English-Spanish Glossary of Geography Terms

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Preface

This English-Spanish glossary of Geography terms for the Diploma Programme was

developed by the IB language services department as a working tool for teachers, workshop

leaders, IB staff and freelance translators involved with the IB Diploma programme

Geography course delivered in Spanish as a language of instruction and examination.

It was produced by extracting the terminology used in the Geography subject guide

(published in February 2009 for first examinations in 2011). All the terms in English and

Spanish undertook a process of verification by IB authors, research by professional

translators, consultation by IB experts in the subject and proofreading. The terms compiled

here informed the translation of the current version of the guide, published in March 2009.

It was our intention to provide Spanish terms which were understood throughout the world

and did not only reflect a particular or regional dialectical variant of the language.

Each term (or terminological phrase) contains the Source and in some cases a Note has

been added to provide specific information or clarification.

We welcome your feedback about this glossary. Please send it to

[email protected].

The LS terminology team

September 2009
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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A

abiotic resources Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish recursos abiticosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

accessibility Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish accesibilidadSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

advancing coasts Definition:depositional coasts that are accreting as aconsequence of deposition of sediment and/or theinfill of coastal marshes. Advancing coasts may alsoarise from a negative change in sea level (sea levelfall or uplift of land) Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish costas en avanceSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

aerial photographs Source: Geographyguide (2009)

Spanish fotografa areaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

aesthetic change Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish cambio estticoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

affluence Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish prosperidad econmicaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

ageing population Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish poblacin de edad media en aumentoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

ageing ratio Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish ndice de envejecimientoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

agribusiness Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish agroindustriaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

agricultural subsidies Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish subsidios agrcolasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

agro-chemical runoff Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish escurrimiento de productosagroqumicosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

agro-industrialization Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish agroindustrializacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

aid Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ayudaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

air freight Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish transporte areo de cargaSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

air pollution Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish contaminacin atmosfricaSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

annotated diagrams Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish diagramas anotadosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

annotated maps Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish mapas anotadosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

anti-globalization groups Source:

Geography guide (2009)Spanish grupos antiglobalizacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

anti-globalization movementsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish movimientos antiglobalizacin;movimientos en contra de la globalizacinSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

anti-Malthusian views Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish perspectivas antimaltusianasSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

anti-natalist policy Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish poltica antinatalistaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

aquaculture Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish acuaculturaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

aquifers Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish acuferoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

archival evidence Note: This is a way ofgaining knowledge. Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish material documentalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

area references Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish zona de referenciaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

arid environments Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish ambientes ridosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

aridity Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish aridezSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

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A

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artesian basin Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish cuenca artesianaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

artificial rechargeSource: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish recarga artificialSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

ASEAN Full term:Association of SoutheastAsian Nations Source: Geography guide (2009)SpanishASEANFull term:Asociacin de Nacionesdel Sudeste Asitico Source: Gua de Geografa(2009)

atmosphere-oceanicinteractions Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish interacciones entre la atmsfera y elocanoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

averages (means, medians,modes) Related term: statistical calculationsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish Promedios estadsticos (mediasaritmticas, medianas y modos)Source: Gua deGeografa (2009)


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B

bar graphs Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish grficos de barrasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

beach Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish playaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

bilateral agreement Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish acuerdo bilateralSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

biodiversity Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish biodiversidadSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

biome Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish biomaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

biotic resources Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish recursos biticosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

bipolar graphs Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish grficos bipolaresSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

birth ratio Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tasa de natalidad por sexoSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

bogs Related term: wetland Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish cinagasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

branded commodities Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish productos con marca registradaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

brownfield site Definition: abandoned,derelict, or under-used industrial buildings and land,which may be contaminated, but with potential forredevelopment Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish zona industrial abandonadaSource: Gua

de Geografa (2009)

business enterprises Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish empresasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

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C

calorie intake Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish consumo de calorasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

carrying capacity Definition: the

maximum number of visitors/participants that asite/event can satisfy at one time. It is customary todistinguish between environmental carrying capacity(the maximum number before the local environmentbecomes damaged) and perceptual carrying capacity(the maximum number before a specific group ofvisitors considers the level of impact, such as noise,to be excessive). For example, young mountainbikers may be more crowd-tolerant than elderlywalkers Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish capacidad de cargaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

cartographic images Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish imgenes cartogrficasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

cartographic material Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish material cartogrficoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

cartoons Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish vietasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

catering Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish servicios de cateringSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

CBD Full term: central business district Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish distrito central de negociosSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

census Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish censoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

central business districtAbbreviation: CBD Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish distrito central de negociosSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

centripetal movement Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish movimiento centrpetoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

challenging environmentsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ambientes difcilesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

changes in demand Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish cambios en la demandaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

changes in supply Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish cambios en la ofertaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

channel shape Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish forma del canalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

chemical waste Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish residuos qumicosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

child mortality rate Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish tasa de mortalidad infantil de menoresde 5 aosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

Chi-square Related term: correlationsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish chi cuadradoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

choropleth maps Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish mapas de coropletasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

chronic hunger Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish hambre crnicaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

cliff failure Related term: coastal hazardSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish desprendimiento de acantiladosSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

cliffs Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish acantiladoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

climate Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish climaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

climatic characteristics Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish caractersticas climticasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

coastal hazards Related term: tsunami,storm surge, erosion, cliff failure Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish amenazas costerasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

coastal landforms Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish formas de relieve costeroSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

coastal margin Related term: Oneoptional theme is called "Oceans and their coastal

