Eleazar Remlaw for Bookbind Doc

8/11/2019 Eleazar Remlaw for Bookbind Doc

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OUTLINE IN REMEDIAL LAW 1Atty. Victor Y. EleazarArellano University

Scool o! La"

I. #eneral $rinci%les

A. &once%t o!Re'e(ial La"

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

REMEDIAL LAW is that branch of lawwhich prscribs th !tho" of

nforcin# ri#hts or obtainin# r"rssfor thir in$asion [Bustos vs. Lucero,81 Phil. 640]% It is also &nown asA"'cti$ Law%

). S*+stantive La"as Distin,*ise( !ro'Re'e(ial La"

SU(STANTI)E LAW is on whichcrats* "fins* an" r#+lats

ri#hts concrnin# lif* librt,* orproprt,* or th powr of a#ncisor instr+!ntalitis for tha"!inistration of p+blic affairs%

PROCEDURAL LAW is th !tho" ofcon"+ctin# a '+"icial proc"in#% Itincl+"s what$r is !brac" inth tchnical tr!s* pla"in#s*practic* an" $i"nc% It is th!ans b, which th powr or

a+thorit, of a co+rt to har an""ci" a class of cass is p+t toaction [Manila Railroad vs. Atty.eneral, !0 Phil. "!#]%

-URISDICTION is th powr to haran" "ci" cass [$errera vs.

Baretto % &oa'uin, !" Phil. !4"]% It isth powr with which co+rts arin$st" with th powr ofa"!inistrin# '+stic* that is* for

harin# an" "ci"in# cass% In or"rfor th co+rt to ha$ a+thorit, to"ispos of a cas on th !rits* it!+st ac.+ir '+ris"iction o$r ths+b'ct !attr an" th partis[Re(u)lic Planters Ban* vs. Molina,166 +RA #-]%

-URISDICTION )ENUE

Th a+thorit, tohar an""tr!in a cas

Th plac whrth cas is to bhar" or tri"

A !attr ofs+bstanti$ law

A !attr ofproc"+ral law

Establishs arlation btwnth co+rt an" ths+b'ct !attr

Establishs arlation btwnplaintiff an""fn"ant* or

ptitionr an"rspon"nt

Fi/" b, law an"cannot bconfrr" b, thpartis

Ma, b confrr"b, th act ora#r!nt of thpartis

). R*le-'ain,$o"er o! teS*%re'e &o*rt

Sc% 0* Articl )III of th 1234Constit+tion stats* 5Th S+pr!Co+rt shall ha$ th followin#powrs6 7 809 Pro!+l#at r+lsconcrnin# th protction an"


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nforc!nt of th constit+tionalri#hts* pla"in#* practic an"proc"+r in all co+rts* tha"!ission to th practic of law* thint#rat" (ar* an" l#al assistanc

to th +n"rpri$il#"% S+ch r+lsshall pro$i" a si!plifi" an"in/pnsi$ proc"+r for thsp", "isposition of cass* shall b+nifor! for all co+rts of th sa!#ra"* an" shall not "i!inish*incras* or !o"if, s+bstanti$ri#hts% R+ls of proc"+r of spcialco+rts an" .+asi:'+"icial bo"is shallr!ain ffcti$ +nlss "isappro$"b, th S+pr! Co+rt%

1. Li'itationson te r*le-'ain,%o"er o! te S*%re'e&o*rt

S also Sc% ; of Articl )III of th1234 Constit+tion which stats6 5ThCon#rss shall ha$ th powr to"fin* prscrib* an" apportion th'+ris"iction of th $ario+s co+rts b+t

!a, not "pri$ th S+pr! Co+rtof its '+ris"iction o$r cassn+!rat" in Sction 0 hrof7

Not that in Sc% 0* onl, para#raphs819 an" 8;9 spa& of th '+ris"ictiono$r cass% -+ris"iction o$r thscass rprsnts th irr"+cibl'+ris"iction of th S+pr! Co+rt%Th, incl+" ori#inal '+ris"ictiono$r cass affctin# "iplo!atic

rprsntati$s an" o$r ptitionsfor certiorari* prohibition*!an"a!+s* 'uo arranto an"habas corp+s* an" appllat'+ris"iction o$r n+!rat" t,psof cass%

Art% )I* Sction %R% No% 1;24?;*Spt!br 1@* 1223

Th SC "clar" as +nconstit+tionalSc% ;4 of Rp% Act No% @44=8O!b+"s!an Act of 12329 to#thrwith Sc% 4* R+l III of A"!% Or"rNo% =4 8R+ls of Proc"+r of thOffic of th O!b+"s!an9 an" an,

othr pro$ision of law or iss+anci!pl!ntin# RA @44= insofar asth, pro$i" for appals ina"!inistrati$ "isciplinar, cassfro! th Offic of th O!b+"s!anto th S+pr! Co+rt%

Sc% ;4 of RA @44= ra"s6 57 In alla"!inistrati$ "isciplinar, cass*or"rs* "ircti$s or "cisions of thOffic of th O!b+"s!an !a, b

appal" to th S+pr! Co+rt b,filin# a ptition for crtiorari withintn 81=9 "a,s fro! rcipt of thwrittn notic of th or"r* "ircti$or "cision or "nial of th !otionfor rconsi"ration in accor"ancwith R+l ?0 of th R+ls of Co+rt%Accor"in# to th SC* this pro$ision$iolats th proscription in Sc%


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/a)ian* appals fro! "cisions ofth Offic of th O!b+"s!an ina"!inistrati$ cass sho+l" bappal" to th Co+rt of Appals+n"r R+l ?%R% No% 1?10;?*Spt!br 1?* ;==0* ?@2 SCRA @


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Th S+pr!Co+rt !a, pro!+l#atproc"+ral r+ls in allco+rts% 8Articl )III* Sc%0 809* 1234 Constit+tion9

It has th solprro#ati$ to a!n"*rpal or $n stablishnw r+ls for a !orsi!plifi" an"in/pnsi$ procss*an" th sp","isposition of cass% Inth r+ls #o$rnin#appals to it an" to thCo+rt of Appals*

partic+larl, R+ls ?;* ?%R% No% L:@?2@*-an+ar, ;4* 120?* th SC /plain"

that whn th thn CFI ta&sco#nianc of lction protsts* itacts as co+rts of spcial '+ris"iction%In this sns* th, ha$ a li!it"'+ris"iction% Th+s* th CFI has no'+ris"iction o$r an lction protst+ntil th spcial facts +pon which it!a, ta& '+ris"iction ar /prssl,shown in th !otion of protst%Thr is no prs+!ption in fa$or of'+ris"iction of a co+rt of li!it" or

spcial '+ris"iction%

@%

&onstit*tionalan( stat*toryco*rts

Constit+tional co+rts Thoscrat" b, th Constit+tion itslf*e.5.* th S+pr! Co+rt% 8Art% )III*

1234 Constit+tion9

Stat+tor, co+rts Thos crat" b,th l#islat+r% Th CA* th RTC* an"th MTC wr crat" b, (%P% (l#%1;2* as a!n""%

4% &o*rts o!la" an( e@*ity

Co+rts ar first an" for!ostco+rts of law% E.+it, sho+l" b

appli" onl, in th absnc of an,law #o$rnin# th rlationshipbtwn th partis% Whil .+it,!i#ht tilt on th si" of on part,*th sa! cannot b nforc" so asto o$rr+l positi$ pro$isions of lawin fa$or of th othr% E.+it, cannots+pplant or contra$n th law% Thr+l !+st stan" no !attr howharsh it !a, s!%

o a9io v. icson, .R. o.1"48-", ove9)er 18, !004, 44#+RA 44

In this cas* th SC ritrat" thr+l that a lss is not allow" tochalln# th titl of th lssor% It isi!!atrial whthr th lssor ha"an, titl at all to th proprt, at thti! th las was co!!nc"%ow$r* consi"rin# th pc+liar

circ+!stancs a$ailin# in th cas*.+it, "!an"s that s+ch r+l brla/"% It wo+l" b #rossl, +n'+st ifaftr ha$in# pai" th ownr priorrntals* ptitionr wo+l" still br.+ir" to pa, a#ain th sa!rntal arrara#s to th lssor forth lattrs rtntion of th proprt,aftr th tr!ination of th s+blascontract% Not that th s+blas ha"alra", /pir"* an" that th

arrara#s rfr to a s+bs.+ntprio" not co$r" b, th sai"s+blas%

E.+it, as th co!pl!nt of l#al'+ris"iction s&s to rach an" toco!plt '+stic whr co+rts of

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law* thro+#h th infl/ibilit, of thirr+ls an" want of powr to a"aptthir '+"#!nts to th spcialcirc+!stancs of cass* arinco!ptnt to "o so% E.+it,

r#ar"s th spirit an" not th lttr*th intnt an" not th for!* ths+bstanc rathr than thcirc+!stanc* as it is $ario+sl,/prss" b, "iffrnt co+rts%Alon2o v. =nter9ediate A((ellateourt, .R. o. L>:!8:#, May !8,1-8:, 1"0 +RA !"-

Th .+stion is so!ti!s as&"* in

srio+s in.+ir, or in c+rio+scon'ct+r* whthr w ar a co+rtof law or a co+rt of '+stic% Do wappl, th law $n if it is +n'+st or"o w a"!inistr '+stic $na#ainst th lawJ Th+s .+ri"* w"o not .+i$ocat% Th answr isthat w "o nithr bca+s w ar aco+rt both of law an" of '+stic% Wappl, th law with '+stic for that iso+r !ission an" p+rpos in th

sch! of o+r Rp+blic% This cas isan ill+stration%

This cas in$ol$s th application ofArt% 1=33* which ra"s6 5Sho+l" an,of th hirs sll his hr"itar, ri#htsto a stran#r bfor th partition*an, or all of th co:hirs !a, bs+bro#at" to th ri#hts of thp+rchasr b, ri!b+rsin# hi! forth pric of th sal* pro$i"" th,

"o so within th prio" of on !onthfro! th ti! th, wr notifi" inwritin# of th sal b, th $n"or%-+rispr+"nc /plain" that thnotic !+st b in writin# an" not!r act+al &nowl"#% Th SC*whil conc"in# th absnc of an,writtn notic* co+l" not accpt th

pri$at rspon"ntsK prtns thatth, wr +nawar of th sals!a" b, thir brothr an" sistr in12@< an" 12@?% (, r.+irin# writtnproof of s+ch notic* th co+rts

wo+l" b closin# thir ,s to thob$io+s tr+th in fa$or of thirpalpabl, fals clai! of i#noranc*th+s /altin# th lttr of th lawo$r its p+rpos% Th p+rpos isclar no+#h6 to !a& s+r that thr"!ptionrs ar "+l, notifi"% ThSC was thn satisfi" that in thiscas th othr brothrs an" sistrswr act+all, infor!"* altho+#h notin writin#* of th sals !a" in 12@%R%No% 13


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"isciplin* or intrnal#o$rn!nt* so lon# asth #o$rn!nt of thsocit, is fairl, an"honstl, a"!inistr" in

confor!it, with its lawsan" th law of th lan"an" no proprt, or ci$ilri#hts ar in$a""%Un"r s+chcirc+!stancs* th"cision of th#o$rnin# bo", orstablish" pri$attrib+nal of thassociation is bin"in#

an" concl+si$ an" nots+b'ct to r$iw orcollatral attac& in thco+rts% 8Lions Cl+bIntrnational $% A!ors*1;1 SCRA @;19

b% Non:intrfrnc of co+rts ofcoor"inat '+ris"iction

No co+rt has th powr

to intrfr b, in'+nctionwith th '+"#!nts oror"rs of anothr co+rtof conc+rrnt '+ris"ictionha$in# th powr to#rant th rlif so+#htb, in'+nction% This"octrin of non:intrfrnc is pr!is"on th principl that a'+"#!nt of a co+rt of

co!ptnt '+ris"iction!a, not b opn"*!o"ifi" or $acat" b,an, co+rt of conc+rrnt'+ris"iction% For/a!pl* cass whrinan /c+tion or"r hasbn iss+"* ar still

pn"in#* so that all thproc"in#s on th/c+tion ar stillproc"in#s in th s+it%Sinc a partic+lar co+rt

ha" alra", ac.+ir"'+ris"iction o$r thcollction s+it an"rn"r" '+"#!nt inrlation thrto* itrtain" '+ris"iction toth /cl+sion of all othrcoor"inat co+rts o$rits '+"#!nt* incl+"in#all inci"nts rlati$ toth control an" con"+ct

of its !inistrial officrs*na!l, th shriffs%Th+s* th iss+anc b,anothr RTC of th writof prli!inar, in'+nctionin was a clar act ofintrfrnc with th'+"#!nt of (acolo"RTC% 8>o $% Clr& ofCo+rt an" E/:OfficioShriff of N#ros

Occi"ntal* >%R% No%10?@;


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th filin# of th co!plaint orothr initiator, pla"in#% (,that act* th '+ris"iction of thco+rt o$r th s+b'ct !attror nat+r of th action or

proc"in# is in$o&" orcall" into acti$it, an" it isth+s* that th co+rt ac.+irs'+ris"iction o$r th s+b'ct!attr or nat+r of th action%It is b, that slf:sa! act ofth plaintiff or ptitionr offilin# th co!plaint or ptitionb, which h si#nifis hiss+b!ission to th co+rtspowr an" a+thorit, that

'+ris"iction is ac.+ir" b, thCo+rt o$r his prson%

;% 8o"=*ris(iction over te(e!en(ant is ac@*ire(

-+ris"iction o$r thprson of th "fn"ant isobtain" b, th sr$ic ofs+!!ons or othr corci$

procss +pon hi! or b, his$ol+ntar, s+b!ission to tha+thorit, of th co+rt%

). 5*ris(iction overte s*+=ect 'atter

-+ris"iction o$r ths+b'ct or nat+r of action isconfrr" b, law% It is proprl,in$o&" b, filin# th co!plaint

or infor!ation%

1. Meanin, o!=*ris(iction overte s*+=ect'atter

Cas6 Locsin v. issan Lease Phils.=nc.* >%R% No% 1300@4* Octobr ;=*;=1= concpt of pri!ac, to thl!nt of '+ris"iction

