Energy audit in Building Sectorin Japan

JICA Study Team

Meaning of energy audit in EE&C

PDCA cycle in EE&C

Plan

Do

Check

Action

By energy audit, specialists supportformulation of EE&C improvement plan.

Formulation of EE&C improvement plan

Implementation of EE&C improvementplan, education

Checking of EE&C improvement plan

Review of EE&C improvement plan

Level classification of energy audit

2nd audit

1st

audit

MeasurementExpert ofenergyaudit

The contents inquestion are clarifiedin detail.

Completion drawingO & M daybookVisual check by walk throughInterview

Civilengineer

When there is aproblem in energyconsumed, it is shownclearly in whichsection there is anyproblem.

Interim- audit

Energy consumptionAccount ledgersCompletion drawing

Buildingmanager

Getting energyconsumption of wholebuilding.

Pre- audit

InputPerformerPurposeLevel

Procedure of energy audit

1. Energy consumption

2.Audit from construction fieldOutline of constructionEnvelope

3. Audit from facility fieldSpecification of facilities

4. Audit from O & M fieldPreset temperatureStatus of use of energy

5. Counter measuresCost and benefit

6. ConclusionIntroduction scenario

2.Audit from construction fieldHeat transmissionDraft loss

3. Audit from facility fieldMeasurement

1st audit

2nd audit (if necessary)

O & M: Operation & Management

There are 1st audit without measurement and 2nd

audit accompanied by measurement in Japan.Usually energy audit is finished only as 1st audit.

Why don't we measure in Japan?

The cost for energy audit increases.The time for energy audit become long.The operational status of facilities of abuilding when measuring may differ fromusual it.(e.g. By abnormal climate, the numberwhich operates air-conditioning equipentdiffers from usual it.)

Visualization(an amount of energy can be numericallyseen).The data of a short time interval is obtained.(e.g. from monthly electric powerconsumption to electric power consumptionper minutes)The data for every use is obtained.(e.g. from whole building energyconsumption to energy consumption of eachenergy use)

Disadvantages of measuringAdvantages of measuring

Because that the cost for audit increases and the time for audit become long, it isimportant to sort out and measure really required data.

Supplemental information

Supplemental data-Without measuring, the data obtained from field is utilized.

Supposition-Without measuring, the information guessed based on the data obtained from field isutilized

It is not supplemented by supposition also by supplemental data, either but onlyimportant information is measured.

Supplemental data1-field instruments

Picture1 Control panel of ChillerTemp preset of chiller

Picture2 Piping around ChillerTemp, press of Chilled waterTemp, press of Cooling water

Picture3 Control panel of AHUON/OFF status, current valueof AHU

Many meters are installed at the spot of field.Moreover, the name of the parameter of each meter is shown by name plate etc.(such as )

Many information can be acquired only by taking a photograph.

Supplemental data2-O＆M DaybookYYYY/MM/DD Weather Name of checker

Temp Press Temp Press Temp Press Temp Press Temp(℃) (MPa) (℃) (MPa) (℃) (MPa) (℃) (MPa) (℃) (MPa) (℃) (％)

9:0011:3013:3017:0020:00

Temp: TemperatureStart time HH:MM HH:MM Press: PressureStop time HH:MM HH:MMTime inoperation

HH:MM HH:MM

Smokedensity

Record of operationToday end valueGas consumption(m3)

Return Press Temp ofexhaust air

yestaerday end value

Hour Send Return SendChilled water/ Heating water Cooling water Boiler

today consumption

Fig.1 Example of O & M daybook of chillerInformation on the spot of field is recorded. ( every day, several times per day)

Usually in Japan, record of Operation & Management is taken by operator.Although Fig. 1 shows the example of chiller, it usually has record of the electric energy ofreceive electric power, time in operation and current value of AHU, etc.

Many information is acquired only by borrowing O & M daybook of the quantity for one year.

