:

//Add this to System.Web in web.config

'In Page_Load event, add the following...

If Profile.FirstName <> "" Then Panel1.Visible = False

Response.Write("Welcome Back Dear :, " & Profile.FirstName & ", " & Profile.LastName)

Else Panel1.Visible = True

End If

'Here is the code how to save the profile properties in an event to save itProfile.FirstName = txtFirstName.Text Profile.LastName = txtLastName.Text

What is IIS Metabase? How to edit IIS metabase? How to backup IIS metabase file?

IIS Metabase - sounds like geek stuff right! What is IIS Metabase??? In the simplest words, IIS metabase is the repository of the configuration values that are set in the Internet Information Server (IIS). The IIS metabase in an

XML file. It may be controlled through program or manually too.

In order to edit IIS metabase entries, the user needs to have administrative rights on the system. To do this, in run window, type "inetmgr". Browse to

"Local Computer" and right click it. Click on "Properties". Select the "Enable Direct Metabase Edit" check box.

Many times, due to the existence of multiple versions of .NET framework, some settings in the IIS metabase may get affected and cause your program not to run. For such scenarios, you may take a backup of the IIS metabase XML file and recover it. To create a portable backup, open run window and

type "inetmgr". Next browse to "Local Computer" and go to "All Tasks". Next, click on Backup/Restore Configuration. Next, click on "Create Backup". In the

textbod box for Configuration Backup name, type a name for your backup file. Also select the encrypt backup option and type a password. To finish the

process, click "OK".

Search for Metabase.xml file on your IIS Web Server.

What is Authentication? What are the different types of Authentication?

In a client-server environment, there are plenty of cases where the server has to interact and identify the client that sends a request to the server.

Authentication is the process of determining and confirming the identity of the client.

If a client is not successfully identified, it is said to be anonymous.

Types of AuthenticationWindows Authentication

Forms AuthenticationPassport Authentication

Essentially the Windows Authentication and Forms Authentication are the

famous ones, as Passport Authentication is related to a few websites (like microsoft.com, hotmail.com, msn.com etc. only).

Windows Authentication is implemented mostly in Intranet scenarios. When a browser (client) sends a Request to a server where in windows

authentication has been implemented, the initial request is anonymous in nature. The server sends back a Response with a message in HTTP Header. This Prompts a Window to display a Modal Dialog Box on the browser, where

the end user may enter the "User name" and "Password".

The end user enters the credentials, which are then validated against the User Store on the Windows server. Note that each user who access the Web

Application in a Windows Authentication environment needs to have a Windows Account in the company network.

How to avoid or disable the modal dialog box in a Windows Authentication environment?

By enabling the Windows Integrated Authentication checkbox for the web application through settings in IIS.

Forms Authentication is used in Internet based scenarios, where its not practical to provide a Windows based account to each and every user to the

Web Server. In a Forms Authentication environment, the user enters credentials, usually a User Name and a corresponding Password, which is

validated against a User Information Store, ideally a database table.

Forms Authentication Ticket is the cookie stored on the user's computer, when a user is authenticated. This helps in automatically logging in a user when he/she re-visits the website. When a Forms Authentication ticket is created, when a user re-visits a website, the Forms Authentication Ticket

information is sent to the Web Server along with the HTTP Request.

What is the Website Administrative Tool in ASP.NET 2.0 ?

In ASP.NET 2.0, while using Visual Studio 2005 Express Edition or above, the development IDE provides an interface for editing the web.config rather than

manually editing the web.config.

In the IDE, click on "Website" and then on "ASP.NET Configuration". This shall open the Website configuration tool. Note that the Web Site Administration

Tool is a set of prebuilt ASP.NET 2.0 webpages and resources that are located within the C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\aspnet_webadmin\2_0_40607

directory.

Describe the security authentication flow and process in ASP.NET?

When a user requests a web page, there exists a process of security too, so that every anonymous user is checked for authentication before gaining

access to the webpage. The following points are followed in the sequence for authentication when a client attempts a page request:

* A .aspx web page residing on an IIS web server is requested by an end user* IIS checks for the user's credentials

* Authentication is done by IIS. If authenticated, a token is passed to the ASP.NET worker process along with the request

* Based on the authentication token from IIS, and on the web.config settings for the requested resource, ASP.NET impersonates the end user to the

request thread. For impersonation, the web.config impersonate attribute's value is checked.