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Cmargins". Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish franja costeraSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

coastal processes Related term: tides,wave action, littoral drift, wind action Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish procesos costerosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

coastline Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish litoral costeroSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

commodities Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish mercanciasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

commuter town Source: Geographyguide (2009)

Spanish ciudad dormitorioSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

commuting Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish desplazamientos pendularesSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

compound graphs Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish grficos compuestosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

concentration Related term: measures ofconcentration Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish concentracinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

confidence limits Related term:statistical tests Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish lmites de confianzaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

congestion Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish congestinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

conservation Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish conservacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

conservation policy Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish poltica de conservacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

consumer culture Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish cultura del consumismoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

consumerism Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish consumismoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

contemporary Definition: Refers to anevent that has taken place within the student'slifetime Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish contemporneoSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

continental shelves Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish plataforma continentalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

coral reefs Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish arrecifes de coralSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

core Note: The geography syllabus has a coretheme, optional themes and higher-level extension.Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish tronco comnSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

core and periphery Definition: theconcept of a developed core surrounded by anundeveloped periphery. The concept can be appliedat various scales Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish centro y periferiaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

core theme Note: The geography syllabushas a core theme, optional themes and higher-levelextension. Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tronco comnSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

correlation Related term: measures ofcorrelation Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish correlacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

counter-urbanization Definition: aprocess involving the movement of population awayfrom inner urban areas to a new town, a new estate,a commuter town or a village on the edge or justbeyond the city limits / rural-urban fringe Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish contraurbanizacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

crime Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish delincuenciaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

cross-profiles (sections) Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish perfiles transversalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

crude birth rate Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish tasa bruta de natalidadSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

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C

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Crude Death Rate Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish tasa bruta de mortalidadSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

cultural diffusion Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish difusin culturalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

cultural imperialism Definition: thepractice of promoting the culture or language of onenation in another. It is usually the case that theformer is a large, economically or military powerfulnation and the latter is a smaller, less affluent oneSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish imperialismo culturalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

cultural sites Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish lugares de inters culturalSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

cultural traits Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish rasgos culturalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)


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D

dams Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish represasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

data collection Note: This is a way ofgaining knowledge. Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish obtencin de datosSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

day-trip Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish excursinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

debt-relief Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish condonacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

deductive reasoning Note: This is away of gaining knowledge. Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish razonamiento deductivoSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

demographic Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish demogrficoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

densities Related term: statistical calculationsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish densidadSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

dependency ratio Related term: indicesand ratios Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ndice de dependenciaSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

depletion of green space Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish reduccin de las zonas verdesSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

deposition Related term: stream channelprocess; glacier Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish sedimentacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

depositional coasts Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish playas originadas por la deposicinSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

deprivation Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish marginacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

desertification Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish desertificacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

development aid Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish ayuda al desarrolloSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

development diamonds Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish diamantes de desarrolloSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

diasporas Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish disporasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

diffusion by expansion Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish difusin por expansinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

diffusion by relocation Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish difusin por reubicacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

dilution of culture Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish atenuacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

direct foreign investment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish inversion extranjera directaSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

direction Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish direccinSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

disaster Definition: a major hazard event,which causes widespread disruption to a community

or region, with significant demographic, economicand/or environmental losses, and which the affectedcommunity is unable to deal with adequately withoutoutside help Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish desastreSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

discharge Related term: stream dischargeSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish caudalSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

dispersion Related term: measures ofdispersion Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish dispersinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

dot maps Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish mapa de puntosSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

drainage basin Definition: the areadrained by a river and its tributaries Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish cuenca hidrogrficaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

drainage basin level Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish nivel de la cuenca hidrogrficaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

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D

10

drainage divide Related term: Synonym:watershed Definition: the line defining the boundaryof a river or stream drainage basin and separating itfrom adjacent basin(s) Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish lnea divisoria de aguasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

drought Note: Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish sequaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

dunes Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish dunasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)


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E

earthquakes Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish terremotosSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

ecological footprint Definition: The

theoretical measurement of the amount of land andwater a population requires to produce the resourcesit consumes and to absorb its waste under prevailingtechnology. Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish huella ecolgicaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

economic environment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish medio econmicoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

economic flows Related term: Oneoptional theme is called "Global interactions:economic interactions and flow". Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish flujos econmicosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

economic interactions Related term:One optional theme is called "Global interactions:economic interactions and flow". Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish interacciones econmicasSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

economic water scarcity Definition:Where water is available locally but not accessible forhuman, institutional or financial capital reasons

Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish escasez econmica de aguaSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

ecotourism Definition: Tourism focusing onthe natural environment and local communitiesSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ecoturismoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

EEZ Full term: Exclusive economic zoneDefinition: an area in which a coastal nation hassovereign rights over all the economic resources ofthe sea, seabed and subsoil, extending up to 200nautical miles from the coast Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish ZEEFull term: zona econmica exclusivaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

el Nio Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish el NioSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

El Nio Southern OscillationAbbreviation: ENSO Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ENOSFull term: El Nio-Oscilacin SurSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

energy efficiency ratios Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish eficiencia energticaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

energy transfers Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish transferencia de energaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

