Trends in Library Resource Management and

Discovery

Marshall BreedingIndependent Consultant, Author, andFounder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding

August 08, 2015 OCLC Seminar 

Description

Marshall Breeding will give an overview of the current realm of library resource management systems and discovery services, highlighting some of the major technology trends. These products increasingly leverage use data and social networking concepts to provide more targeted and personalized services.

Library Technology Guides

www.librarytechnology.

org

Visualizations based on ILS data in libraries.org

Libraries.org data

Product Selections

Product De-selections

WorldShare implementations by Size

WorldShare Management Services by Type

Alma – Implementations by Type

Alma – Implementations by Size

Sierra implementations by Type

Sierra implementations by Size

Sierra migration Patterns

Evergreen implementations by Type

Perceptions 2014

http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/ Annual survey for Libraries Satisfaction levels for

Company Current ILS Service Loyalty Migration Plans

3,141 Responses 80 Countries

Perceptions Survey 2014

Sample: Large Academic Libraries

Libraries Considering Switching Systems

Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

Library Technology Industry Reports

2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation

2015: Operationalizing Innovation

2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core

Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down,

innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating

customer

American Libraries Library Journal

Library Systems Report 2015“Operationalizing innovation”

http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/01/library-systems-report/

Industry Revenues

$1.8 billion global industry

$805 million from companies involved in the US

$495 million from US Libraries

Personnel Resources 2014

Personnel Growth / Loss

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Ex Libris

SirsiDynix

Follett Software Company

Innovative Inter-faces, Inc.

Industry and Business Trends

Mergers and Acquisitionshttp://librarytechnology.org/mergers

Consolidation

Industry dominated by a small number of large organizations

EBSCO Information Services ProQuest OCLC Ex Libris Innovative Interfaces SirsiDynix Follett

Mid-sized and Small Companies Limited geographic scope Sector-specific products Maintain profitable niche Acquisition targets

Overlap between Content and Technology

Content companies ever more deeply extended into resource management and discovery technologies

Technology companies involved in content creation and integration E-resource Knowledgebases (Journal level) Discovery indexes (Article level)

EBSCO Information Services

Subject Indexing: EBSCO databases Content aggregation: EBSCOhost platform Discovery Technology: EBSCO Discovery

Service Print acquisition pipeline: YBP, GOBI3 Serials Acquisition pipeline

EBSCO Subscription Services E-books (academic)

ProQuest

Database creation and aggregation ProQuest Platform

Print acquisition pipeline: Couts, MyiLibrary

Discovery Technology: Summon Resource management

360 Resource Manager 360 Link Intota (Print + electronic)

Library sector involvement

Ex Libris: Higher Education oMbiel campusM platform

ProQuest: Colleges and University Follett: PreK-12 schools and districts SirsiDynix: Public, academic, special Innovative: Public, Academic, special OCLC: current emphasis on academic

Industry Growth

Organic: capture new accounts Technology: Shift to hosted services Geographic: expand into new

international regions

Ownership models

Private Equity Ex Libris (Golden Gate) Innovative (HCCG, JMI) SirsiDynix (ICV)

Family owned Follett EBSCO ProQuest (Snyder / Goldman Sachs)

Membership owned OCLC

Technology Trends

Deployment strategies

In previous phase, libraries preferred local hosting and were skeptical of hosted offerings

Libraries now favor hosted services Lack local IT staff and facilities Prefer to use technical personnel for tasks

other than infrastructure upkeep Expect leverage for resource sharing and

other benefits Ongoing concern for data ownership,

privacy, local control

Software as a Service

Globally deployed platform Scaleable, redundant, secure

Web-native interfaces Multi-tenant: multiple institutional, single

code base Globally shared resources Institutionally segregated resources

Hosted services

Hosted instances of client/server systems

Locally installed staff clients Institutional or consortial instance Very difficult to reengineer client/server

products to multi-tenant platforms Common to move to hosted service even

when not changing systems

Open source ILS

Software model favored by libraries Current products oriented to small to

mid-sized libraries Koha -- institutional Evergreen – consortial

Academic and research libraries Kuali OLE

API Ecosystem

Applications Programming Interface Programmatically extract or load data,

consume functionality Real-time interoperability with external

systems and services Supplements or replaces standard

protocols Community platforms: documentation,

sharable code, sandbox environment

Metadata models

MARC dominates ILS products Library Services Platforms assume

multiple metadata formats Full support expected for RDA Expectation to support BIBFAME in near

future

Trends in Library Resource Management

Academic Libraries:

Collection spending dominated by subscriptions to electronic content

Remnant spending for monographs Firm orders for print Demand-driven acquisitions for e-books

Transition to Electronic Publishing Academic libraries devote majority of

collections budgets to electronic materials

Open access represents a growing proportion of scholarly resources, though still a small minority

Public libraries increasingly offer e-book lending services

Academic libraries: primarily electronic collections

Public Libraries: Primarily physical collections

Implications of e-publishing

Resource management systems for academic libraries must be optimized for electronic resources License management Open access outside of paid subscriptions Portfolio-based management – use

knowledge base to delineate individual titles and date coverage of aggregated content packages

Efficiently manage e-books Demand-driven acquisitions

Public Libraries:

Vigorous lending of print materials Rising interest in e-book lending Marginal investment in e-resource

databases

E-book lending

High demand for integration technologies

E-book lending fully blended within the library’s own online catalog or discovery interface

Simple selection, download, and reading of e-books

Librarians demand fair pricing models Publishers continue to fear impact on sales Impose policies that create more friction

Integrate e-book platforms

Overdrive 3M Cloud Library Axis 360

Manage local e-book collections “Douglas County” model Owned, locally hosted titles Odilo as example of new type of e-book

service provider

School Libraries:

Access to appropriate resources Age Reading level

Oriented to district-wide resource management and discovery

Low per-school costs for technology Technologies that penetrate beyond the

library into the school or district Different assumptions for privacy and

security

Functionality Trends

Fragmented Resource Management Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and university Electronic Resource Management E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,

DigiTool, etc.) Separate systems for archival materials and special collections Discovery-layer services for broader access to library

collections No effective integration services / interoperability among

disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Cycles of fragmentation > unification

Early Phase: Modular automation Integrated Library Systems Proliferation of systems to manage

electronic resources and digital collections

Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management

Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform

Comprehensive Resource Management

Simplify resource management through platform consolidation

Separate components: ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model

Consolidation requires a flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

Library Services Platform

Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services

Services Services-oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users

Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to

extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platforms – Functional

Manages electronic and print formats of materials

Replaces multiple incumbent products Extensive Metadata Management Multiple procurement workflows Knowledgebases Built-in collection analytics Decision support for collection

development

Knowledge bases

Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library-by-library management

LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources Make links or associations from local holdings to

common bibliographic records WorldShare Management Services – based on

WorldCat Bibliographic records Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared

records and resources Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC

and other resources

Actionable analytics

Previous generation of ILS offered reports

Libraries now expect sophisticated analytics

Make data-driven collection decisions Anticipate interest and use levels Cost per use

Support for BIBFRAME

New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model

No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms

Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative Operational implementations will come once the

model has stabilized Current phase of experimental projects and

prototypes Applies differently to discovery versus resource

management

Library Services Platforms – Technical

Beyond Client/Server Computing Multi-tenant platforms Web-based interfaces Services-oriented architecture Exposes APIs for extensibility and

interoperability Interoperable

Con

solid

ate

d in

dex

Unified Presentation LayerSearch:

Digital Coll

ProQuest

EBSCO…

JSTOR

Other Resour

ces

New Library Management Model

`

API Layer

Library Services Platform

LearningManageme

nt

LearningManageme

nt

Enterprise ResourcePlanning

Enterprise ResourcePlanning

StockManageme

nt

StockManageme

nt

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Authentication

Service

Authentication

Service

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Discovery

Service

Resource Management ModelsCategory Integrated

Library SystemProgressive

integrated library System

Library Services Platform

Resources managed

Physical Print, electronic Electronic, Physical

Technology platform

Server-based Server-based Multi-tenant SaaS

Knowledgebases None None e-holdings, bibliographic

Patron interfaces Browser-based Browser-based Browser-based

Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS)

Browser-based Browser-based

Procurement models

Purchase Purchase, license license

Hosting option Local install, ASP Local install, ASP Saas Only

Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API

Batch transfer, RESTful APIs,

APIs (mostly RESTful)

Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris

Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo

WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE

Development strategy

Brownfield Brownfield Greenfield (mixed)

Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

Library Services Platform Installations

Production installations as of December 2014

Product Installations

2014 Sales

Sierra 495 123

Alma 406 43

WorldShare Management Services

303 79

Kuali OLE 2 10

Intota 0 21

Cycle of adoption and deployment

Beginning of a new cycle of transition that will last a decade

Development and beta phase complete Now in mass deployment phase Over the course of the next decade, academic

libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms

Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

Trends in library resource discovery

Web-scale Index-based Discovery

Search:

Digital Collections

Web Site ContentInstitution

al Repositori

es

…E-Journals

Reference Sources

Search Results

Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Conso

lidate

d In

dex

ILS Data

Aggregated Content packages

(2009- present)

Usage-generate

dData

Customer

Profile

Comprehensive Library Portal

Integrated Library System

Library Web site

SubjectGuides

Article, Databases,E-Book collections

Public Interfaces:

Presentation Layer

Discovery Service Statistics

Discovery Product 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014InstalledEBSCO Discovery Service 1774 2634 8246

Primo 506 111 101 98 88 1529

Encore 56 72  36

Summon 164 214 158 195 697

WorldCat Discovery 2085

Demise of the local catalog

Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory

Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface

Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

Fully Integrated Strategy

Library services Platform Index-based discovery service Integrated link resolution Shared e-resource knowledgebase Analytics available from back-end and

discovery perspective

Split Management / Discovery Strategy

Library Services Platform for management of print and electronic resources

Separate index-based discovery Knowledge base probably provided through Library

Services Platform Link Resolution separate from Discovery: how to

perform smart linking? Export and sync resource records from management

to discovery service API look-ups for resource availability and status Patron profile and services request split between

discovery and resource management components

Discovery happens elsewhere

Beyond Library Discovery

Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces

Reality that most discovery happens external to library

Improve discoverability of library resources Locally: through incorporation of SEO and

semantic encoding Especially schema.org

Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services

Discovery beyond Library Interfaces

Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar Same expectations for transparency?

Better exposure of library-oriented content Schema.org or other microdata formats

Better exposure of scholarly resources Open access & Proprietary

Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

Changing models of Resource Sharing

Progressive consolidation of library services

Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus

Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions

Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University /

Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent

colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

BibliographicDatabase

Library System

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

Holdings

Main Facility

Search:

Integrated Library System

Patrons useCirculation featuresto request itemsfrom other branches

Floating Collectionsmay reduce workload forInter-branchtransfers

Model:Multi-branchIndependentLibrary System

BibliographicDatabase

Library System A

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

HoldingsMain Facility

BibliographicDatabase

Library System B

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

HoldingsMain Facility

BibliographicDatabase

Library System C

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

HoldingsMain Facility

BibliographicDatabase

Library System D

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

HoldingsMain Facility

BibliographicDatabase

Library System F

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

HoldingsMain Facility

BibliographicDatabase

Library System E

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

HoldingsMain Facility

Resource Sharing Application

BibliographicDatabase

Discovery and Request Management Routines

Staff Fulfillment Tools

Inter-System Communications

NCIP

SIP ISO ILL

Z39.50

NCIP

NCIP

NCIP

NCIP

NCIP

NCIP

Search:

Consortial Resource Sharing System

BibliographicDatabase

Shared Consortia System

Library 2

Library 3

Library 4

Library 5

Library 7

Library 8

Library 9

Library 10

Holdings

Library 1 Library 6

Shared Consortial ILS

Search:

Model:Multipleindependentlibraries in aConsortiumShare an ILS

ILS configuredTo supportDirect consortialBorrowing throughCirculation Module

Shared Infrastructure

Common discovery Retention of local automation systems Technical complex with moderate

operational benefits Common discovery + Resource

Management Systems Shared Resource management with local

discovery options

Benefits of shared infrastructure Increased cooperation and resource

sharing Collaborative collection management Lower costs per institution Greater universe of content readily

available to patrons Avoid add-on components for union

catalog and resource requests and routing

Shared infrastructure Projects Orbis Cascade WHELF South Australia Ireland Public

Libraries JULAC

California State University

University System of Georgia

Complete Florida Plus Program

University of Wisconsin system

Large-scale Implementations Scale of any given project is no longer

limited Multi-tenant systems are already

supporting very large numbers of sites Shared implementation does not

necessarily require more resources than separate ones

Industry Impact: Winner-take-all dynamic can disrupt sales

trends Favors products and companies oriented

toward consortia and large systems

Questions and discussion