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Empowering Library Discovery and Management
Services with Social Data
Marshall BreedingIndependent Consultant, Author, andFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding
27 July, 2015International Conference on E-Publishing
Description
Marshall Breeding will give an overview of the current realm of library resource management systems and discovery services, highlighting some of the major technology trends. These products increasingly leverage use data and social networking concepts to provide more targeted and personalized services. Breeding will explore this trend among others and its implications for privacy and security of library users. Trends addressed include how social media has help shape the realm of E-Publishing.
Topics covered
Reports and resources Trends in library resource management
systems Trends in discovery services Discovery beyond the library Empowering Discovery with Social Data Trends in resource sharing and
collaborative infrastructure
Library Technology Guides
www.librarytechnology.
org
Recent Reports
American Libraries Library Systems Report 2015 online edition published May 1 “Operationalizing Innovation”
Future of Library Resource Discovery NISO White Paper commissioned by the
Document to Delivery Topic Committee Published Feb 20, 2015
Perceptions Surveys 2015 edition recently published http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/
Perceptions 2014
http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/ Annual survey for Libraries Satisfaction levels for
Company Current ILS Service Loyalty Migration Plans
3,141 Responses 80 Countries
Perceptions Survey 2014
Sample: Large Academic Libraries
Satisfaction levels: Large Academic
Library Systems Report 2015“Operationalizing innovation”
http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/01/library-systems-report/
American Libraries Library Systems Report
Library Systems Report 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation Online Publication: April 15, 2015 Covers 2014+ calendar year activities
Report produced from: Questionnaire of statistics and narrative
completed by each major vendor Press announcements made throughout the
year Other background information
Library Technology Industry Reports
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
2015: Operationalizing Innovation
2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core
Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down,
innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating
customer
American Libraries Library Journal
Industry Revenues
$1.8 billion global industry
$805 million from companies involved in the US
$495 million from US Libraries
Personnel Growth / Loss
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Ex Libris
SirsiDynix
Follett Software Company
Innovative Inter-faces, Inc.
Evolution of Resource Management
Transition to Electronic Publishing Academic libraries devote majority of
collections budgets to electronic materials
Open access represents a growing proportion of scholarly resources, though still a small minority
Public libraries increasingly offer e-book lending services
Academic libraries: primarily electronic collections
Public Libraries: Primarily physical collections
Implications of e-publishing
Resource management systems for academic libraries must be optimized for electronic resources License management Open access outside of paid subscriptions Portfolio-based management – use
knowledge base to delineate individual titles and date coverage of aggregated content packages
Efficiently manage e-books Demand-driven acquisitions
Fragmented Resource Management Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and university Electronic Resource Management E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,
DigiTool, etc.) Separate systems for archival materials and special collections Discovery-layer services for broader access to library
collections No effective integration services / interoperability among
disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes
Cycles of fragmentation > unification
Early Phase: Modular automation Integrated Library Systems Proliferation of systems to manage
electronic resources and digital collections
Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management
Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform
Integrated (for print) Library System
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
BusinessLogic
DataStores
LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
`
LicenseManagement
LicenseTerms
E-resourceProcurement
VendorsE-Journal
Titles
Protocols: CORE
Common approach for ERM
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
CircTransact
User Vendor Policies$$$
Funds
CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Budget License Terms
Titles / Holdings
Vendors
Access Details
Comprehensive Resource Management
Simplify resource management through platform consolidation
Separate components: ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
Consolidation requires a flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows
Library Services Platform
Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services Services-oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to
extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data
Library Services Platforms – Functional
Manages electronic and print formats of materials
Replaces multiple incumbent products Extensive Metadata Management Multiple procurement workflows Knowledgebases Built-in collection analytics Decision support for collection
development
Knowledge bases
Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library-by-library management
LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources Make links or associations from local holdings to
common bibliographic records WorldShare Management Services – based on
WorldCat Bibliographic records Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared
records and resources Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC
and other resources
Support for BIBFRAME
New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model
No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms
Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative Operational implementations will come once the
model has stabilized Current phase of experimental projects and
prototypes Applies differently to discovery versus resource
management
Library Services Platforms – Technical
Beyond Client/Server Computing Multi-tenant platforms Web-based interfaces Services-oriented architecture Exposes APIs for extensibility and
interoperability Interoperable
Con
solid
ate
d in
dex