ENSO Full term: El Nio Southern Oscillation

Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish El Nio-Oscilacin SurAbbreviation:ENOS Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

entertainment Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish entretenimientoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

environmental awareness Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish conciencia ambientalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

environmental carryingcapacity Definition: The maximum numberbefore the local environment becomes damaged.Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish capacidad de carga del ambienteSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

environmental change Relatedterm: One optional theme is called "Globalinteractions: environmental change". Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish cambio ambientalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

environmental controls Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish controles ambientalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

environmental degradationSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish degradacin medioambientalSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

environmental hazards Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish amenazas ambientalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

environmental sustainabilitySource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish sutentabilidad ambientalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

environmentally sustainablepollution managementstrategy Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish gestin de la contaminacinambientalmente sustentableSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

erosionRelated term: stream channel process

Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish erosinSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

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E

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eutrophication Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish eutroficacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

exchangesSource: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish intercambiosSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

Exclusive economic zoneAbbreviation: EEZ Definition: an area in which acoastal nation has sovereign rights over all theeconomic resources of the sea, seabed and subsoil,extending up to 200 nautical miles from the coastSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish zona econmica exclusivaAbbreviation:ZEE Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

experimentation Note: This is a way ofgaining knowledge. Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish experimentacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

extended response questionSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish preguntas de respuesta largaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

extension of links and nodesRelated term: network Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish extensin de los enlaces y nodosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

external migration Related term:Synonym: international migration Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish migracin internacionalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

extreme environments Relatedterm: One optional theme is called "Extremeenvironments". Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ambientes extremosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)


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F

fair trade Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish comercio justoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

fall in land level Source: Geographyguide (2009)

Spanish descenso del nivel del terrenoSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

family size Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tamao de la familiaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

family status Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish situacin familiarSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

famine Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish hambrunaSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

feedback loops Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish bucle de retroalimentacinSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

fertility Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish fecundidadSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

field sketches Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish croquis de campoSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

fieldwork investigation Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish investigacin relacionada con eltrabajo de campoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

fieldwork question Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish pregunta de investigacin del trabajode campoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

financial flows Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish flujo de capitalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

fish yields Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish rendimiento pesqueroSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

fishing Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish pescaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

flash floods Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish inundaciones repentinasSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

flood Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish inundacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

floodplain management Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish gestin de llanuras aluvialesSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

floodplains Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish llanura aluvialSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

flow charts Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish grficos de flujoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

flow diagrams Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish diagramas de flujoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

flow maps Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish mapas de flujoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

flow of labour Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish flujo de trabajadoresSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

flows Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish flujosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

flows of goods, materials andpeople Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish flujo de mercancas, materiales ypersonasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

food aid Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ayuda alimentariaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

food deficiency Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish deficiencia alimentariaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

food miles Definition: a measure of thedistance food travels from its source to theconsumer. This can be given either in units of actualdistance or of energy consumed during transportSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish millas de alimentosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

food security Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish seguridad alimentariaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

food shortages Note: Source: Geographyguide (2009)

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F

14

Spanish escasez de alimentosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

food sufficiency Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish suficiencia alimentariaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

forced migration Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish migracin forzadaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

formal employment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish empleo formalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

free trade Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish libre comercioSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

frequencies Related term: statisticalcalculations Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish frecuenciasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

frequency Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish frecuenciaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

freshwater Related term: One optionaltheme is called "Freshwater-issues and conflicts".Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish agua dulceSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

freshwater marshes Related term:wetland Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish humedales de agua dulceSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

freshwater wetlandmanagement Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish gestin de los humedales de agua dulceSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

friction of distance Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish friccin de la distanciaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)


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G

gentrification Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish gentrificacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

geographer Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish gegrafoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

geographic Definition: this termencompassess all the demographic, environmental,social, cultural, economic and political factors thatcould influence or be influenced by the geography ofan area Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish geogrficoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

geographic concept Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish concepto geogrficoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

geographic fieldwork Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish trabajo de campo en geografiaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

Geographic InformationSystems Abbreviation: GIS Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish sistemas de informacin geogrficaAbbreviation: SIG Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

geographic models Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish modelos geogrficosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

geographic pattern Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish patrn geogrficoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

geographic perception Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish percepcin geogrficaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

geographic process Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish proceso geogrficoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

geographic research questionSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish pregunta de investigacin geogrficaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

geographic research topicSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tema de investigacin geogrficaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

geographic skills Source: Geographyguide (2009)

Spanish destrezas geogrficasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

geographic theory Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish teora geogrficaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

geography of food and healthRelated term: One optional theme is called "Thegeography of food and health". Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish geografa de la alimentacin y la saludSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

geopolitical Definition: the combination oflocational and political factors relating to orinfluencing a region or nation Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish geopolticoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

geopolitics Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish geopolticaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

Gini coefficient Related term: indices andratios Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish coeficiente de GiniSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

GIS Abbreviation: Geographic InformationSystems Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish SIGFull term: sistemas de informacingeogrfica Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

glacial areas Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish zonas glacialesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

glacial environment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish ambiente glaciarSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

glaciers Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish glaciaresSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

global climate change Definition: thechanges in global patterns of rainfall andtemperatures, sea level, habitats and the incidence ofdroughts, floods and storms, resulting from changesin the earth's atmosphere, believed to be mainlycaused by the enhanced greenhouse effect Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish cambio climtico globalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

global core Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish centrosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

global interactions Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish interacciones globalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

