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Entry-Level Training
for Commercial MotorVehicle Operators
49 CFR Part 380
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Driver Qualifications
380.503 (a)
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Driver Requirements
A driver must meet the following requirements:
Be in good health and physically able to performall duties of a driver.
Be at least 21 years of age. Speak and read English well enough to converse
with the general public, understand highwaytraffic and signals, respond to official questions,and be able to make legible entries on reportsand records.
Be able to drive the vehicle safely
Have only one valid commercial motor vehicleoperators license.
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Driver Responsibilities
Is your cargo properly secured?
Are you familiar with methods and procedures forsecuring cargo in a commercial motor vehicle?
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Disqualification ofDrivers
A driver is disqualified from operating a commercial motorvehicle (CMV) on public highways, for the followingoffenses:
Driving a CMV while under the influence of alcohol.
Driving a CMV while under the influence of a disqualifyingdrug or other controlled substance.
Transporting or possessing a disqualifying drug orcontrolled substance.
Leaving the scene of an accident that involves a CMV.
Using a CMV to commit a felony.
Using a CMV to violate an Out-of-Service Order.
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Driver Medical Qualifications
Minimum Standards to maintain medicalcertification.
Vision
Hearing Hypertension
Other health-related problems Drug use Alcoholism
Epilepsy Diabetes Mental disorders Limb impairment
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Vision Standards
Must have at least 20/40 (Snellen) in each eyewith or without corrective lenses.
Field of vision of at least 70 degrees in the
horizontal meridian in each eye. Ability to recognize the colors of traffic signals
and devices showing standard red, green, andamber.
If a driver meets the above criteria using
corrective lenses, your medical certificate mustread Qualified only if wearing corrective lenses.
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Hearing Standards
Must perceive a forced whispered voice at notless than 5 feet with or without use of hearingaid.
Does not have an average hearing loss greaterthan 40 decibels at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hzwith or without hearing aid.
If a driver meets the above criteria with anhearing aid, your medical certificate must read
Qualified only when wearing a hearing aid.
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Hypertension Guidelines
Stage 1: Blood pressure is between 140/90 and 159/99 Driver can get a one-year certification. Must have a DOT re-certification exam each year thereafter.
At re-certification, blood pressure must be equal or less than140/90 to obtain another one-year certification.
If blood pressure falls between 140/90 and 159/99, a one-timecertification for 3 months may be issued.
Stage 2: Blood pressure is between 160/100 and 179/109 One-time certificate for 3 months can be issued.
Drivers must seek professional help and lower blood pressuredown to or less than 140/90
Driver can get one-year certification
Driver must be re-certified every year thereafter Stage 3: Blood pressure exceeds 180/110
Will be medically disqualified
Must bring blood pressure down to 140/90 or less to receive six-month certification
Must seek re-certification every six months
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Drug Use Standard
A driver may NOT use a controlled substancesuch as an amphetamine, narcotic, or any otherhabit-forming drug. EXCEPTION: A driver may use such a substance or drug if
the drug is prescribed by a licensed medical practitioner whois familiar with the drivers medical history and assignedduties AND drug will not adversely affect the drivers abilityto safely operate a CMV.
Motor carriers may obtain a practitioners writtenstatement about how the use of a particular drugaffects transportation safety.
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Alcoholism Standard
A driver must have no currentclinical diagnosisof alcoholism.
After counseling and/or treatment, a driver maybe considered for medical certification.
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Other Health Standards
Epilepsy
A driver with epilepsy, or any other condition which is likely tocause loss of consciousness will NOT be medically certified todrive a CMV.
MentalDisorders A driver must not have any mental, nervous, organic or functionaldisease or psychiatric disorder likely to interfere with ability to drivea CMV.
Diabetes A driver must not have any established medical history or clinical
diagnosis of diabetes mellitus currently requiring insulin for control. Loss of Limb
If there is loss of a foot, leg, hand, or an arm, the driver cannot bemedically certified UNLESS the driver possesses a SkillPerformance Evaluation Certificate.
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Hours of Service
380.503 (b)
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Introduction
According to the US Department of Transportation,the revised Hours of Service Regulations:
Will save up to 75 lives and prevent as many as1,326 fatigue-related crashes annually
Move toward a 24-hour work-rest cycle
Increase the opportunity for restorative sleep byincreasing the amount of off-duty time by twohours
Strike a balance between uniform and consistentenforcement, and operational flexibility
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Who Must Comply?
