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Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Efforts for effective use of sewerage resources in Japan
Sewerage and Wastewater Management Department Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism,
Japan
1
There are about 2100 wastewater treatment plants in Japan. Most plants adopt aerobic treatment methods such as conventional activated sludge process or oxidation ditch process.
As for the GHG emission from sewerage system, the emission from electricity(treatment plant) accounts for 54% and the emission from sludge incineration accounts for 20%.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from sewerage system In Japan FY 2009
Japan’s Wastewater Treatment System and GHG Emissions
Grit chamber
Final Sedimentation
Tank Aeration
Tank
Electricity(Treatment
Plant)54%
Electricity(Pump Staion)
6%
Fuel6%
Wastewater treatment(CH4)
4%
Wastewater Treatment(N2O)10%
Sludgeinciniration(N2O)20%
Others0%
Total amount 6.7Mt-co2
Primary Sedimentation Tank
The material use of sewage sludge has steadily increased, since the efforts on reduction of sludge volume became obligation by new Sewerage Law
The rate of material use has reached about 77% in 2009. The rate for cement use is the largest in any use.
15 15 16 17 20
24 24
30
38
45 48 50
52
56 60
64 67 70
74 77 78 77
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Rec
ycle
Rat
e(%)
Gen
erat
ed S
ludg
e v
olum
e(10
3 DS
-t)
Fiscal Year
Sewage Sludge Recycle Rate
Construction Material (Cement)
Land fill
Fertilizer Construction material (Excluding Cement)
Others
Fuel, etc
(DS=Dry Solid)
Transition of material use
※Utilization of Digestion gas is not included 2
Material Recycle of Sewage Sludge
3
Fuel Usage
Fuel Methane Fermentation
Electric Generation
Sewage Sludge (Biomass)
【Power Plant】
○Energy Use of Sewage Sludge
Digestion gas usage
12.4%
Solid fuel 0.8%
Use for fertilizer 11.2%
Unused as biomass 75.6%
Biomass Recycle Rate About 24%(2009)
Electric generation by Digestion gas Fuel for natural gas vehicles Injection of biogas into city gas pipe Solid fuel usage
Biogas Solid Fuel
About 80% of sewage sludge comprises organic matter and it can be used to generate energy by producing solid fuel or biogas.
Biomass recycle rate remains 24% in 2009(The rate for energy generation is only 13%). ※Biomass recycle rate: percentage of the organic matter which is efficiently used as digestion gas or fertilizer.
Energy Use of Sewage Sludge
Total amount of biomass 1.79 million tons
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Sew
age
Bio
gas
Util
izat
ion
Rat
e
Sew
age
biog
as y
ield
(
one
thou
sand
m3 p
er y
ear)
Fiscal year
Power Generation
Heating digester tanks
Others
Incineration
Biogas Utilization Rate
【Biogas Yield and its Usage】 About 30% of biogas is unused
4
There are digester tanks in about 300 treatment plants. About 70% of the biogas generated by digestion (218 million m3) is utilized, but the rest(86 million m3) is incinerated.
Sewage biogas can be used more efficiently, because although about 20 % of biogas(66 million m3) is used for the power generation, about 30% (86 million m3) is used only for heating digester tanks.
In 2009, electricity generated from sewage biogas covered about 2% of the total electricity consumption in sewerage facilities.
Biogas Use in Sewerage System
5
B-DASH Project(Government funded technology R&D and demonstration project : Breakthrough by Dynamic Approach in Sewage High technology)
【2011~】
(Measure 1) It is necessary to develop technologies such as low cost and high efficient energy utilization technology by the leadership of the government in order to promote the energy use by the local governments.
(Measure 2) It is necessary to prepare for the promotion of energy use of sludge under the cooperation between public and private sectors.
Feed-in Tariff (The Act on Special Measures concerning the Procurement of Renewable Electric Energy by Electric power company)
Obligation of Biogas Use by Energy Supply Companies(Act of Sophisticated Methods of Energy Supply Structures)
Toward Promotion of Energy Use
6
Treatment Plant Effluent
Sludge
The latest renewable energy technology of sludge S
ludge Treatm
ent w
astewater
treatment
Biogas
Biogas
Sludge Fuel Production
Gas Cleaning
Electric Generation
Sludge Fuel
Electricity Use in a treatment plant
City Gas Plant
Power Plant
Refined Gas
Inflow
Heat
Heating Digester Tank
Nutrient Removal
Sewage Heat Utilization
Biogas Recovery
solid-liquid separation
Budget 2.4 billion yen (2011FY) 2.9 billion yen (2012FY)
B-DASH Project (Breakthrough by Dynamic Approach in Sewage High technology)
Accelerate the government-led development of new technology and its practical application by promoting technical validation through installation of actual size plants and by formulating guidelines.
Achieving cost reduction in the sewerage projects and generation of renewable energy. As for the methane gas, implementing high-efficient and high-temperature digestion with carrier filling
digester, and high-efficient gas purification technology, etc.