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global megacity Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish megaciudadesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

global warming Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish calentamiento globalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

globalization Definition: the growinginterdependence of countries worldwide through theincreasing volume and variety of cross-bordertransactions in goods, services and of internationalcapital flows, and through the more rapid andwidespread diffusion of technology (source IMF)Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish globalizacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

Globalization Index Definition: the A.T. Kearney index is one of several measures ofglobalization. It tracks changes in four keycomponents of global integration: trade andinvestment flows; movement of people acrossborders; volumes of international telephone trafficand Internet usage; participation in internationalorganizations. (source: A. T. Kearney; Foreign Policy)Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ndice de globalizacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

glocalization Definition: a term that wasinvented in order to emphasize that the globalizationof a product is more likely to succeed when theproduct or service is adapted specifically to each

locality or culture it is marketed in. The increasingpresence of McDonald's restaurants worldwide is anexample of globalization, while the restaurant chain'smenu changes in an attempt to appeal to local tastesare an example of glocalization Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish glocalizacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

GNI Full term: Gross National Income Definition:(previously known as Gross National Product-GNP).The total value of goods and services producedwithin a country together with the balance of incomeand payments from or to other countries Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish INBFull term: Ingreso Nacional BrutoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

GNP Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish PNBFull term: Producto Nacional BrutoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

graph Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish grficosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

Green Revolution Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish Revolucin VerdeSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

greenhouse effect Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish efecto invernaderoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

grid references Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish sistema de coordenadasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

Gross National IncomeAbbreviation: GNI Definition: (previously known asGross National Product-GNP). The total value ofgoods and services produced within a countrytogether with the balance of income and paymentsfrom or to other countries Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish Ingreso Nacional BrutoAbbreviation: INBSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

Gross National Product Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish Producto Nacional BrutoAbbreviation:PNB Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

ground water abstraction Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish abstraccin de aguas subterrneasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

ground-level photographsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish fotografas de nivel de sueloSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)


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H

habitat Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish hbitatSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

hazard Definition: a threat (whether natural orhuman) that has the potential to cause loss of life,injury, property damage, socio-economic disruption,

or environmental degradation Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish amenazaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

hazard event Definition: the occurrence(realization) of a hazard, the effects of which changedemographic, economic and/or environmentalconditions Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish acontecimiento de impacto ambientalSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

hazardous material Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish sustancia peligrosaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

HDI Abbreviation: human development indexRelated term: indices and ratios Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish IDHFull term: ndice de desarollo humanoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

health-adjusted lifeexpectancy (HALE) Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish esperanza de vida ajustada por saludAbbreviation: EVAS Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

heritage sites Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish patrimonios histricosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

heritage tourism Definition: Tourismbased on an historic legacy (landscape feature,historic building or event) as its major attraction.Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish turismo culturalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

high altitude environmentsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ambientes de alta montaaSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

higher-level extension Note: Thegeography syllabus has a core theme, optionalthemes and higher-level extension. Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish ampliacin del Nivel SuperiorSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

homogenization Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish homogeneizacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

horizontal spatial variationsSource: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish variacin espacial horizontalSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

host societies Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish sociedades receptorasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

hot deserts Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish desiertos clidosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

hotel complex Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish complejo hoteleroSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

human discomfort Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish condiciones desfavorablesSource: Gua

de Geografa (2009)

human geography Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish geografa humanaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

human habitation Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish para ser habitados por el ser humanoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

human-induced hazards Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish fenmenos ambientales antrpicosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

hurricanes Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish huracanesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

hydrographs Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish hidrogramaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

hydrological cycle Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish ciclo hidrolgicoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

hydrology Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish hidrologaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

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I

IMF Full term: International Monetary FundSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish FMIFull term: Fondo MonetarioInternacional Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

inaccessibility Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish falta de accesibilidadSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

indices and ratios Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish ndices, tasas y razonesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

indigenous people Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish poblacin indgenaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

individual pursuits Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish iniciativas individualesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

inductive reasoning Note: This is away of gaining knowledge. Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish razonamiento inductivoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

inequality Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish desigualdadSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

infant mortality Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish mortalidad infantilSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

infant mortality rate Abbreviation:IMR Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tasa de mortalidad infantilSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

informal employment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish empleo informalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

informal sector Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish sector informalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

information flows Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish flujo de informacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

injury Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish dao personalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

in-migration Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish inmigracinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

inner urban areas Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish zona central de las zonas urbanas; delas ciudadesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

inner-city areas Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish zonas cntricasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

inputs Note: refers to the hydrological cycleSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish entradasNote: refers to the hydrologicalcycle Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

insurance Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish seguros contra el riesgoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

internal migration Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish migracin internaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

international interactions Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish relaciones internacionalesSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

international migration Relatedterm: Synonym: external migration Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish migracin internacionalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

International Monetary FundAbbreviation: IMF Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish Fondo Monetario InternacionalAbbreviation: FMI Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

international telephone trafficSource: Spec paper HL paper 3 first exams 2011Spanish trfico telefnico internacionalSource:Exmen de muestra NS prueba 3 para primerosexmenes en 2011

Internet Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish InternetSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

internet network Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish Red de internetSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

intra-urban spatial patternsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish patrones espaciales intraurbanosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

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I

19

inward movement Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish movimiento hacia el interiorSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

inward rural-urban movement

Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish movimientos de poblacin del campo ala ciudadSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

irrigation Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish riegoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

isoline maps Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish mapa de isolneasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

isopleth maps Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish mapa de isopletasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)