What are the types of WPF Applications ?

The following four types of WPF applications are available through .NET Framework 3.0 within Visual Studio 2005:

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 Windows Application—The .NET Framework 3.0 Windows Application is essentially the equivalent of a .NET Windows Forms

project with all the perks of the WPF API.

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 XAML Browser Application—The .NET Framework 3.0 XAML Browser Application (XBAP) is the WPF version of an ASP.NET web application, with a limited amount of WPF namespaces and functionality

available to it, because of the browser’s security access limitations on the client.

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 Service Library Project—The .NET Framework 3.0 Service Library is a Windows Communication Foundation project type and is

not held within its sibling WPF platform.

❑ .NET Framework 3.0 Custom Control Library Project—The .NET Framework 3.0 Custom

Control Library is a project designed to output a reusable control that can be redistributed to a .NET application in the form of a dynamic-link library

(DLL) .NET assembly.

What is one way operation?

IsOneWay equal to true ensures that the client does not have to wait for the response. So methods marked by IsOneWay to true should always return

void. In this the caller does not get anything in return so it is called as one-way communication. In order to understand one way implementation in WCF

lets make a code walkthrough of a sample.

Above is the code snippet which describes practically how one way works in WCF. The above given code snippet is numbered. Below is the explanation

according to the numbers marked in figure:1 - This is the code snippet of the server service. We have created a method

called as doHugeTask. doHugeTask basically makes the method sleep for 5000 MS and then displays the time when the task is completed.

2 - This code snippet is for client. It creates a proxy object of serviceIsOneWay and calls the doHugeTask method. After calling the

doHugeTask the client execution continues ahead. So as a proof we display the time when the method calling was completed.

3 - This screen shot shows the output given by both server and client. The top window displays the server output and the below windows displays the

client output. So run the server program first i.e. ServiceIsOneWay and run the client later. You will see the client runs the doHugeTask and moves ahead. So the client

completion time is less than the server. One more thing to understand is that one way does not give any notification back of completion. So it’s like fire

and forget.

Before in my VB app I would just load the icons from DLL. How can I load the icons provided by .NET dynamically?

By using System.Drawing.SystemIcons class' for example System.Drawing.SystemIcons.Warning produces an Icon with a warning sign

in it. 

What,s typical about a Windows process in regards to memory allocation?

Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space' no process can access another process' code or data. If the process crashes' it dies

alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down.

What are the various ways of hosting a WCF service?

There are three major ways to host a WCF service:

Self hosting the service in his own application domain. This we have already covered in the first section. The service comes in to existence when you

create the object of ServiceHost class and the service closes when you call the Close of the ServiceHost class.

Host in application domain or process provided by IIS Server. Host in Application domain and process provided by WAS (Windows

Activation Service) Server.

what are the advantages of hosting WCF Services in IIS as compared to self hosting?

There are two main advantages of using IIS over self hosting:Automatic activation

IIS provides automatic activation that means the service is not necessary to be running in advance. When any message is received by the service it then

launches and fulfills the request. But in case of self hosting the service should always be running.

Process recyclingIf IIS finds that a service is not healthy that means if it has memory leaks etc,

IIS recycles the process. Ok let us try to understand what is recycling in IIS process. For every browser instance a worker process is spawned and the

request is serviced. When the browser disconnects the worker process stops and you loose all information. IIS also restarts the worker process. By default

the worker process is recycled at around 120 minutes. So why does IIS recycle. By restarting the worker process it ensures any bad code or memory

leak do not cause issue to the whole system.In case of self hosting both the above features you will need to code yourself. Lot of work right!!. That's why IIS is the best option for hosting services until

you are really doing something custom.Below figure shows where the recycle option is located in IIS. You need to

click on the DefaultAppool and then Properties.

What is the difference WCF and Web services?

Web services can only be invoked by HTTP. While Service or a WCF component can be invoked by any protocol and any transport type. Second web services are not flexible. But Services are flexible. If you make a new version of the service then you need to just expose a new end point. So services are agile and which is a very practical approach looking at the

current business trends.