Supplemental data3- BEMSPeriod From 2010.Jan 1th to 2010.Feb 1th

Name of Pint TR-1 S_W RB-1 S_W RB-2 S_WRB-3 S_WUnit ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃ ℃2010 Jan 1th 0:00 16.8 55.1 50.1 5.92010 Jan 1th 0:01 16.7 56.8 50.2 5.82010 Jan 1th 0:02 16.8 56.0 50.0 5.82010 Jan 1th 0:03 16.9 56.1 50.0 6.22010 Jan 1th 0:04 16.8 55.0 49.9 5.42010 Jan 1th 0:05 17.0 55.9 50.0 6.22010 Jan 1th 0:06

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1st Dec

3rdDec

5thDec

7thDec

9thDec

11thDec

13thDec

15thDec

17thDec

19thDec

21stDec

23rdDec

25thDec

27thDec

29thDec

31stDec

Day

Electricpower

consum

ption(kW

h)

All day

DaytimeNight

Fig.2 Example data of BEMSShorter time interval record than by O & M daybook.Extraction of data is possible. (e.g. Excel file format)

Fig.3 Example data of BEMSThe data stored can be displayed in a graph.

Usually in Japan, BEMS is introduced into the large-scale building in many cases.Since BEMS is usually collecting the data on 10,000 or more points, it is recording ON/OFFstatus of equipment and the amount of consumption of electric power and gas, the temperatureof each area, etc.

Many information is acquired only by getting the data saved at BEMS.

Where should field instruments beinstalled?

Voltage

meter

Currentm

eter

Watthourm

eter

Hourm

eter

Volum

em

eter

Tem

peratureindicator

Pressureindicator

Flowvolum

eindicator

Volum

em

eter

Tem

peratureindicator

Pressureindicator

Flowvolum

eindicator

Volum

em

eter

Hum

idityindicator

Waterlevelindicator

CO

2concentration

meter

Smoke

consentrationm

eter

Counterm

eter

Turbo chiller ○ ○ ● ○(Cooler) ● ●(Condensor) ● ●

Absorption chiller ○ ○ ○ ●(Absorber) ● ●(High temperature regenerator) ● ●(Cooling water) ● ●

Cooling tower ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Steam boiler ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○Hot water boiler ○ ○ ○ ● ● ● ○ ○Hotwell ●Steam header ● ○Chilling and warm water header ● ●Heat exchanger(Steam/Water)

Steam side ● ○Water side ● ○ ●

Heat exchanger(Water/Water)Primary side ● ○ ● ○Secondary side ● ○ ● ○

Heat exchanger(High temperature water/Water)High temperature water ● ● ● ●Water side ● ○ ● ○

Pump ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ●Air Handling Unit ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○Air supplying fan ○ ○ ○ ○Total heat exchanger ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Package air- conditioner ○ ○ ● ●Elevator ○ ○ ○ ●Escalator ○ ○ ○

OtherInlet OutletMain unitFig.4 Measuring instrument for energy

management●: Fundamental○: If possibleSource: Abstract from “The energy

management guide of building” (ECCJ)

It is desirable to install field instrumentsabout temperature fundamentally.

But,Who pays installation expense?Who pays the expense of record?

Supposition1- By experience

Fig.5 Example of supposition by experienceUse of building: Sports center in JapanUtilities: 1 Indoor warm water pool

3 Indoor court1 Training room1 conference roomAir condition by absorption chillerHot water supply by water boiler

Energy consumption

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

[MJ]

Electric power

Natural gas

At this building, natural gas is used for hot-water supply and warming of pool, air-conditioning.According to experience,Hot water supply is proportional to the number of visitors. Therefore, the quantity of heat of hot-

water supply is computed by investigating the number of visitors. (In this example, a visitorhardly changes in all year.)

Warming of a pool has relation with the heat dissipation from window. Therefore, the quantity ofheat for warming of pool is computed by investigating the gross area of window and outsidetemperature.

It is considered that the remainder is air-conditioning.

Supposition2- By criterion of judgment

Fig.6 Example of criterion of judgment(Relation of nozzle diameter and amount of steam leak)

If both steam pressure and rough size of the part of steam leakage isknown, the amount of steam leakage is known.

Even if it does not measure the amount of steam leak directly, it canguess by a chart etc.

Noz

zle

diam

eter

Am

ount

ofst

eam

leak

Stea

mpr

essu

re

Flow volume coefficient=1

Such a criterion of judgment is created from the pile of the data ofmeasurement.

Concentration of the data which SABA and IFCO have is desired.