-Tibetan Buddhist Civilization includes Mongol, Ladakh,

-Sikkim, and Bhutan, the Himalayan kingdom.

-Tibetan Buddhism is known as the direct successor of

-Indian Buddhism.

- The four sects of Tibetan

Buddhism are Ningma,

Kagyu, Sakya, and Geluk.

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- Tibet became a unified kingdom in the reign of Sontsen Gampo (AD 617-649). According to a legend, Buddhism was introduced into Tibet by Munsung, the princess of Tang dynasty who was a wife of Sontsen Gampo. Tongmi Sambhota invented the Tibetan script.

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-Buddhism became the national religion in the reign of Tisong Detsen (755/756-797). His armies took Changan in 763.

- He invited Shantarakshita, a great Indian Buddhist scholar as well as Padmasambhava, the founder of Ningma school of Tibetan Buddhism, and built Samye, the first Tibetan manastery.

- The Chan master Moheyan debated with Kamalashila, one of the chief disciples of Shantarakshita, at Samye.

Buddhism was persecuted by king Lang Darma (838-842), but he was assassinated by a Buddhist monk.

The gap of power was created (850-950) before the Sakya hegemony under the Mongol patronage.

- The great Buddhist monk-scholar Atisha (982-1054) was invited to Tibet for his teachings.

-Kadam by Atisha’s successors, Sakya by the Kon family, Kagyu by Marpa (1012-1097)

-The golden lineage of Kagyu: Naropa-Marpa-Milarepa (1040-1123)-Gampopa

Bon, the indigenous Tibetan religion, and Ningma propagated their teachings widely by termas (hidden books) around 1150.

- Sakya Pandita(1182-1251) was one of the greatest scholars in Tibetan Buddhism.

- He was invited by the Mongol ruler in 1246 and was instrumental for the strong bond between Tibet and Mongol.

-His nephew Phagpa (1235-1280) became the teacher of Kubilai Khan.

Buton (1290-1364) compiled the Tibetan Tripitaka.

-Tsong kha pa (1357-1419) founded the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism.

- Later, Altan Khan of Mongol conferred Sonam Gyamtsho of Geluk the title “Dalai Lama” (the Ocean-guru) by Altan Khan of Mongol.

- Gushri khan of Mongol conquered the entire Tibet and appointed 5th Dalai Lama (1617-1682) as the supreme leader of Tibet in 1642.

Later, Machu rulers directly governed the eastern Tibet-Amdo and Kham-, but the Rime (Non-sectarian) movement arose there.

The 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatsho exiled from Tibet 1959 and founded the exiled government in Dharlmsala.