Since July 1, 2012, electric power providers will be obliged to purchase electricity generated
from renewable energy sources on a fixed-period contract at fixed prices.
7
Feed-in Tariff for Renewable Energy (July. 2012~)
Promote the utilization of non-fossil fuel and the efficient utilization of fossil fuel by operators of
energy utilities(Electric, Oil, Gas Supplier) General gas providers are obliged to utilize more than 80% of biogas generated in their supply
areas in 2015. ( the obligation is only for the biogas available in reasonable price for the gas providers)
Act of Sophisticated Methods of Energy Supply Structures (August. 2009~)
Development of Legislation
8
神戸市東灘処理場
消化槽
・充填台数:10,650台/ 年・08年4月より運転開始・充填台数:10,650台/ 年・08年4月より運転開始
消化タンク 消化ガス精製装置 中圧ガスタンク こうべバイオガスステーションC H4
C O 2高位発熱量
:約60%:約40%:約23MJ /m3
N
C H4C O 2
高位発熱量
:約60%:約40%:約23MJ /m3
N
C H4C O 2
高位発熱量
:97%以上:3%以下:約39MJ /m3
N
C H4C O 2
高位発熱量
:97%以上:3%以下:約39MJ /m3
N 場内利用
精製ガス消化ガス
ご家庭等バイオガス都市ガス導管注入実証事業
大阪ガス(株)
高度精製されたバイオガスの買取
都市ガスとしての供給等
(株)神鋼環境ソリューション
「こうべバイオガス」の高度精製設備を建設・運営
神戸市
「こうべバイオガス」の供給等
ガス導管
こうべバイオガス
導管注入量(当初):約80万m3N/ 年(45MJ換算)
自動車燃料
市バス宅配車等
水再生
都市ガス供給用
下水
低炭素・循環型のまちづくり
下水汚泥
微量成分除去熱量調整付臭
Injection of biogas into the city gas pipe
Osaka Gas
Buying of highly-refined biogas
Kobe City Shinko Environmental Resolution
Supply as city gas
Construction and operation of high refining facilities of Kobe Biogas
Supply of Kobe Biogas
Digestion gas
Higashinada Treatment Plant Kobe-City
Low-carbon circulation type city planning For City gas supply
Automobiles fuels Refined gas
Gas pipe
City buses, vehicles for
home delivery Kobe biogas
station Middle-pressure gas tank Digestion gas refining facilities Digester
For internal usage
- Operation started in August 2008 - Number of vehicles filled with biogas; 10,650 vehicles/year
CH4: 97% or more CO2: 3% or less
Higher calorific power: about 39MJ/m3N
CH4: about 60% CO2: about 40%
Higher calorific power: about 23MJ/m3N
Was
tew
ater
Reclaimed wastewater
Sew
age
slud
ge
Kob
e bi
ogas
Homes
Kitchen
Bath
Adjustment of calorific
power
Pipe introduction rate (initial); about 80,000 m3
N/year (as converted to 45 MJ)
Odori-zation
Removal of trace
components
Case of Biogas Use in Sewerage System① (Kobe City)
Sludge Dehydration Facility
Sludge Drying Facility
Digester Tank
Use for fertilizer
Digestion gas generation
facility Biogas
Retention Facility
Food Waste(Coffee Grounds)
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Sewage Concentrated
Sludge
PFI project
Dry Sludge
Rural Sewage Sludge
Septic Tank Sludge
Provide Electricity to the Treatment Plant
Raw Garbage (Disposer)
Wastewater Treatment Facility
【PFI (private finance initiative) Project in Kurobe City】
9
Case of Biogas Use in Sewerage System② (Kurobe City)
Increase the amount of biomass by treating not only sewage sludge but also food waste(coffee grounds),raw garbage(disposer) and septic tank sludge, etc.
Generated methane gas is used to generate electricity which is used inside the treatment plant. Dry sludge is used for the fertilizer, etc.
City Gas Plant
Power Plant
Methane Fermentation Facility
Heat Supply Facilities Electricity
City Gas
Heat (Hot-Water Supply,
Cooling and Heating)
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Food Waste
Biogas Station
CNG Car Fuel
Bio solid fuel production
Biogas
Solid Fuel Production
Farm Sludge
Scrap Wood
Household
Sewage
Incineration heat wastewater heat
Energy Supply Hub
Benefits for Community Climate Control
Business Improvement of Sewage Projects
Increasing energy self supply rate by utilizing energy from sewerage Work as Energy Supply Hub by concentrating the treatment of other
biomass which generate in a region. Utilization of wastewater heat from sewerage pipe network in the city
Electric Power Provider
(Feed-in Tariff)
Sewage Heat
(R&D by B-DASH Project)
10
(Wastewater heat utilization by de-regulation)
(Biogas Use Promotion by Act of Sophisticated Methods of Energy Supply Structures)
Wastewater Treatment Plant as an Energy Supply Facility
Office Building