Locsin* at th ti! of hiss$ranc fro! Nissan* was thlattrs corporat officr% >i$nLocsins stat+s as a corporatofficr* th RTC* not th LaborArbitr or th NLRC* has '+ris"ictionto har th l#alit, of thtr!ination of his rlationship withNissan%

In this cas* th SC #a$

prc"nc to th !rits of th casan" pri!ac, to th l!nt of'+ris"iction% -+ris"iction is th powrto har an" r+l on a cas an" is ththrshol" l!nt that !+st /istbfor an, .+asi:'+"icial officr canact% Th Labor Arbitr "os notha$ '+ris"iction o$r thtr!ination "isp+t Locsin bro+#ht*an" sho+l" not b allow" tocontin+ to act on th cas aftr th

absnc of '+ris"iction has bco!ob$io+s* bas" on th rcor"s an"th law* $n if thr was aproc"+ral flaw in .+stionin# th'+ris"iction of th Labor Arbitr% In!or practical tr!s* a contrar,r+lin# will onl, ca+s s+bstantial"la, an" incon$ninc as wll as+nncssar, /pnss* to th pointof in'+stic* to th partis% Thisconcl+sion* of co+rs* "os not #o

into th !rits of tr!ination ofrlationship an" is witho+t pr'+"icto th filin# of an intra:corporat"isp+t on this point bfor thappropriat RTC%

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ivil +ervice o99ission v. Andal*>R% No% 1304?2* Dc!br 1@* ;==2 '+ris"iction o$r co+rt prsonnl

In pr$io+s cass* th Ci$il Sr$ic

Co!!ission rco#ni" th"isciplinar, '+ris"iction of thS+pr! Co+rt o$r co+rtprsonnl% This is consonant withSction @* Articl )III of th 1234Constit+tion $stin# in th S+pr!Co+rt a"!inistrati$ s+pr$isiono$r all co+rts an" th prsonnlthrof% Th+s6 5Sc% @% Th S+pr!Co+rt shall ha$ a"!inistrati$s+pr$ision o$r all co+rts an" th

prsonnl throf% (, $irt+ of thispowr* it is onl, th S+pr! Co+rtthat can o$rs th '+"#s an"co+rt prsonnls a"!inistrati$co!plianc with all laws* r+ls an"r#+lations% No othr branch of#o$rn!nt !a, intr+" into thispowr* witho+t r+nnin# afo+l of th"octrin of sparation of powrs%

ReCrder dated !1 ece9)er !006

issued )y &ud5e Boni7acio +an2Maceda, R Las Pinas Branch !:"sus(endin5 Loida M. ena)e, Le5alResearcher, sa9e court* A%M% =4:;:2nab% -+"# Mac"asho+l" ha$ appli" ths nw#+i"lins an" not Circ+lar No%


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of a"!inistrati$s+pr$ision%

In th prc"in# instancs* thE/c+ti$ -+"# shall con"+ct th

ncssar, in.+ir, an" s+b!it to thOffic of th Co+rt A"!inistrator thrs+lts throf with arco!!n"ation as to th action tob ta&n thron* incl+"in# thpnalt, to b i!pos"* if an,* withinthirt, 8nab for th offnsof n#lct of "+t,% Un"r Sction0;8(9* R+l I) of th R$is"Unifor! R+ls on A"!inistrati$Cass in th Ci$il Sr$ic* si!pln#lct of "+t, is a lss #ra$offns which carris a pnalt, ofon !onth an" on "a, to si/!onths s+spnsion for th first

offns% Un"r A%M% No% =


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(istin,*ise( !ro'error o! =*(,'ent

Aftr a co+rt hasobtain" '+ris"iction o$r th

partis an" th s+b'ct !attrof th action* th fail+r to#i$ notic of s+bs.+ntstps in th proc"in#s "osnot "pri$ th co+rt of'+ris"iction% If s+bstantialin'+r, rs+lts fro! th fail+rof notic an" co!plaint is "+l,!a" throf* th act of thco+rt !a, b hl" to brrono+s an" will b

corrct" in th proprproc"in# b+t is not an actwitho+t or in /css of'+ris"iction an" is not $oi"%

Th tr! /css of'+ris"iction si#nifis that thco+rt* boar" or officr has'+ris"iction o$r a cas b+ttranscn"" th sa! oract" witho+t a+thorit,%

?. 8o"=*ris(iction iscon!erre( an((eter'ine(

Onl, th Constit+tion or law confrs'+ris"iction o$r th s+b'ct !attr%It cannot b fi/" b, th will ofpartisG it cannot b ac.+ir"thro+#h* or wai$"* nlar#" or

"i!inish" b,* an, act or o!issionof th partis%

On th othr han"* what "tr!insth nat+r of th action as wll asth co+rt* which has '+ris"iction o$rth cas* is th all#ation !a" b,th plaintiff in his co!plaint%

ustilo v. ustilo* >%R% No% 140?24*Octobr 12* ;=11* @02 SCRA @12

Ptitionr Mar, -o, Ann an"

rspon"nt -os )icnt III archil"rn of th lat Att,% Ar!an"o>+stilo with "iffrnt !othrs% Th"c"nt own" s$ral proprtisan" was th prsi"nt of A%>% A#ro:In"+strial Corporation in Ca"i Cit,*N#ros Occi"ntal% Followin# thirfathrs "ath* Mar, -o, an" -os)icnt ntr" into a M!oran"+!of A#r!nt 8MOA9* a"'+"icatin#btwn th!sl$s thir fathrs

proprtis% On of ths wasacin"a I!l"a* which th MOAassi#n" to Mar, -o,% ow$r* thhacin"as titl r!ain" in thna! of A%>% A#ro% Mar, -o,i!!"iatl, too& possssion of thlan" an" plant" s+#arcan on it% In1224 -os )icnt* as prsi"nt ofA%>% A#ro* las" acin"a I!l"aan" its far! i!pl!nts torspon"nt Tita S, o+n# for fi$

a#ric+lt+ral crop ,ars fro! 1224+ntil ;==;% (in# financiall, har" +p*Mar, -o, co+l" not "o an,thin#abo+t it% Whn th las contractwas abo+t to /pir* Mar, -o,a"$is" o+n# to s+rrn"r th lan"to hr% (+t th lattr rf+s" to,il" possssion an" contin+" toc+lti$at th sa! for s+#arcan%This pro!pt" Mar, -o, to fil anaction a#ainst -os )icnt an"

o+n# for rco$r, of possssion ofth hacin"a* cancllation of thlas contract* an" "a!a#s bforth R#ional Trial Co+rt 8RTC9 ofCa"i Cit,% -os )icnt fil" a!otion to "is!iss !ainl, on th#ro+n" that th Ca"i RTC ha" no'+ris"iction to har an" "ci" intra:

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corporat "isp+ts* th proprfor+! bin# a spciall, "si#nat"co!!rcial co+rt%

(oth th RTC an" CA r+l" in fa$or

of -os )icnt an" "is!iss" thco!plaint for lac& of '+ris"ictionwitho+t pr'+"ic to th r:filin# ofth cas in th propr co+rt%

ISSUE6 Whthr or not Mar, -o,saction prsnts an intra:corporat"isp+t that blon#s to th'+ris"iction of a spciall, "si#nat"co!!rcial co+rt%

RULIN>6 It is a basic r+l that'+ris"iction o$r th s+b'ct !attris "tr!in" b, th all#ations inth co!plaint% It can b #lan"fro! Mar, -o,s all#ations in hrco!plaint that hr cas is principall,on for rco$r, of possssion%I!!"iatl, +pon th /c+tion ofth MOA in 122


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It is inc+!bnt +pon thpart, who has ana"!inistrati$ r!",to p+rs+ th sa! to

its appropriatconcl+sion bfors&in# '+"icialintr$ntion% Th Co+rthas consistntl,ritrat" th rationalbhin" th "octrin ofth /ha+stion ofa"!inistrati$ r!"is6

On of th rasons for

th "octrin of/ha+stion is thsparation of powrs*which n'oins +pon th-+"iciar, a bco!in#polic, of non:intrfrnc with!attrs co!in#pri!aril, 8albit not/cl+si$l,9 within thco!ptnc of th othr

"part!nts% Th thor,is that tha"!inistrati$a+thoritis ar in abttr position torsol$ .+stionsa""rss" to thirpartic+lar /prtis an"that rrors co!!itt"b, s+bor"inats in thirrsol+tion !a, b

rctifi" b, thirs+priors if #i$n achanc to "o so7 It !a,b a""" that strictnforc!nt of th r+lco+l" also rli$ thco+rts of a consi"rabln+!br of a$oi"abl

cass which othrwiswo+l" b+r"n thirha$il, loa"" "oc&ts%

Th fail+r to /ha+st

a"!inistrati$ r!"is*how$r* "os not affctth '+ris"iction of thco+rt% Non:/ha+stion ofa"!inistrati$ r!"isonl, rn"rs th actionpr!at+r* that th5clai!" ca+s of actionis not rip for '+"icial"tr!ination% 8Mri"aWatrwor&s District $%

(acarro* >%R% No%1@022


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within th propr'+ris"iction of th co+rt%8Pi!ntl $% SnatCo!!itt as a Whol*>%R% No% 13441?* March

3* ;=119

This prcl+"s co+rtsfro! rsol$in#* in thfirst instanc*contro$rsis fallin#+n"r th '+ris"iction ofa"!inistrati$ a#ncis%Co+rts rco#ni thata"!inistrati$ a#ncisar bttr .+ipp" to

sttl fact+al iss+swithin thir spcific fil"of /prtis bca+s ofthir spcial s&ills an"tchnical &nowl"#% Forthis rason* a pr!at+rin$ocation of th co+rts'+"icial powr is oftnstr+c& "own* +nlss itcan b shown that thcas falls +n"r an, of

th applicabl/cptions% 8Cab+n#cal$% Lorno* >%R% No%1@=


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INSTANCES WEN A COURT MALOSE -URISDICTION E)EN IF IT AS(EEN ATTACED TO IT6

1Whn a s+bs.+nt law pro$i"s a

prohibition for th contin+"/rcis of '+ris"iction [Rillora2avs. Arcia5a, !1 +RA :1:]%

;Whr th law pnaliin# an actwhich is p+nishabl is rpal" b,a s+bs.+nt law% Th rason isthat th Stat loss th powr toprosc+t whn th law isrpal"* hnc* th co+rt has no!or powr to "ci" [Peo(le vs.

Pastor, :: Phil. 1000]%

%R% No%

141=2;* March 10* ;=1=

Lh+illir fil" a co!plaint for"a!a#s a#ainst (ritish Airwa,sbfor RTC of Ma&ati% (ritish Airwa,s!o$" to "is!iss th co!plaint onth #ro+n"s of lac& of '+ris"ictiono$r th cas bas" on th WarsawCon$ntion% Accor"in# to SC* thWarsaw Con$ntion has th forcan" ffct of law in this co+ntr,% It

applis bca+s th air tra$l whrth all#" tortio+s con"+ctocc+rr" was btwn th U an"Ital,* which ar both si#natoris toth Con$ntion% Sinc thCon$ntion applis* thn th'+ris"iction o$r th s+b'ct !attrof th action is #o$rn" b, thpro$isions throf% Un"r Articl ;3819 of th Con$ntion* th plaintiff!a, brin# th action for "a!a#s

bfor6 8a9 th co+rt whr thcarrir is "o!icil"G 8b9 th co+rtwhr th carrir has its principalplac of b+sinssG 8c9 th co+rtwhr th carrir has anstablish!nt b, which th contracthas bn !a"G or* 8c9 th co+rt ofth plac of "stination%

In this cas* (ritish Airwa,s is"o!icil" in U with Lon"on as its

principal plac of b+sinss% Itappars that th tic&t was iss+" inRo!* Ital, an" th plac of"stination is also Ro!* Ital,%Lh+illir thrfor has th option tobrin# hr cas bfor th co+rts ofRo! in Ital, or in Lon"on* U% ThRTC of Ma&ati "i" not ha$

21


22/200

'+ris"iction o$r th cas fil" b,Lh+illir%

Machado v. atdula* >%R% No%10@;34* Fbr+ar, 1@* ;=1=

Th cas in$ol$" th '+ris"iction ofth Co!!ission on Sttl!nt ofLan" Probl!s 8COSLAP9% Un"r EO0@1* th COSLAP !a, in thfollowin# cass* ass+! '+ris"ictionan" rsol$ lan" probl!s or"isp+ts which ar critical an"/plosi$ in nat+r consi"rin# forinstanc th lar# n+!br of thpartis in$ol$"* th prsnc or

!r#nc of social tnsion or+nrst* or othr si!ilar criticalsit+ations r.+irin# i!!"iataction6 8a9 btwnocc+pantsHs.+attrs an" past+rlas a#r!nt hol"rs or ti!brconcssionairsG 8b9 btwnocc+pantsHs.+attrs an"#o$rn!nt rsr$ation #rantsG8c9 btwn occ+pantsHs.+attrsan" p+blic lan" clai!ants or

applicantsG 8"9 Ptitions forclassification* rlas an"Hors+b"i$ision of lan"s of th p+blic"o!ainG an"* 89 othr si!ilar lan"probl!s of #ra$ +r#nc, an"!a#nit+"% In this cas* how$r*th proprtis in$ol$" in th"isp+t ar pri$at lan"s own" b,pri$at partis* non of who is as.+attr* a patnt las a#r!nthol"r* a #o$rn!nt rsr$ation

