EnergyLevel Biology

A. Energy in Living Systems

1. Metabolism involves energy by either:a. Using energy to build molecules b. Breaking down molecules in which

energy is stored2. Three types of energy conversions

used:a. Chemosynthesisb. Photosynthesis c. Cellular respiration

2

A. Energy in Living Systems

A. Chemosynthesis: inorganic molecules (e.g. hydrogen sulfur) converted to chemical energy.

i. E.g.: Bacteria on the ocean floor.B. Photosynthesis: sunlight energy

converted to chemical energy (glucose).i. E.g.: Autotrophs

C. Cellular Respiration: chemical energy(glucose) converted to ATP.

i. E.g.: Heterotrophs

3

4

B. Autotrophs & Heterotrophs

1. Autotrophs use photosynthesis to make their own food.

2. Autotrophs are plants and some algae.

3. Heterotrophs get energy from food (cellular respiration).

4. Heterotrophs are animals such as humans and cows.

Euglena

5

C. What is ATP?

1. ATP: used to store energy in living organisms

2. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate

3. Contains high-energy phosphate bonds

4. ATP contains a nitrogen base (Adenosine), sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

ATP

D. Structure of ATP

3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar

Nitrogen Base

7

E. Releasing Energy From ATP

1. ATP is constantly being used and remade by cells

2. ATP provides all of the energy for cell activities

3. Breaking the LAST PHOSPHATE bond from ATP, will --- release ENERGY for cells to use

8

F. Releasing Energy From ATP

1. Adding a phosphate group to ADP stores energy in ATP

2. Removing a phosphate group from ATP releases energy and forms ADP

Loose

Gain

9

G. ATP Roles in Cells

1. Cells Use ATP For:a. Active transportb. Movementc. Photosynthesisd. Protein synthesise. Cellular respirationf. All other cellular reactions