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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Applications

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DSP IS EVERYWHERE Sound applications

Compression, enhancements, special effects, synthesis, recognition,echo cancellation,

Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech,

Communication Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation, Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver,

Automotive ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking,

Medical Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram,

Military

Radar, Sonar, Space photographs, Remote Sensing,

Image and Video Applications

DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing,

Mechanical Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,

2

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TOPICS COVERED

1. Definition

2. History

3.Types

4. Remote sensing process

5. Applications

6. Satellites

7. Pros and Cons

8. Some Images

9. Summary

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REMOTE SENSING.....

WHAT?

HOW?

WHY?

WHERE?

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REMOTE + SENSING

Acquiring information about an area or aphenomenon without coming into physical contactwith it .

Transferring of information through space by use ofelectromagnetic radiation.

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A device used to detect the electro-magneticradiation from an object is a SENSOR .

A vehicle to carry the sensor is called aPLATEFORM

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HISTORY

Remote Sensing the Earth's surface using thenewly invented photo-camera began in the 1860sas balloonists took pictures of the EARTHS surface

.

Later in 1903 Pigeons

were been used to

take photographs .

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THENCAME ROCKETS.

THELOGICALENTRYOFREMOTESENSORSINTOSPACEONAROUTINEBASISBEGANWITHAUTOMATEDPHOTO-CAMERA

SYSTEMSMOUNTEDONCAPTURED GERMAN V-2 ROCKETS

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TYPESOF REMOTE SENSING

1. Passive Remote Sensing

2. Active Remote Sensing

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1. Passive Remote Sensing

Passive sensors record radiation reflected from the

earth's surface. The source of this radiation must comefrom outsidethe sensor; in most cases, this is solar

energy. Because of this energy

requirement, passive solarsensors can only capture data

during daylight hours.

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2. Active Remote Sensing

Active sensors require the energy source to come from

withinthe sensor. A laser-beam remote sensingsystem is an active sensor that sends out a beam oflight with a known wavelength and frequency. Thisbeam of light hits the earth and is reflected back to the

sensor, which records the time it took for the beam oflight to return.

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A camera provides an excellent example of bothpassive and active sensors. During a bright sunny

day, enough sunlight is illuminating the targets and

then reflecting toward the camera lens, so the

camera simply records the radiation provided

(passive mode).

On a cloudy day or inside a room, there is often not

enough sunlight for the camera to record the targetsadequately. So, it uses its own energy source - a

flash - to illuminate the targets and record the

radiation reflected from them (active mode).

2.Active Remote Sensing contd

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REMOTE SENSING - Platform

Platform Altitude(km.)

Geostationary satellite - 36000

Polar Orbiting satellite - 500-1000

Space Shuttle - 240-350

Jet Aircraft - 10-12

Airplane - 0.3-7.5

Ground - Few Metres

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How is REMOTE SENSING done?

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SEVEN ELEMENTSOF REMOTESENSING

A. EnergySource orIllumination

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B. Radiation& Atmosphere

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C. Interactionwith Target

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D. Recordingof Energy bythe Sensor

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E.Transmission,Reception,andProcessing

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F. Interpretation

And

Analysis

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G. Application

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2. Data Collection

Every problem will have different data requirements. Data

can be collected either in situor remotely . In Situ Data,Remotely sensed data is being used in

numerous fields and for a wide variety of applications andis collected by field sampling, laboratory sampling etc..

Remotely senseddata is collected from previousrecords .

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3. Data Analysis

Remotely sensed data is analyzed using various image

processing techniques and methods

Analog Image Processing

Digital Image Processing

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Receiving station

processing Archiving

Distribution

4. Information Output

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REMOTE SENSING RECEPTION

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DSP BLOCKINTHE DAQLB SYSTEMUNIT

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Why REMOTE SENSING is

required?

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APPLICATIONS

1. Geology

2. Planetary Remote Sensing Cosmology

3. Urban Planning

4. Emergency and hazard

5. Oceanic Applications

6. Forestry

7. Natural Resource Management8. Agriculture

9. Climatology

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1. GeologyEstimation of area covered by forest and

percentage area covered by water , andarea used for vegetation.

By ShankarNaray an & Prabhu

Map of Forest and vegetation

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Remote Camera Image and theEnhanced Image

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2.Planetery Remote Sensing and Cosmology

Used in detecting the exact location of Planets andmeteors. Also helps in knowing more about the origin of theEarth.

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3. Urban PlanningPlanning of locations where cities can be

established .Also an estimation of the area

that can be used productively for agriculture.

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4. Emergency and Hazard

A hazard event could include large storms,

earthquakes, erosion, and flooding. Remotesensing can be used both to

aid in Identifying resources

prior to an event and also toasses the damage following

an event .

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5. Oceanic ApplicationsLarge scale events such as ocean circulation,

current systems, upwelling and eddy formationcan be better understood by using satellite

imagery .

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6. Forestry

Forestry applications of remote sensing include the

following:

Reconnaissance mapping:

Commercial forestry:

Environmental monitoring:

Landsat Thematic Mapper

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7.Natural Resource Management

With the increase in urban sprawl and recreational

use of natural areas, habitat assessment andnatural resource management are becoming

important topics for coastal resource managers.

Remote sensing data sets can be used to monitorurban sprawl, map and inventory wetlands, and

delineate wildlife habitat .

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8. AgricultureSatellite and airborne images are used as mapping

tools to classify crops, examine their health and viability,and monitor farming practices. Agricultural applications ofremote sensing include the following:

Crop type classification

Crop condition assessment

Crop yield estimation

Mapping of soil characteristics

Mapping of soil management practices

Compliance monitoring (farming practices)

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9. Climatology

Remote Sensing has been vastly used in the field ofClimatology.

Weather can be predicted upto a certain degree of accuracy.

Atmospheric phenomena such as hurricanes, tornadoes,

storms etc. are predicted and their courses tracked muchbefore they occur, thanks to Remote Sensing. This has savedcountless lives throughout the world.

Weather pattern has been recorded globally and the data has

enabled climatologists to create a model of the earthsclimate.

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WORLD WEATHER VARIATION

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REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES

TRIOS Series (1960-1965)The Television and Infrared ObservationSatelites.

NOAA National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration satellites .

GMS Geo-synchronous meteorologicalsatellite

Landsat is used mainly for land areaobservation

SPOT, MOS, JERS, ESR, RADARSAT, IRSetc.

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Incorporating Remote Sensing Data intoa GIS

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DISADVANTAGES

1. Expensive to build and operate.2. Measurement uncertainty can be large.

3. Phenomena which were not meant to be

measured can interfere with the image .eg.for land cover classification: atmospheric water

vapor, sun vs. shadow.

4. Resolution is often coarse .

S I

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SOME IMAGES

A Remotely Sensed Data Set

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Image of a Spacecraft send to Mars(2001)

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NOAA view of the hurricane in the Gulf.

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SUMMARY

Remote Sensing is the science of derivinginformation about the earth's land and waterareas from images acquired at a distance.

This is done by the help of Sensors andafterwards is analyse by the help of Computers.

There are 2 types: Active and Passive.

It is used in vast applications like planetaryremote sensing geological areas, oceans,hazard and resource management.

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Any

Questions?

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Documents

DSP Final