#rant* a p+blic lan" clai!ant or a!!br of an, c+lt+ral !inorit,%

Moro$r* th "isp+t btwn thpartis can har"l, b classifi" ascritical or /plosi$ in nat+r thatwo+l" #nrat social tnsion or+nrst* or a critical sit+ation that

wo+l" r.+ir i!!"iat an" +r#ntaction% Th iss+s rais" in th caspri!aril, in$ol$ th application ofth Ci$il Co" pro$isions on Proprt,an" th Eas!nt of Ri#ht of Wa,%

-+ris"iction o$r a s+b'ct !attr isconfrr" b, law an" not b, thpartis action or con"+ct% Estoppl#nrall, "os not confr'+ris"iction o$r a ca+s of action toa trib+nal whr non* b, law*/ists%

Th opration of th principl ofstoppl on th .+stion of

'+ris"iction "pn"s +pon whthrth lowr co+rt act+all, ha"'+ris"iction or not% If it ha" no'+ris"iction* b+t th cas was tri"an" "ci"" +pon th thor, that itha" '+ris"iction* th partis ar notbarr"* on appal* fro! assailin#s+ch '+ris"iction* for th sa! !+st/ist as a !attr of law* an" !a,not b confrr" b, consnt of thpartis or b, stoppl% ow$r* if

th lowr co+rt ha" '+ris"iction* an"th cas was har" an" "ci""+pon a #i$n thor,* s+ch* forinstanc* as that th co+rt ha" no'+ris"iction* th part, who in"+c" itto a"opt s+ch thor, will not bpr!itt"* on appal* to ass+! aninconsistnt position that th lowrco+rt ha" '+ris"iction% r* thprincipl of stoppl applis% Thr+l that '+ris"iction is confrr" b,

law an" "os not "pn" +pon thwill of th partis* has no barin#thron%

3. E!!ect o!esto%%el ono+=ections to=*ris(iction

22


23/200

u*an =nternational or(. v. $on.Reyes* >%R% No% 13;4;2* Spt!br;2* ;=1=

In this cas* '+"#!nt was rn"r"a#ainst +&an Inc% Whn th"cision bca! final* a writ of/c+tion was iss+" a#ainst it% ThShriff thn l$i" on $ario+sprsonal proprtis fo+n" at whatwas s+ppos" to b +&+n Inc%soffic% +&an Intrnational Corp%thn fil" an Affi"a$it of Thir":Part,Clai!% Plaintiff insist" that appl,in#th principl of pircin# th $il of

corporat fiction* /c+tion sho+l"proc" $n a#ainst +&anIntrnational Corp% It f+rthr ar#+"that th filin# of th Affi"a$it an"s+bs.+nt pla"in#s a!o+nts to$ol+ntar, s+b!ission to th'+ris"iction of th co+rt%

Th pr$ailin# r+l is La aval ru5v. ourt o7 A((eals* ;


24/200

!rits of th action an" th n"s ofs+bstantial '+stic will b s+bsr$"thrb,7

D. 5*ris(iction over

te res or %ro%erty inliti,ation

Th co+rt cannot ac.+ir '+ris"ictiono$r th prson of a non:rsi"nt"fn"ant% Procss sr$" b, thco+rt is not nforcabl b,on" thtrritorial li!its of th Philippins%An action !a, b fil" a#ainst anon:rsi"nt "fn"ant whichaffcts th prsonal stat+s of th

plaintiff or for th p+rpos ofproc"in# a#ainst th proprt, of anon:rsi"nt "fn"ant s+ch asforclos+r of !ort#a# or to obtaina writ of attach!nt +n"r Sction10* R+l 1?% (+t in s+ch cass*'+ris"iction o$r th prson of th"fn"ant is i!!atrial so lon# asth co+rt ac.+irs '+ris"iction o$rth res.

-+ris"iction o$r th prson of th"fn"ant is ssntial in actions in(ersona9 not in actions in re9 or'uasi in re9 so lon# as th co+rt"os not rn"r prsonal '+"#!nta#ainst th "fn"ant% Th+s* anaction to forclos a !ort#a#a#ainst a non:rsi"nt "fn"ant+pon who! sr$ic has bnffct" /cl+si$l, b, p+blication is$ali" b+t no prsonal '+"#!nt for

th "ficinc, can b ntr"%

-+ris"iction o$r th res is ac.+ir"ithr6 8a9 b, th si+r of thproprt, +n"r l#al procsswhrb, it is bro+#ht into act+alc+sto", of law act+al si+r !a,b ffct" b, attach!nt

proc"in#sG or 8b9 it !a, rs+ltfro! th instit+tion of l#alproc"in#s whrin +n"r spcialpro$isions of law* th powr of thco+rt is rco#ni" an" !a"

ffcti$ E/a!pl6 lan"r#istration cass or probatproc"in#s whr '+ris"iction isobtain" b, co!plianc withproc"+ral r.+isits s+ch asp+blication% Lac& of notic in a lan"r#istration cas confrs no'+ris"iction to th co+rt%

E% 5*ris(iction o!&o*rts

1. S*%re'e&o*rt

5URISDI&TION O7 T8E SU$REME&OURT ;S&


25/200

!a'orit, of th M!brs whoact+all, too& part in th"libration on th iss+s inth cas an" $ot" thron


26/200

89 Cass in$ol$in#"cisions* rsol+tions*an" or"rs of th Ci$ilSr$ic Co!!ission* thCo!!ission on

Elctions* an" thCo!!ission on A+"itG8f9 Cass whr th pnalt,

rco!!n"" ori!pos" is th "is!issalof a '+"#* th"isbar!nt of a law,r*th s+spnsion of an, ofth! for a prio" of!or than on ,ar* or afin /c"in# ?=*===

psosG8#9 Cass co$r" b, th

prc"in# para#raphan" in$ol$in# thrinstat!nt in th'+"iciar, of a "is!iss"'+"#* th rinstat!ntof a law,r in th roll ofattorn,s* or th liftin#of a '+"#s s+spnsionor a law,rs s+spnsion

fro! th practic of lawG8h9 Cass in$ol$in# th

"isciplin of a M!brof th Co+rt* or aPrsi"in# -+stic* or an,Associat -+stic of thcoll#ial appllatco+rtsG

8i9 Cass whr a "octrinor principl lai" "own b,th co+rt n banc or b,

a Di$ision !a, b!o"ifi" or r$rs"G

8'9 Cass in$ol$in#conflictin# "cisions oftwo or !or "i$isionsG

8&9 Cass whr thr $otsin a Di$ision cannot bobtain"G

8l9 Di$ision cass whr ths+b'ct !attr has ah+# financial i!pact onb+sinsss or affcts thwlfar of th

co!!+nit,G8!9 S+b'ct to Sction 11 8b9of this r+l* othr"i$ision cass that* inth opinion of at last o$rn!nt +n"r

Sction ;


32/200

instit+t" with* an" 'ointl,"tr!in" in th sa!proc"in# b, th CTA* thfilin# of th cri!inal actionbin# "!" to ncssaril,

carr, with it th filin# of thci$il action* an" no ri#ht torsr$ th fillin# of s+ch ci$ilaction sparatl, fro! thcri!inal action will brco#ni"%

;% E/cl+si$ appllat'+ris"iction in cri!inaloffnss6

a% O$r appalsfro! th '+"#!nts*rsol+tions or or"rs ofth R#ional Trial Co+rtsin ta/ cass ori#inall,"ci"" b, th!* inthir rspct"trritorial '+ris"iction%

b% O$r ptitionsfor r$iw of th

'+"#!nts* rsol+tionsor or"rs of th R#ionalTrial Co+rts in th/rcis of thirappllat '+ris"ictiono$r ta/ cass ori#inall,"ci"" b, thMtropolitan TrialCo+rts* M+nicipal TrialCo+rts an" M+nicipalCirc+it Trial Co+rts in

thir rspcti$'+ris"iction%

c% -+ris"iction o$rta/ collction cass ashrin pro$i""6

1% E/cl+si$ori#inal '+ris"ictionin ta/ collctioncass in$ol$in#final an"

/c+tor,assss!nts forta/s* fs*char#s an"pnaltis6Pro$i""*how$r* Thatcollction casswhr thprincipal a!o+ntof ta/s an" fs*

/cl+si$ ofchar#s an"pnaltis* clai!"is lss than On!illion psos8P1*===*===%==9shall b tri" b,th proprM+nicipal TrialCo+rt*Mtropolitan Trial

Co+rt an"R#ional TrialCo+rt%

;% E/cl+si$appllat'+ris"iction in ta/collction cass6

a% O$rappals fro! th

'+"#!nts*rsol+tions oror"rs of thR#ional TrialCo+rts in ta/collction cassori#inall, "ci""b, th!* in thir

32


33/200

rspcti$trritorial'+ris"iction%

b% O$r

ptitions forr$iw of th'+"#!nts*rsol+tions oror"rs of thR#ional TrialCo+rts in thE/rcis of thirappllat'+ris"iction o$rta/ collction

cass ori#inall,"ci"" b, thMtropolitan TrialCo+rts* M+nicipalTrial Co+rts an"M+nicipal Circ+itTrial Co+rts* inthir rspcti$'+ris"iction% 8Rp%Act No% 11;0 asa!n"" b, Rp%

Act No% 2;3;9

?%San"i#anba,an

As rstr+ct+r"* th San"i#anba,anis prsntl, co!pos" of a Prsi"in#-+stic an" fo+rtn 81?9 Associat-+stics who sit in fi$ 809 Di$isionsof thr -+stics ach in th trial an""tr!ination of cass%

Th '+ris"iction of thSan"i#anba,an is prhaps on ofth !ost oftn a!n"" pro$isionsfro! th 124< Constit+tion to RA3;?2 of 1224% (for RA 3;?2*'+ris"iction of th San"i#anba,anwas "tr!in" on th basis of th

pnalt, i!posabl on th offnschar#"% Thn* it was a!n"" s+chthat r#ar"lss of th pnalt,* solon# as a p+blic officr co!!itt"th offns char#"* th

San"i#anba,an was $st" with'+ris"iction% Un"r RA 3;?2* to"tr!in whthr thSan"i#anba,an has '+ris"iction*law,rs !+st loo& into two 8;9critria* na!l,6 th nat+r of thoffns an" th salar, #ra" of thp+blic official%Th+s* Sc%? of RA 3;?2 pro$i"s thatth San"i#anba,an shall ha$

ori#inal /cl+si$ '+ris"iction o$r6

I%9 )iolations of RA


34/200

"9 Corr+ption of p+blic officials+n"r Art% ;1;

whr on or !or of th acc+s"ar officials occ+p,in# th followin#

positions in th #o$rn!nt whthrin a pr!annt* actin# or intri!capacit,* at th ti! of thco!!ission of th offns6

19 Officials of th /c+ti$branch occ+p,in# th positions ofr#ional "irctor an" hi#hr*othrwis classifi" as >ra" ;4 an"hi#hr* of th Co!pnsation an"Position Classification Act of 1232

Rp+blic Act No% @4039 spcificall,incl+"in#6

a9 Pro$incial #o$rnors* $ic:#o$rnors* !!brs of thsan##+nian# panlalawi#an*pro$incial tras+rrs* assssors*n#inrs an" othr pro$incial"part!nt ha"sG

b9 Cit, !a,ors* $ic:!a,ors*

!!brs of th san##+nian#pan#l+n#so"* cit, tras+rrs*assssors* n#inrs an" othr"part!nt ha"sG

c9 Officials of th "iplo!aticsr$ic occ+p,in# th position ofcons+l an" hi#hrG

"9 Philippin Ar!, an" Air forccolonls* na$al captains an" all

officrs of hi#hr ran&G

9 Officrs of th PNP whilocc+p,in# th position of Pro$incialDirctor an" thos hol"in# th ran&of Snior S+printn"nt or hi#hrG

f9 Cit, an" pro$incial

prosc+tors an" thir assistantsGofficials an" th prosc+tors in thOffic of th O!b+"s!an an"spcial prosc+torG

#9 Prsi"nt* "irctors ortr+sts or !ana#rs of #o$rn!ntown" or controll" corporations*stat +ni$rsitis or "+cationalinstit+tions or fo+n"ationsG

;9 M!brs of Con#rss an"Officials throf classifi" as >ra";4 an" +p +n"r th Co!pnsationan" Classification Act of 1232G

ra" ;4 an"

hi#hr +n"r th Co!pnsation an"Position Classification Act of 1232%

I)%9 Othr offnss or floniswhthr si!pl or co!pl/" withothr cri!s co!!itt" in rlationto thir offic b, th p+blic officialsan" !plo,s !ntion" abo$G

)%9 Ci$il an" Cri!inal Cass fil"p+rs+ant to an" in connction with

EO 1* ;* 1? 1?:A iss+" in 123@

)I%9 Ptitions for iss+anc of Writ of!an"a!+s* prohibition* crtiorari*habas corp+s* in'+nction an" othrancillar, writs an" procsss in ai"of its appllat '+ris"ictionGPro$i""* '+ris"iction is not /cl+si$

34


35/200

of th S+pr! Co+rt

)II%9 Ptitions for +o Warrantoarisin# or that !a, aris in cassfil" or that !a, b fil" +n"r EO

1* ;* 1? 1?:A

)III%9 OTERS pro$i"" th acc+s"blon#s to S> ;4 or hi#hr6

a%9 )iolation of RA @41< : Co"of Con"+ct an" Ethical Stan"ar"s

b%9 )iolation of RA 4=3= : TEPLUNDER LAW

c%9 )iolation of RA 4@02 : Thino+s Cri! Law 8Not6rpal" b, RA 2


36/200

b+t which wr co!!itt" b, p+blicofficrs blow Salar, >ra" ;4%

Consi"r th followin#6

819 If th acc+s" is a !+nicipal!a,or char#" with !al$rsation*which co+rt has '+ris"iction o$rhi!J It is th San"i#anba,an thathas '+ris"iction o$r th !+nicipal!a,or% It is th officials #ra" that"tr!ins his or hr salar,* not thothr wa, aro+n"% To "tr!inwhthr th official is within th/cl+si$ '+ris"iction of thSan"i#anba,an* rfrnc sho+l" b

