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Energy efficiency of coffee machineStudent: Milan Matošević bacc.ing.sig.
Mentor: dr.sc. Željko Bogdan dipl.ing
Energy efficiency of coffee machine• 1.1. An introduction to the subject area• 1.2. Selection of problem for specialist thesis• 1.3. The objective and tasks of specialist thesis• 1.4. Methods used for specialist thesis• 2.1. First appearance and development of coffee machine through
history• 2.2. Coffee machine principles• 2.3. Number of devices on the EU market • 2.4. Measurement of electric energy consumption• 2.4.1. Measurement methods• 2.4.2. Taking measurements• 2.5. Measures for energy efficiency of coffee machines• 2.5.1. Thermal insulation• 2.6. Legislation concerning the energy efficiency of the coffee
machine• 2.7. Coffee machine energy efficience certification• 3. Conclusion
1.1. An introduction to the subject area
• The development of civilization increases the need for energy
• The biggest revolution in energy use is attributed to the invention of the steam engine
• Oil crisis has show us weakness that brings dependency on one type of energy
• Nuclear power becomes an alternative to oil and gas
• In recent years, we became environmentally conscious, we start to use renewable energy sources, we live in energy-efficient homes, and use products that leave a smaller ecological footprint
• For these motives was created and the rules of "the establishment of requirements for the environmentally friendly design of energy-using products"
„Demand for energy”
1.2. Selection of problem for specialist thesis
• The Presidency Conclusions of the European Council of 8 and 9 March 2007 emphasized the need to increase energy efficiency in the Union to achieve the objective of saving 20% of the Union’s primary energy consumption by 2020 compared to projections.
• Providing accurate, relevant and comparable information on specific energy consumption of products related to energy, end-users should be directed to choose those products that consume less during operation or indirectly result in lower consumption of energy and other resources and thereby encourage producers to take measures to reduce energy consumption and other resource products they produce.
• "The product associated with energy" or "product" means any goods during operation affects the energy consumption and that the EU places on the market and / or put into operation, including parts intended to be incorporated in products related to energy, covered by Directive 2009 / 125 / EC.
1.3. Objective of specialist thesis
• The aim is to show the scope of specialist thesis and the projection of electricity consumption in the future produced by the coffee machines for commercial and home use, and present measures to reduce energy consumption and to thereby functionality and purpose of the coffee machine does not change substantially from the perspective of the end user.
What is coffee machine?2.1. Development through the history
2.2. Coffe machine principles
• „Energy-related product" that finely ground coffee in a time of around 30 seconds under a water pressure of 9 bar and the water temperature at about 90 ° C, through the system of sieves turns into a creamy tasty drink.
Luiggi Bezzera - 1901.Desiderio Pavoni - 1901.Achille Gaggia - 1948Faema E61 - 1961
DIRECTIVE 2009/125/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 21 October 2009establishing a framework for the setting of eco-design requirements for
energy-related products
• This Directive provides for the setting of requirements which the energy-related products covered by implementing measures must fulfil in order to be placed on the market and/or put into service. It contributes to sustainable development by increasing energy efficiency and the level of protection of the environment, while at the same time increasing the security of the energy supply..
• ‘Energy-related product’, (a ‘product’), means any good that has an impact on energy consumption during use which is placed on the market and/or put into service, and includes parts intended to be incorporated into energy-related products covered by this Directive which are placed on the market and/or put into service as individual parts for end-users and of which the environmental performance can be assessed independently.
Article 15
Implementing measures
1. Where a product meets the criteria listed under paragraph 2 of this Article, it shall be covered by an implementing measure or by a self-regulation measure in accordance with paragraph 3(b) of this Article. Such implementing measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Directive by supplementing it, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred to in Article 19(3).
2. The criteria referred to in paragraph 1 are as follows:(a) the product shall represent a significant volume of sales and trade, indicatively more than 200 000 units a year within the Community according to the most recently available figures;(b) the product shall, considering the quantities placed on the market and/or put into service, have a significant environmental impact within the Community, as specified in the Community strategic priorities as set out in Decision No 1600/2002/EC; and(c) the product shall present significant potential for improvement in terms of its environmental impact without entailing excessive costs, taking into account in particular:(i) the absence of other relevant Community legislation or failure of market forces to address the issue properly; and(ii) a wide disparity in the environmental performance of products available on the market with equivalent functionality.
Does espresso coffee machine meets the criteria in paragraph 2 of article 15th?
a) According to GfK more than 18 million coffee machines are sold in EU market every year (source:http://www.topten.eu/uploads/images/upload/075_Eric_Bush_final_paper.pdf ).
b) 3% of the total annual household consumption refers to the consumption of small home coffee machines (S.A.F.E. survey from 2002; household appliances use up to 300 kW / year) – traditional coffee machines consume more than 2200kWh / year.
c) Electrical consumption testing on the coffee machine, for the purpose of this specialist thesis, as well as a number of studies on this subject have shown that there is the potential for energy savings.
