Traditionell modern

13.12.2011Elena ZarkhJasmin MerzelJonathan OttnadElectric Cars2OverviewHistorical IntroductionConcept of Electric CarsBatteries, engine and brakesCO2-savingsMonetary savingsInfrastructureFuture developmentConclusion13.12.2011Electric carsHistorical introduction1672 first automobile (steam engine, Ferdinand Verbiest )1828 first electric car model, nyos JedlikBetween 1832-1838 first electric carriage, R. Anderson1842 first electric car with a non-rechargeable electric cell, Thomas Davenport and Robert Anderson1885 the first car with four-stroke circle gasoline engine, Karl Benz1891 first electric car that actually worked, A. L. Ryker and W. Morrison

313.12.2011Electric cars1920: electric cars had to competite with petroleum-fueled cars313.12.2011Electric carsHistorical introduction1897 first commercial application1899 first world speed record of 105 km/h4

Camille Jenatzy in his car Jamais Contente,Top speed of 105.88 km/h on April 29, 1899www.wikipedia.org13.12.2011Electric cars1920: electric cars had to competite with petroleum-fueled cars413.12.2011Electric carsHistorical introduction1935 practically disappearedThe energy crisis in the 1970s and 80s revivals the interestIn the 90s high interest for the emissions free vehicles:New technologies in electric car industryThe topic of the environment pollution is still relevant

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13.12.2011Electric carsHistorical introduction6

Eliica vs. Porsche 911 Turbo:13.12.2011Electric carsConcept of electric cars7

http://www.electronica.mkg13.12.2011Electric carsConcept of range extended electric car 8

www.opel.de13.12.2011Electric carsRein elektronischer range: 60 km813.12.2011Electric carsBatteries, engine and brakesBattery types:

24 kWh Lithium-ion Battery: 190 kg, 8400 9Cost per WhWh / kgWh / literLead-acid0.13 41100Nickel-metal0.72 95300Lithium-ion0.35 12823013.12.2011Electric carsBatteries, engine and brakesEngine types:AC-InductionDC-Brushes

Both types can be:Wheel-hub-engineDirect-drive-engine1013.12.2011Electric carsBatteries, engine and brakesBrakes:Regenerative brakeCan extend range up to 30%Useful for stop&go

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www.electric-car-abc.com13.12.2011Electric carsCO2-savingsCO2-emission of fossile-energy powered vehicle: about 160 g/km (average mid-class car)What causes the emission of an electric car?The production of energy used to charge the electric carWhere does this energy come from?

1213.12.2011Electric carsCO2-savings13 563 g/kWh CO2-Emission13.12.2011Electric cars

CO2-savingsNissan Leaf:range: 175.5 kmengine power: 80 kWmax. speed: 140 km/hbattery capacity: 24 kWhcharging efficiency: 85%

0.161 kWh/km 90.58 g/km14

http://www.car-addicts.comHow much energy does a electric vehicle need?13.12.2011Electric carsCO2-savingsComparison to other latest electric vehicles:15Ford Focus ElectricChevrolet Chevy Volt*Mitsubishi i-MIEVSmart EDrelease date2012201120102009engine power92 kW111 kW49 kW30 kWmax. speed135 km/h161 km/h130 km/h100 km/hbattery capacity23 kWh16 kWh16 kWh16.5 kWhrange160 km80 km150 km135 kmCO2 / km95 g/km132 g/km71 g/km81 g/km13.12.2011Electric cars92 kW = 125 PS1513.12.2011Electric carsMonetary savingsNissan Leaf vs. Nissan Micra:

Average price of 1 liter fuel: 1.52 Average price of 1 kWh: 0.17

Batteries need to be exchanged after some time

16LeafMicraengine power80 kW72 kWmax. speed140 km/h180 km/hconsumption0.161 kWh/km0.05 l/kmcosts per 100 km2.74 7.60 price37 000 13 000 13.12.2011Electric carsInfrastructureAre there enough charging stations?Can the existing energy production and energy grid cover the arising demand?What can one do if running out of energy on a trip?

1713.12.2011Electric carsInfrastructureCharging stations:All vehicles can be charged at homeMore than 2200 charging stations all over Germany18

www.lemnet.org13.12.2011Electric carsInfrastructureLet us assume a homogenous density of charging stationsArea of Germany: ~ 360 000 km1 charging station / 167 kmDivide Germany in square areas of 167 km with a charging station at the center13 km from charging station to charging station

This result is ok with the range of electric cars!

But there are no more than 6 charging slots per charging station at the moment1913.12.2011Electric carsInfrastructureIs the grid ready for electric cars?In the smart grid the batteries will play an important roleToday most power plants throttle energy production at nightRenewable energies are not reliable

Breakdown service:Provided by manufacturer only at the momentBreakdown service people need special technical education2013.12.2011Electric carsFuture developmentSolar supported vehiclesMore efficient enginesFaster chargingBatteries with higher capacity13.12.2011Electric cars21Future developmentRefillable Batteries:

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http://www.greenmotorsblog.de13.12.2011Electric carsConclusion IQualified for the city (short distances)Less loudDoes not have any exhaust gas (it still adds to CO2-emissions to the environment )Monetary savingsLess emissions2313.12.2011Electric carsConclusion IILess loud -> it is dangerous for walkersOnly for short distancesLong recharge timeNot enough electricity Better insulation for the electric car (for outdoor temperature)High-voltage sourceNo breakdown-serviceExpensive: cars as well as batteries and its service

2413.12.2011Electric carsSourceswww.autobild.dehttp://theinstitute.ieee.org/ieee-roundup/opinions/ieee-roundup/electric-vehicles-possibilities-challenges-and-their-impact http://www.paulchefurka.ca/Electric%20Cars%20and%20CO2.html http://www.chevrolet.com/volt-electric-car/ http://www.alle-autos-in.de/http://www.lemnet.org/ www.umweltbundesamt.de

2513.12.2011Electric carsSourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_carhttp://inventors.about.com/od/estartinventions/a/History-Of-Electric-Vehicles.htmhttp://www.directoryarc.com/articles/2/1/The-Journey-of-Electric-Vehicles-From-Then-to-Now/Page1.htmlhttp://inventors.about.com/od/estartinventions/a/Electric-Vehicles.htmhttp://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/History-Of-Electric-Vehicles.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/http://electric-car-abc.com2613.12.2011Electric cars2613.12.2011Electric carsSourceshttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/electric-car3.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htmhttp://www.elektroauto-start.de/wissen/elektro-vs-hybridhttp://www.klima-wandel.comhttp://www.eliica.comhttp://www.stromvergleich.de/elektroautohttp://www.handelsblatt.com/auto/test-technik/batterie-statt-brennkammer/4179482.html?p4179482=allhttp://www.elektroauto-hybridauto.dehttp://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/cost_of_powerhttp://www.allaboutbatteries.com/Battery-Energy.html

2713.12.2011Electric carshttp://www.treehugger.comhttp://www.greenmotorsblog.de/Who killed the electric car Chris Paine, 2006

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