DRUG & ALCOHOL TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS

DRUG & ALCOHOL TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORSPrepared by DAVID HELTON

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR

Purpose of Presentation

• To provide Training for Supervisors as required by FMCSA 382.603

• To provide Reasonable Suspicion training as required by FMCSA 382.307

• To provide 60 minutes of Substance abuse observation training/discussion.

• To provide 60 minutes of Alcohol abuse observation training/discussion.

382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing

(a) An employer shall require a driver to submit to an alcohol test when the employer has reasonable suspicion to believe that the driver has violated prohibitions of subpart (b) of this part concerning alcohol. The employer’s determination that reasonable suspicion exists to require the driver to undergo an alcohol tests must be based on specific contemporaneous (EXISTING OR CREATED IN THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME )

articulable observations concerning work performance, appearance, behavior, speech or body odors of the driver.


(b) An employer shall require a driver to submit to an substance test when the employer has reasonable suspicion to believe that the driver has violated prohibitions of subpart (b) of this part concerning substance abuse. The employer’s determination that reasonable suspicion exists to require the driver to undergo a substance tests must be based on specific contemporaneous, articulable observations concerning the work performance, appearance, behavior, speech or body odors of the driver.


The observations may include indications of the chronic and withdrawal effects of controlled substances.


(c) The required observations for alcohol and/or controlled substances reasonable suspicion testing shall be made by a supervisor or company official who is trained in accordance with 382.603. The person who makes the determination that reasonable suspicion exists to conduct an alcohol test shall not conduct the alcohol test of the driver.


(d) Alcohol testing is authorized by this section only if the observations required by paragraph (a) of this section are made during, just preceding, or just after the period of the work day that the driver is required to be in compliance with this part. A driver may be directed by the employer to only undergo reasonable suspicion testing while the driver is performing safety –sensitive functions, just before safety sensitive functions, or just after the driver has ceased safety-sensitive functions.


(e)(1) If an alcohol test required by this section is not administered within two hours following the determination under paragraph (a) of this section, the employer shall prepare and maintain on file a record stating the reasons the alcohol tests was not promptly administered. If an alcohol test required by this section is not administered within eight hours following the determination under paragraph (a) of this section, the employer shall cease attempts to administer an alcohol test and shall state in the record the reasons for not administering the tests.


(2) Notwithstanding the absence of a reasonable suspicion alcohol tests under this section, no driver shall report for duty or remain on duty requiring the performance of safety-sensitive functions while the driver is under the influence of or impaired by alcohol, as shown by the behavioral, speech, and performance indicators of alcohol misuse, nor shall an employer permit the driver to perform safety-sensitive functions or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions, Until:


(i) An alcohol tests is administered and the drivers Alcohol concentration is less than 0.02 or

(ii) Twenty four hours have elapsed following the determination under paragraph (a) of this section that there is reasonable suspicion to believe that the driver has violated the prohibitions this part concerning the use of alcohol.

382.307 Reasonable Suspicion testing.

(3) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, no employer shall take action under this part against a driver solely based on the drivers behavior and appearance, with respect to alcohol use, in the absence of an alcohol tests. This does not prohibit an employer with independent authority of this part from taking action, otherwise consistent with law.


(f) A written record shall be made of the observations leading to an alcohol or controlled substances reasonable suspicion test, and signed by the supervisor or company official who made the observations , within 24 hours of the observed behavior or before the results of the alcohol or controlled substances tests are released , whichever is earlier

382.603 Training for Supervisors

Each employer shall ensure that all persons designated to supervise drivers receive at least 60 minutes of training on alcohol misuse and receive 60 minutes of training on controlled substances use. . The training will be used by supervisors to determine whether reasonable suspicion exists to require a driver to undergo testing under 382.307. The training shall include the physical, behavioral, speech, and performance indicators of controlled substances . Recurrent training is not required

Stimulants

Amphetamine/Methamphetamine/Cocaine

Also known as: Speed, Ice, Crystal, Crank Coke, Crack, Meth-amphetamine.

Pharmaceutical Names: Adderall, ( Amphetamine for A.d.d.)

Stimulants

• Ecstasy(MDMA), Eve(MDA)

• These drugs will screen positive for Amphetamine or Methamphetamine, but will Confirm Negative for Amphetamine or Methamphetamine.