2.3. Number of devices on EU market
National markets vary strongly, countries such as Italy, Switzerland and Portugal have a market share of espresso coffee machines with more than 70%On the other hand, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands have representation espresso machines less than 20%Prices of coffee machines are also vary different. The most critical parameters are the type of material used in the preparation, technical capabilities and design. Computerised system including digital displays can greatly increase the cost . Aesthetics seems like an important parameter in the case of selection with more expensive coffee. In general, prices are highest for fully automated technology, as well as innovative design and function.
Sales (in milions) Stocks (in milions)
2010 2012 2015 2020 2025 2010 2012 2015 2020 2025
Filter
9.24
9.26
8.63
6.48
3.14
58.82
57.12
54.50
45.71
29.42
Filter - pad
3.53
3.75
4.09
4.75
5.50
22.70
24.72
26.37
30.45
35.30
Espresso - portioned
3.01
3.77
5.11
7.51
11.04
12.55
18.60
26.91
42.24
62.06
Espresso piston hand operated
1.16
1.04
0.90
0.90
0.90
9.01
8.29
7.32
6.31
6.27
Espresso fully
automatic
0.82
0.90
1.04
1.14
1.26
7.62
8.01
8.78
10.21
11.57
Croatian HabitsIn Croatia, the coffee drinking is almost evenly in all regions. Croatians, even in the early high school days begins with the first cup of coffee, over the years everyone chooses their own kind of coffee that suits him.Even 90 percent of employees regularly consumed hot drinks including hot chocolate and tea. According to data from a marketing campaign that was available to 150 employees in one Croatian telecommunications company provided with fully automatic machine Schaerer Coffee Prime, programmed with free beverages based on coffee and cocoa powder and fresh milk consumption in the two months totaled 20,382 beverage. According to the time consuming beverages during working hours 65% of the coffee drunk in the morning until noon while the other 35% of drinks usually consumed for after lunch.
Coffee consumption in Vipnet d.o.o. (Representative period 2 months)
Macchiato 33%Hot Chocolate 20%Cappuccino 18%Espresso 12%Caffe Latte 11%Espresso Lungo 6%
2.4. Measurement of electric energy consumption2.4.1. Measurements method Voluntary agreements
The standards related to the measurement of energy consumption in coffee machines:
CENEU The European standard applicable to commercial coffee
machines specifically for home use EN 13248: 2002RAL –UZ 136
Germany This standard was developed as a basis for acquiring the criteria for eco-label Dar Blaue Engel. Types of devices covered by this criterion are fully automatic machines, machines to capsules, and espresso makers with portafilter. The measurement method and formula for calculation are taken from EURO-TOPTEN methods.
FEA/CECEDSwitzerland
The development of the new energy labeling in Switzerland demanded the development of standardized and accepted methods of measurement for espresso machines. This program is supervised by the Swiss Federal Energy Agency. Labeling and measurement methods are voluntary but legally implemented. Measurement methods can be applied to all manual and automatic espresso and multi-function devices for making hot drinks.
EURO-TOPTEN & S.A.F.E.Switzerland
EURO-TOPTEN measurement method was developed and first used in Switzerland. The method is applicable to: fully automatic machines, appliances capsules, appliances with water heater. The goal of EURO-TOPTEN methods for measuring the identified total energy consumption (TEC) through the typical use of the device during a year of use.
• Testing standards set out the requirements relating to the production design, construction, performance (energy efficiency and emission of pollutants) safety instructions and labels and provides test methods. It should be noted that in this moment none of the countries of the European Union does not regulate the energy efficiency of the coffee machine and no standards at European level (CEN) relating to the properties (energy efficiency) of coffee machines.
2.4.2. Taking measurementsThe water temperature inside the coffee machine boiler
Intervals of electrical heating element
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000102
104
106
108
110
112
114
Without insulation With insulation 1 cm PU
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 140000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Without insulation With insulation 1 cm PU
Energy efficiency is shown by the formulaCooling power uninsulated coffee machine 107 W
Cooling power insulated coffee machine 13 W
∆𝑇𝑚 = ∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2ln∆𝑇1∆𝑇2
= 91 − 84,6ln 9184,6
= 87,761° K
𝑘 = 11𝛼𝑢 + 𝑆1 𝜆1 + 1𝛼𝑉
= 11500 𝑊 + 0,002 𝑚372 𝑊 𝑚2Τ 𝐾 + 118 𝑊
11500 𝑊 + 0,002 𝑚372 𝑊 𝑚2Τ 𝐾 + 118 𝑊
= 17,372934 W/mK
𝑄 = 𝑘 × 𝐴 × ∆𝑇𝑚
= 17,372934 WmK× 0,07065 𝑚2 × 87,761 𝐾
= 107,71764 W
∆𝑇𝑚 = ∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2ln∆𝑇1∆𝑇2
= 91 − 84,6ln 9184,6
= 87,761° K
𝑘 = 11𝛼𝑢 + 𝑆1 𝜆1 + 𝑆2𝜆2 + 1𝛼𝑉
= 11500 𝑊 + 0,002 𝑚372 𝑊 𝑚2Τ 𝐾 + 0,01 𝑚0,024𝑊 𝑚2Τ 𝐾 + 118 𝑊
= 2,108693 W/mK
𝑄 = 𝑘 × 𝐴 × ∆𝑇𝑚
= 2,108693 WmK× 0,07065 𝑚2 × 87,761 𝐾
= 13,074554 W
2.5. Energy efficiency measures
•The use of flow heaters (when possible),•The use of thermo-blocks (when possible),•The use of Eco - mode, lowering the
temperature, Ready – mode,•Environmentally conscious behavior of
the user,•Regularly removing limescale and water
softening,•Thermal insulation.