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L

la Nia Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish la NiaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

labour flows Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish flujo de trabajoSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

land degradation Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish degradacin del terrenoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

land ownership Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish propiedad de la tierraSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

land tenure Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish rgimen de tenencia (de la tierra)Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

land use planning Related term:Synonym: zoning Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish planificacin de los usos del sueloSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

land value Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish valor de la tierraSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

large-scale maps Source: Geographyguide (2009)

Spanish mapas a gran escalaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

latitude Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish latitudSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

leisure Related term: One optional theme iscalled "Leisure and tourism". Definition: any freelychosen activity or experience that takes place in non-work time Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ocioSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

life cycle Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ciclo vitalSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

life expectancy Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish esperanza de vidaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

line graphs Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish grficos de lneasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

lithology Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish litologaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

littoral driftRelated term: Synonym:

longshore drift Definition: the movement ofsediments along a coast by wave action Source:

Geography guide (2009)Spanish deriva litoralSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

loan Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish prstamoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

location quotient Related term:measures of concentration and dispersion Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish coeficiente de localizacinSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

locational Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish de localizacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

locational maps Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish mapa de localizacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

logarithmic graphs Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish grficos logartmicosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

longitude Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish longitudSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

longshore drift Related term: Synonym:littoral drift Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish deriva litoralSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

Lorenz curves Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish curva de LorenzSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

loss of fertility Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish prdida de fertilidadSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

low-cost housing Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish viviendas de bajo costoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

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Mmagnitude Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish magnitudSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

malnutrition Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish malnutricinSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

mangrove swamps Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish manglaresSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

manufacturing activities Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish actividades industrialesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

mapped form Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish mapa; informacin de mapasSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

market access Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish acceso a los mercadosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

mass movements Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish movimientos en masaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

matrices Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish matricesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

maximum sustainable yieldDefinition: the maximum level of extraction of waterthat can be maintained for a given area indefinitelySource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish rendimiento mximo sustentableSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

MDGs Abbreviation: UN Millenium DevelopmentGoals Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ODMFull term: Objetivos de desarrollo delmilenio de la ONU Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

measure of diversity Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish medidas de diversidadSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

mental maps Related term: This is onetype of thematic maps. Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish mapas mentalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

metric maps Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish mapa mtricoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

mid-ocean ridges Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish dorsales ocenicasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

migration Definition: the movement of

people, involving a permanent (more than one year)change of residence. It can be internal or external(international) and voluntary or forced. It does notinclude temporary circulations such as commuting ortourism Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish migracinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

mineral extraction Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish extraccin de mineralesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

morphology of oceans Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish morfologa de los ocanosSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

mortality Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish mortalidadSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

multi-governmentalorganization Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish organizacin internacionalSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

multi-lateral agreement Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish acuerdo multilateralSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

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N

NAFTA Full term: North American Free TradeAgreement Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish TLCANFull term: Tratado de Libre Comerciode Amrica del Norte Source: Gua de Geografa(2009)

national migrationRelated term:

Synonym: internal migration Note: This refers tointernal migration; it is specified as "national" in theguide to contrast it to "international migration".Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish migracin interna (nacional)Note: Eltrmino es "migracin interna". Se ha agregado entreparntesis "nacional" para distinguirla de la migracin"internacional". Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

natural hazard events Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish fenmenos ambientales naturalesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

natural recharge Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish recarga naturalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

nautical miles Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish milla nutica; milla marinaSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

nearest neighbour quotientRelated term: measures of concentration anddispersion Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ndice de vecindadSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

neo-Malthusian views Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish perspectivas neomaltusianasSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

network hubs Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish nodos centralesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

network nodes Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish nodosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

non-paid (non-professional)sports Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish actividades deportivas no remuneradasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

non-tropical latitudes Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish latitudes no tropicalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

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O

observation Note: This is a way of gainingknowledge. Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish observacionesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

occurrence Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish ocurrenciaNote: please translate accordingto context Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

ocean currents Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish corrientes ocenicasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

ocean floor deposits Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish depsitos en los fondos ocenicosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

ocean floor morphology Source:

Geography guide (2009)Spanish morfologa del fondo ocenicoSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

ocean water Related term: Synonym:oceanic water Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish aguas ocenicasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

oceanic conveyor belts Definition: aglobal thermohaline circulation, driven by theformation and sinking of deep water and responsiblefor the large flow of upper ocean water Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish cinta transportadora ocenicaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

oceanic resource Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish recursos ocenicosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

oceanic volcanic features Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish rasgos volcnicos ocenicosSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

oceanic water Related term: Synonym:ocean water Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish aguas ocenicasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

oil waste Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish residuos petrolferosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

optional theme Note: The geographysyllabus has a core theme, optional themes andhigher-level extension. Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish tema opcionalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

organized outings and eventsSource: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish salidas y eventos organizadosSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

out-migration Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish emigracinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

outputs Note: refers to the hydrological cycleSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish salidasNote: refers to the hydrologicalcycle Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

outsourcing Definition: the concept oftaking internal company functions and paying anoutside firm to handle them. Outsourcing is done tosave money, improve quality, or free companyresources for other activities Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish tercerizacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

outward growth Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish expansin urbanaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

overcrowding Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish hacinamientoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

overfishing Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish sobreexplotacin pesqueraSource: Gua

de Geografa (2009)

overlays Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish transparenciasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