USDOT does test for these drugs as of 10/01/2010

Meth-amphetamine

The Results of Meth Addiction

http://search.live.com/images/results.aspx?q=methamphetamine&FORM=BIRE



Stimulants Physical Description/Admin.

Coarse Powder Small White to Clear Crystals Capsules Various Size & Colors Tablets Various Size & Colors Snorted, Injected, Smoked,

Swallowed

Stimulants Physical Indicators – Clinical

Effects• Restlessness, body tremors, excitement• Euphoria, talkativeness, anxiety• Dry mouth• Depression, sedation ( post effect)• dilated pupils• elevated temp, burns on lips & hands• Odors of ( cat urine type smell ) • dehydration• Increased Heart Rate, Tachycardia, Palpations,

Arrhythmias

Stimulants .. Appearance, Behavior

• Needle marks on arms

• Long little finger nail ( typical in South American/Mexican users)

• Sniffing

• Redness around nasal area

• Irritability

• Agitation

• Raspy hoarse speech

• Talkativeness

• Twitching/jerking motions

• Swinging of arms

• Lack of concentration

• Looking away from the person who is speaking to them. (hiding the pupils.)

Stimulants

Duration of Effects

• Cocaine – 5 –90 Minutes

• Amphetamine 4 – 8 Hours

• Methamphetamine 12 Hours

• MDMA, MDA – 4 – 8 Hours

StimulantsDetection Times in Urine

Amphetamine/Methamphetamine 1 –2 days in Urine

Cocaine - 2 – 4 days in Urine MDMA, MDA – 1 day

Detection times can increase by frequency of use

Depressants – Sedatives -Hypnotics

Barbiturates, Amytal, Butisol, Nembutal, Luminal, Seconal, Tuinal, Florinal

Also known as Barbs, Downers, TranqsBenzodiazepines, Ativan, Halcion, Librium,

Valium, Xanax, RohypnolAlso known as Bennies, RophiesMethqualone, Quaalude also known as

Ludes

Depressants Physical Description

Administration• Tablets• Capsules• Liquid• White Powder

• Typically Oral , Occasionally injected

Depressants - Physical Indicators Clinical Effects

• Depression, Disorientation

• Sedation, Sluggish

• Droopy Eyelids

• Slowed Slurred Speech

• Hypnotic

• Dilated Pupils

Depressants - Duration of Effects

• Barbiturates 1 – 16 Hours• Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) 4 – 8 hours • Methaqualone – 14 days

Depressants - Detection Times

• Barbiturates 1 day ( short acting ) in Urine

• Barbiturates 2 to 3 weeks ( long acting ) in Urine

• Benzodiazepines 3 days ( short acting ) in Urine

• Benzodiazepines 4 – 6 weeks ( Chronic Use) in Urine

• Methaqualone 14 days


Narcotics – Analgesics – Opiates

Also Known As..

o Smacko Taro Chasing the Dragono Heroino chiva

Heroin

What is heroin? A) Heroin is an illegal, highly addictive opiate drug. Its abuse is more widespread than any other opiate. Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants. It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known on the streets as "black tar heroin." Although purer heroin is becoming more common, most street heroin is "cut" with other drugs or with substances such as sugar, starch, powdered milk, or quinine. Street heroin can also be cut with strychnine or other poisons. Because heroin abusers do not know the actual strength of the drug or its true contents, they are at risk of overdose or death. Heroin also poses special problems because of the transmission of HIV and other diseases that can occur from sharing needles or other injection equipment.


Pharmaceutical Names ..o Heroin ( no longer a Pharmaceutical name )o Morphineo Codeineo Oxy Cotine o Oxycodoneo Dilaudido Percodano Vicodin (hydrocodone)o Propoxyphene (Darvon) No longer availableo Methadone


Physical Description – Administration• White, Brown, or Black Powder• Liquids• Tablets • Capsules• Injectable• Oral• Snorted• Smoked


Physical Indicators – Clinical Effectso Droopy Eyelidso Drowsinesso Depressed reflexeso Raspy slow speecho Depressiono Sedationo Pupil size Pinpointo Shallow Breathing, Slowed Heart Rate


Duration of Effects

o Opiates 4 – 6 Hours

o Methadone Up to 24 hrs

o Propoxyphene up to 24 Hours


Detection Times in Urine

o Opiates 2 days in Urineo Methadone 3 days in Urineo Propoxyphene 6 hrs to 2 days in Urine


Phencyclidine

Also Known As: PCP Angel Dust Sherman

No Pharmaceutical Use Embalming Fluid (Could be component ) Not Widely used

Phencyclidine

Physical Description – Administration Pills Capsules White Powder Oral , Injected, Snorted, Smoked Sherman cigarette dipped in embalming

fluid, dried, then smoked.