How can we host a service on two different protocols on a single server?

Let’s first understand what this question actually means. Let’s say we have made a service and we want to host this service using HTTP as well as TCP. You must be wondering why to ever host services on two different types of protocol. When we host a service it’s consumed by multiple types of client

and it’s very much possible that they have there own protocol of communication. A good service has the capability to downgrade or upgrade

its protocol according the client who is consuming him. Let’s do a small sample in which we will host the ServiceGetCost on TCP and

HTTP protocol.

Once we are done the server side coding its time to see make a client by which we can switch between the protocols and see the results. Below is the

code snippet of the client side for multi-protocol hosting

What is three major points in WCF?

1) Address --- Specifies the location of the service which will be like http://Myserver/MyService.Clients will use this location to communicate with

our service.

2)Contract --- Specifies the interface between client and the server.It's a simple interface with some attribute.

3)Binding --- Specifies how the two paries will communicate in term of transport and encoding and protocols.

What is WCF?

Windows Communication Foundation (formerly code-named "Indigo") is a set of .NET technologies for building and running connected systems. It is a new

breed of communications infrastructure built around the Web services architecture.

Windows Communication Foundation is Microsoft's unified programming model for building service-oriented applications with managed code. It extends the .NET Framework to enable developers to build secure and reliable transacted Web services that integrate across platforms and

interoperate with existing investments. Windows Communication Foundation combines and extends the capabilities of existing Microsoft distributed

systems technologies, including Enterprise Services, System.Messaging, Microsoft .NET Remoting, ASMX, and WSE to deliver a unified development experience across multiple axes, including distance (cross-process, cross-

machine, cross-subnet, cross-intranet, cross-Internet), topologies (farms, fire-walled, content-routed, dynamic), hosts (ASP.NET, EXE, Windows

Presentation Foundation, Windows Forms, NT Service, COM+), protocols (TCP, HTTP, cross-process, custom), and security models (SAML, Kerberos,

X509, username/password, custom).

Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher?

The tracing dumps can be quite verbose. For applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive. Five

levels range from None to Verbose, allowing you to fine-tune the tracing activities.

Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected?

To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.

How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application?

Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.

What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing?

1.Positive test cases (correct data, correct output).2. Negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling).

3. Exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).

Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application?

Yes. If you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.

What Features Are in Silverlight?

Silverlight combines multiple technologies into a single development platform that enables you to select the right tools and the right programming

language for your needs. Silverlight offers you the following features:

WPF and XAML. Silverlight includes Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) technology, which greatly extends the elements in the browser for creating

UI. WPF lets you create immersive graphics, animation, media, and other rich client features, extending browser-based UI beyond what is available with HTML alone. Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) provides a

declarative markup syntax for creating WPF elements.See Creating User Interfaces with Silverlight for more information.

Extensions to JavaScript. Silverlight provides extensions to the universal browser scripting language that provide powerful control over the browser

UI, including the ability to work with WPF elements.See Silverlight 1.0 - Development with JavaScript for more information.Cross-browser, cross-platform support. Silverlight runs the same on all popular browsers (on any platform). You can design and develop your

application without having to worry about which browser or platform your users have.

See Creating and Deploying Silverlight Applications for more information.Integration with existing applications. Silverlight integrates seamlessly with your existing JavaScript and ASP.NET AJAX code to complement functionality

you have already created.See Integrating Silverlight with ASP.NET Web Pages for more information.

Access to the .NET Framework programming model and to associated tools. You can create Silverlight-based applications using dynamic languages such

as managed JScript and IronPython as well as languages such as C# and Visual Basic. You can use development tools such as Visual Studio to create

Silverlight-based applications.See Common Language Runtime and Base Class Library in Silverlight and

Dynamic Languages in Silverlight 2 for more information.LINQ. Silverlight includes language-integrated query (LINQ), which enables

you to program data access using intuitive native syntax and strongly typed objects in .NET Framework languages.

See Parsing XML Data in Silverlight for more information.If you already use ASP.NET, you can integrate Silverlight with the server and

client capabilities of ASP.NET that you are familiar with. You can create server-based resources in ASP.NET and use the AJAX capabilities of ASP.NET

to interact with server-based resources without interrupting the user.