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pattern Definition: in the presentation anddescription of data this term covers the arrangementor changes of spatial elements (see Trend) Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish patrn; patrn espacialSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

patterned ground Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish suelos poligonalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

percentages Related term: statisticalcalculations Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish porcentajesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

perceptual carrying capacityDefinition: The maximum number before a specificgroup of visitors considers the level of impact, suchas noise, to be excessive. Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish capacidad de carga perceptivaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

periglacial areas Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish zonas periglaciaresSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

periglacial environment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish ambiente periglaciarSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

periphery Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish periferiaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

permafrost Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish permafrostSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

physical environment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish ambiente fsicoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

physical geography Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish geografa fsicaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

physical water scarcity Definition:where water resource development is approaching orhas exceeded sustainable levels. It relates wateravailability to water demand and implies that aridareas are not necessarily water scarce. Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish escasez fsica de aguaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

pie charts Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish grficos sectorialesSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

pingos Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish pingosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

place Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish lugarSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

plate margins Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish bordes de las placasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

polar areas Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish zonas polaresSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

political unit Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish unidad polticaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

pollution Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish contaminacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

pollution event Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish evento/hecho contaminanteSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

poor quality housing Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish viviendas de mala calidadSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

population momentum Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish mpetu demogrficoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

population projections Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish proyecciones de poblacinSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

population pyramids Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish pirmides de poblacinSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

predictability Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish predecibilidadSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

preparedness Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish grado de preparacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

primary information Definition:material and data collected in the field through

measurement and observation. It can include bothqualitative and quantitative information Source:Geography guide (2009)

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P

25

Spanish informacin de fuentes primariasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

primary tourist / recreationalresources Definition: the pre-existingattractions for tourism or recreation (that is, those

not built specifically for the purpose), includingclimate, scenery, wildlife, indigenous people, culturaland heritage sites. These are distinguished fromsecondary tourist / recreational resources, whichinclude accommodation, catering, entertainment andshopping Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish recursos tursticos/recreativosprimariosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

pro-natalist policy Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish poltica pronatalistaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

property damage Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish daos materialesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

proportional symbol map Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish mapa de smbolos proporcionalesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)


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R

radioactive waste Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish residuos radiactivosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

rainfall Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish lluviaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

ranges of data Related term: statisticalcalculations Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish rangos de datosSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

ratios Related term: statistical calculationsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish razonesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

raw material Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish materias primasSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

raw-material production Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish produccin de materias primasSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

recent Definition: reference to an event thathas taken place since the year 2000 Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish recienteSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

recreation Definition: a leisure-time activityundertaken voluntarily and for enjoyment. It includes

individual pursuits, organized outings and events,and non-paid (non-professional) sports Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish actividades recreativasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

recreational facilities Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish instalaciones recreativasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

recycling Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish recicladoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

redevelopment Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish rehabilitacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

refurbishment Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish rehabilitacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

regeneration strategies Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish estrategias de renovacinSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

relief characteristics Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish caractersticas del relieveSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

remittances Definition: transfers ofmoney/goods by foreign workers to their homecountries Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish remesasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

remoteness Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish ubicacin en reas remotasSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

repatriation of profits Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish repatriacin del beneficioSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

research question Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish pregunta de investigacinSource: Gua

de Geografa (2009)

reservoirs Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish embalsesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

residential population densitiesSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish densidad de poblacin residencialSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

resort Definition: a settlement where theprimary function is tourism. This includes hotelcomplex Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish complejo tursticoSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

resource base Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish base de recursosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

resource consumption Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish consumo de recursosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

resources booklet Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish cuadernillo de consultaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

restoration Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish restauracinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

resultant landforms Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish formas de relieve resultantesSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

retailing activities Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish actividades comercialesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

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R

27

retreating coasts Definition: coastsalong which the dominant processes are erosional,resulting in the coastline moving inland. Retreatingcoasts may also arise from a positive change in sealevel (sea level rise or fall in land level) Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish costas en retrocesoSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

re-urbanization Definition: thedevelopment of activities to increase residentialpopulation densities within the existing build-up areaof a city. This may include the re-development ofvacant land and the refurbishement of housing anddevelpment new business enterprises Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish reurbanizacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

rifts Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish valles de dislocacin; riftsSource: Gua

de Geografa (2009)

risk Definition: risk is the probability of a hazardevent causing harmful consequences (expectedlosses in terms of deaths, injuries, property damage,economy and environment) Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish riesgoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

risk assessment Related term: Oneoptional theme is called "Hazards and disasters-riskassessment and response". Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish evaluacin de riesgoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

risk response Related term: One optionaltheme is called "Hazards and disasters-riskassessment and response". Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish respuestas humanasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

river basin Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish cuenca fluvialSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

river flood Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish inundacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

rose diagrams Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish diagramas de coordenadas polaresSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

rural-urban fringe Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish la franja rural-urbanaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

rural-urban migration Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish migracin del campo a la ciudadSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)