!a" to Rp% Act no% @403 an" thIn"/ of Occ+pational Sr$ics*Position* Titls an" Salar, >ra"s%An officials #ra" is not a !attr ofproof b+t a !attr of law which thco+rt !+st ta& '+"icial notic% Sc%??? 8"9 of th Local >o$rn!ntCo" pro$i"s that th !+nicipal!a,or shall rci$ a !ini!+!!onthl, co!pnsationcorrspon"in# to Salar, >ra" ;4 as

prscrib" +n"r Rp% Act No% @403an" th i!pl!ntin# #+i"linsiss+" p+rs+ant thrto% 8Llornt -r%$% San"i#anba,an* >%R% Nos%1;;;24:23* -an+ar, 12* ;===9

8;9 If th acc+s" is a !+nicipal!a,or char#" with rap* whichco+rt has '+ris"iction o$r hi!J Thoffns wo+l" fall +n"r 5Othroffnss or flonis whthr si!pl

or co!pl/" with othr cri!sco!!itt" in rlation to thir officb, th p+blic officials an"!plo,s !ntion" abo$% Thr!+st how$r b a showin# that thoffns char#" was inti!atl,connct" with th "ischar# ofofficial f+nctions of th acc+s"

!a,orG othrwis* '+ris"iction is withth r#+lar co+rts%

B. Re,ional Trial

&o*rts

5URISDI&TION O7 RE#IONALTRIAL &OURTS ;RT&


37/200

this Co+rt hasconsi"r" s+ch whrth s+b'ct of thliti#ation !a, not bsti!at" in tr!s of

!on,* an" arco#niabl /cl+si$l,b, co+rts of firstinstanc 8now R#ionalTrial Co+rts9%

E/a!pls of actions incapabl ofpc+niar, sti!ation ar thos forspcific prfor!anc* s+pport* orforclos+r of !ort#a# orann+l!nt of '+"#!ntG also actions

.+stionin# th $ali"it, of a!ort#a#* ann+llin# a "" of salor con$,anc an" to rco$r thpric pai" an" for rscission* whichis a co+ntrpart of spcificprfor!anc%

Th cas of Lu v. Lu Ym Sr. #.R.No. 1B>2C* is a classic ill+strationof th "#r of "iffic+lt, in$ol$" in"tr!inin# whthr a cas is

capabl or incapabl of pc+niar,sti!ation% Th ob'cti$ of thco!plaint in that cas was to"clar as n+ll an" $oi" th iss+ancof @==*=== +ns+bscrib" an"+niss+" shars in L+"o an" L+,!D$lop!nt Corporation 8LLDC9 fora pric of 1H13 of thir ral $al+ forbin# in.+itabl* ha$in# bn "onin brach of "irctors fi"+ciar,s"+t, to stoc&hol"rs* in $iolation of

th !inorit, stoc&hol"rs ri#hts*an" with +n'+st nrich!nt% Thco!plaint all#" th $al+ of thshars as Php1*=34*=00*1=0% Is thisan action incapabl or capabl ofpc+niar, sti!atJ In th A+#+st;@* ;==3 Dcision pnn" b, -+sticNach+ra* h concl+"" that th

s+b'ct !attr of th co!plaint wasincapabl of pc+niar, sti!ation%Thr was no "issnt% Upon Motionfor Rconsi"ration* th sa!"i$ision rsol$" on A+#+st ?* ;==2

that th co!plaint was capabl ofpc+niar, sti!at% -+stic Nach+rawrot* +pon "pr rflction an" toth /tnt of th "a!a# or in'+r,s+ffr" b, th plaintiffs fro! thsal of th shars* th action can bcharactri" as capabl ofpc+niar, sti!ation% -+stic Carpio:Morals wrot a "issnt% Whn th!attr was bro+#ht +p to th SC En(anc* th Co+rt thro+#h -+stic

Carpio:Morals rsol$" that ths+b'ct !attr of th co!plaint wasincapabl of pc+niar, sti!at%8Fbr+ar, 10* ;=119 -+stic Nach+ra"issnt"%

Not that th Co+rt cit" its intrnalr+ls to '+stif, th cas bin#"ci"" b, th co+rt n banc%

Anothr cas of intrst is Mi%R% No% 1


38/200

th instant co!plaintJ For this casan" othr si!ilarl, sit+at"instancs* w fin" that it is co$r"b, Sction 48b98


39/200

a"'+stin# thir rspcti$ positionsin th hop of #ainin# balanc" b,th "an#r of losin#% Un"r thas+n"+an* rspon"nt was onl,r.+ir" to /c+t a wai$r of all

possibl clai!s arisin# fro! thlas contract if ptitionr f+ll,co!plis with his obli#ationsthr+n"r% It is +n"isp+t" thathrin ptitionr "i" not%

;% In all ci$il actions whichin$ol$ th titl to* orpossssion of* ral proprt,* oran, intrst thrin* whrth assss" $al+ of th

proprt, in$ol$" /c"sP;=*===* or for ci$il actions inMtro Manila whr s+ch$al+ /c"s P0=*=== /cptactions for forcibl ntr, intoan" +nlawf+l "tainr of lan"sor b+il"in#s* ori#inal'+ris"iction o$r which isconfrr" +pon th MTC*MTC* an" MCTC


40/200

li.+i"at" "a!a#s in th a!o+nt ofP1==*===%== as pro$i"" for inpara#raph s$n of th contract*which pro$i"s6

That a $iolation of thcon"itions st forth inpro$isions Nos% 8;9 an"809 of this contract shallntitl th EMPLOER tocollct fro! thEMPLOEE th s+! ofONE UNDREDTOUSAND PESOS8P1==*===%==9 b, wa, ofli.+i"at" "a!a#s an"

li&wis to a"optappropriat l#al!as+rs to pr$nt thEMPLOEE fro!accptin# !plo,!ntan"Hor n#a#in#*"irctl, or in"irctl,* in ab+sinss si!ilar to or inco!ptition with that ofth EMPLOER* bforth laps of th

aforsai" prio" of TWO8;9 EARS fro! "at oftr!ination of sr$icfro! EMPLOER%

This iss+ is6 Is ptitionrKs clai! for"a!a#s on arisin# fro! !plo,r:!plo, rlationsJ

Ptitionr "os not as& for an, rlif+n"r th Labor Co" of th

Philippins% It s&s to rco$r"a!a#s a#r" +pon in thcontract as r"rss for pri$atrspon"ntKs brach of hiscontract+al obli#ation to its"a!a# an" pr'+"ic 8Rollo* p%049% S+ch ca+s of action is withinth ral! of Ci$il Law* an"

'+ris"iction o$r th contro$rs,blon#s to th r#+lar co+rts% Morso whn w consi"r that thstip+lation rfrs to th post:!plo,!nt rlations of th partis%

-+rispr+"nc has $ol$" th r+lthat clai!s for "a!a#s +n"rpara#raph ? of Articl ;14* to bco#niabl b, th Labor Arbitr*!+st ha$ a rasonabl ca+salconnction with an, of th clai!spro$i"" for in that articl% Onl, ifthr is s+ch a connction with thothr clai!s can th clai! for"a!a#s b consi"r" as arisin#

fro! !plo,r:!plo, rlations%

Husen Air and +ea +ervice v.illa9or* ?@4 SCRA 1@3

Clai! for "a!a#s +n"r Art% ;14 ofth Labor Co" to b co#niabl b,th Labor Arbitr !+st ha$rasonabl ca+sal connction withan, of th clai!s pro$i"" for inthat articl% Whn th ca+s of

action is bas" on .+asi "lict ortort which has no rasonablconnction with an, of th clai!spro$i"" for in Art% ;14* '+ris"ictiono$r th action is with th r#+larco+rts%

In +sn Air* th clai! for "a!a#sis bas" on brach of !plo,!ntcontract prohibitin# n#a#!nt inco!ptin# b+sinss aftr two ,ars

fro! rsi#nation%

o9elec v. &ud5e rinidad>PeA5uirre* >%R% No% 141;=3*Spt!br 4* ;==4 Sction ;@3 ofth O!nib+s Elction Co"spcificall, pro$i"s* r#ional trialco+rts ha$ /cl+si$ '+ris"iction to

40


41/200

tr, an" "ci" an, cri!inal action orproc"in#s for $iolation of th Co"/cpt thos rlatin# to th offnsof fail+r to r#istr or fail+r to$ot% ow abo+t $iolation of

Sction ;@1 89 8


42/200

b9 Ptitions for #+ar"ianship*

c+sto", of chil"rn* habas corp+sin rlation to th lattrG

c9 Ptitions for a"option ofchil"rn an" th r$ocation throfG"9 Co!plaints for ann+l!nt

of !arria#* "claration of n+llit, of!arria# an" thos rlatin# to!arital stat+s an" proprt, rlationsof h+sban" an" wif or thos li$in#to#thr +n"r "iffrnt stat+s an"a#r!nts* an" ptitions for"issol+tion of con'+#al partnrship

of #ainsG

9 Ptitions for s+pport an"Horac&nowl"#!ntG

f9 S+!!ar, '+"icialproc"in#s bro+#ht +n"r thpro$isions of E/c+ti$ Or"r No%;=2* othrwis &nown as th Fa!il,Co" of th PhilippinsG

#9 Ptitions for "claration ofstat+s of chil"rn as aban"on"*"pn"nt of n#lct" chil"rn*ptitions for $ol+ntar, or in$ol+ntar,co!!it!nt of chil"rnG ths+spnsion* tr!ination* orrstoration of parntal a+thorit, an"othr cass co#niabl +n"rPrsi"ntial Dcr No% @=


43/200

If an, .+stion in$ol$in# an, of thabo$ !attrs sho+l" aris as aninci"nt in an, cas pn"in# in thr#+lar co+rts* sai" inci"nt shall b

"tr!in" in that co+rt%

4.Metro%olitan

Trial &o*rtsM*nici%alTrial &o*rts

5URISDI&TION O7METRO$OLITAN TRIAL &OURTSMUNI&I$AL TRIAL &OURTSMUNI&I$AL &IR&UIT TRIAL

&OURTS6

In Ci$il Cass

1% E/cl+si$ ori#inal '+ris"ictiono$r ci$il actions an" probatproc"in#s* tstat an"intstat* incl+"in# th #rantof pro$isional r!"is inpropr cass* whr th $al+of th prsonal proprt,*

stat* or a!o+nt of th"!an" "os not /c"Thr h+n"r" tho+san"psos 8P%R% No%1?=4?@* March 1@* ;==0* whr th$icti! an" th ins+ranc co!pan,wr co:plaintiffs in a s+it a#ainstth b+s co!pan, rsponsibl for th$hic+lar acci"nt%

Not that th first l$l co+rts nowha$ '+ris"iction o$r probatproc"in#s* tstat or intstat*whr th $al+ of th stat "os

not /c" in Php


44/200

or lttrs of a"!inistration #rant"*an" his stat sttl"* in th Co+rtof First Instanc in th pro$inc inwhich h rsi"s at th ti! of his"ath* an" if h is an inhabitant of a

fori#n co+ntr,* th Co+rt of First ofan, pro$inc in which h ha"stat7 R+l 4< an" R+l 4?sho+l" b consi"r" as ha$in#bn a!n"" bca+s of Rp% ActNo% 4@21%

;% E/cl+si$ ori#inal '+ris"ictiono$r cass of forcibl ntr,an" +nlawf+l "tainr6Pro$i""* That whn* in s+ch

cass* th "fn"ant raissth .+stions of ownrship inhis pla"in#s an" th .+stionof possssion cannot brsol$" witho+t "ci"in# thiss+ of ownrship* th iss+of ownrship shall b rsol$"onl, to "tr!in th iss+ ofpossssion

%R% No%13


45/200

r#istr" ownr an" s+ppos" lac&of tchnical "scription of thproprt, in th crtificat of titl%Th Co+rt thn consi"r" thappllant stopp" to .+stion th

trial co+rts '+ris"iction o$r ths+b'ct !attr an" nat+r of thcas ha$in# acti$l, p+rs+"thro+#ho+t th trial* b, filin# $ario+spla"in#s an" prsntin# allrl$ant "oc+!ntar, an"tsti!onial $i"nc* his thor, thatth portion occ+pi" b, hi! is notco$r" b, th Torrns titl of)ill#as%

In Juina5oran v. ourt o7 A((eals*0


46/200

th fs will b char#" onboth th a!o+nts clai!" an"$al+ of proprt, bas" on thfor!+la prscrib" in thispara#raph a%

Manchesterevelo(9entor(oration v. ourt o7A((eals81?2 SCRA 0@;9 Th co+rt ac.+irs'+ris"iction o$r an,cas onl, +pon pa,!ntof th prscrib" "oc&tf% An a!n"!nt ofth co!plaint or si!ilar

pla"in# will not thrb,$st '+ris"iction in thco+rt* !+ch lss thpa,!nt of th "oc&tf bas" on tha!o+nt so+#ht in tha!n"" pla"in#%

+un =nsurance C77ice,Ltd. E+=CLF v. Asuncion814= SCRA ;4?9 ::

Mo"ifi" r+lin# inManchesteran" "cr"that whr th initiator,pla"in# is notacco!pani" b, thpa,!nt of th "oc&tf* th co+rt !a, allowpa,!nt of th fwithin a rasonablprio" of ti!* b+t in nocas b,on" th

applicabl prscripti$or r#l!ntar, prio"%Th aforsai" r+lin# was!a" on th '+stificationthat* +nli& inManchester, th pri$atrspon"nt in +un=nsurance C77ice, Ltd.