Reference by :http://msdn.microsoft.com

What Is Silverlight?

Silverlight enables you to create a state-of-the-art application that has the following features:

It is a cross-browser, cross-platform technology. It runs in all popular Web browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple

Safari, and on Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X.It provides a consistent experience no matter where it runs.

It is supported by a very small download that installs in seconds.It streams video and audio. It scales video quality to everything from mobile

devices to desktop browsers to 720p HDTV video modes.It includes compelling graphics that users can manipulate—drag, turn, zoom

—directly in the browser.It reads data and updates the display, but it doesn't interrupt the user by

refreshing the whole page.Silverlight-based application with rich graphics and user interactionWeb developers and graphics designers can create Silverlight-based

applications in a variety of ways. You can use Silverlight markup to create media and graphics, and manipulate them with dynamic languages and

managed code. Silverlight also enables you to use professional-quality tools like Visual Studio for coding and Microsoft Expression Blend for layout and

graphic design.

Reference by :http://msdn.microsoft.com

SMTP and POP3 Mail server Setting

Yahoo! Mail Settings

Yahoo Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.mail.yahoo.com (port 110)Yahoo Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP) - smtp.mail.yahoo.com (port 25)

Yahoo Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com (SSL enabled, port 995)

Yahoo Outgoing Mail Server (SMTP) - plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com (SSL enabled, port 465)

Google GMail Settings

Google Gmail Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.gmail.com (SSL enabled, port 995)

Google Gmail Outgoing Mail Server - use the SMTP mail server address provided by your local ISP or smtp.gmail.com (SSL enabled, port 465)

Lycos Mail Settings

Lycos Mail Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.mail.lycos.com (port 110)Lycos MailOutgoing Mail Server - smtp.mail.lycos.com or use your local ISP

SMTP mail server

AOL Mail Settings

AOL Incoming Mail Server (IMAP) - imap.aol.com (port 143)AOL Outgoing Mail Server - smtp.aol.com or use your local ISP SMTP mail

server

Mail.com Mail Settings

Mail.com Mail Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop1.mail.com (port 110)Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Netscape Internet Service Mail Settings

Netscape Internet Service Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.3.isp.netscape.com (port 110)

Netscape Internet Service Outgoing Mail Server - smtp.isp.netscape.com (port 25, using a secure SSL connection)

Tiscali Mail Settings

Tiscali Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.tiscali.com (port 110)Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Freeserve Mail Settings

Freeserve Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.freeserve.com (port 110)Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Supanet Mail Settings

Supanet Incoming Mail Server (POP3) - pop.supanet.com (port 110)Outgoing Mail Server - use your local ISP SMTP mail server

Using COM components in .NET and How to add a reference to a COM component?

The .NET does not encourage the use of COM component directly inside the managed application! Although, the .NET framework contains utilities that

enable COM components to be used inside the .Net applications seamlessly. How it is done? The .NET utilities like TlbImp generates the wrapper .NET

assembly for the COM component which provides the same calling interface to the client as exposed by the COM component. Inside the wrapper

methods, it calls the actual methods of the COM component and returns the result back to the caller. The generated wrapper .NET assembly is called the

‘Runtime Callable Wrapper’ or RCW. To use a COM component in your Visual Studio.NET project, you need to add a reference of the COM component in the Reference node of the project node

of the solution inside the solution explorer window. The great thing about Visual Studio.Net is that it allows you to add a reference to the COM

component in exactly the similar way as you add the reference to the .NET

assembly. The Visual Studio.NET automatically creates the runtime callable wrapper assembly for the referenced COM component.

To add a reference to a COM component, right click the ‘Reference’ node under the project node inside the solution explorer and select the ‘Add Reference…’ option. It will show you a user interface screen where you

browse for the target COM component. When you have selected the component, press the ‘Select’ button and then press OK. This will add a new

reference node in the Reference sub tree of the project. By selecting the added reference node, you can edit its properties from the properties

window. Note: The process of importing a COM component into .NET is called ‘COM

interoperability with .NET’

What are XML Doc comments (comments start with three slashes ///)?

The XML Doc comments are special kind of comments that can be recognized by Document utility to automatically generate the documentation

of your methods, types and regions.

How true it is that .NET and Java programs are quite in-efficient when compared to C++?