Unified Presentation LayerSearch:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO…
JSTOR
Other Resour
ces
New Library Management Model
`
API Layer
Library Services Platform
LearningManageme
nt
LearningManageme
nt
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
Enterprise ResourcePlanning
StockManageme
nt
StockManageme
nt
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Self-Check /
Automated Return
Authentication
Service
Authentication
Service
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Smart Cad /
Payment systems
Discovery
Service
Resource Management ModelsCategory Integrated
Library SystemProgressive
integrated library System
Library Services Platform
Resources managed
Physical Print, electronic Electronic, Physical
Technology platform
Server-based Server-based Multi-tenant SaaS
Knowledgebases None None e-holdings, bibliographic
Patron interfaces Browser-based Browser-based Browser-based
Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS)
Browser-based Browser-based
Procurement models
Purchase Purchase, license license
Hosting option Local install, ASP Local install, ASP Saas Only
Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API
Batch transfer, RESTful APIs,
APIs (mostly RESTful)
Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris
Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo
WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE
Development strategy
Brownfield Brownfield Greenfield (mixed)
Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms
Library Services Platform Installations
Production installations as of December 2014
Product Installations
2014 Sales
Sierra 495 123
Alma 406 43
WorldShare Management Services
303 79
Kuali OLE 2 10
Intota 0 21
Cycle of adoption and deployment
Beginning of a new cycle of transition that will last a decade
Development and beta phase complete Now in mass deployment phase Over the course of the next decade, academic
libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms
Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services
Trends in library resource discovery
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
Search:
Digital Collections
Web Site ContentInstitution
al Repositori
es
…E-Journals
Reference Sources
Search Results
Pre-built harvesting and indexing
Conso
lidate
d In
dex
ILS Data
Aggregated Content packages
(2009- present)
Usage-generate
dData
Customer
Profile
Comprehensive Library Portal
Integrated Library System
Library Web site
SubjectGuides
Article, Databases,E-Book collections
Public Interfaces:
Presentation Layer
Discovery Service Statistics
Discovery Product 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014InstalledEBSCO Discovery Service 1774 2634 8246
Primo 506 111 101 98 88 1529
Encore 56 72 36
Summon 164 214 158 195 697
WorldCat Discovery 2085
Demise of the local catalog
Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory
Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface
Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services
Fully Integrated Strategy
Library services Platform Index-based discovery service Integrated link resolution Shared e-resource knowledgebase Analytics available from back-end and
discovery perspective
Split Management / Discovery Strategy
Library Services Platform for management of print and electronic resources
Separate index-based discovery Knowledge base probably provided through Library
Services Platform Link Resolution separate from Discovery: how to
perform smart linking? Export and sync resource records from management
to discovery service API look-ups for resource availability and status Patron profile and services request split between
discovery and resource management components
Empowering Discovery with Social Data
Social Media and Networks
Engagement with social networks a global phenomenon
Facebook – Twitter – Instagram -- Snapchat
An essential element of the student experience
How to infuse or adapt social characteristic into the academic experience
Social aspects of Library Resource Discovery
Integrated features that enable users to interact socially with other patrons Rate content and share with communities Form social groups that share academic
interests Reading clubs (Public library context)
Identify items of interest based on ratings and referrals of other users
Social impact on scholarly publishing
The impact of a research article has traditionally been measured through citations in other scholarly works
Today, impact is also a factor of exposure in social networks
Many scholars share references through Twitter and other general social network platforms
Many other discipline-specific forums Alternative metrics of impact that include non-
traditional references
Refining discovery socially
Collect and take advantage of use data to help identify items of interest
Tune relevancy rankings based on use data and social elements
Personalization
Social networks set expectations for highly personalized services
User profiles that set basic affiliations (major area of study, department, etc)
Systems that learn about the patron’s interest with increased use of the system Searches performed, articles selected, etc
Potential for discovery services blend individual and aggregated use data to deliver customized results and relevancy rankings
Example: bx:
makes recommendations based on associations implied in OpenURL link server logs
Important data held in selections made by researchers within a given search session.
Identifies related materials not necessarily apparent by key words or subject term assignments.
Social vs Privacy
Social features assume some degree of knowledge about a user
Personal or categorical? Concern to protect privacy while
leveraging social data or features Is it possible to fully anonymize personal
data related to search behavior?
Privacy and security recommendations
Respect the privacy of library users in all possible ways
Possible to capture extensive information through readily available tools and technologies
Encrypt search sessions. (data in motion) Encrypt stored patron details.
General Security concerns
All library systems must follow industry standards for security
Increasingly expected to encrypt all network traffic https or equivalent
Security compliance certifications for data centers and hosted services
Discovery happens elsewhere
Beyond Library Discovery
Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces
Reality that most discovery happens external to library
Improve discoverability of library resources Locally: through incorporation of SEO and
semantic encoding Especially schema.org
Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services
Discovery beyond Library Interfaces
Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar Same expectations for transparency?