All employers, employees, drivers, andcommercial motor carriers that transportproperty in interstate commerce
Property carrying Commercial Motor Vehiclesare defined as: Having a Gross Vehicle/Combination Weight/Rating of
10,001 lbs. or more
OR
Transporting hazardous materials of a type and quantityrequiring placards
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On-Duty Time Defined
All time at a carrier or shipper plant, terminal,facility, or other property, or on any publicproperty, waiting to be dispatched
All time inspecting equipment or inspecting,servicing or conditioning any motor vehicle
All driving time
All time (other than driving time) in or upon anycommercial motor vehicle except time resting in
a sleeper berth
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On-Duty Time Defined
All time loading or unloading a commercial motorvehicle, supervising, or assisting in the loadingor unloading, attending a commercial motorvehicle being loaded or unloaded, remaining in
readiness to operate the commercial motorvehicle, or in giving receipts for shipmentsloaded or unloaded
Repairing or waiting for a vehicle to be repaired
Providing a breath or urine sample (incl. travel) Performing any work for a motor carrier
Performing compensated work for anyone
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Hours of Service Rules
Limits on Driving:
A maximum of 11 Hours Driving after which a
driver must have at least10
consecutive hours off-duty before drivingagain
A maximum period on-duty of 14 consecutivehours after which a driver must have at least 10consecutive hours off-duty before drivingagain
A maximum of 60 hours on-duty in any 7consecutive days OR70 hours on-duty in any 8consecutive days. Once reaching these limits, thedriver cannot drive again until cumulative hours arebelow 60 or 70, whichever is applicable.
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14 Hour On-Duty Rule
No driver may drive for any period after the end of the 14th
consecutive hour after having come on-duty following 10consecutive hours off duty.
Time logged off-duty for meals, load/unload delays, fueling, etc.
will not extend the1
4 hour on-duty period. The 14 hour on-duty period can only be extended by sleeper
berth time. (Refer to sleeper berth rules for application.)
Off-duty time that occurs during a tour of duty must be includedwhen calculating the 14 consecutive hour on-duty period.However, it is not included when calculating compliance with the
60/70 hour rule. There is a 16-hour exception to this rule, but it will not be useful
in route design or planning.
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60/70 Hours of Service Rule
The 60/70 hour rule prohibits a driver fromdriving for any period after having been on duty:
60 hours in any 7 consecutive day periodOR
70 hours in any 8 consecutive day period
A driver may engage in non-driving work afterreaching the limit, but the hours must be addedto the total
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34 Hour Restart Rule
A Drivers hours accumulated in a 7 or 8 dayperiod may be restarted after taking 34 or moreconsecutive hours off-duty
Returning to work after 34 consecutive hours off-duty gives the driver 60 or 70 available hours,whichever applies.
Can only be used if 60/70-hour limit has not beenexceeded
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SleeperBerth
10-hour break may be taken in two separateperiods
Neither period may be less than 2 hours
The two periods must total at least 10 hours (ifless than 10 hours, the sleeper berth time doesNOT count)
Only time in the sleeper berth may be recordedas sleeper-berth time
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Log Book Specifics
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Driver Responsibilities
Log entries must be current
Name of city, town, and state where each change of dutystatus occurs must be recorded in the remarks section (city&/or town cannot be abbreviated)
Entries must be made in drivers own writing Time standard at the home terminal must
be used
Entries must be completed in duplicate
Entries for multiple days off or vacationsmay be consolidated onto a single log
Original record of duty status must be submitted to thecarrier within 13 days
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Record Keeping
Keep a copy of each record for the previous 7consecutive days in your possession andavailable for inspection while on duty
Carrier must keep records of duty status and allsupporting documents for 6 months
100 air-mile radius truck drivers may continue touse a time card or time sheet as their record ofduty status
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Objectives of The Hours of Service
Why do we have Ruleslike the Hours of Service?
To permit commercial motor vehicle (CMV) driversadditional opportunities for quality rest andrestorative sleep
To reduce the number of crashes caused by drowsy,
tired, or fatigued CMV drivers.
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Driver Fatigue Facts
Starting the work-week tired is the single mostimportant factor influencing truck driver fatigue
31 percent of all fatal collisions involvingcommercial drivers most likely involve fatigue
Caffeine may help create a state of physicalstimulation, but not necessarily maintain mentalalertness
Sleep is NOT a voluntary activitysleep will
occur regardless of a drivers will to prevent it
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Symptoms of Fatigue
Frequent yawning
Your body feels stiff or eyes close and havetrouble focusing
Squirming in your seat Day dreaming
Tailgating or suddenly braking for no reason
Inconsistent, variable acceleration
Trouble keeping your head up
Drifting in your lane
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Methods on How to Combat Fatigue
Sleeping during normal hours can reducedriver fatigue
When you get tired, stop driving
Use your down-time wisely Plan your trips to include stopping at a location
that will allow you to get quality rest
Eat a well-balanced diet and exercise regularly
Keep fresh air in your vehicle Use medications cautiously, particularly
prescription medications
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BOTTOM LINE
Most often you control your own sleepingpatterns
Examine your own personal sleep habits to helpreduce your exposure to the dangers of drivingwhile fatigued
THE ONLY SAFE DRIVER IS AN ALERT DRIVER!!