2.5.1. Thermal insulation• Aerogel• Polystyrene λ = 0,035 - 0,040 W/mK• Mineral wool λ = 0,035 - 0,045
W/mK• Glass wool• Rock wooll• Perlit• Cork• Fibreboard• Sheep wool • Polyurethane λ = 0,019 - 0,025
W/mK (foam or plates)
2.6. Legislation concerning the energy efficiency of the coffee machine
Article 15Implementing measures
5. Implementing measures shall meet all the following criteria:(a) there shall be no significant negative impact on the functionality of the product, from the perspective of the user;(b) health, safety and the environment shall not be adversely affected;(c) there shall be no significant negative impact on consumers in particular as regards the affordability and the life cycle cost of the product;(d) there shall be no significant negative impact on industry’s competitiveness;(e) in principle, the setting of an ecodesign requirement shall not have the consequence of imposing proprietary technology on manufacturers; and(f)no excessive administrative burden shall be imposed on manufacturers.
Description Legislative Environmental protection Whole product
DIRECTIVE 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) DIRECTIVE 2002/95/EC the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment REGULATION (EC) No 1907/2006 Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)
Energy Energy consumption off mode and stand-by mode of appliances
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1275/2008 implementing Directive 2005/32/EC ecodesign requirements for standby and off mode electric power consumption of electrical and electronic household and office equipment
Safety Whole product
DIRECTIVE 2001/95/EC general product safety DIRECTIVE 2006/95/EC electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 89/109/EEC materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs DIRECTIVE 2004/108/EC relating to electromagnetic compatibility and repealing Directive 89/336/EEC
2.6. Coffee machine energy efficiency labeling
3. ConclusionCoffee machine meets the criteria set out in the directive relating to the eco-design of products related to energy.
The criterion is met1. More than 200 000 units a year.
• Annual sales volume coffee machines within the EU amounts to little more than 18 million. In addition to 18 million household
appliances, according to the European Vending Association in Europe is used approximately 2.3 million appliances for self-service hot
drinks, whereas according to the European trade association of hotels restaurants and cafes - HOTREC, in Europe there are about 1.7
million service industry they possess traditional coffee, of which the Republic of Croatia operates 18,000 restaurants. Presumption work
that each catering facility used at least one traditional coffee.
1. The product should have a significant impact on the environment in the EU
• According to the studies referred to in this paper coffee machines can be classified by force and power consumption. Household
appliances with a nominal output of 500 -1500 W, vending machines have an output of 1000 - 5000 watts while traditional instruments
have a power output of 3000 - 9000 W. It is believed that this nominal power the coffee machine can pose significant environmental
impact power consumption
1. The product presents a significant opportunity for improvement in terms of its impact on the environment, and that it does not involve
excessive costs.
• According to the measurement which was performed for the purpose of this operation the electrical heater in the heating phase (power
consumption) spends about 8.2% of the time. Measuring power consumption showed that in experiments with thermal insulation
laminated polyurethane layer thickness of 1 cm, the same machine reduces power consumption by up to eight times
Based on the data of 18,000 coffee machines used in restaurants throughout the Croatia and the average nominal power of 3 kW, according to the calculation of time spent in heating coffe machine carried out 8.2% of the time consuming energy, which for one year means:
By implementing energy efficiency measures that are mentioned above are achieved and up to eight times better results, or time activities electric heater is eight times shorter and it is equal:
Ecology and EconomyBearing in mind that according to the Croatian Power Company in the annual report of 2005 - 2006 years [43], on 15 000 000 MWh produced in Croatian power plants, CO2 production amounts to 4.4 million t in total from all power plants in the Republic of Croatia. For such relations we get a result of 293 kgCO2 / MWh.
In the first case isolated equipment power consumption have a significant impact on the environment by producing 11 360 tonnes of CO2, while these same devices using the measure of thermal insulation produced 1 424 tonnes of CO2.
Besides the financial benefit or savings, if we consider the average price of € 0.16 would be:
Savings at the Croatian national level would amount to :
The conclusion is that the insulated coffee machines, used in restaurants on the Croatian territory during the period of one year spent 33 912 MWh less electricity than non-insulated and thereby reduce the production of carbon dioxide by 9,936 tons / year.