E+=CLF "!onstrat" hiswillin#nss to abi" b,th r+ls b, pa,in# tha""itional "oc&t fsr.+ir"%

In Cri!inal Cass

1% E/cl+si$ ori#inal '+ris"ictiono$r all $iolations of cit, or!+nicipal or"inancsco!!itt" within thirrspcti$ trritorial'+ris"ictionG an"

;% E/cl+si$ ori#inal '+ris"ictiono$r all offnss p+nishabl

with i!prison!nt not/c"in# si/ 8@9 ,arsirrspcti$ of th a!o+nt offin* an" r#ar"lss of othri!posabl accssor, or othrpnaltis* incl+"in# th ci$illiabilit, arisin# fro! s+choffnss or pr"icat"thron* irrspcti$ of th&in"* nat+r* $al+ or a!o+ntthrofG pro$i""* how$r*

that in offnss in$ol$in#"a!a# to proprt, thro+#hcri!inal n#li#nc* th, shallha$ /cl+si$ ori#inal'+ris"iction throf% Sc% ;* RA4@21%

In /i5ueroa v. Peo(le* >%R% No%1?4?=@* -+l, 1?* ;==3* th offnsco!!itt" was rc&lss i!pr+"ncrs+ltin# in ho!ici" which was fil"

with th RTC altho+#h th i!posablpnalt, for th cri! was (risioncorreccional in its !"i+! an"!a/i!+! prio"s* or ; ,ars* ?!onths an" 1 "a, to @ ,ars* an"thrfor within th '+ris"iction ofth MTC%

46


47/200

Dl#at" '+ris"iction

Dl#at" -+ris"iction inCa"astral an" Lan"R#istration Cass%

Mtropolitan TrialCo+rts* M+nicipal TrialCo+rts* an" M+nicipalCirc+it Trial Co+rts !a,b assi#n" b, thS+pr! Co+rt to haran" "tr!in ca"astralor lan" r#istrationcass co$rin# lotswhr thr is nocontro$rs, or

opposition* or contst"lots whr th $al+ ofwhich "os not /c"On h+n"r" tho+san"psos 8P1==*===%==9*s+ch $al+ to bascrtain" b, thaffi"a$it of th clai!antor b, a#r!nt of thrspcti$ clai!ants ifthr ar !or than

on* or fro! thcorrspon"in# ta/"claration of th ralproprt,% Thir "cisionsin ths cass shall bappalabl in th sa!!annr as "cisions ofth R#ional TrialCo+rts%

Not6 Th+s* "cisions of th

Mtropolitan Trial Co+rt /rcisin#"l#at" '+ris"iction wo+l" bappalabl to th Co+rt of Appals*with th appllant filin# a notic ofappal%

3% Shariah&o*rts

Strictl, spa&in#* ShariKa DistrictCo+rts "o not for! part of thint#rat" '+"icial s,st! of thPhilippins% Sction ; of th -+"iciar,

Ror#aniation Acts of 123= 8(%P%(l#% 1;29 n+!rats th co+rtsco$r" b, th Act* co!prisin# thint#rat" '+"icial s,st!% ShariKaCo+rts ar not incl+"" in thn+!ration notwithstan"in# that*whn sai" (%P% (l#% 1;2 too& ffcton A+#+st 1?* 1231* P%D% No% 1=3%R% No% 1@0=;0* A+#+st


57/200

"srts its propr officas an ai" to '+stic an"bco!s its #rathin"ranc an" chifn!,* "sr$s scant

consi"ration fro!co+rts% Thr sho+l" bno $st" ri#hts intchnicalitis% No liti#antsho+l" b pr!itt" tochalln# a rcor" of aco+rt of ths Islan"s for"fct of for! whn hiss+bstantial ri#hts ha$not bn pr'+"ic"thrb,% 8Alonso $%

)illa!or* 1@ Phil% %R% No% 14021?* Fbr+ar, 1=* ;==2 A ral action in"isp+tabl, in$ol$sral proprt,% Th "oc&t fs for aral action wo+l" still b "tr!in"in accor"anc with th $al+ of th

ral proprt, in$ol$" thrinG thonl, "iffrnc is in what constit+tsth accptabl $al+% In co!p+tin#th "oc&t fs for cass in$ol$in#ral proprtis* th co+rts* insta"of rl,in# on th assss" orsti!at" $al+* wo+l" now b+sin# th fair !ar&t $al+ of thral proprtis 8as stat" in th Ta/Dclaration or th Qonal )al+ation ofth (+ra+ of Intrnal R$n+*

which$r is hi#hr9 or* in thabsnc throf* th stat" $al+ ofth sa!%

Montaner v. +hariKa istrict ourt*>%R% No% 14?240* -an+ar, ;=* ;==2 Filin# th appropriat initiator,pla"in# an" th pa,!nt of th

prscrib" "oc&t fs $st a trialco+rt with '+ris"iction o$r ths+b'ct !attr% If th part, filin# thcas pai" lss than th corrcta!o+nt for th "oc&t fs bca+s

that was th a!o+nt assss" b,th clr& of co+rt* th rsponsibilit,of !a&in# a "ficinc, assss!ntlis with th sa! clr& of co+rt% Ins+ch a cas* th lowr co+rtconcrn" will not a+to!aticall,los '+ris"iction bca+s of a part,srlianc on th clr& of co+rtsins+fficint assss!nt of th"oc&t fs% ow$r* th part,concrn" will b r.+ir" to pa,

th "ficinc,%

Proton Pili(inas v. Ban'ue acionalde Paris* >%R% No% 101;?;* -+n 10*;==0 In this cas* (NP fil" onSpt!br 4* 1223 bfor thMa&ati R#ional Trial Co+rt 8RTC9 aco!plaint a#ainst Proton pra,in#that th, b or"r" to pa, 819US1*0??*23?%?= pl+s accr+"intrst an" othr rlat" char#s

thron s+bs.+nt to A+#+st 10*1223 +ntil f+ll, pai" an" 8;9 ana!o+nt .+i$alnt to 0 of all s+!s"+ fro! ptitionrs as attorn,Ksfs% It was assss" b, th Ma&atiRTC Clr& of Co+rt th a!o+nt ofPhp


58/200

th rat of /chan# which sai"co+rt f+nctionar, was "+t, bo+n" tofollow* h is prs+!pti$l, corrct inappl,in# US 1 V P?< bca+s ofth prs+!ption of r#+larit, of th

clr& of co+rtKs application of th/chan# rat* this how$r is"isp+tabl% As s+ch* thprs+!ption !a, b o$rt+rn" b,th r.+isit rb+ttin# $i"nc% Inth cas at bar* Proton ha$a".+atl, pro$n with"oc+!ntar, $i"nc that th/chan# rat whn th co!plaintwas fil" on Spt!br 4* 1223 wasUS 1 V P?oo" Shphr" Fo+n"ation* Inc%is wor&in# for in"i#nt an"+n"rpri$il#" popl is of no!o!nt% Clarl,* th Constit+tionhas /plicitl, pr!is" th fr

58


59/200

accss cla+s on a prsons po$rt,*a con"ition that onl, a nat+ralprson can s+ffr%

Un"r Sc% 0* R+l 1* a ci$il action is

co!!nc" b, th filin# of thori#inal co!plaint in co+rt%

Can ,o+ fil a co!plaint or ptitionb, r#istr" !ailJ S(C Nots wrot5An action can b co!!nc" b,filin# th co!plaint b, r#istr"!ail% In which cas* it is th "at of!ailin# that is consi"r" as th"at of filin# an" not th "at of thrcipt throf b, th clr& of

co+rt% Consi"r also Sc% < of R+l1


60/200

8b9 fo+n"" on pri$it, ofral stat

8c9 fil" in th co+rtwhr th proprt, or an, part

throf is sit+at"

8"9 /a!pl6 accionreinvindicatoria

prsonal action6 8a9 prsonalproprt, is so+#ht to b rco$r"or

whr "a!a#sfor brach of contract ar so+#ht

8b9 fo+n"" onpri$it, of contract

8c9 fil" in th co+rtwhr th plaintiff or an, of th

"fn"ants rsi"at th option of th plaintiff

8"9 /a!pl6 actionfor a s+! of !on,

/ar ast Ban* and rust o. v.+(ouses Pla2a, >%R% No% 10??32* -+l,;0* ;==< An action to co!pl th!ort#a# to accpt pa,!nt an"

for th cons.+nt cancllation of aral stat !ort#a# is a prsonalaction if th !ort#a# has notforclos" th !ort#a# an" th!ort#a#or is in possssion of thpr!iss sinc nithr th!ort#a#ors titl to nor possssionof th proprt, is in .+stion% 8sCaran"an# $% Co+rt of Appals* 10April 1233* 1@= SCRA ;@@9 Contrar,to ptitionrs contntion*

rspon"nts "o not .+stion th$ali"it, of th ral stat !ort#a#th, ntr" into% In fact th,+phol" its $ali"it, sinc th, arwillin# to pa, thir obli#ation +n"rth contract aftr which th contractsho+l" thn b "clar" witho+tl#al ffct% Also* thr is as ,t no

transfr of titl fro! rspon"nts toptitionrs% Rspon"nts !aintainthat th titl r!ains in thir na!an" th, ar still in act+al ph,sicalpossssion of th proprt,% Thr is

no forclos+r ,t of th !ort#a#%nc* thr is no titl to th lan" tob affct" b, th action%

!i/" action6 8a9 both ral an"prsonal proprtis ar in$ol$"

8b9 fo+n"" on pri$it,of ral stat an" contract

8c9 th r+ls on $n+of ral actions shall #o$rn

8"9 /a!pl6 accion

reinvindicatoriawith a clai! for"a!a#s

@% Local an"transitor, actions

local action !+st b bro+#ht in apartic+lar plac whr th s+b'ctproprt, or a portion throf islocat" +nlss thr is ana#r!nt to th contrar, 8Sc% ?*

R+l ?9% E/a!pl6 action to rco$rral proprt,

transitor, action is "pn"nt onth plac whr th part, rsi"sr#ar"lss of whr th s+b'ctca+s of action aros 8Sc% ?* R+l?9% E/a!pl6 action to rco$r s+!of !on,

4% Actions in r!*

in prsona! an".+asi in r!

Actions in re96 8a9 "irct" a#ainstth thin# itslf 8b9 '+ris"iction o$rth prson of th "fn"ant is not

r.+ir"

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61/200

8c9 a proc"in# to"tr!in th stat or con"ition of

a thin# 8"9 '+"#!nt is

bin"in# on th whol worl"

89 /a!pl6 probatproc"in#

Actions in (ersona96 8a9 "irct"a#ainst th partic+lar prson

8b9 '+ris"ictiono$r th prson of th "fn"ant

is r.+ir" 8c9 an action to

i!pos a rsponsibilit, orliabilit, +pon

a prson "irctl, 8"9 '+"#!nt is

bin"in# onl, +pon th partisi!pla"" or

thir s+ccssors in intrst 89 /a!pl6

action for spcific prfor!anc

Actions 'uasi in re96 8a9 "irct"a#ainst partic+lar prsons

8b9 '+ris"iction

o$r th prson of th "fn"antis not

r.+ir" as lon# as '+ris"iction o$rth resis

ac.+ir" 8c9 a

proc"in# to s+b'ct th intrst ofa

na!""fn"ant o$r a partic+lar proprt,

to an

obli#ation or lin b+r"nin# it 8"9 '+"#!nt is

bin"in# +pon partic+lar prsons 89 /a!pl6

action for partition

Actions for "a!a#s bas" on .+asi:"licts ar pri!aril, an" ffcti$l,

actions for th rco$r, of a s+! of!on, for th "a!a#s s+ffr"bca+s of th "fn"ants all#"tortio+s act% Th "a!a#s clai!"in s+ch actions rprsnt th

!ontar, .+i$alnt of th in'+r,ca+s" to th plaintiff b, th"fn"ant* which ar th+s so+#ht tob rco$r" b, th plaintiff% This!on, clai! is th principl so+#ht*an" is not !rl, inci"ntal thrtoor a cons.+nc throf% 8Ini#o $%-+"# P+r#anan* >%R% No% 1@@34@*March ;?* ;==@9

If it is capabl of pc+niar,

sti!ation* '+ris"iction will "pn"on th $al+ of th "!an"/cl+si$ of intrsts* "a!a#s ofwhat$r &in"* attorn,s fs*liti#ation /pnss an" costs* or$al+ of th proprt, in contro$rs,that will "tr!in th '+ris"iction ofth co+rt% Th othr for! of"a!a#s $n if not ssntial forp+rposs of '+ris"iction !+sthow$r b spcifi" in th filin#

fs%

Ulti!at Ob'cti$ Tst If th rlif"!an"" is on which !a, not b#rant" +n"r th law* it "os notcharactri or "tr!in thnat+r of th action% Th rlif towhich th plaintiff is ntitl" bas"on th facts all#" b, hi! in hisco!plaint altho+#h it is not thrlif "!an"" is what "tr!ins

th nat+r of th action% Th+s* apra,r for ann+l!nt or rscission ofth sal "os not oprat to ffctth f+n"a!ntal an" pri!ob'cti$ an" nat+r of th action*which is to rco$r ral proprt, an"is th+s a ral action% Th ann+l!ntof th sal is onl, scon"ar,%

61


62/200

Inci"ntal Tst If it is pri!aril, forrco$r, of a s+! of !on,* it iscapabl of pc+niar, sti!ation%Whr th basic iss+ is so!thin#

othr than th ri#ht to rco$r as+! of !on, or is p+rl, inci"ntalto or as a cons.+nc of thprincipl rlif so+#ht li& spcificprfor!anc* action for s+pport orfor ann+l!nt of contract* it is notcapabl of pc+niar, sti!ation%

Mr Cons.+nc Tst An actionto co!pl "fn"ant to accpt th#oo"s an" pa, "a!a#s* rscission

of contract an" ri!b+rs!nt ofcontract pric* an" action forspcific prfor!anc of stip+lationin a las contract s+ch as to!aintain th lss in pacf+lpossssion of th pr!iss wrhl" to b incapabl of pc+niar,sti!ation as th a!o+nts to bcollct" ar b+t a cons.+nc ofspcific prfor!anc which fall+n"r th '+ris"iction of th RTC

r#ar"lss of a!o+nt so+#ht to brco$r"%

Consi"r th cas of Lu v. Lu H9 +r.*>%R% No% 10


63/200

r.+ir"% 8Mi'ars $% Rana"a* >%R%No% 1


64/200

Whr thr is a "fct or anins+fficinc, in th stat!nt of thca+s of action* a co!plaint !a, b"is!iss" not bca+s of anabsnc or a lac& of ca+s of action

b+t bca+s th co!plaint 5statsno ca+s of action% 8Sc% 1 #* R+l1@9 Th "is!issal will thrfor banchor" on a fail+r to stat aca+s of action%