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Driver Wellness
380.503 (c)
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What is Wellness?
An Ongoing Process
Awareness
Personal Responsibility
Making choices towards a more positive andbalanced healthy lifestyle
An Attitude
Optimal HealthQuality of Life!
HEALTHY LIFESTYLES CAN PREVENT DISEASE
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Elements of a Healthy Lifestyle
Good Nutrition: Eating Right
Weight Management
Proper Rest
Proper Hygiene
Physical Activity
Avoidance of Tobacco
Avoidance ofDrugs & excess Alcohol
Stress Management
Cholesterol & Blood Pressure Control
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Steps to Eating Right
Eat a variety of foods
Maintain a healthy weight
Limit saturated fat
Eat plenty of vegetables, fiber and grains
Use sugars, salt, and sodium in moderation
Drink responsibility and in moderation
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Food Pyramid
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Calorie Facts
A calorie is a unit that measures energy.
Sources Include:
Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
Alcohol
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Fats
How much can I have?
30 percent of calories
73 grams of fat in a 2,200-calorie diet
Saturated fats
Monounsaturated fats
Polyunsaturated fats
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Sugars
Sugars include:
White sugar
Brown sugar
Corn syrup
Honey
Molasses
Added Sugars include:
Candy
Soft drinks
Jams and Jellies
Fruit canned in heavysyrup
Chocolate Milk
Sugar that you add
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Salt & Sodium
Foods high in salt and sodium:
Cured meats
Luncheon meats
Many cheeses
Most canned soups and vegetables
Soy sauce
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Weight Management
What is Obesity? Chronic condition defined by an excess amount body fat
Facts: 55% of truck drivers are overweight (national average is
20.9%)
Health Risks associated with obesity: Insulin resistance
Type-2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Stroke
Heart attack
Cancer
Sleep apnea
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Personal Hygiene
Body Odor Two kinds of Sweat:
Eccrine
Apocrine
Tips to control body odor: Bathe at least once daily with an antibacterial soap
Use a deodorant with aluminum or zinc
Launder clothing more often
Avoid the regular consumption of spicy or sharp-smelling
foods
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Personal Hygiene Cont.
Bad Breath
Causes: Improper hygiene
Diet Gum Disease
Smoking
Tips to control bad breath: Brush and floss regularly
Schedule regular dental check-ups Use a tongue scraper
Drink plenty of water
Use mouthwash
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Physical Activity
Drivers need to be in good physical condition towork safely
Physical activity to maintain a healthy body
CAUTION!!
Before starting any new program of physical
activity, the first thing all drivers should do is geta complete physical and discuss the exerciseprogram with their doctor
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Exercise
Boosts energy levels & mental capacity
Reduces stress
Reduces risk of disease
Improves Flexibility
Sleep
Overall sense of well-being
Center forDisease Control recommendsexercising for 30 minutes per day
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Exercise Tips forDrivers
Walking or running around a truckstop
Riding a bicycle Can be carried on truck
Fold-up bicycles are available
Many stretching exercises can be done in yoursleeper: Knee to chest stretch
Sitting stretch
Standing and extension Quadriceps
Use small weights (dumb bells) in or out of thetruck
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Tobacco
50% of truck drivers smoke National overall average is 25%
Cigarettes are recognized as a major cause ofcancer and heart disease
Dipping is 4 times more dangerous than smoking
One person dies every 10 seconds from smoking
Nicotine inhalation also causes a shock-wave inblood sugar levels
Tobacco smoking produces deficiencies of manyvitamins
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Alcohol Use
Definition: The intoxicating agent in beverage alcohol, medications,
food, or other consumable source
Most widely used and abused drug
Major factor in most suicides, homicides,domestic violence, and accidents
Alcohol is a poison that kills cells in the brain,heart, liver, and pancreas
Excessive alcohol use is responsible for 100,000
deaths annually Alcohol consumption is the major cause of
vehicle accidents.
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Alcohol Facts
Alcohol is a DOWNER that reduces activity in thecentral nervous system
At intoxicating doses, alcohol can decrease heartrate, lower blood pressure and respiration rate,and result in decreased reflex responses andslower reaction times.
Alcohol consumption can induce sleep disorders
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Drug Use
Marijuana THC, an active ingredient found in marijuana, can be found
in the body for up to 6 weeks after use Can cause serious impairment to your driving ability, image
distortion, paranoia, and rapid changes in emotion
Amphetamines Can cause high blood pressure, dizziness, fever,
convulsions, blurred vision Long term use can cause acne, malnutrition and frequent
illness
Cocaine Can cause damage to your brain, heart, and liver Can cause aggressive behavior, convulsions, seizures, and
strokes
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Drug Use Cont.