Better exposure of library-oriented content Schema.org or other microdata formats
Better exposure of scholarly resources Open access & Proprietary
Embedded tools in other campus interfaces
Changing models of Resource Sharing
Progressive consolidation of library services
Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus
Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions
Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University /
Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent
colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)
BibliographicDatabase
Library System
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Search:
Integrated Library System
Patrons useCirculation featuresto request itemsfrom other branches
Floating Collectionsmay reduce workload forInter-branchtransfers
Model:Multi-branchIndependentLibrary System
BibliographicDatabase
Library System A
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
HoldingsMain Facility
BibliographicDatabase
Library System B
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
HoldingsMain Facility
BibliographicDatabase
Library System C
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
HoldingsMain Facility
BibliographicDatabase
Library System D
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
HoldingsMain Facility
BibliographicDatabase
Library System F
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
HoldingsMain Facility
BibliographicDatabase
Library System E
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
HoldingsMain Facility
Resource Sharing Application
BibliographicDatabase
Discovery and Request Management Routines
Staff Fulfillment Tools
Inter-System Communications
NCIP
SIP ISO ILL
Z39.50
NCIP
NCIP
NCIP
NCIP
NCIP
NCIP
Search:
Consortial Resource Sharing System
BibliographicDatabase
Shared Consortia System
Library 2
Library 3
Library 4
Library 5
Library 7
Library 8
Library 9
Library 10
Holdings
Library 1 Library 6
Shared Consortial ILS
Search:
Model:Multipleindependentlibraries in aConsortiumShare an ILS
ILS configuredTo supportDirect consortialBorrowing throughCirculation Module
Shared Infrastructure
Common discovery Retention of local automation systems Technical complex with moderate
operational benefits Common discovery + Resource
Management Systems Shared Resource management with local
discovery options
Moving toward Collaborative Infrastructure
Benefits of shared infrastructure Increased cooperation and resource
sharing Collaborative collection management Lower costs per institution Greater universe of content readily
available to patrons Avoid add-on components for union
catalog and resource requests and routing
Large-scale Implementations Scale of any given project is no longer
limited Multi-tenant systems are already
supporting very large numbers of sites Shared implementation does not
necessarily require more resources than separate ones
Orbis Cascade Alliance
Orbis Cascade Alliance
Campus Libraries 37
Aggregated Enrollment
258,000
Total Titles 9 million
Total Items 28 million
WHELF
Wales Higher Education Libraries Forum
Institution Prior ILS Bib Records
Aberystwyth University Voyager 677,846Bangor & Glyndwr University Sierra 591,673
Cardiff University & Welsh National Health Service
Voyager 856,381
Cardiff Metropolitan University Alto 269,965
National Library of Wales Virtua 6,643,696
Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama
Voyager 53,544
Swansea University Voyager 738,399University of South Wales Symphon
y365,602
University of Wales Trinity St. David Horizon 637,326
Total 10,834,432
California State University Institution Titles Volumes Circulation Staff FTE
Bakersfield 473,134 637,606 15,714 25Channel Islands 100,433 255,594 24Chico 850,000 1,265,907 32,182 59Dominguez Hills 628,193 637,064 8,456 38East Bay 944,415 1,139,057 33,491 43Fresno 1,928,624 1,345,398 208,491 78Fullerton 1,153,714 1,256,867 61,486 74Humboldt 692,017 807,101 30,300 31Long Beach 1,198,788 3,073,252 147,461 68Los Angeles 926,498 983,229 35,665 48Maritime Academy 42,854 154,820 5,439 8Monterey Bay 277,228 333,982 27,768 16Northridge 1,575,695 2,170,589 130,322 138Pomona 776,251 1,058,236 43,514 48Sacramento 1,189,093 1,415,562 98,675 66San Bernardino 935,366 868,453 29,001 90San Diego 2,340,641 2,513,984 46,402 106San Francisco 1,524,464 1,677,437 89,161 89San Jose 1,505,676 1,441,279 94,745 88San Luis Obispo 805,508 724,531 38,895 62San Marcos 441,812 538,203 17,071 47Sonoma 506,040 585,082 191,187 34Stanislaus 344,311 513,565 31,611 27
Total 21,160,755 25,396,798 1,417,037 1,307
Comparison of Projects
Institution Volumes Libraries
Harvard University 18,900,000 79
Orbis Cascade Alliance 28,000,000 66
WHELF 10,834,432 32
California State University
25,396,798 25
University of California 45,000,000 100
Questions and discussion