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safe drinking water Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish agua potableSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

safety regulations Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish medidas de seguridadSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

salinity Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish salinidadSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

salinization Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish salinizacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

sampling techniques Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish tcnicas de muestreoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

satellite images Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish imgenes de satliteSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

scale Definition: topics within the syllabus arerequired to be studied at various scales: local scalerefers to areas of limited extent; national scale refersto a country; regional scale refers to an area thatencompasses several countries sharing somecommon element (economic, political, locational);global scale refers to the world as a whole Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish escalaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

scatter graphs Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish grficos de dispersinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

scenery Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish paisajeSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

sea level Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish nivel del marSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

sea level fall Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish cada del nivel del marSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

sea level rise Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish ascenso del nivel del marSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

seabed Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish fondo marinoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

secondary information Definition:information that has already been compiled inwritten, statistical or mapped forms Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish informacin de fuentes secundariasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

secondary tourist /recreational resources Definition:These include accommodation, catering,entertainment and shopping. Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish recursos tursticos/recreativossecundariosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

sediment Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish sedimentoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

semi-arid areas Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish zonas semi-ridasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

service activities Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish actividades de servicioSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

settlement Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish asentamientoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

sexually-transmitted disease

Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish enfermedades de transmisin sexualSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

short-answer questions Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish preguntas de respuesta cortaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

short-term trends Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish tendencias a corto plazoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

slums Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish asentamientos marginalesSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

social deprivation Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish marginacin socialSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

social environment Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish medio socialSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

socially sustainable housingmanagement strategy Source:

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SGeography guide (2009)Spanish estrategia de gestin de viviendassocialmente sustentableSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

socio-economic Definition: thecombination of social factors (including demographic,

cultural and political) and economic factors Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish socioeconmicoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

socio-economic disruptionSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish interrupcin de las actividadessocioeconmicasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

soil degradation Definition: a severereduction in the quality of soils. The term includessoil erosion, salinization and soil exhaustion (loss offertility) Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish degradacin del sueloSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

soil erosion Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish erosin del sueloSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

soil exhaustion Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish agotamiento del sueloSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

solifluction Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish solifluxinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

source material Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish datos usados en el estudioSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

sovereignty rights Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish derechos de soberanaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

space Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish espacioSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

spatial component Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish componente espacialSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

spatial extent Note: refers to floodsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish extensinNote: refers to floods Source:Gua de Geografa (2009)

spatial interactions Related term:measures of spatial interactions Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish relacin espacialSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

Spearman rank Related term:correlations Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish coeficiente de SpearmanSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

speed of onset Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish rapidez y variedad de los efectosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

sport Definition: a physical activity involving aset of rules or customs. The activity may becompetitive. Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish actividades deportivasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

sports facilities Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish instalaciones deportivasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

squatter settlements Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish asentamientos irregularesSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

statistical calculations Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish clculos estadsticosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

statistical tests Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish prueba estadsticaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

statistical yearbooks Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish anuario estadsticoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

stimulus material Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish material de estmuloSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

stores Note: refers to the hydrological cycleSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish almacenamientoNote: refers to thehydrological cycle Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

storm Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tormentasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

storm surges Related term: coastal hazardSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish marejada ciclnicaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

strategies Definition: reference to anymanagement policies, initiatives and/or plans prior toimplementation Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish estrategiasSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

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S

30

stream channel processes Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish procesos asociados al cauce de un roSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

stream discharge Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish caudal del curso de aguaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

stream drainage basin Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish cuenca hidrogrfica de un arroyoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

stream flow Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish corriente de aguaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

subaerial processes Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish procesos subareosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

subsoil Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish subsueloSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

substitution Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish sustitucinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

suburb Definition: a residential area within or

just outside the boundaries of a city Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish suburbioSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

suburbanization Definition: the outwardgrowth of towns and cities to engulf surroundingvillages and rural areas. This may result from theout-migration of population from the inner urbanarea to the suburbs or from inward rural-urbanmovement Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish suburbanizacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

survey site Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish sitio de la investigacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

sustainable circular systemDefinition: In this system inputs are reduced andoutputs are recycled Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish sistema circular sustentableSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

sustainable management Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish gestin sustentableSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

sustainable tourismDefinition:

Tourism that conserves primary tourist resources andsupports the livelihoods and culture of local people.

Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish turismo sustentableSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

sustainable urbanmanagement strategy Definition: an

approach to urban management that seeks tomaintain and improve the quality of life for currentand future urban dwellers. Aspects of managementmay be social (housing quality, crime) economic(jobs, income) and environmental (air, water, landand resources) Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish estrategia de gestin urbanasustentableSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

sustainable yields Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish rendimiento sustentableSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

swamps Related term: wetland Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish pantanosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)


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technological hazard Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish amenaza tecnolgicaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

telecommunications network

Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish red de telecomunicacionesSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

temporary circulations Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish desplazamientos temporalesSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

temporary hunger Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish hambre temporalSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

territorial limits Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish lmites territorialesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

text extracts Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish extractoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

thematic maps Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish mapas temticosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

thermal transfers Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish transferencias trmicasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

thermohaline circulation Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish circulacin termohalinaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

thermokarst Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish termokarstSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

tides Related term: coastal process Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish mareasSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

time-space convergenceDefinition: the reduction in the time taken to travelbetween two places due to improvements intransportation or communication technology Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish convergencia de tiempo y espacioSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

timing Note: refers to floods Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish inicio y secuencia temporalNote: refersto floods Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

TNC Full term: Transnational CorporationDefinition: a firm that owns or controls productiveoperations in more than one country through directforeign investment Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish coorporacin transnacionalSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

topographic maps Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish mapas topogrficosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

topological maps Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish mapa topolgicoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

tourism Definition: travel away from home forat least one night for the purpose of leisure. Notethat this definition excludes day-trippers. There aremany possible subdivisions of tourism. Subgroups

include ecotourism; heritage tourism; sustainabletourism. Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish turismoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

trade access Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish acceso al comercioSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

trade barriers Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish barreras comercialesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

transboundary pollution Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish contaminacin transfronterizaSource:Gua de Geografa (2009)

transfers Note: refers to the hydrologicalcycle Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish transferenciasNote: refers to thehydrological cycle Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

transform faults Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish fallas de transformacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

