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for children suffering from rachitis and scrofula in theneighbourhood of one of the most important German saltsprings.

It is said that the Anatomical and Pathological Museumof Brunswick is soon to be presented by the Principality ofBrunswick to the University of Gottingen.Dr. von During of Hamburg has been called to Constan-

tinople as Professor of Dermatology.Professor Westphal is prevented by illness from lecturing

this summer session. His work will be done by hisassistants, Dr. Liemerling, who will lecture on MentalTherapeutics, and Dr. Oppenheim, who will lecture onDiseases of the Nerves.Professor Rinne of Greifswald has been appointed surgeon

to the Elizabeth Hospital here.The number of physicians and surgeons in the German

Empire on April lst, 1887, was 15,824, including medicalofficers in the army and navy, who numbered 1335.Herr Dietrich Gerhardt, a son of Professor Gerhardt,

Rector of Berlin University, graduated on the llth inst. asDoctor of Medicine " summa cum laude."Berlin, May.

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EGYPT.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Army of Occupation.TIIE present sick-rate of the British troops is satisfactorily

low. There are 110 sick in the Citadel Hospital in Cairo,including 5 enteric fever cases, 5 dysentery and diarrhoea,and 27 venereal disease. In the military hospital atAlexandria there are only 65 sick, including 1 case ofenteric fever, 4 of dysentery and diarrhoea, and 27 of venerealdisease. The garrison in Cairo now amounts to 2000 men,and in Alexandria to 1061.

Changes in the Medical Staff.Surgeon-General Marston, C.B., is now leaving this com-

mand for Gibraltar, and is succeeded by Deputy Surgeon-General Jameson, from Chatham. Dr. Marston will carryaway with him the best wishes of his own department,of the civilian practitioners with whom he has comein contact, and of the authorities, who especially admiredthe plan for the excellent medical arrangements for theBritish troops at Suakim last December. The medicalstaff, besides its chief, now consists of 1 brigade-surgeon,2 surgeons-major, 10 surgeons, 5 nursing sisters, and 82 ofthe staff corps. There have been several reductions thisspring, and it is believed that there will be others before long.

Sickness among the Troops in 1888.The total number of admissions to hospital during the

year was 3428, with 46 deaths, being a slight decrease uponthe percentage for 1887. A regiment which was brought toEgypt at the most unhealthy time of the year naturallycontributed the greatest number of admissions and ofdeaths. Great improvements have taken place in thesanitary condition of barracks and hospitals, but it must beremembered that the British soldier nearly always contractshis disease in the foul haunts in which he chooses to spendhis hours of recreation. For instance, although there wasno small-pox in Alexandria during the year, there were inCairo 14 admissions and 4 deaths occurring in men takenfrom six different corps, and living for the most part inbarracks far distant. Two cases of scarlatina (one in Cairo,and one in Alexandria) were reported. These isolatedcases are very interesting in a country where the disease isalmost unknown. As usual, there was a large numberof admissions from simple continued fever, some ofwhich were perhaps mild forms of enteric. In all,there were 392 cases in Cairo and 49 in Alexandria.This disease reached its maximum in August with 130 cases,and its minimum in February with 6 cases. August is themonth when the Nile is at its highest, when there is infiltra-tion under its banks, and when the subsoil water is raisedto five feet or less from the surface. During this month ithas been found necessary to remove the troops from Kasr elXil Barracks into camp in the desert. The British soldierwould seem to be more liable to dysentery than the civilian,for during the year there were 168 admissions from thatcause, and 8 deaths. There were 13 cases of malaria

admitted, as compared with 126 in 1887. The diseasein 1887 was for the most part contracted in Mex Camp,Alexandria, which during the prevalence of southerlywinds was exposed to malarious poisoning from LakeMareotis, as it subsided with the low Nile. This camp has-since been changed to a healthier site, with the above result.

Enteric Fever among the Troops.This disease is the most important one for consideration.

It has caused 20 out of the whole number of 46 deaths in1888. In Cairo there were 65 admissions, with 14 deaths, ora death-rate per 1000 of the strength of 6’4. In Alexandria*there were 30 admissions, with 6 deaths, or a correspond-ing death-rate of 5’6 per 1000. Among the improvementsrecommended by Dr. Marston was one having special re-ference to enteric fever at Alexandria. It was found that one-of the barracks had a low site close to a cemetery and witha native village to windward. The rooms were difficult tOoventilate, and those of the lower ranges were only fit for storesIt was consequently advised that troops should no longer bequartered in this barrack. Some improvements are beingmade also in the town main drainage. On arrival the Englishsoldier is unfortunately nearly always at the age when he-is most susceptible to enteric ; and when to this is added hisrecent arrival in a hot country, his habits, and his haunts inan insanitary Oriental town, it is not wonderful that there arealways some cases of the disease in the military hospitals.If it were possible to send to Egypt as soldiers only thosewho were already grown and drilled men, and to take carethat no new troops disembarked during the summer months,,something might perhaps be done to diminish still further-the sick-rate. There would seem to be, moreover, a.

latent idea in military circles here of the expediency ofwithdrawing troops from Kasr el Nil Barracks, which Ihave already shown are unhealthy during the Nile flood,and of increasing the number of men at Abbassiyeh, wherethere are excellent barracks, dating from the time of theKhedive Abbas, and the purest desert air, stretching awayto Suez and the Libyan Hills.

French Hospital at Ismailia.The Suez Canal Company established last July a three-

pavilion hospital upon a delightful spot, open to all thesoft breezes, and with an unrivalled view both up and downthe Canal and the neighbouring lakes and away to therugged mountain which overlooks Suez. Two of thepavilions contain thirty beds each, and were half full when Ivisited them. There are private rooms for first-class patientsat 12s. a day, and second-class at 1Os. a day, and a clean,cheery ward for humbler visitors at 4s. a day. The floorsare of unpolished parquet wood from Paris, and the wallsare suspiciously absorbent, but there is plenty of ven-tilation ; and though there are cesspools at the corner ofthe garden running into the canal, the sanitary questionhas evidently been well considered. The central pavilion.is used as an administration block, and is connected withthe others by roofed-in passages. Here also live the two"doctors and four sceurs de charité. The chief objection tethe hospital is its distance from the town. At my visitthe one omnibus of Ismailia was conveying to it a priest,a doctor, and two patients who had been allowed leave-of absence. The Egyptian Hospital has been closed forwant of funds, and because Port Said and Suez are consideredsufficiently near. Indeed, there were never many nativepatients at Ismailia to use the hospital, but it was veryuseful as a convalescent resort for scrofulous patients fromthe Cairo Hospital. Ismailia has been often cursed withmalarial fever of late years, and this is the more noticeablebecause there is very little malaria in other Egyptiantowns. The inhabitants protested that the malaria wasdue to the canal, and to the admixture of fresh water fromCairo and the salt water there. This was disbelieved, but,as an experiment, the mixture was not allowed to takeplace, and the local doctor vouches that, in consequence, the-fever cases have been reduced from 423 to 60.

Cairo, May llth.

THE FATAL FOOTBALL DISPUTE.-James Tattersall,of Leyland, a football player, who had a fracas after amatch in April last with Mawdsley, a referee, the latterdying shortly afterwards, was indicted for manslaughterat the Manchester Assizes last week, and acquitted. Thedefence was that Mawdsley was suffering from phthisisand that his death was not due to violence.