Opiates Includes heroin, opium, morphine, and codeine
Commonly found in prescription medications
Highly addictive, both physically and psychologically
Can cause restlessness, mood swings, loss ofconsciousness and even coma
PCP Can cause irrational, panicked, and violent behavior
Can cause flashbacks for years after use
Exists in many forms: May be swallowed, chewed, orsmoked
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Bottom Line on Alcohol and Drugs
Bottom Line
If you are convicted of being under the influenceof alcohol or drugs, you WILL lose your CDL from
one year to LIFE. Positive drug/alcohol test results will follow you
to a new employer
IS IT WORTH IT???
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Stress Management
Stress is the physical and mental response toany demand made on an individual
Stress has been linked to illnesses and diseases
Stress has been linked to fatigue Stress results from failure to adequately cope
with stressors Traffic
Demanding employer
Family problems Deadlines
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How Can I Manage Stress Better?
Become aware of your stressors and youremotional and physical reactions
Recognize what you can change
Build your physical reserves (exercise) Reduce the intensity of your emotional reactions
to stress
Learn to moderate your physical reactions tostress
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Road Rage
Defined as a societal condition where motoristslose their temper in reaction to a trafficdisturbance
Road rage is a serious issue of traffic safety - thesafety of yourself and others
How not to be a victim: Do not offend another driver
Dont engage
Adjust your attitude
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High Blood Pressure
What is High Blood Pressure?
The force of blood against the inside walls ofyour vessels plus your blood vessels' resistanceto blood flow create blood pressure
Causes: Blood vessels that are too narrow, which makes the heart
work harder to push blood through them
Blood vessels that are stiff and can't expand when blood ispushed through them
Blood with excessive sodium and water
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Whos at Risk for High Blood
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Who s at Risk for High BloodPressure?
People with blood relatives who have high bloodpressure, like a father, mother, or sibling
Men over the age of 55 - Women over the age of65
People who smoke People who are overweight
People with high cholesterol
People with diabetes
People who get little or no regular physicalactivity
At Risk? Talk to your doctor about HighBlood Pressure!
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Sleep Apnea, What is it?
Is a serious, potentially life-threatening conditionthat is far more common than generallyunderstood
A breathing disorder characterized by briefinterruptions of breathing during sleep
Characterized by choking sensations
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Sleep Apnea Facts
Types of Apnea: Obstructive (most common): Is caused by a blockage of the
airway, usually when the soft tissue in the rear of the throatcollapses and closes during sleep
Central: The brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe Mixed: a combination of obstructive and central
Affects more than twelve million Americans
Risk Factors: Overweight
Being a male Over the age of 40
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Symptoms &Treatments
Symptoms of Sleep Apnea Sleepiness during the day
Loud snoring
Pauses in breathing
Other sleeping difficulties
Treatments Physical or Mechanical Therapy
Surgery
Behavioral Therapy
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Untreated Sleep Apnea
Untreated Sleep Apnea can cause:
High Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular disease
Memory Problems
Weight Gain
Impotency
Headaches
Job Impairment
MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES
* See your doctor for more information *
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Last Word on DriverWellness
A healthy lifestyle allows you to:
Look better
Feel better
Think better Work better
Live longer
Have a better quality of life
Wellness is:
A Lifelong JOURNEY not a DESTINATION!!
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WhistleblowerProtection
380.503 (d)
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Whistleblower Protection Laws
What are these laws?
These laws prohibit discrimination againstworkers who complain about safety violations
Your employer cannot terminate or discipline you
if you have filed a complaint or begun aproceeding related to a violation of a commercialmotor vehicle safety regulation, standard, ororder
You have the RIGHT to refuse to work in
hazardous or unsafe situations Your perception of a hazardous or unsafe condition must beREASONABLE
You must attempt to get the unsafe condition corrected byyour employer
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How do I File a Complaint?
You may file a complaint within 180 days of the allegedviolation, with the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA)
OSHA must investigate your complaint within 60 days ofreceiving your complaint
If OSHA decides it is reasonable to believe a violationoccurred, OSHA shall provide a preliminary order for relief
The employer and employee have the right to fileobjections of the preliminary order within 30 days ofdecision
If your employer does not comply with OSHAs decision,OSHA may bring a civil action to enforce the order
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Bottom Line
Your company cannot retaliate against you forreporting a violation
You must have followed proper procedures inreporting
Be reasonable with your employer in reportingyour perception of the hazardous or unsafeworking condition
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Questions & Discussions
Questions???
FurtherDiscussion???