Phencyclidine

Physical Indicators – Clinical Effects Blank Stare Incomplete Verbal Response Confusion Odor of Chemical type smell Aggressive Behavior Elevated Blood Pressure

Phencyclidine

Duration of Effects: 4 – 6 Hours

Detection Times 14 days in Urine

LSD – Hallucinogens

• This is not part of USDOT testing, you would need to request under Non-Dot Test.

• Also Known as; Acid• White Crystalline material• Impregnated Sugar Cubes• Blotter Paper• Gelatin SheetsCauses Dilated Pupils , Visual Illusions, Sensory Cross –

Over, Raised Heart Rate Detection Time – 2 –4 Days in Urine ( Specimen is Photo

Sensitive)

Marijuana – Cannabis - THC

• Also Known As

• Dope, Weed, Hemp, Hash, Columbian, Sensemilla

• Street Slang “420”, or “13”, “Chronic”.

• Pharmaceutical Names: Marinol


• Physical Description

• Dry Crusted Leaves, Buds ( Green or Brown)

• Hand Rolled Cigarettes

• Hard Chunks of Resin

• Dark, Viscous Liquid

Marijuana


Administration

• Smoked

• Cooked & Eaten in Foods

• Boiled & Drank as Tea

Marijuana – Cannabis – THC

Physical Indicators - Clinical EffectsRedness of eye or ConjunctivaOdor of MarijuanaIncreased Appetite ( munchies)Disorientation, Agitation ( quick temper)Increased Heart RateIncreased Blood PressurePhotophobiaParanoia


• Duration of Effects

• 2 – 3 Hours Impairment can last up to 24 Hours without self Awareness


• Detection Time in Urine Detection time is just a few days up to 2

months. This is based on the individuals Metabolism, Frequency & Quantity of Use.

Also the Potency of Marijuana Varies which effects the Absorption Rate.

Marijuana is a Fat Bound Metabolite, and this is why detection time is longer.

Alcohol (Ethyl)

• Pharmaceutical Name: Ethanol

• Detected in Urine up to 12 Hours

• Clinical Effects:

• Intoxication

• Loss of Motor Control

• Lethargy (fatigue)

• Aggressive behavior

• Stupor

• Alcohol Odor from Breath & Sweat Glands

Alcohol (Ethyl)

The Rules prohibit a covered employee from performing Safety-Sensitive functions: IF..

A Breath test results indicates an alcohol concentration of 0.040 or greater. This will Require a completion of a SAP (Substance Abuse Professional Evaluation) before returning to Safety-Sensitive functions: or

If they Refuse an Alcohol test.

When Results are 0.020 – 0.039, employee must be removed from Safety-Sensitive for 24 Hours and until they receive a test below 0.020 This is not a violation that requires a SAP (Substance Abuse Professional Evaluation)

Alcohol (Ethyl)

. What is Alcohol ? >Its is a drug > It is a poison (toxin) >It is a food > It is a depressant Acts like Novocain by dulling the nerve

endings. Supplies body energy, Slows body functions, can burn, is volatile, has little smell, “loves” water.

>It is addictive >It impairs performance

Alcohol (Ethyl)

• Chemically alcohol is made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms. There are 3 types of alcohol

• Methyl or Methanol is derived from products containing cellulose. Not for human consumption

• Isopropyl Alcohol is generally used as a disinfectant, not for human consumption.

• Ethyl or Ethanol is derived from fermentation of fruits, vegetables and grains. This is most commonly consumed by humans

Alcohol Blood Levels

• 0.04 % The level at which the American Medical Association determined all people are impaired to some degree. Also USDOT Violation Level

• 0.05 –0.10 % Signs of impairment become more pronounced

• 0.08 % Level of presumptive driver impairment in many states.

• 0.16 % Average DUII arrest.• 0.25 % High Level of Impairment• 0.30-0.40 % Possible Coma result• 0.50% Life Threatening, Death.