The startup of managed .NET and Java programs is definitely slower than the traditional C++ programs as it involves the hosting of CLR into managed

application process in .NET and starting the JVM in a new process in case of Java. The execution also is a bit slower during the initial period of program

execution as the intermediate code is translated to the machine code on the fly at runtime. But as the program runs various parts repeatedly, the

execution gets pace too. Since, the CLR and JVM optimizes the code more efficiently than the static C++ compilers, the execution speed of the

program may actually be faster after sometime of the program startup when most of the code is translated. Hence, in the longer run, the .Net and Java

based programs should not be in-efficient when compared to C++. We used ‘should’ here as the actual performance depends on the particular

implementation and implementation strategy.

What are the shortcomings of MS.NET platform?

The foremost short coming of .NET platform is that it is still the propriety of Microsoft. It is more coupled with the Microsoft Windows operating system

and is implemented only on Microsoft Windows successfully. MS.NET desktop applications can run only on Microsoft Windows, Web based applications and web services can only be deployed on Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS). Since, dot net framework contains a lot of utilities, components, and

framework class libraries, the size of downloadable framework is quite large (25MB compared to 5MB size of JVM). Not all types of applications can be written in .NET managed applications, for example, you can’t write CLR or

Operating System in your managed applications. The managed .Net applications are somewhat slower to start and run than the traditional Win32 applications. The compiled code of .Net managed applications is easier to de-

compile back to the source code.

Why should one use MS.NET for software development?

Well, most of the software development all over the world is done on and for Microsoft Windows Operating System. Dot Net is now the standard software development environment for the Microsoft Windows operating system. It

dramatically simplifies the development of windows, web based, data access applications, components, controls and web services. Dot net comes with amazing features like XML configuration, reflection, and attributes to ease

the overall software development life cycle. Finally, the dot net is supported by the Microsoft Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment; the

best IDE available for any software development environment. Visual Studio .NET (VS.NET) supports all the areas of software development from

project creation to debugging and installation.

What does one need to build or execute .NET applications?

To execute a standalone .NET application (Windows or Console application), one needs to first compile all its constituent assemblies and modules

including the executable assembly. Once, the constituent assemblies are compiled, one needs to make sure that the target system contains the .NET framework. The application can now be executed by running its executable

assembly (the .exe file). The executable assembly (.exe) is a Win32 executable that hosts the .Net CLR (Common Language Runtime), which

exists as a COM component, in its process space and initializes it. Once the CLR is hosted and initialized, the starting point of the .NET executable

assembly is passed to the hosted CLR which starts the execution of the program by translating and executing the parts of the program code.

What is the difference between an executable assembly and a class library?

An executable assembly exists as the .exe file while a class library exists as the .dll file. Executable assembly represent executable applications having some entry (e.g., Main() method in C#). A class library, on the other hand, contains components and libraries to be used inside various applications. A Class library can not be executed and thus it does not have any entry point.

What are the differences between a .NET Assembly, a Windows DLL and a COM Component?

A Windows DLL contains library code to be used by any program running on Windows. A DLL may contain either structured or object oriented libraries.

COM (Component Object Model) is the component model based on the object oriented design, which means that the components represented by the COM

component exists in the form of classes and objects implementing a standard specification defined by COM. COM components can be used by any program running on Windows Operating System; be it is written with VB, C+

+, Java or even some .NET compliant language like C# and VB.NET.

Dot NET assembly is the component standard specified by the .NET. Hence, dot net assemblies are understandable to only Microsoft.NET and can be

used only in .NET managed applications.

What is the difference between traditional development and .NET development?

In traditional programming languages, the source code of a program is compiled to a specific platform’s assembly language and then machine

language code. Later the library code required by the program is linked to it. Finally the operating system executes the program when desired by the

user. The complete process is depicted in the following figure

In the presence of dot net framework, a program is not compiled to the native machine executable code; rather it gets compiled to an intermediate language code called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) or Common

Intermediate Language (CIL). The Dot Net Common Language Runtime (CLR) then converts this intermediate code at runtime to the machine executable

code. The optimization is carried out at runtime. A program also does not call the operating system APIs directly; rather it delegates this task to the CLR

which performs the desired operations on behalf of the program and returns the results of the operations back to the program. The CLR also performs the memory management, garbage collection, security and thread management on behalf of the program. Dot NET framework is shipped with the supporting

object oriented framework of common code libraries, called the .NET Framework Class Library (FCL), to facilitate the common operations. Hence the .Net manages the overall execution of an application. This is the reason why the code running on .Net framework is sometimes called the managed code. The complete process is depicted in the following Figure. Note that

only the CLR (and thus the .Net framework and not the user application) is interacting and coupled with the platform and operating system.

What about the MS.NET standardization?

Microsoft has secured certification for both C# and CLI from ECMA and ISO/IEC as Industry standards. This is a very important step for Microsoft and .Net platform because this enhances the credibility of the newer .Net

platform and allures a larger portion of technology industry into adopting .Net as their development platform. Several companies and government organizations only utilize ISO certified technologies; for

example, in Australia anything ISO certified is also considered Australian standard according to the rules of the Australian government. Several academic institutions will now be interested in teaching standard C#.

Another major outcome of having an open industry standard specification is .Net platform could be getting ported to other platforms like Linux and UNIX; best example is the Mono Project by Ximian- it is an open source

implementation of .Net platform for UNIX and Linux based on ECMA approved Public Domain Specification of C# and CLI.

Microsoft submitted the specifications to ECMA, which in turn fast-tracked them through ISO. In doing so, Microsoft released all intellectual property in

the core C#/CLI platform to the public domain. No one needs a license to implement C#/CLI. This will also help everybody in better understanding the

implementations of C# and CLI which are at the core of .Net platform. However, the whole of .Net platform is not a Public domain standard-

Microsoft still owns complete Intellectual property rights to several class libraries and API within the .Net platform.

What is ASP.NET Futures?

ASP.NET AJAX Futures

The new release includes support for managing browser history (Back button support), selecting elements by CSS selectors or classes, and information on accessing “Astoria” Web data services. The Futures (July 2007) release adds:

History support for the Safari browser, inclusion of “titles”, encoding and encrypting of server-side history state and the ability to handle history in the

client without a server requirement.

CSS Selectors APIs have been modified to be applicable to W3C recommendations.

A script resource extraction tool that allows you to create script files on disk that originate from embedded resources in assemblies. Important: this

version of the browser history feature is now outdated and should not be used. Instead, please download the ASP.NET 3.5 Extensions Preview, which

contains the new version.

.NET Framework Stack

How to create an AJAX website using Visual Studio?

Using Visual Studio Web Developer Express 2005 & versions above it, Ajax based applications may easily be created. Note that the Ajax Framework &

Ajax Extensions should be installed (In case of VS 2005). If using Visual Studio 2008 Web Developer Express or above, Ajax comes along with it (so

no need of a separate installation).

Steps: Start Visual Studio, Click on File -> New Website -> Under Visual Studio Installed templates -> Select ASP.NET Ajax-Enabled Site. Enter a

location & select OK.

How to handle multiple or concurrent requests in Ajax?

For concurrent requests, declare separate XmlHttpRequest objects for each request. For example, for request to get data from an SQL table1, use

something like this...

xmlHttpObject1.Onreadystatechange = functionfromTable1();

and to get data from another table (say table2) at the same time, use

xmlHttpObject2.Onreadystatechange = functionfromTable2();

Ofcourse, the XmlHttpObject needs to be opened & parameters passed too, like as shown below...

xmlHTTPObject1.open("GET","http://"localhost// " + "Website1/Default1.aspx" true);

Note that the last parameter "true" used above means that processing shall carry on without waiting for any response from the web server. If it is false,

the function shall wait for a response.

What is Dojo?

Dojo is a third-party javascript toolkit for creating rich featured applications. Dojo is an Open Source DHTML toolkit written in JavaScript. It builds on

several contributed code bases (nWidgets, Burstlib, f(m)), which is why we refer to it sometimes as a "unified" toolkit. Dojo aims to solve some long-

standing historical problems with DHTML which prevented mass adoption of dynamic web application development.

What is the ASP.NET Control Toolkit?