This "os not !an that th plaintiffhas no ca+s of action% It onl,!ans that th plaintiffs all#ationsar ins+fficint for th co+rt to &nowthat th ri#hts of th plaintiff wr

$iolat" b, th "fn"ant%

?% Tst of ths+fficinc, of aca+s of action

Th tst of th s+fficinc, of thfacts all#" in th co!plaint asconstit+tin# a ca+s of action iswhthr or not a"!ittin# th factsall#"* th co+rt co+l" rn"r a

$ali" $r"ict in accor"anc with thpra,r of th co!plaint%

0% Splittin# asin#l ca+s ofaction an" itsffcts

Splittin# of a sin#l ca+s of action th filin# of on or a '+"#!nt +ponth !rits in an, on is a$ailabl as

a #ro+n" for th "is!issal of thothrs

Filin# of on R+l 1@* Sction1 89 that thr is anothraction pn"in# btwn thsa! partis for th sa!ca+s

-+"#!nt +pon th !rits R+l 1@* Sction 1 8f9 thatth ca+s of action is barr"b, a prior '+"#!nt7

A part, cannot split a sin#l ca+s ofaction into parts an" s+ on achpart sparatl,%

R+ls in actions /:"licto6

A sin#l tort #i$s ris b+t toon ca+s of action no !attrhow !an, it!s of "a!a#s!a, ha$ bn ca+s" to onprson

Whn b, a sin#l "lict orwron#* s$ral ri#hts ar$iolat" blon#in# to "iffrntprsons* s$ral ca+ss arison bhalf of s+ch prsons

Whr a prson is #+ilt, oftwo c+lpabl trans#rssions onth proprt, ri#hts of anothr*s+ch as th r+ination of tha#ric+lt+ral frtilit, or +tilit, ofth soil of th proprt, an" forth +na+thori" +s of sai"proprt, as a "+!psit or"pot* h !a, b hl" liablto pa, "a!a#s for both thrasonabl $al+ of th +s ofth lan" an" th occ+pation ofth pr!iss

Whn thr ar sparattort+o+s acts rs+ltin# in"iffrnt in'+ris* sparat

ca+ss of action aris an"s$ral actions !a, b!aintain"

(+t if onl, on in'+r, rs+lt"fro! s$ral wron#f+l acts forbrach of contract of carria#an" for .+asi:"lict* onl, onca+s of action ariss $n if

64


65/200

th n#li#nt act wasco!!itt" b, s$ral prsons%Do+bl rco$r, for th sa!act or o!ission is prohibit"%

@9ale v. ano5a Par* evelo(9entor(.* >%R% No% 1@4;?@* -+l, ;=*;=11* @0? SCRA 100 Th first'ct!nt cas was fil" bfor thlas contract /pir"% All#"l,*th lss $iolat" th contract*which pro$i"" that h !a, not+tili th s+b'ct pr!iss for othrp+rposs witho+t th lssors priorwrittn consnt% Th lss how$rconstr+ct" rsta+rant b+il"in#s an"

othr co!!rcial stablish!nts onth lot wihto+t first sc+rin# thr.+ir" writtn consnt fro! thlssor an" th ncssar, pr!itsfro! th association% Th MTC"ci"" th cas in fa$or of thlssor% ow$r on appal th caswas r$rs" th "cision on th#ro+n" that it was bin#pr!at+rl, fil"% Th lssor thnwnt to th CA on ptition for

r$iw%

Whil th ptition for r$iw waspn"in#* th lssor fil" th scon"'ct!nt s+it on th #ro+n" of/piration of th las contract*which th MTC #rant"% ow$r* onappal* th RTC r$rs" th"cision on th #ro+n" of litis(endentia% On ptition for r$iw*th CA rinstat" th MTC "cision

hol"in# that thr was no litis(endentia bca+s th two ci$ilcass ha$ "iffrnt ca+ss ofaction%

Accor"in# to th SC* #nrall,* as+it !a, onl, b instit+t" for asin#l ca+s of action% If two or !or

s+its ar instit+t" on th basis ofth sa! ca+s of action* th filin#of on or a '+"#!nt on th !ritsin an, on is a #ro+n" for th"is!issal of th othrs%

S$ral tsts /ist to ascrtainwhthr two s+its rlat to a sin#lor co!!on ca+s of action to wit68a9 whthr th sa! $i"ncwo+l" s+pport an" s+stain both thfirst an" scon" ca+ss of action8also &nown as th 5sa! $i"nctst9G 8b9 whthr th "fnss inon cas !a, b +s" tos+bstantitat th co!plaint in th

othrG an"* 8c9 whthr th cas+ ofaction in th scon" cas /ist" atth ti! of th filin# of th firstco!plaint% Of th


66/200

contract* non:pa,!nt of rnt* or/piration of th las contract% Itwo+l" appar that th SC hassanction" th filin# of s+ccssi$co!plaints for +nlawf+l "tainr for

as lon# as th #ro+n" thrfor is"iffrnt% Consi"r th followin#probl!6 Th lss $iolat" thstip+lations of th las contract b+tcontin+" to pa, th rnt% Th lssorthn fil" a co!plaint for +nlawf+l,"tainr on this #ro+n"% Whil thcas is pn"in#* th lss fail" topa, th rnt% Can th lssor filanothr co!plaint for +nlawf+l"tainr on this #ro+n"J

S+bs.+ntl,* th las contract/pir"% Can th lssor fil a thir"co!plaint for +nlawf+l "tainr onthis #ro+n" $n if th first an"scon" co!plaints ar still pn"in#J

@% -oin"r an"!is'oin"r ofca+ss of action

-oin"r of ca+ss of action a part,

!a, in on pla"in# assrt in thaltrnati$ or othrwis as !an,ca+ss of action as h !a, ha$a#ainst an opposin# part, s+b'ct toth followin# con"itions6

a% th part 'oinin# th ca+ss ofaction shall co!pl, with thr+ls on 'oin"r of partis

b% th 'oin"r shall not incl+"spcial ci$il actions or actions

#o$rn" b, spcial r+lsc% whr th ca+ss of action ar

btwn th sa! partis b+tprtain to "iffrnt $n+s or'+ris"ictions* th 'oin"r !a,b allow" in th RTCpro$i"" on of th ca+ss ofaction falls within th

'+ris"iction of sai" co+rt an"th $n+ lis thrinG an"

"% whr th clai!s in all thca+ss of action ar principall,for rco$r, of !on,* th

a##r#at a!o+nt clai!"shall b th tst of '+ris"iction

Not6 Th absnc of +nit, ofprobl!s is no lon#r a bar to'oin"r of ca+ss of action% Thprsnt r+l r!o$" th rstrictionof $n+* '+ris"iction* an" ca+ss ofaction arisin# fro! !on,* th sa!nat+r or charactr or si!ilartransactions% Th onl, #ro+n"s to

rf+s 'oin"r of ca+ss of actionar6 819 th r+ls on 'oin"r ofpartis which r.+irs that 8a9 thclai!s aris fro! th sa! or srisof transactions* an" 8b9 thr is aco!!on .+stion of law or factG 8;9it !+st not b co#niabl b,"iffrnt trib+nalsG an"* 8


67/200

li&wis ows C P7or9a (arty

avarro v. sco)ido* No$!br ;4*;==2 :: Un"r Articl 1=3 of thFa!il, Co"* th con'+#alpartnrship is #o$rn" b, th r+ls

on contract of partnrshipG bin# aco:ownr th wif can fil thco!plaint for rco$r, of proprt,witho+t incl+"in# th h+sban"G thh+sban" is not an in"ispnsablpart, an" h onl, n"s to bi!pla"" as a pro:for!a part, toth s+it bas" on Sction ? of R+l


68/200

of partis !+st b ra" in rlation toSction 4% Whn an in"ispnsablpart, is not bfor th co+rt* thaction sho+l" b "is!iss"8Arclona $% CA* ;3= SCRA ;=9

arandan5 v. e u29an*No$!br ;2* ;==@ Th wif inthis cas was not an in"ispnsablpart, in th action for rco$r, of!on,G as s+ch* sh n" not bi!pla"" in th s+it%

Personality to sue

Within th fra!wor& of th

Constit+tion* th Estat sho+l" bconsi"r" an artificial or '+ri"icalprson for th p+rposs of thsttl!nt an" "istrib+tion of hisstat which incl+" th /rcis"+rin# th '+"icial a"!inistrationthrof th /rcis of thos ri#htsan" f+lfil!nt of thos obli#ations ofhis Estat which s+r$i$s aftr his"ath% 8Li!'oco $% Intstat ofFra#ant* >%R% No% L:44=* April ;4*

12?39

Sinc an stat is a '+ri"ical prson*th a"!inistrator !a, fil thco!plaint "irctl, to co+rt* witho+tth sa! #oin# to th (aran#a,L+pon for arbitration% 8)"a% "(orro!o $% Po#o,* 1;@ SCRA ;149

=ndis(ensa)le (arty

Th #nral r+l with rfrnc toth !a&in# of partis in a ci$il actionr.+irs* of co+rs* th 'oin"r of allncssar, partis whr possibl*an" th 'oin"r of all in"ispnsablpartis +n"r an, an" all con"itions*thir prsnc bin# a sine 'ua nonfor th /rcis of '+"icial powr% It

is prcisl, whn an in"ispnsablpart, is not bfor th co+rt 8that9th action sho+l" b "is!iss"% Thabsnc of an in"ispnsabl part,rn"rs all s+bs.+nt actions of

th co+rt n+ll an" $oi" for want ofa+thorit, to act* not onl, as to thabsnt partis b+t $n as to thosprsnt% 8Arclona $% Co+rt ofAppals*


69/200

consi"rin# that th absnc of ons+ch part, rn"rs all s+bs.+ntactions of th co+rt n+ll an" $oi" forwant of a+thorit, to act* not onl, asto th absnt partis b+t $n as to

thos prsnt% On who is a part, toa cas is not bo+n" b, an, "cisionof th co+rt* othrwis* h will b"pri$" of his ri#ht to "+ procss%Witho+t th prsnc of all th othrhirs as plaintiffs* th trial co+rtco+l" not $ali"l, rn"r '+"#!ntan" #rant rlif in fa$or of thpri$at rspon"nt% Th fail+r ofth pri$at rspon"nt to i!pla"th othr hirs as partis:plaintiffs

constit+t" a l#al obstacl to thtrial co+rt an" th appllat co+rts/rcis of '+"icial powr o$r thsai" cas* an" rn"r" an, or"rsor '+"#!nts rn"r" thrin an+llit,% To ritrat* th absnc ofan in"ispnsabl part, rn"rs alls+bs.+nt actions of th co+rt n+llan" $oi" for want of a+thorit, to act*not onl, as to th absnt partis b+t$n as to thos prsnt% nc* th

trial co+rt sho+l" ha$ or"r" th"is!issal of th co!plaint%

Si!ilarl,* in Moldes v. illanueva*?@3 SCRA @24 8A+#+st


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)Es co!!nt6 Followin# thsprono+nc!nts* can ,o+ now !o$to "is!iss a co!plaint bca+s notall in"ispnsabl part, has bni!pla""J No% Un"r Sc% 11* R+l


71/200

to a"'+"icat th whol contro$rs,an" a$oi" !+ltiplicit, of s+its%

In"ispnsabl partis ar thos withs+ch an intrst in th contro$rs,

that a final "cr wo+l" ncssaril,affct thir ri#hts* so that th co+rtscannot proc" witho+t thirprsnc% Ncssar, partis arthos whos prsnc is ncssar,to a"'+"icat th whol contro$rs,*b+t whos intrsts ar so farsparabl that a final "cr can b!a" in thir absnc witho+taffctin# th!%

In th prsnt cas* thr ar nori#hts of "fn"ants An"rs an"(in$ni"o to b saf#+ar"" if thsal sho+l" b hl" to b in fact anabsol+t sal or if th sal is hl" tob an .+itabl !ort#a#%Dfn"ant Marcos bca! thabsol+t ownr of th s+b'ctproprt, b, $irt+ of th sal to hi!of th shars of th afor!ntion""fn"ants in th proprt,% Sai"

"fn"ants no lon#r ha$ an,intrst in th s+b'ct proprt,%ow$r* bin# partis to thinstr+!nt so+#ht to b rfor!"*thir prsnc is ncssar, in or"rto sttl all th possibl iss+s of tilcontro$rs,% Whthr th "isp+t"sal b "clar" an absol+t sal oran .+itabl !ort#a#* th ri#hts ofall th "fn"ants will ha$ bna!pl, protct"% Spo+ss L+a! in

an, $nt !a, nforc thir ri#htsa#ainst "fn"ant Marcos%

In fact Crisanta was not aftr"fn"ants An"rs an" Man#+bat asshown b, thir non:incl+sion in thco!plaint an" thir opposition toth !otion to incl+" sai"

"fn"ants in th co!plaint asin"ispnsabl partis% It was onl,bca+s of th or"r of th co+rt a.+o that th, incl+"" th sai""fn"ants in th co!plaint% Th

lowr co+rt rrono+sl, hl" thatth sai" "fn"ants arin"ispnsabl partis%

This notwithstan"in#* "fn"antsAn"rs an" (in$ni"o not bin#in"ispnsabl partis b+t onl,propr partis* thir 'oin"r aspartis "fn"ants was corrctl,or"r" bin# in accor"anc withSc% 3 of R+l