Alcohol related Accidents

Questions and Answers

1) What are the observations that a Supervisor must make before determining reasonable suspicion ? appearance , behavior, speech, body odors, Work Performance, Physical indicators.

2) What type of record must be on file within 24 hours of the observed behavior, and before the any test are released ? Written

3) What is the detection time of Cocaine in Urine ? 2 – 4 days

4) What is Phencyclidine ? PCP, Angel Dust

5) What is the Pharmaceutical use PCP ? No Pharmaceutical Use

6) How long is Alcohol detectable in Urine ? Up to 12 Hours

7) Name 1 drugs that are not tested under USDOT? LSD.


8) What is 3 Physical Indicators of Marijuana ?

Redness of eye or Conjunctiva Odor of Marijuana Increased Appetite ( munchies) Disorientation, Agitation ( quick temper) Increased Heart Rate Increased Blood Pressure Photophobia Paranoia


• What are 3 types of Alcohol ?

>Ethyl or Ethanol

> Methyl or Methanol

> Isopropyl


• What level of Alcohol Intoxication is a USDOT Violation ?

0.04% and higher

Recognizing Symptoms

The following are a list of performance and behavior problems that are common to substance abuse. However, it is important to remember that these symptoms do not necessarily indicate as substance abuse problem.

next slide

Recognizing SymptomsPERFORMANCE

• inconsistent work quality • poor concentration• lowered productivity• increased absenteeism• unexplained disappearances from jobsite• errors in judgment• careless mistakes• needless risk taking

Recognizing Symptoms

BEHAVIOR• frequent financial problems• avoidance of friends• blaming others• not looking others in eyes ( looking away to avoid

pupil detection)• Complaints and ill temper• excuses and vaguely defining illnesses• deterioration in personal appearances

Observing and Documenting Current Indicators

• Patterns of Performance and Behavior should be documented by a Supervisor and accompanied by indicators of impairment to establish “Reasonable Cause”. This should be brought to the attention of a Human Resource Medical Nurse or Administrator.

Documenting Current Indicators

• __Constricted Pupils __Drowsiness• __Dilated Pupils __Order of Alcohol• __Scratching __Nasal Secretion• __Red or Watery Eyes __Dizziness• __Involuntary Eye Movements __in-coordination• __Sniffles __Unconsciousness• __Excessive Activity __Inability to Verbalize• __Nausea or Vomiting __Irritable• __Flushed Skin __Argumentative• __Sweating __Slurred Speech• __Yawning __Bizarre Behavior• __Twitching __Violent Behavior

Determining Reasonable CauseIf you are able to document one or more of the previous

indicators, Ask yourself these Questions to establish reasonable cause.

Has some form of impairment been shown in the employees appearance, actions or work performance ?

Does the impairment result from possible drugs or alcohol ?

Are the facts reliable ? Did you witness them personally ?Are the facts capable of explanation ?Are the facts capable of documentation ?Is the impairment current, today, now ?

If you can Answer ‘YES’ to all of these questions, then

Reasonable Cause is established.

Proceed to the Collection Site for testing.

•Employee Refusal to test is a DOT Violation. Contact your

Medical Review Officer.

How to Intervene• When an employee’s performance begins to deteriorate for whatever reason, the

supervisor has a right and responsibility to intervene. IMPORTANT > If substance abuse is suspected, the intervention should only focus on work performance issues.

• Maintain Control of the conversation.• Stick to the facts as they affect work performance.• Don’t rely on memory; have all supporting documents and records available.• Do not discuss your suspicion of alcohol or drug use with employee.• Explain company policy regarding work performance.• Offer help in resolving work performance issues.

Exception; If you smell alcohol or marijuana, Test employee immediately based on this Body Odor evidence. Always perform DOT Urine testing with a DOT Breath Alcohol Test combined for all Reasonable Cause Testing.

Certification Instructions for SUPERVISOR TRAINING

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The Designated Employer Representative(s) (DER) are to review the following workbook for approximately 2 hours.

Quiz given M-F from 12:00pm –3:00pm Pacific Time. When they have finished reading and discussing this workbook, call 800-582-8854 and I will give them their Quiz over the phone to fully certify them in this class.

After the Quiz is passed, a Certificate will be sent out with additional Information.

Also, Review Employer Responsibilities on the Links button @ www.TruckSafeWorkplace.com

If you have any questions please call David Helton @ (800) 582 -8854

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DRUG & ALCOHOL TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS