En 571-1_Penetrent Testing

DEUTSCHE NORM March 1997 Non-destructive testing

Penetrant testing Part 1 : General principles

English version of DIN EN 571-1

DIN - EN 571-1

ICs 19.100

Descriptors: Non-destructive testing, testing, penetrant flaw detection.

Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Eindringprfung - Teil 1 : Allgemeine Grundlagen

Supersedes DIN 54152-1, July 1989 edition.

European Standard EN 571 -1 : 1997 has the status of a DIN Standard.

National foreword This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 138. The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the NormenausschuB Materialprfung (Materials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee Oberflachenverfahren.

Amendments DIN 54152-1, July 1989 edition, has been superseded by the specifications of EN 571-1.

Previous editions DIN 54152-1 1979-03. 1989-07.

EN comprises 16 pages.

No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of Ref. No. DIN EN 571-1: 1997-03 ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~ English price group 08 Sales No. 1708 DINDeutsches Institut fur Normung e.V., Berlin.

Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin, has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (VIN-Normen). 11.97

COPYRIGHT DIN DEUTSCHES Institut Fur Normung E.V.- EnglishLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT DIN DEUTSCHES Institut Fur Normung E.V.- EnglishLicensed by Information Handling Services

EUROPEAN STANDARD

EUROPISCHE NORM NORME EUROPENNE

EN 571-1

January 1997

ICs 19.100

Descriptors: Non-destructive testing, testing, penetrant flaw detection.

English version

Non-destructive testing

Part 1 : General principles Penetrant testing

Essais non destructifs - Examen par res- wage - Partie 1 : Principes gnraux

Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Eindring- Prfung - Teil 1 : Allgemeine Grundlagen

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1995-01-14. GEN members are bound to comply with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any GEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. GEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Por- tugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

CEN European Committee for Standardization

Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

O 1997. GEN - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national members.

Ref. No. EN 571-1:1997 E


EN 571-1 1997

Contents

Page Page

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 Compatibility of testing materials 1 Scope with the part@) to be tested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' 8

9 Test report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Annex A (normative) Main staaes of the Denetrant examination . .15 4 Safety precautions . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

5 General principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 A~~~~ B (informative) 6 Products, sensitivity and designation . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Example of a test report 16

Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENTTC 138 'Non-destructive testing', the Secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. The EN 571 series of European Standards comprises the following Parts:

EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing - penetrant testing - Part 1 : General principles EN 571-2 Non-destructive testing - penetrant testing - Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials EN 571-3 Non-destructive testing - penetrant testing - Part 3: Reference test blocks

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of the relevant EU Directives. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, and conflicting standards withdrawn, by July 1997 at the latest. In accordance with the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.


EN 571-1 11997

1 Scope

Th is standard de f i nes a method o f penetrant t e s t i n g used t o de tec t d i scon t in - u i t i e s , e.g. cracks, laps, fo lds, po ros i t y and lack of fusion, which a re open t o t h e sur face o f t h e ma te r ia l t o be tested. I t i s ma in l y app l i ed t o m e t a l l i c mate- r i a l s , b u t can a l s o be performed on other mater ia ls , prov ided t h a t they are iner t t o the t e s t media and they are not excess ive ly porous. Examples o f which are cast ings, forg ings, welds, ceramics, etc.

Th is standard i s n o t intended t o be used f o r acceptance c r i t e r i a and g ives no i n fo rma t ion r e l a t i n g t o the s u i t a b i l i t y o f i n d i v i d u a l t e s t systems f o r s p e c i f i c a p p l i c a t i o n s nor requirements f o r t e s t equipment.

The term " d i s c o n t i n u i t y " i s used here i n the sense t h a t no eva lua t ion concerning acceptabi 1 ity o r non-acceptabi 1 i t y i s included.

Methods f o r determin ing and mon i to r ing the essen t ia l p r o p e r t i e s o f penetrant t e - s t i n g products t o be used are spec i f ied i n EN 571-2 and EN 571-3.

2 Normative references

This-European Standard incorporates by dated o r undated reference, p rov is lons from othe r pub l i ca t ions . These normative references a re c i t e d a t the appropr ia te p laces i n the t e x t and the pub l i ca t i ons are l i s t e d hereaf te r . For dated r e f e r - ences, subsequent amendments t o o r rev is ions o f any o f these pub l i ca t i ons apply t o t h i s European Standard o n l y when incorporated i n i t by amendmemt o r rev is ion . For undated references the l a t e s t e d i t i o n o f the p u b l i c a t i o n r e f e r r e d t o a p p l i - es.

EN 473 Q u a l i f i c a t i o n and c e r t i f i c a t i o n o f NDT personnel - General p r i n c i p l e s

prEN 571-2 Non-destruct ive t e s t i n g - Penetrant t e s t i n g - Par t 2: Test ing o f penetrant mater ia ls1)

prEN 571-3 Non-destructive t e s t i n g - Penetrant t e s t l n g - Par t 3: Reference t e s t blocks1)

prEN 956 Non-destruct ive t e s t i n g - Penetrant t e s t i n g - Equipment prEN 1330-6 Non-destruct ive t e s t i n g - Terminology - P a r t 6: Terms used i n

penetrant systems')

prEN 1956 Non-destruct ive t e s t i n g - Penetrant t e s t i n g and magnetic p a r t i c l e t e s t i n g - Viewing condi t ions')

3 Def in i t i ons

For the purposes o f t h i s standard the d e f i n i t i o n s o f prEN 1330-6 apply.

I) I n p repara t i on


EN 571-1 11997

4 Safety precautions

As penetrant inspecf ion techniques o f ten requ i re the use o f harmful, flamnable and/or v o l a t i l e mater ia ls , c e r t a i n precautions s h a l l be taken.

Prolonged o r repeated contact o f these mater ia ls w i t h the sk in o r any mucous membrane should be avoided.

Working areas sha l l be adequately v e n t i l a t e d and s i t e d away from sources of heat, sparks and naked flames i n accordance w i t h l o c a l regulat ions.

The penetrant t e s t i n g products and equipment s h a l l be used w i t h care and always i n compliance w i t h the i n s t r u c t i o n s supplied by the manufacturer.

When using U F A sources, care sha l l be taken t o ensure t h a t u n f i l t e red rad ia- t i o n from the UV-A source does no t d i r e c t l y reach the eyes o f the operators. Whether i t forms an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f the lamp o r i s a separate component, the UV-A f i l t e r sha l l always be maintained i n good condi t ion.

There are l e g i s l a t i o n and regu la t ion regarding heal th , safety , p o l l u t i o n and storage, e t c .

5 General p r i n c i p l e s

5.1 Personnel

The examination sha l l be ca r r i ed out o r supervised by competent personnel and, i f required, q u a l i f i e d and c e r t i f i e d according t o EN 473 o r t o a system agreed upon by the cont rac t ing par t ies .

5.2 Descr ip t ion o f the method

P r i o r t o penetrant t e s t i n g the surface t o be inspected sha l l be cleaned and dried. Then su i tab le penetrants a re app l ied t o the t e s t area and en te r i n t o d i s - c o n t i n u i t i e s open t o the surface. A f t e r the appropr ia te penet ra t ion t ime has elapsed the excess penetrant i s removed from the surface and the developer ap- p l ied . This absorbs the penetrant t h a t has entered and remains i n the d iscont in - u i t i e s and may g i ve a c l e a r l y v i s i b l e enhanced i n d i c a t i o n o f the d i scon t inu i t y .

Should complementary non-destructive t e s t i n g be requi red the penetrant inspect - i o n sha l l be performed f i r s t unless agreed upon between the con t rac t i ng p a r t i e s so as no t t o introduce contaminants i n t o open d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s . I f penetrant i n - spection i s used fo l l ow ing another non-destructive t e s t i n g technique, the suf- face s h a l l be cleaned c a r e f u l l y t o remove contaminants before app l i ca t ion .

5.3 Process sequence

The sequence o f operations i s i l l u s t r a t e d f o r the general case i n Annex A.


EN 571-1 11997

Test ing genera l ly proceeds through the fo l l ow ing stages:

a ) preparat ion and prec leaning (see subclause 8.2); b) app l i ca t i on o f penetrant (see subclause 8.3) ; c ) excess penetrant (see subclause 8.4) ;

d) app l i ca t i on o f developer (see subclause 8.5); e ) inspect ion (see subclause 8.6) ; f ) record ing (see subclause 8.7) ; g) postcleaning (see subclause 8.8).

remova 1

5.4 Equipment

The equipment f o r ca r ry ing out penetrant t e s t i n g depends on the number, s i ze and shape o f the p a r t s t o be tested. For the requirements o f equipment, see EN 956.

5.5 Ef fect iveness

The ef fect iveness o f the penetrant t e s t i n g depends upon many fac to rs such as:

a) types o f penetrant ma te r ia l s and t e s t i n g equipment b ) surface prepara t ion and condi t i o n c ) mater ia l under examination and expected d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s d) temperature o f the t e s t surface e ) penet ra t ion and development t ime f ) viewing condi t ions,

etc.

6 Products, s e n s i t i v i t y and des ignat ion

6.1 Product f am i l y

Various t e s t systems e x i s t in penetrant tes t ing .

A product fami ly i s understood as a combination o f t h e fo l l ow ing penetrant t e s t i n g mater ia ls : Penetrant, excess penetrant remover and developer. When type tes ted i n accordance w i t h prEN 571-2 the penetrant and excess penetrant remover s h a l l be from one manufacturer. Only approved product f a m i l i e s s h a l l be used.


EN 571-1 :1997

6.2 Test ing products

The t e s t i n g products a re given i n t a b l e 1.

Table 1: Test ing products

Penetrant

I

I I

I I I

~ ~ ~~

Denomi na t i on

F1 uorescent pene t ran t

Colour con- t r a s t pene- t ran t

Dual purpos ( f luorescen co lour con- t r a s t pene- t r a n t )

Excess penetrant remover

Method

~~

Denomi na t i on

Water

L i p o p h i l i c emu 1 s i f i e r 1 Oil-based

2 Rins ing emul s i f i e r

w i t h run- n ing water

Solvent ( 1 i qu id )

Hydrophi 1 i c emul s i f i e r 1 Optional

p re r inse (water )

2 e m u l s i f i e r (water-di - 1 uted)

3 F ina l r i n s e (water)

Water and sol vent

Form

Deve1 Oper

~ ~

Denomination

Water sol ubi e

Water suspendabl e

Solvent-based (non-aqueous wet)

Water o r sol vent based f o r special app l i ca t i on (e.g. pealable de- l Oper)

NOTE: For s p e c i f i c cases, i t i s necessary t o use penetrant t e s t i n g product complying w i t h p a r t i c u l a r requirements w i t h regards t o f l amnab i l i t y , s u l f u r , halogen and sodium content and other contaminants, see prEN 571-2.


EN 571-1 11997

6.3 S e n s i t i v i t y

The s e n s i t i v i t y l e v e l o f a product fami ly sha l l be determined using reference b lock 1 as described i n prEN 571-3. The assessed leve l always r e f e r t o the method used f o r type t e s t i n g o f the approved product family.

6.4 Designation

The approved product f am i l y t o be used f o r penetrant t e s t i n g i s g iven a des ig- na t ion comprising the type, the method and the form f o r the t e s t i n g products and a f i g u r e which ind ica tes the s e n s i t i v i t y l eve l achieved by t e s t i n g w i t h the r e - ference b lock 1 as described' in! EN 571-3.

EXAMPLE: Designation o f an approved product fami ly comprising f o r a f luorescent penetrant ( I ) , water as excess penetrant remover ( A ) and a d ry powder developer (a) and a system s e n s i t i v i t y o f l e v e l 2 i s the fo l l ow ing penetrant t e s t i n g system when us ing EN 571-1 and prEN 572-2 g i v i n g the example: product f a m i l y EN 571-1-IAa-2.

7 C o m p a t i b i l i t y of t e s t i n g ma te r ia l s w i t h the p a r t ( s ) t o be tes ted

7.1 General

The penetrant t e s t i n g products s h a l l be compatible w i t h the mater ia l t o be t e s t - ed and the use f o r which the p a r t i s designed.

7.2 Compatibi 1 i t y o f penetrant t e s t i n g products

The penetrant t e s t i n g ma te r ia l s o f a system sha l l be compatible w i t h each other.

Penetrant ma te r ia l s f rom d i f f e r e n t manufacturers s h a l l no t be mixed du r ing the i n i t i a l f i l l i n g o f the f a c i l i t y . Dragout losses sha l l not be replaced us ing pene t ran t ma te r ia l s f r o m d i f f e r e n t manufacturers.

7.3 Compat ib i l i t y o f penetrant t e s t i n g ma te r ia l s w i t h p a r t s under examination

7.3.1 by means o f t he corros ion t e s t de ta i l ed i n prEN 571-2.

I n most cases the c o m p a t i b i l i t y o f products can be assessed p r i o r t o use

7.3.2 The chemical o r phys ica l p roper t ies o f some non-metal l ics can be adverse- l y a f f e c t e d by penetrant t e s t i n g mater ia ls , t h e i r c o m p a t i b i l i t y has t o be estab- l i s h e d be fore inspec t ing p a r t s manufactured from, and assemblies t h a t inc lude, such mater ia ls .

7.3.3 I n s i t u a t i o n s where contamination might occur i t i s essent ia l t o ensure t h a t the penetrant t e s t i n g ma te r ia l s do no t have a de le te r ious e f f e c t on fue ls , 1 u b r i cants, hydraul i c f 1 u ids, etc.

7.3.4 F o r p a r t s associated w i t h peroxide rocket f ue l , exp los ive s tores (these inc lude a l 1 i tems conta in ing explos ive p rope l l an t , i n i t i a t i n g o r pyrotechnic m a t e r i a l s ) , oxygen equipment o r nuclear app l i ca t i ons the c o m p a t i b i l i t y o f pene- t r a n t t e s t i n g m a t e r i a l s sha l l requ i re specia l consideration.

7.3.5 If, a f t e r postcleaning, penetrant t e s t i n g ma te r ia l s remain on the p a r t s there i s a p o s s i b i l i t y o f corros ion, e. g. o f s t ress cor ros ion o r of cor ros ion fa t igue.


EN 571-1 1997

8 Test procedure

8.1 Wr i t t en t e s t procedure

When cont rac tua l l y requi red proved p r i o r t o the examination.

8.2 Preparat ion and precleaning

w r i t t t s t procedure sha l l be repared and ap-

Contaminants, e. g. scale, rust, o i l , grease o r p a i n t sha l l be removed, i f necessary using mechanical o r chemical methods o r a combination o f these methods. Precleaning s h a l l ensure t h a t the t e s t surface i s f r e e from residues and t h a t i t a l lows the penetrant t o enter any d iscont inu i ty . The cleaned area s h a l l be la rge enough t o prevent in te r fe rence from areas adjacent t o the ac tua l t e s t surface.

8.2.1 Mechani c a l p rec l eaning -

Scale, slag, r u s t , etc., sha l l be removed using su i tab le methods such as brushing, rubbing, abrasion, b las t ing , h igh pressure water b las t i ng , etc. These methods remove contaminants from the surface and genera l ly a re incapable o f r e - moving contaminants from w i t h i n surface d i scon t inu i t i es . I n a l l cases and i n p a r t i c u l a r i n t h e case o f shot b las t ing , care sha l l be taken t o ensure t h a t the d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s a re no t masked by p l a s t i c deformation o r c logging from abrasive mater ia ls . I f necessary, t o ensure t h a t d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s a re open t o the surface subsequent e tch ing t rea tmen t sha l l be ca r r i ed out, fo l lowed by adequate r i n s i n g and drying.

8.2.2 Chemical p r e c l eani ng

Chemical prec leaning s h a l l be car r ied out using su i tab le chemical c leaning agents, t o remove residues such as grease, o i l , p a i n t o r e tch ing mater ia ls .

Residues f r o m chemical precleaning processes can react w i t h penetrant and great - l y reduce i t s s e n s i t i v i t y . Acids and chromates i n p a r t i c u l a r can g r e a t l y reduce the f luorescence o f f luorescent penetrants and the co lour o f the co lour cont ras t penetrant. Therefore, chemical agents s h a l l be removed f rom the sur face under examination, a f t e r the cleaning process, us ing su i tab le c leaning methods which may inc lude water r ins ing .

8.2.3 Drying

As the f i n a l stage o f precleaning, the p a r t s t o be tested sha l l be thoroughly d r ied , so t h a t n e i t h e r water nor solvent remains i n the d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s .

8.3 App l i ca t i on o f penetrant

8.3.1 Methods o f app l i ca t i on

The penetrant can be app l ied t o the p a r t t o be tes ted by spraying, brushing, f lood ing , d ipp ing o r imnersion.

Care s h a l l be taken t o ensure t h a t the t e s t surface remains completely wetted throughout the e n t i r e penetrat ion t i m e .


EN 571-1 11997

8.3.2 Tempera t u re

I n order t o min imize moisture en ter ing d i scon t inu t i es , the temperature o f the t e s t surface s h a l l genera l ly be w i t h i n the range from 10 O C t o 50 O C . I n special cases temperatures as low as 5 O C may be used.

F o r temperatures below 10 O C or above 50 O C on ly penetrant product f a m i l i e s and procedures approved i n accordance w i t h prEN 571-2 f o r t h i s purpose sha l l be used.

NOTE: Espec ia l l y i n the low temperature range there i s a danger o f water condensing i n the d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s and on the surfaces, and t h i s water w i l l prevent the penetrant from enter ing the d i scon t inu i t i es .

8.3.3 Penetrt ion t ime

The appropr ia te penetrat ion t i m e depends on the p roper t i es of the penetrant, the app l i ca t i on temperature, the mater ia l o f the p a r t t o be tes ted and the discon- t i n u i t i e s t o be detected.

The penet ra t ion t ime can vary from 5 min t o 60 min. The penet ra t ion t i m e should be a t l eas t as long as the t ime used f o r the determinat ion o f s e n s i t i v i t y (see 6.3) i f no t the ac tua l penetrat ion t ime s h a l l be recorded i n the w r i t t e n t e s t procedure. I n no case sha l l the penetrant be al lowed t o d ry dur ing the penetrat - ion t ime .

8.4 Excess penetrant removal

8.4.1 General

The app l i ca t i on o f the remover medium s h a l l be such t h a t no penetrant i s removed f r o m the d i scon t inu i t i es .

8.4.2 Water

The excess penetrant sha l l be removed using a s u i t a b l e r i n s i n g technique. Examples: spray r i n s i n g o r wip ing w i th a damp c lo th. Care s h a l l be taken t o m i - nimize the e f f e c t o f mechanical a c t i o n caused by the r i n s i n g method. The temper- a tu re o f the water sha l l n o t exceed 50 O C .

8.4.3 Solvents

Generally, the excess penetrant s h a l l be removed f i r s t by us ing a c lean l i n t - f r e e c lo th . Subsequent c leaning w i t h a clean l i n t - f r e e c l o t h l i g h t l y moistened w i t h so lvent sha l l then be ca r r i ed out. Any o ther removal technique sha l l be approved by the cont rac t ing p a r t i e s p a r t i c u l a r l y when so lvent remover i s sprayed d i r e c t l y on t o the p a r t t o be tested.

8.4.4 Emu ls i f i e r

8.4.4.1 Hydroph i l i c (water-d i lu tab le)

To a l l o w the pos t -emuls i f iab le penetrant t o be removed f r o m the t e s t surface, i t sha l l be rendered water r i nsab le by a p p l i c a t i o n o f an e m u l s i f i e r . B e f o r e the ap- p l i c a t i o n o f the emu ls i f i e r , a water wash should be performed i n o rder t o remove the bu lk o f the excess penetrant f rom the t e s t surface and t o f a c i l i t a t e a un i - form ac t i on of the hyd roph i l i c e m u l s i f i e r which w i l l be app l ied subsequently.


EN 571-1 11997

The emu ls i f i e r sha l l be appl ied by imnersion o r by foam equipment. The concen- t r a t i o n and the contact t ime o f the emulsf ier sha l l be evaluated by the user through pre- tes ts according t o the manufacturer 's i ns t ruc t i on . The predetermined emu ls i f i e r contact t ime sha l l not be exceeded. A f t e r emu ls i f i ca t i on , a f i n a l wash sha l l be c a r r i e d out as described i n 8.4.2.

8.4.4.2 Lipophi 1 i c ( o i 1 -based)

To a l l ow the pos t emuls i f iab le penetrant t o be removed f r o m the t e s t surface, i t sha l l be rendered water-r insable by app l i ca t i on o f an emuls i f ie r . This can only be done by im-mersion. The emu ls i f i e r contact t ime s h a l l be evaluated by the user through pre- tes ts according t o the manufacturer's i ns t ruc t i on .

This t ime s h a l l be s u f f i c i e n t t o a l l ow on ly the excess penetrant t o be removed f r o m the t e s t surface dur ing the subsequent water wash. The emuls i fy ing t i m e sha l l no t be exceeded. Imnediately a f t e r emuls i f i ca t ion , a water wash s h a l l be ca r r i ed out as described i n 8.4.2.

8.4.5 Water and solvent

F i r s t the excess water washable penetrant sha l l be removed w i t h water (see 8.4.2). Subsequent cleaning w i t h a clean l i n t - f r e e c lo th , l i g h t l y moistened, w i t h so lvent s h a l l be then ca r r i ed out.

8.4.6 Excess penetrant removal check

During excess penetrant removal the t e s t surface sha l l be v i s u a l l y checked f o r penetrant residues. For f luorescent penetrants, t h i s sha l l be ca r r i ed ou t under a UV-A source. The minimum UV-A i r rad iance a t the t e s t surface s h a l l not be less than 3 W/m2 (300 pW/cmz).

When fac ing excessive background on p a r t s a f t e r excess penetrant removal has been ca r r i ed out, the dec is ion on f u t u r e ac t i on sha l l be taken by a s u i t a b l y qual i f i ed person.

8.4.7 Drying

I n order t o f a c i l i t a t e rap id dry ing o f excess water , any d rop le ts and puddles o f w a t e r sha l l be removed f rom the part.

Except when us ing water-based developer the t e s t surface sha l l be d r i e d as qu ick l y as poss ib le a f t e r excess penetrant removal, using one o f the fo l l ow ing methods :

a) wip ing w i t h a clean, dry, l i n t - f r e e c l o t h b ) evaporation a t ambient temperature a f t e r hot water d i p c ) evaporation a t elevated temperature d) forced a i r c i r c u l a t i o n e) a combination o f the methods l i s t e d under a) t o d).

I f compressed a i r i s used, p a r t i c u l a r care sha l l be taken t o ensure t h a t i t i s water- and o i l - f r e e and impinging pressure on the surface o f the p a r t i s kept as low as poss ib le .

The method o f d ry ing the p a r t t o be tes ted sha l l be ca r r i ed ou t i n a way ensuring t h a t the penetrant entrapped i n the d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s does no t dry.

The surface temperature sha l l not exceed 50 O C dur ing d ry ing unless otherwise approved.


1 EN 571-1 11997

8.5 App l ica t ion o f developer

8.5.1. General

The developer sha l l be maintained i n a un i form cond i t i on du r ing use and sha l l be evenly app l ied t o the t e s t surface.

The app l i ca t i on o f the developer s h a l l be c a r r i e d out as soon as poss ib le a f t e r the revomal o f excess penetrant.

8.5.2 Dry powder

Dry powder may on ly be used w i t h f luorescent penetrants. The developer sha l l be uni formly app l ied t o the t e s t sur face by one o f the fo l l ow ing techniques: dust storm, e l e c t r o s t a t i c spraying, f l o c k gun, f l u i d i z e d bed o r storm cabinet. The t e s t surface sha l l be t h i n l y covered; l oca l agglomerations are no t permitted.

8.5.3 Water-suspendab1 e deve1 Oper

A t h i n un i form app l i ca t i on o f the developer s h a l l be c a r r i e d ou t by imnersion i n ag i ta ted suspension o r by spraying w i t h su i tab le equipment i n accordance w i t h the approved procedure. Imnersion t ime and temperature o f the developper sha l l be evaluated by the user through pre- tes ts according t o the manufacturer 's i n - s t ruct ion. The imnersion time be as shor t as poss ib le t o ensure optimum resu l ts .

The p a r t s h a l l be d r i e d by evaporation and/or by the use o f a fo rced a i r c i r - cu la t i on oven.

8.5.4 Solvent-based developer

The developer sha l l be app l ied by spraying uni formly. The spray s h a l l be such tha t the developer a r r i v e s s l i g h t l y wet on the surface, g i v i n g a t h i n , uniform 1 ayer.

8.5.5 Water so lub le developer

A t h i n un i form app l i ca t i on o f the developer s h a l l be c a r r i e d ou t by imnersion o r by spraying w i t h su i tab le equipment i n accordance w i t h the approved procedure. Imnersion t ime and temperature o f the developper s h a l l be evaluated by the user through pre- tes ts according t o the manufacturer 's i n s t r u c t i o n . The i m - mersion time should be as shor t as poss ib le t o ensure an optimum r e s u l t .

The p a r t s h a l l be d r i e d by evaporation and/or by the use o f a fo rced a i r c i r c u - l a t i o n oven.

8.5.6 Water o r so lvent based f o r specia l a p p l i c a t i o n (e.g. peelab le developer)

When an i n d i c a t i o n t h a t needs t o be recorded i s shown w i t h the penetrant i n - spection process the f o l lowing procedure s h a l l be used:

- Wipe-off developer w i t h a clean, dry, l i n t - f r e e c lo th . - Apply the same penetrant by any convenient means, then f o l l o w exac t l y the

same process as i n i t i a l l y used, up t o a p p l i c a t i o n o f the developer.


EN 571-1 11997

- A f t e r excess penetrant removal and dry ing o f the p a r t , apply the peelable

- When the recmended development t ime has elapsed, c a r e f u l l y peel o f f the developer as recommended by the manufacturer.

developer coating. I nd i ca t i on (s ) appear(s) on the face o f the coating which was i n d i r e c t contact wi th the pa r t .

8.5.7 Development t ime

The development t i m e should be between 10 min and 30 min, longer times may be agreed between the contract ing pa r t i es .

The development t i m e begins

- immediately a f t e r a p p l i c a t i o n when d r y developer i s appl ied - immediately a f t e r dry ing when w e t developer i s appl ied.

8.6 Inspect ion

8.6.1 General

Generally, i t i s advisable t o ca r ry out the f i r s t examination j u s t a f t e r the ap- p l i c a t i o n o f the developer o r as soon as the developer i s dry. This f a c i l i t a t e s a b e t t e r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f i nd i ca t i ons .

The f i n a l inspect ion sha l l be c a r r i e d out when the development t i m e has elapsed.

Aids f o r v isual examination, such as magn i f i ca t i on instruments o r cont rast spectacles, can be used.

NOTE: The diameter, width o r i n t e n s i t y o f the i n d i c a t i o n provide l i m i t e d information.

8.6.2 Viewing condi t ions

8.6.2.1 Fluorescent penetrants

Photochromatic spectacles s h a l l not be worn.

S u f f i c i e n t t i m e s h a l l be al lowed f o r the operator 's eyes t o become dark adapted, i n the inspect ion booth, usua l l y a t l e a s t 5 min.

UV r a d i a t i o n sha l l not be d i rec ted i n the opera to r ' s eyes. A l l surfaces which can be viewed by the operators s h a l l not f luoresce.

No paper o r c l o t h which f luoresces under UV l i g h t sha l l be i n s i g h t o f the operator.

A UV-A background l i g h t i n g may be provided, i f necessary, t o a l l ow the operator t o move f r e e l y i n s i d e the booth.


EN 571-1 11997

The t e s t sur face s h a l l be viewed under a UV-A r a d i a t i o n source, i n accordance w i t h prEN 1956. The UV-A i r rad iance a t the surface inspected s h a l l no t be l ess than 10 W/mZ (1000 pW/unz).

The statements above s h a l l apply t o inspect ions i n darkened rooms where the v i s i b l e l i g h t i s l i m i t e d t o a maximum of 20 lx.

8.6.2.2 Colour cont ras t penetrants

The t e s t surface s h a l l be inspected under d a y l i g h t o r under a r t i f i c i a l wh i te l i g h t w i t h an i l l uminance o f no t l e s s than 500 lx on the surface o f the tes ted par t . l h e v iewing cond i t ions s h a l l be such t h a t g l a r e and r e f l e c t i o n s a re avoided.

8.7 Recording

Recording may be done by any of t he fo l l ow ing methods

a) w r i t t e n desc r ip t i on b) sketch c ) adhesive tape d) peelable developer e) photograph f) photocopy g) v ideo

0.8 Postc leaning and p r o t e c t i o n

8.8.1 Postc leaning

A f t e r f i n a l inspect ion, postc leaning o f the p a r t i s necessary on l y i n those cases where the penetrant t e s t i n g products could i n t e r f e r e w i t h subsequent pro- cessing o r serv ice requirements.

8.8.2 Protect ion

If requ i red a s u i t a b l e cor ros ion p r o t e c t i o n s h a l l be appl ied.

0.9 Retes t ing

I f r e t e s t i n g i s necessary, e. g. because no unambiguous eva lua t ion o f i nd i ca - t i o n s i s poss ib le , t he e n t i r e t e s t procedure, s t a r t i n g w i t h the precleaning, s h a l l be repeated.

I f necessary, more favourable t e s t cond i t ions s h a l l be chosen f o r t h i s p ro- cedure. The use o f a d i f f e r e n t type o f penetrant o r a penetrant o f the same type from a d i f f e r e n t supp l i e r i s no t a l lowed unless a thorough c leaning has been c a r r i e d o u t t o remove penetrant residues remaining i n the d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s .


EN 571-1 11997

9 Test repo r t

The t e s t repo r t s h a l l conta in the fo l low ing in fo rmat ion w i t h reference t o t h i s standard :

a) in fo rmat ion on the p a r t tested - des ignat ion - dimensions - mate r ia l - surface cond i t ion - produc t ion stage

b) purpose o f t e s t i n g

c) des ignat ion o f the penetrant system used, as spec i f i ed i n subclause 6.4, g i v i n g the manufacturer 's name and product designat ion as we l l as the batch number

d) t e s t i n s t r u c t i o n s

e) dev ia t i ons from the t e s t i ns t ruc t i ons

f ) t e s t r e s u l t s (desc r ip t i on o f d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s detected)

g) t e s t loca t ion , date o f t es t i ng , name o f the operator

h) name, c e r t i f i c a t i o n and s ignature o f the t e s t supervisor.

The layout of a form tha t can be used f o r the t e s t repo r t i s g iven i n Annex B. I t sha l l inc lude a l l the d e t a i l s r e l a t i n g t o the method which are impor tant f o r the evaluat ion of the t e s t resu l ts , and add i t iona l in format ion r e l a t i n g t o the pa r t s t o be tested, al though t h i s data should be modif ied, as appropr ia te, de- pending on the type o f pa r t . I f another form i s used i t sha l l con ta in a l l the in format ion d e t a i l e d i n i tems a) t o h).

The t e s t repo r t may be omi t ted i f a t e s t procedure f u l f i l l i n g the requirements o f subclause 8.1 i s submitted, conta in ing the in fo rmat ion mentioned i n c lause 9 from a) t o d ) and i f the in format ion under e) t o h) are documented i n an appro- p r i a t e manner.


EN 571-1 11997

A N N E X A (normative)

Main stages o f the penetrant examination

P r e a r a t i o n and rec lean in I Apply wate r- washable pene- t r a n t and a l low

J contac; time I

Apply post-eml- s i f i a b l e pene- r-l t r a n t and a l l ow Apply so lvent removable pene- t r a n t and a l l ow I contac; t ime I I contac; t ime

1 I

Apply l i p o p h i l i

a l 1 ow contact

emu ls i f i e r and

1 I I 1 Excess penetrant remover check I I

sol ub l e

I

I Dry I I

Apply water suspendable deve1 Oper

I I A l l o w t o d ry I I

I I Development t i m e I inspect I

I Clean I Protect i f requi red 1

I

I I


EN 571-1 1997

A N N E X B ( informa t i ve)

Example o f a t e s t repor t

Test repo r t

Company name: Departments :

Project : Comnissioned by: Comnission orer no.:

Reference No.: Subreference No.:

Penetrant t e s t i ng T e s t repor t no.: Sheet o f - sheets

Parts: Manufacturing no. : Drawing no,:

~~

Par t t o be tested: f u r t h e r d e t a i l s , e. 9.:

Dimensions: Weld no.: Sheet no.:

Material : Cast no.: Model no.: Surface condi t ion: Heat treatment condi t i o n : Pretreatment :

Weld p lan no.: Test fol low-up p lan no.:

U n i t no.: Par t no.:

Test i n s t r u c t i on : (e. g. spec i f i ca t ion , t e s t d i r e c t i o n , d e l i v e r y cond i t ion) Scope o f tes t ing :

Penetrant system Designa t i on : ( fu r the r d e t a i l s , e. g. f r e e f r o m cor ros ive cons t i -

Manufac t u r e f : Product des ignat ion

tuents, i n accordance w i t h EN 571-2)

Penetrant : .Batch no.: Excess penetrant remover: Batch no.: Developer: Batch no,:

Procedure Te s t tempe r a t u r e : Excess penetrant removal ( f u r t h e r d e t a i l s , e. g. a n t i - Precl eani ng : Emu 1 s i f y i ng t ime : Drying: Drying: Penetrat ion time: Deve1 opmen t t i m e :

Postcl eani ng: Deviat ions f r o m the t e s t i ns t ruc t i ons : Deviat ions from EN 571-1:

cor ros ive agents):

Test resu l t s : (e. g. f o r d i scon t inu i t i es : d e t a i l s o f loca t ion , types, d i s t r i b u t i o n s , sizes and number: sketch)

Test loca t ion : T e s t date: Operator 's name: ~ ~~ ~

Eva1 u a t i on acceptable: ( i n accordance w i t h t e s t i ns t ruc t i ons ) : Rema r k s :

non acceptable:

Test supervisor: C e r t i f i c a t i o n : Date: Signature : o r Comnissioner/expert: Date: Signature :

Test house: Date: Signature : o r


Documents

En 571-1_Penetrent Testing