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Sction 1% ests7or deter9inin5 ho9ay )e clients o7 theLA and the le5al aido77ices in local =BP

cha(ters% Th NCLA orth chaptr l#al ai"co!!itt* as th cas!a, b* shall pass +ponr.+sts for l#al ai" b,th co!bin"application of th !ansan" !rit tsts an" thconsi"ration of othrrl$ant factorspro$i"" for in th

followin# sctions%

Sction ;% Meanstest; eIce(tion% 8a9This tst shall b bas"on th followin# critria68i9 th applicant an" thatof his i!!"iat fa!il,!+st ha$ a #ross!onthl, inco! that"os not /c" an

a!o+nt "o+bl th!onthl, !ini!+! wa#of an !plo, in thplac whr thapplicant rsi"s an" 8ii9h "os not own ralproprt, with a fair!ar&t $al+ as stat"in th c+rrnt ta/"claration of !or thanThr +n"r"

Tho+san" 8P


73/200

aftr consi"ration ofth law an" $i"ncprsnt" b, thapplicant* it apparsthat it is intn""

!rl, to harass orin'+r th opposit part,or to wor& opprssion orwron#%

Sction ?% Ctherrelevant 7actors that9ay )e considered% Th ffct of l#al ai" orof th fail+r to rn"rth sa! +pon th r+l

of law* th propra"!inistration of '+stic*th p+blic intrstin$ol$" in a #i$n casan" th practic of lawin th localit, shallli&wis b consi"r"%

Whn an application to liti#at as anin"i#nt liti#ant is fil"* th co+rtshall scr+tini th affi"a$its an"

s+pportin# "oc+!nts s+b!itt" b,th applicant to "tr!in if thapplicant co!plis with th inco!an" proprt, stan"ar"s prscrib"in th prsnt Sction 12 of R+l1?1that is* th applicantKs #rossinco! an" that of th applicantKsi!!"iat fa!il, "o not /c" ana!o+nt "o+bl th !onthl,!ini!+! wa# of an !plo,G an"th applicant "os not own ral

proprt, with a fair !ar&t $al+ of!or than Thr +n"r" Tho+san"Psos 8PhpU of Cit, of Na#a* Octobr


74/200

'oin"r of partis r.+irs that6 8a9th ri#ht to rlif ariss o+t of thsa! transaction or sris oftransactionsG 8b9 thr is a .+stionof law or fact co!!on to all th

plaintiffs or "fn"antsG an" 8c9 s+ch'oin"r is not othrwis proscrib"b, th pro$isions of th R+ls on'+ris"iction an" $n+% In this cas*th ins+r" an" th ins+rancco!pan, fil" th co!plaint a#ainstPantranco North% Th clai! of thins+r" was for th balanc of thcost of th rpair whil thins+ranc co!pan,s clai! was forth a!o+nt it pai" to th ass+r" as

th s+bro#% Th+s* thr is a sin#ltransaction co!!on to all* that is*Pantrancos b+s hittin# th rar si"of th 'pn,% Thr is also aco!!on .+stion of fact* that is*whthr ptitionrs ar n#li#nt%Thr bin# a sin#l transactionco!!on to both rspon"nts*cons.+ntl,* th, ha$ th sa!ca+s of action a#ainst ptitionrs%To "tr!in i"ntit, of ca+s of

action* it !+st b ascrtain"whthr th sa! $i"nc which isncssar, to s+stain th scon"ca+s of action wo+l" ha$ bns+fficint to a+thori a rco$r, inth first% r* ha" rspon"nts fil"sparat s+its a#ainst ptitionrs*th sa! $i"nc wo+l" ha$ bnprsnt" to s+stain th sa! ca+sof action% Th+s* th filin# b, bothrspon"nts of th co!plaint with

th co+rt blow is in or"r% S+ch'oin"r of partis a$oi"s !+ltiplicit,of s+it an" ns+rs th con$nint*sp", an" or"rl, a"!inistration of'+stic%


75/200

to i!pla" an in"ispnsabl part, toth cas%

What abo+t A%M% No% =;:11:1=:SCJAccor"in# to th SC* altho+#h A%M%

No% =;:11:1=:SC pro$i"s that onl,th h+sban" or wif !a, fil aptition for th "claration ofabsol+t n+llit, of $oi" !arria#s*this li!itation "!arcats a lin to"istin#+ish btwn !arria#sco$r" b, th Fa!il, Co" an"thos sol!ni" +n"r th r#i!of th Ci$il Co"% In Carlos $%San"o$al 804? SCRA 11@9* thfollowin# ar /cpt" fro! th

li!itation6 8a9 thos co!!nc"bfor March 10* ;==


76/200

cont!plat" in a class s+it is that8a9 th s+b'ct !attr in contro$rs,is of co!!on or #nral intrst to!an, prsons* an" 8b9 thosprsons ar so n+!ro+s as to !a&

it i!practical to brin# th! allbfor th co+rt to 'oin th! all aspartis% On th othr han"* if thrar !an, prsons who ha$ "istinct*sparat ri#hts a#ainst th sa!part, or #ro+p partis* b+t thosri#hts aris fro! th sa!transaction or sris of transactionsan" thr ar co!!on .+stions offact or law rs+ltin# thrfro! thfor!r !a, 'oin as plaintiffs in on

action a#ainst th sa! "fn"ants%

Th last sntnc of R+l


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'+"#!nt shall st o+tthir in"i$i"+al or proprna!s* if &nown% 8@a9

@% Effct of "ath

of part, liti#ant

Borlon5an v. Buenaventura8Fbr+ar, ;4* ;==@9 Un"rSctions 1* ; an" < of R+l ?0 of thR+ls of Co+rt* th prfction of anappal b, wa, of a ptition forr$iw bfor th SC is con"ition"+pon th followin# r.+isits6 819pa,!nt of th r.+ir" "oc&t an"othr lawf+l fsG an" 8;9 th filin#

of th $rifi" ptition within 10"a,s fro! rcipt of th assail""cision or within th /tn""prio" #rant" b, th Co+rt% In thiscas* (orlon#an pai" th "oc&t an"othr fs% ow$r* h fail" tosatisf, th scon" r.+isit bca+sh "i" on April 11* ;==0 bfor hco+l" fil th ptition% Th ptitionfil" an" $rifi" b, (orlon#ansco+nsl is a !r scrap of papr

bca+s h no lon#r has tha+thorit, to rprsnt his "cas"clint% Th sttl" r+l is thatattorn,:clint rlationship istr!inat" +pon th clints "ath%A "a" clint has no prsonalit, an"cannot b rprsnt" b, anattorn,%

D% )n+

Not th r+l on $n+ on actions#o$rn" b, spcial r+ls%

R+l on Dclaration of Absol+tN+llit, of )oi" Marria#s an"Ann+l!nt of $oi"abl !arria#s8A%M% No% =;:11:1=:SC9* Sc% ?throf stats that $n+ is whr

ptitionr or th rspon"nt hasbn rsi"in# for at last @ !onthsprior to th "at of th filin#* or inth cas of non:rsi"nt rspon"nt*whr h !a, b fo+n" in th

Philippins* at th lction of thptitionr%

R+l on L#al Sparation 8A%M% No%=;:11:11:SC9* Sc% ; 8c9 throfpro$i"s for a si!ilar r+l on $n+%

R+l on A"option of Minors 8A%M% No%=;:@:=;:SC9* Sc% @ throf* $n+ iswhr th prospcti$ a"opti$parnts rsi"%

1% )n+ $rs+s-+ris"iction

a9 )n+ is th plac whr th casis to b har" or tri"G '+ris"iction isth a+thorit, to har an" "tr!ina cas

b9 )n+ is a !attr of proc"+rallawG '+ris"iction is s+bstanti$

c9 )n+ stablish" a rlationbtwn plaintiff an" "fn"ant* orptitionr an" rspon"ntG'+ris"iction stablishs a rlationbtwn th co+rt an" th s+b'ct!attr

"9 )n+ !a, b confrr" b, thact or a#r!nt of th partisG'+ris"iction is fi/" b, law an"

cannot b confrr" b, a#r!ntof th partis

9 )n+ is not a #ro+n" for a 9otu(ro(rio "is!issal 8/cpt in casss+b'ct to s+!!ar, proc"+rG Sc%?* R+l on S+!!ar, Proc"+r9Glac& of '+ris"iction o$r th s+b'ct

77


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!attr is a #ro+n" for a 9otu(ro(rio"is!issal

;% )n+ of ralactions

eneral Millin5 or(. v. @yten5su*?2? SCRA ;?1 Th co!plaintso+#ht th "li$r, of OCTs%Accor"in# to th SC* th cas is nota ral action r.+irin# th all#ationof th assss" $al+ of thproprt, b+t on which wasincapabl of pc+niar, sti!ation%Th co!plaint bas" its ca+s ofaction on ptitionrs rf+sal to

s+rrn"r th OCTs% As pri!ar,rlif* th co!plaint so+#ht th"li$r, b, ptitionr of th sai"OCTs% Clarl,* th s+b'ct !attr ofth cas at bar was not a real actionre'uirin5 an alle5ation o7 theassessed value o7 the (ro(erty b+ton which was incapabl ofpc+niar, sti!ation% nc* it waswithin th '+ris"iction of th RTC%An, othr cons.+nc of th

pri!ar, rlif so+#ht in thco!plaint co+l" not proprl, b abasis for i!p+#nin# th '+ris"ictionof th trial co+rt%


79/200

R+l ?* Sc% ?6 When Rulenot applicable. -- Thisule shall not apply!

8a9 In thos cass whra spcific r+l or lawpro$i"s othrwisG or

8b9 Whr th partisha$ $ali"l, a#r" inwritin# bfor th filin#of th action on th/cl+si$ $n+ throf%

Consi"r th cas of illanueva v.

&ud5e Mos'ueda, >%R% No% L:03;34*A+#+st 12* 123;* whr ths+ppl!ntar, las a#r!nt ofbtwn th lssor an" lsspro$i"" that if th lssor $iolatsth contract* h can b s+" inManila an" if th lss $iolats thcontract* h can b s+" inMasantol* Pa!pan#a% (onifaciorsi"" at Masantol% )illan+$arsi"" in Ton"o whil th las"

pr!iss was locat" in Manila% Thlssor thn fil" an 'ct!nt s+it inMasantol* Pa!pan#a% Th lss!o$" to "is!iss th co!plaint fori!propr $n+% Th M+nicipal TrialCo+rt "ni" th !otion* Th lssfil" a ptition for crtiorari with ththn CFI of Pa!pan#a b+t it"is!iss" th ptition% Th+s* thlss wnt to th SC on crtiorari%

Th SC hl" that th M+nicipal TrialCo+rt of Masantol* Pa!pan#a li&an, othr infrior co+rts has/cl+si$ ori#inal '+ris"iction tontrtain 'ct!nt s+its% It/plain" that Sc% 1 of R+l ?pro$i"in# that 5Forcibl ntr, an""tainr actions shall b

co!!nc" an" tri" in thM+nicipal Trial Co+rt of thM+nicipalit, or cit, whrin th ralproprt, in$ol$"* or a portionthrof is sit+at" "os not rfr to

th '+ris"iction o$r th s+b'ct!attr b+t onl, to th plac whrth 'ct!nt s+it !a, b bro+#ht%Sc% ?* R+l ? f+rthr pro$i"s thatth r+l on $n+ shall not appl,whr th partis ha$ $ali"l,a#r" in writin# bfor th filin# ofth action on th /cl+si$ $n+throf%

@% Effcts of

Stip+lations on)n+

In @ni9asters on5lo9eration =nc.v. A, >%R% No% 112@04* Fbr+ar, 4*1224* th a#r!nt ra" asfollows6 5All s+its arisin# o+t of thisA#r!nt shall b fil" withHin thpropr Co+rts of +on Cit,% Thco!plaint for "a!a#s was how$rfil" in Tacloban Cit, whr

Uni!astrs hol"s offic% Is $n+proprl, lai"J

Accor"in# to th SC* +nlss thpartis !a& $r, clar* b,!plo,in# cat#orical an" s+itabl,li!itin# lan#+a#* that th, wish th$n+ of actions btwn th! tob lai" onl, an" /cl+si$l, at a"finit plac* an" to "isr#ar" thprscriptions of R+l ?* a#r!nts

on $n+ ar not to b r#ar"" as!an"ator, or rstricti$* b+t !rl,pr!issi$* or co!pl!ntar, ofsai" r+l% Th fact that in thira#r!nt th partis spcif, onl,on of th $n+s !ntion" in R+l?* or fi/ a plac for thir actions"iffrnt fro! thos spcifi" b,

79


80/200

sai" r+l* "os not* witho+t !or*s+ffic to charactri tha#r!nt as a rstricti$ on%Thr !+st* to rpat* bacco!pan,in# lan#+a# clarl, an"

cat#oricall, /prssin# thirp+rpos an" "si#n that actionsbtwn th! b liti#at" onl, atth plac na!" b, th!*r#ar"lss of th #nral prcpts ofR+l ?G an" an, "o+bt or +ncrtaint,as to th partisK intntions !+st brsol$" a#ainst #i$in# thira#r!nt a rstricti$ or!an"ator, aspct% An, othr r+lwo+l" pr!it of in"i$i"+al*

s+b'cti$ '+"icial intrprtationswitho+t stabl stan"ar"s* whichco+l" wll rs+lt in prc"nts inhoplss inconsistnc,%

In his sparat opinion* -+sticR#ala"o* s+##st" what htr!" as 5so! para!tric.+alifications in a#r!nts"!an"in# litral co!plianc b, thpartis6

Th r+l is that if thpartis to a contract!rl, a#r on th$n+ of an, casarisin# thrfro!* ina""ition to or asi" fro!th l#al $n+ pro$i""thrfor b, th R+ls ofCo+rt or th law* thatstip+lation is !rl,

pr!issi$ an" thpartis !a, choos toobsr$ th sa! orinsist on th altrnati$$n+s in th R+ls orth law%

