El Subjuntivo: introducciónEnfoques: lección 5

In Spanish, there are 2 moods: INDICATIVE and

SUBJUNCTIVE

THETHEBIGBIG

PICTURPICTUREE

INDICATIVE is the mood INDICATIVE is the mood of all the verb tenses of all the verb tenses you’ve ever learned:you’ve ever learned:

present tense (example: llevo)preterite tense (example: llevé)imperfect tense (example: llevaba)the perfect tenses (example: he llevado, había llevado)future tense (example: llevaré)conditional tense (example: llevaría)

SUBJUNCTIVE is the SUBJUNCTIVE is the other other mood. mood.

It has several uses, It has several uses,

some of which are:some of which are:doubt or denial of an actionspeculation about a future actionwilling something to happeninfluencing an action’s outcomeexpressing emotion about an actionindicating a nonexistent or nonspecific item

WHICH USE WHICH USE DIDDIDWE LEARN WE LEARN ABOUTABOUTIN THE SONG IN THE SONG YESTERDAY?YESTERDAY?

Que mis ojos se Que mis ojos se despiertendespierten……Que mi madre no se Que mi madre no se mueramuera y que mi y que mi padre me padre me recuerderecuerde……y que…y que…seasea de vos… de vos…y que de tu voz y que de tu voz seasea este corazón…este corazón…

That’s That’s right, right, willing willing

something something to happento happen. .

(in this (in this case asking case asking God, may God, may all of this all of this happen)happen)

ALMOST ALWAYS in order to ALMOST ALWAYS in order to use subjunctive, you must use subjunctive, you must have an expression that have an expression that

signals it’s use.signals it’s use.Examples: (traduzcan)• Quiero que Ana baile conmigo.• I want that Ana dance with me.• Es dudoso que Juan trabaje en Kohl’s.• It is doubtful that Juan works in Kohl’s.• Siento que tú estés enferma.• I’m sorry that you are sick.

Common verbs of will and Common verbs of will and influence:influence:

• aconsejar = to advise• desear = to desire• exigir (j)= to demand• gustar = to be

pleasing• hacer = to do, make• importar = to matter• insistir en = to insist• mandar = to order• necesitar = to need

• oponerse a = to oppose• pedir (i) = to ask for, request• preferir (ie) = to prefer• prohibir = to prohibit• proponer = to propose• querer (ie)= to want, wish• recomendar (ie) = to

recommend• rogar (ue) = to beg, plead• sugerir (ie) = to suggest

verb signaling + QUE + verb signaling + QUE + verb verb inin subjunctive subjunctive subjunctivesubjunctiveExamples:

• La maestra manda + QUE + hagamos la tarea.• The teacher demands that we do the

homework.• Me gusta + QUE + tú llegues temprano.• I like you to arrive early.• A Dios le pido + QUE + haya mucha nieve

mañana.• I ask God that there be a lot of snow tomorrow.

Common verbs/expressions Common verbs/expressions of emotion:of emotion:

• alegrarse de = to be happy

• es extraño = it’s strange• es ridículo = it’s

ridiculous• es terrible = it’s terrible• es una pena = it’s a pity• esperar = to hope, wish

• gustar = to be pleasing• molestar = to bother• sentir (ie) = to be sorry• sorprender = to

surprise• temer = to fear• tener miedo de = to be

afraid

verb signaling + QUE + verb signaling + QUE + verb verb inin subjunctive subjunctive subjunctivesubjunctiveExamples: (traduzcan)

• Es una pena + QUE + no haya nevado nada.• It’s a pity that it hasn’t snowed at all.• Es ridículo + QUE + ellos coman pescado con

helado.• It’s ridiculous that they eat fish with ice-cream.• Me alegro de + QUE + haya pizza para la cena.• I’m glad that there’s pizza for dinner.

Common verbs/expressions Common verbs/expressions of doubt/denial:of doubt/denial:

• dudar = to doubt• negar (ie) = to deny• no creer = to not

believe• no es verdad = it’s

not true• no estar seguro de =

to not be sure of• es imposible = it’s

impossible

• es improbable = it’s unlikely

• es poco seguro = it’s uncertain

• es posible = it’s possible

• no es posible = it’s not possible

• es probable = it’s likely• no es probable = it’s

not likely

verb signaling + QUE + verb signaling + QUE + verb verb inin subjunctive subjunctive subjunctivesubjunctiveExamples: (traduzcan)

• Es dudoso + QUE + vayan a correr 15 millas.• It’s doubtful that they are going to run 15

miles.• Es posible + QUE + haya una prueba mañana.• It’s possible that there is a quiz tomorrow.• Niegas + QUE + sus notas sean malas.• They deny that their grades are bad.

Now that you know Now that you know when to use it, have you when to use it, have you figured out how to FORM figured out how to FORM

subjunctive?subjunctive?To form present subjunctive:Take the YO form of the

present tense Drop the “O” Add the “opposite” ending

(for AR -> “e” & ER,IR ->”a”)

1.Take the YO form of the present tense

2. Drop the “O”

3. Add the “opposite” ending (for AR -> “e” & ER,IR ->”a”)

LLEVARO

LLEVO

LLEVE

Examples: (try!)• hablar• hable• comer• coma• morir• muera• ver• vea

• pedir• pida• poner• ponga• decir• diga• hacer• haga

• llegar• llegue• traer• traiga• llevar• lleve• poder• pueda

What about verbs that What about verbs that don’t end with “o” in the don’t end with “o” in the YO form, like voy and sé?YO form, like voy and sé?

There are 6 irregulars in subjunctive:

HAYA(haber)VAYA(ir)SEA (ser)SEPA (saber)DÉ (dar)ESTÉ (estar)

There is one small There is one small adjustment for the tú, adjustment for the tú,

nosotros and ellos forms of nosotros and ellos forms of subjunctive...subjunctive...Examples:

yo COMA yo LLEVEtú COMAS tú LLEVESél COMA él LLEVE

nosotros COMAMOS nosotros LLEVEMOS

ellos COMAN ellos LLEVEN

Whew! I know subjunctive is a little

daunting at first, but you can do it...