Transnational CorporationAbbreviation: TNC Definition: a firm that owns orcontrols productive operations in more than onecountry through direct foreign investment Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish coorporacin transnacionalSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

transport Related term: stream channelprocess Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish transporteSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

transport network Source: Geographyguide (2009)

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T

32

Spanish red de transporteSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

trenches Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish fosas abisalesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

trend Definition: in the presentation anddescription of data this term covers the changes overtime (see Pattern) Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tendenciaSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

triangular graphs Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish digrama/grfico triangularSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

tributaries Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish afluentesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

tropical cyclones Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish ciclones tropicalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

tropical rainforest Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish selvas tropicalesSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

tsunamis Related term: coastal hazardSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tsunamiSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

typhoons Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tifonesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)


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U

UN Millenium DevelopmentGoals Abbreviation: MDGs Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio dela ONUAbbreviation: ODM Source: Gua deGeografa (2009)

under-used industrial buildingsSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish edificios industriales infrautilizadosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

unsustainable Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish no sustentableSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

unsustainable (open/linear)city system Definition: In this system inputsand outputs are uncontrolled. Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish sistema urbano (abierto/ lineal) nosustentableSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

uplift of land Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish levantamiento de la tierraSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

upper ocean water Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish aguas ocenicas superioresSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

urban dwellers Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish habitantes de la ciudadSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

urban environments Related term:One optional theme is called "Urban environments".Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish ambientes urbanosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

urban heat island effect Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish efecto de isla urbana de calorSource:

Gua de Geografa (2009)

urban landscapes Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish paisaje urbanoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

urban microclimate Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish microclima urbanoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

urban regeneration Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish renovacin urbanaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

urban renewal Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish renovacin urbanaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

urban settlements Source: Geography

guide (2009)Spanish asentamientos urbanosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

urban sprawl Definition: the unplannedand uncontrolled physical expansion of an urban areainto the surrounding countryside. It is closely linkedto the process of suburbanization Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish crecimiento urbano no planificadoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

urban stress Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish estrs de las ciudadesSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

urbanization Definition: the process bywhich an increasing percentage of a country'spopulation comes to live in towns and cities. It mayinvolve both rural-urban migration and naturalincrease Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish proceso de urbanizacinSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

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V

vacant land Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish terreno desocupadoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

vacation Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish vacacionesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

vector-borne disease Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish enfermedad de transmisin vectorialSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

vertical spatial variations Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish variacin espacial verticalSource: Guade Geografa (2009)

visual material Source: Geography guide

(2009)Spanish material grficoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

volcanic destruction Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish erupcin volcnicaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

volcanoes Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish volcanesSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

voluntary migration Source:Geography guide (2009)

Spanish migracin voluntariaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

vulnerability Definition: the geographicconditions that increase the susceptibility of acommunity to a hazard or to the impacts of a hazardevent Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish vulnerabilidadSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

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W

waste Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish residuosSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

waste disposal Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish eliminacin de residuosSource: Gua de

Geografa (2009)

waste overburden Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish exceso de residuosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

waste reduction Source: Geographyguide (2009)Spanish reduccin de residuosSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

water balance Source: Geography guide(2009)

Spanish balance hdricoSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

water scarcity Definition: (1) physicalwater scarcity where water resource development isapproaching or has exceeded sustainable levels. Itrelates water availability to water demand andimplies that arid areas are not necessarily waterscarce. (2) economic water scarcity where water isavailable locally but not accessible for human,institutional or financial capital reasons Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish escasez de aguaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

water usage Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish utilizacin del aguaSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

water-borne disease Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish enfermedad transmitida por el aguaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

watershed Related term: Synonym: drainagedivide Definition: the line defining the boundary of ariver or stream drainage basin and separating it fromadjacent basin(s) Source: Geography guide (2009)

Spanish divisoria de aguasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

wave action Related term: coastal processSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish accin de las olasSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

weather Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish tiempoSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

weathering Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish meteorizacinSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

wetlands Definition: areas that are regularlysaturated by surface water or groundwater, includingfreshwater marshes, swamps and bogs Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish humedalesSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

wildlife Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish vida animalSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

wind action Related term: coastal processSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish accin del vientoSource: Gua deGeografa (2009)

wind and water-formedfeatures Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish formas modeladas por el viento y elaguaSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

World Bank Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish Banco MundialSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

World Trade OrganizationAbbreviation: WTO Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish Organizacin Mundial del ComercioAbbreviation: OMC Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

written report Source: Geography guide(2009)Spanish informe escritoSource: Gua de Geografa

(2009)

WTO Full term: World Trade OrganizationSource: Geography guide (2009)Spanish OMCFull term: Organizacin Mundial delComercio Source: Gua de Geografa (2009)

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Y

youthful population Source:Geography guide (2009)Spanish poblacin de edad media endisminucinSource: Gua de Geografa (2009)

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Zzoning Related term: Synonym: land useplanning Source: Geography guide (2009)Spanish zonificacinSource: Gua de Geografa(2009)

Documents

English-Spanish Glossary of Geography Terms