Besides the Ajax Framework (which is the Ajax engine) and Ajax Extensions (which contain the default Ajax controls), there is a toolkit called the Ajax

Control Toolkit available for use & download (for free). This is a collection of rich featured, highly interactive controls, created as a joint venture between

Microsoft & the Developer Community.

What are Ajax Extensions?

The ASP.NET Ajax Extensions are set of Ajax-based controls that work in ASP.NET 2 (or above) based applications.

Ofcourse,they also need the Ajax runtime which is actually the Ajax Framework 1.0.

ASP.NET Ajax Extensions 1.0 have to be downloaded to run with ASP.NET 2.0The new ASP.NET 3.5 Framework comes with the Ajax Library 3.5 (containing

the Ajax Extensions 3.5). So in order to use the latest Ajax, simply download .NET 3.5 Framework. Summary :ASP.NET Ajax Extensions 1.0 ->

For ASP.NET 2.0ASP.NET Ajax Extensions 3.5 -> For ASP.NET 3.5

What is the ASP.NET Ajax Framework? What versions have been released so far?

ASP.NET AJAX is a free framework to implement Ajax in asp.net web applications, for quickly creating efficient and interactive Web applications

that work across all popular browsers.The Ajax Framework is powered with

1 - Reusable Ajax Controls2 - Support for all modern browsers

3 - Access remote services and data from the browser without tons of complicated script. Versions of Ajax release

1 - ASP.NET Ajax Framework 1.0 (earlier release to this was called the Atlas)2 - ASP.NET Ajax Framework 1.0 was available as a separate download for

ASP.NET 2.0

What Is LINQ?

LINQ is a uniform programming model for any kind of data. LINQ enables you to query

and manipulate data with a consistent model that is independent from data sources.

LINQ is just another tool for embedding SQL queries into code.LINQ is yet another data abstraction layer.

LINQ is a methodology that simplifies and unifies the implementation of any kind of data

access. LINQ does not force you to use a specific architecture; it facilitates the implementation

of several existing architectures for accessing data. As with every tool, it can be used in both

good and in bad ways. To get the most out of LINQ, you will have to master it.

LINQ to SQL

•Provides object-to-relational mapping within the .NET Framework for Microsoft SQL Server databases

•Access relational data as strongly typed objects using LINQ query expressions

•Language integrated data access–Tables and rows to classes and objects

–Builds on ADO.NET and .NET Transactions•Mapping

–Encoded in attributes or external XML file–Relationships map through properties

•Persistence–Automatic change tracking

–Updates through SQL or stored procedures

Language INtegratedQuery (LINQ)

•New programming model for data access that integrates query support directly within the .NET languages

•Designed to reduce the complexity when working with data•Query operators can be used against any collection–Built-in examples: Select, Where, GroupBy, Join, etc.

–Extensibility model supports extending/replacing these•Benefits

–Work with data in a consistent way, regardless of the type of data–Interact with data as objects

–Better integration with programming languages–Improved productivity through IntelliSense in Visual Studio

What does a Web Part Consists of?

1. The Web Part Assembly file (.dll): which is nothing but a .dll file which contains the entire logic that you, as a developer writes for that web part. It

could be a web part that contains a DataGrid and displays the number of users signed in or a simple DropDownList that populates another

DropDownList within the Web Part.2. The Web Part Description file (.dwp): This contains the default settings stored in XML format for the Web Part which can be utilized to

customize and change Web Part properties. This is not mandatory though it is required while importing from a site or exporting to another site. Note that if your company has around 10,000 employees where each employee may also turn out to be your company's SharePoint site's user, then they can access say, with one particular SPS Site that has a Web Part, options to customize that particular Web Part for each of his / her sessions. That is

where the WSS database tables come into play - storing various configuration and customization information. There's more but let's start off

with this small step.

What kind of a framework does a Web Part possess?

A beautiful one thanks to the level of extensibility that is heavily based on the ASP.Net framework so much so that a Web Part web pages are nothing but ASP.Net web pages while Web Parts are, as mentioned above custom

ASP.Net server controls. Remember that Web Parts inherit from the System.Web.UI.WebControls class.

. Is there a difference between a Web Part and a Server side control?

Yes. ASP.Net controls are added to your application during design time while Web Parts are added to an SPS Site (your application in this case) at design

time or even at run-time by a user. Further, users can also customize settings during run time.