If* on th othr han"*s+ch $n+ stip+lationcontains .+alif,in#*rstricti$* !an"ator, or/cl+sionar, tr!s

in"icatin# that tha""itional for+! shall bth +naltrabl $n+ ofprospcti$ s+its eIcontractu btwnth!* thn s+cha#r!nt shallncssaril, b obsr$"to th /cl+sion of an"shall bar rsort toanothr for+! which

wo+l" othrwis ha$bn th r#l!ntar,prscription of $n+ forth cas%

Of th lattr #nr arth +s of s+ch.+alif,in# wor"s li&eIclusively, only, solely,li9ited to, in no other(lace, to the eIclusion

o7, or othr tr!sin"icati$ of a clar an"cat#orical intnt to la,th $n+ at a spcificplac an" thrb,wai$in# th #nralpro$isions of th R+lsor th law on $n+ orproscribin# th filin# ofs+it in an, othrco!ptnt co+rt%

Ths #+i"lins sho+l"accor"in#l, b "rawnfro! th "cision in thiscas* vi2%6 819 tha#r!nt on $n+shall* in th firstinstanc* b nor!all,

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consi"r" as !rl,pr!issi$G 8;9 to brstricti$* th lan#+a#or tr!inolo#,!plo," in th

stip+lation !+st b+n.+i$ocal an" a"!itof no contrar, or"o+btf+l intrprtationG8


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iss+s for th lowr co+rtsrsol+tion* s+ch as th ownrship ofth s+b'ct lot* th prio" of las*ri#ht of ri!b+rs!nt fori!pro$!nts an" th ri#ht to 'ct

rspon"nts%R+ls of pla"in#s arintn"" to sc+r a !tho" b,which th iss+s !a, b proprl,lai" bfor th co+rt% Whn thosiss+s ar alra", clar bfor thco+rt* th "ficinc, in thobsr$anc of th r+ls sho+l" notb #i$n +n"+ i!portanc% What isi!portant is that th cas b"ci"" +pon th !rits an" that itsho+l" not b allow" to #o off on

proc"+ral points%

a% Co!plaint

R+l @* Sc%


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confssion an"a$oi"anc% 80a9

c% Co+ntrclai!s

R+l @* Sc% @6ounterclai9% Aco+ntrclai! is an,clai! which a "fn"in#part, !a, ha$ a#ainstan opposin# part,% 8@a9

819 Co!p+lsor,co+ntrclai!

R+l @* Sc% 46

o9(ulsorycounterclai9% Aco!p+lsor,co+ntrclai! is onwhich* bin# co#niablb, th r#+lar co+rts of'+stic* ariss o+t of or isconnct" with thtransaction orocc+rrnc constit+tin#th s+b'ct !attr of th

opposin# part,Ks clai!an" "os not r.+ir forits a"'+"ication thprsnc of thir" partisof who! th co+rtcannot ac.+ir'+ris"iction% S+ch aco+ntrclai! !+st bwithin th '+ris"iction ofth co+rt both as to tha!o+nt an" th nat+r

throf* /cpt that inan ori#inal action bforth R#ional Trial Co+rt*th co+ntr:clai! !a,b consi"r"co!p+lsor, r#ar"lssof th a!o+nt% 8n9

+(ouses Mendiola v. ourt o7A((eals* >%R% NO% 1024?@* -+l, 13*;=1;

Accor"in#l,* a co+ntrclai! is

co!p+lsor, if6 8a9 it ariss o+t of oris ncssaril, connct" with thtransaction or occ+rrnc which isth s+b'ct !attr of th opposin#part,s clai!G 8)9 it "os not r.+irfor its a"'+"ication th prsnc ofthir" partis of who! th co+rtcannot ac.+ir '+ris"ictionG an" 8c9th co+rt has '+ris"iction tontrtain th clai! both as to itsa!o+nt an" nat+r* /cpt that in

an ori#inal action bfor th RTC*th co+ntrclai! !a, b consi"r"co!p+lsor, r#ar"lss of tha!o+nt%

A co!p+lsor, co+ntrclai!that a "fn"in# part, has at thti! h fils his answr shall bcontain" thrin% P+rs+ant toSction ;* R+l 2 of th 1224 Ruleso7 ivil Procedure* a co!p+lsor,

co+ntrclai! not st +p shall bbarr"%

Th fo+r tsts to "tr!inwhthr a co+ntrclai! isco!p+lsor, or not ar th followin#*to wit6

8a9 Ar th iss+s of factor law rais" b, thclai! an" th

co+ntrclai! lar#l, thsa!J8)9 Wo+l" res


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sa! $i"nc s+pportor rf+t plaintiffs clai!as wll as th"fn"antsco+ntrclai!J an"

8d9 Is thr an, lo#icalrlation btwn thclai! an" thco+ntrclai!* s+ch thatth con"+ct of sparattrials of th rspcti$clai!s of th partiswo+l" ntail as+bstantial "+plicationof ffort an" ti! b, thpartis an" th co+rtJ

Of th fo+r* th on co!pllin# tstof co!p+lsorinss is th lo#icalrlation btwn th clai! all#"in th co!plaint an" that in thco+ntrclai!% S+ch rlationship/ists whn con"+ctin# sparattrials of th rspcti$ clai!s of thpartis wo+l" ntail s+bstantial"+plication of ti! an" ffort b, thpartis an" th co+rtG whn th

!+ltipl clai!s in$ol$ th sa!fact+al an" l#al iss+sG or whn thclai!s ar offshoots of th sa!basic contro$rs, btwn thpartis% If ths tsts rs+lt inaffir!ati$ answrs* thco+ntrclai! is co!p+lsor,%

Th fo+r tsts ar affir!ati$l,!t as far as th Ma&ati cas wasconcrn"% Th Ma&ati cas ha" th

lo#ical rlation to th Manila casbca+s both aros o+t of th/tra'+"icial forclos+r of th ralstat !ort#a# constit+t" tosc+r th pa,!nt of ptitionrscr"it p+rchass +n"r th"istrib+torship a#r!nt withShll% Spcificall,* th ri#ht of Shll

to "!an" th "ficinc, waspr"icat" on th $ali"it, of th/tra'+"icial forclos+r* s+ch thatthr wo+l" not ha$ bn a"ficinc, to b clai!" in th

Manila cas ha" Shll not $ali"l,forclos" th !ort#a#% As arlirshown* Ra!ons ca+s of action forann+l!nt of th /tra'+"icialforclos+r was a tr+ co!p+lsor,co+ntrclai! in th Manila cas%Th+s* th Ma&ati RTC co+l" not ha$!iss" th lo#ical rlation btwnth two actions%

8;9 Pr!issi$

co+ntrclai!

Banco de Cro v. ourt o7 A((eals*?@3 SCRA 1@@ 8A+#+st ;0* ;==09 Th co+ntrclai! !+st b /istin#at th ti! of filin# th answr*tho+#h not at th co!!nc!nt ofth action for +n"r Sction < of thfor!r R+l 1=* th co+ntrclai! orcross:clai! which a part, !a, a$rin his answr !+st b on which h

!a, ha$ at the ti9e a#ainst thopposin# part,% That phras canonl, ha$ rfrnc to th ti! ofth answr% Crtainl, a pr!at+rco+ntrclai! cannot b st +p in thanswr% This constr+ction is not onl,/plicit fro! th lan#+a# of thaforcit" pro$isions b+t also sr$sto har!oni th aforcit" sctionsof R+l 1=* with sction ? of thsa! r+l which pro$i"s that a

co+ntrclai!7which ithr !at+r"or was ac.+ir" b, a part, a7terservin5 his (leadin5 !a,* with thpr!ission of th co+rt* bprsnt" as a co+ntrclai!7b,s+ppl!ntal pla"in# bfor'+"#!nt% Th+s a part, who fails tointrpos a co+ntrclai! altho+#h

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arisin# o+t of or is ncssaril,connct" with th transaction orocc+rrnc of th plaintiffs s+it b+twhich "i" not /ist or !at+r at thti! sai" part, fils his answr is

not thrb, barr" fro! intrposin#s+ch clai! in a f+t+r liti#ation%

Whil (DO co+l" ha$* aftr thLocsins fil" on March ;@* 1222 aS+ppl!ntal Co!plaint in Ci$ilCas No% :23:


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)Es co!!nt6 Th ri#ht toprosc+t th co+ntrclai! isa$ailabl if th "is!issal is +pon!otion of th plaintiff or "+ to thfa+lt of th plaintiff% In both

instancs* th "is!issal of thco!plaint shall b witho+t pr'+"icto th ri#ht of th "fn"ant toprosc+t his co+ntrclai! in asparat action +nlss7h!anifsts his prfrnc to ha$ hisco+ntrclai! rsol$" in th sa!action%

"% Cross:clai!s

R+l @* Sc% 36 Cross-claim. " + cross-claim isany claim by one party

against a co-party

arising out of the

transaction or occurrence

that is the subject

matter either of the

original action or of a

counterclaim therein.

uch cross-claim may

include a claim that the

party against whom it is

asserted is or may be

liable to the cross-

claimant for all or part

of a claim asserted in

the action against the

cross-claimant.

Ma, a plaintiff fil a cross:clai!a#ainst his co:plaintiffJ s* thr+ls si!pl, rfr to a part, a#ainsta co:part,%

Ma, a thir":part, "fn"ant fil acrossclai! a#ainst th plaintiffJ s*+n"r Sc% 1arcia% A b+s "ri$n b, Lonar"o

an" own" b, P+rificacion b+!p"th bac& portion of a "li$r, $anwhich in t+rn colli"" with th'pn, rs+ltin# in in'+ris toE!rita% Th lattr fil" a co!plaintfor "a!a#s bas" on brach" ofcontract of carria# a#ainst )ir#ilioan" th spo+ss >arcia% In t+rn* th

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spo+ss >arcia fil" a


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+nncssar,prolifration of laws+itsan" of "isposin#/p"itio+sl, in onliti#ation th ntir

s+b'ct !attr arisin#fro! on partic+lar stof facts% 7 Whn la$to fil th thir":part,co!plaint is proprl,#rant"* th Co+rtrn"rs in ffct two'+"#!nts in th sa!cas* on on thplaintiffs co!plaint an"th othr on th thir":

part, co!plaint% Whnh fin"s fa$orabl, onboth co!plaints* as inthis cas* h rn"rs'+"#!nt on thprincipal co!plaint infa$or of plaintiff a#ainst"fn"ant an" rn"rsanothr '+"#!nt on ththir":part, co!plaint infa$or of "fn"ant as

thir":part, plaintiff*or"rin# th thir":part,"fn"ant to ri!b+rsth "fn"ant what$ra!o+nt sai" "fn"antis or"r" to pa,plaintiff in th cas%/ailure o7 any o7 said(arties in such a case toa((eal the oo",ar% Ro"olfo

fil a !otion for la$ to fil %R%No% 14@2?2* -+n ;4* ;=1; Char#in$oics ar not actionabl"oc+!nts (er se as ths 5onl,pro$i" "tails on th all#"transactions% Ths "oc+!nts n"not b attach" to or stat" in thco!plaint as ths ar $i"ntiar,in nat+r%

In Phili((ine Ban* o7o99unications v. ourt o7 A((eals*120 SCRA 0@4* th "oc+!nt whos#n+innss an" "+ /c+tion is"!" a"!itt" n" not bfor!all, offr" in $i"nc% Thffct is to rli$ th plaintiff fro!th "+t, of /prssl, prsntin#s+ch "oc+!nts as $i"nc sincth, ar consi"r" as '+"iciala"!issions%

Th followin# "fnss* not bin#inconsistnt with th #n+innssan" "+ /c+tion ar not wai$""spit fail+r to spcficiall, "n,+n"r oath th actionabl"oc+!nt6 8a9 Fra+"G 8b9 EstopplG

8c9 Want or Ill#alit, ofConsi"rationG 8"9 Mista&G 89Pa,!ntG 8f9 Minorit, or I!bcilit,G8#9 D+rssG 8h9 Stat+t ofLi!itationsG an"* 8i9 Co!pro!is%

Th followin# "fnss ar how$r"!" wai$"6 8a9 For#r, in thsi#nat+rG 8b9 Una+thori"si#nat+r as in th cas of an a#ntsi#nin# for th principalG 8c9 thCorporation was not a+thori"+n"r its chartr to si#n thinstr+!ntG 8"9 Want of "li$r,G or*89 at th ti! th "oc+!nt wassi#n"* it was not in th wor"s an"fi#+rs /actl, as st o+t in th

pla"in#%

c% Spcific "nials

819 Effct of fail+r to !a&spcific "nials

R+l 3* Sc% 1=% Specificdenial. + defendantmust specify each

material allegation

of fact the truth ofwhich he does not

admit and, whenever

practicable, shall

set forth the

substance of the

matters upon which

he relies to support

his denial. 2here a

defendant desires to

deny only a part of

an averment, heshall specify so

much of it as is

true and material

and shall deny only

the remainder. 2here

a defendant is

without knowledge or

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information

sufficient to form a

belief as to the

truth of a material

averment made in the

complaint, he shall

so state, and this

shall have the

effect of a denial.

8;9 Whn a spcific"nial r.+irs an oath

R+l 3* Sc% 11* 5All#ations of+s+r, in a co!plaint to rco$r+s+rio+s intrst ar "!"

a"!itt" if not "ni" +n"r oath%

0% Effct of fail+r to pla"

R+l 2* Sc% o'o $%>o,ala*


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Un"r Sc% 1* R+l 2* 57 whn itappars fro! th pla"in#s or th$i"nc on rcor" that th co+rthas no '+ris"icition o$r th s+b'ct

!attr* that thr is anothr actionpn"in# btwn th sa! partisfor th sa! ca+s* or that thaction is barr" b, a prior '+"#!ntor b, th stat+t of li!itations* thco+rt shall "is!iss th clai!%

Un"r Sc% ? of R$is" R+ls onS+!!ar, Proc"+r* th co+rt fro!an /a!ination of th all#ationsthrin an" s+ch $i"nc as !

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