Environment and Ecology Practice Questions Part-1

8/17/2019 Environment and Ecology Practice Questions Part-1

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Ecology Environment

1. Synecology deals with

A. ecology of many species

B. ecology of many populations

C. ecology of community

D. none of the above

2. Ecotype is a type of species in which environmentally induced variations are

A. temporary

B. Genetically fixed

C. genetically not related


3. The term “Biocoenosis” was proposed by

A. Transley

B. Karl Mobius

C. Warming


4. Energy flow in an ecosystem is

A. unidirectional

B. Bidirectional

C. Multidirectional

D. Cyclic

5. Flow of materials in an ecosystem is

A. unidirectional

B. Bidirectional

C. Multidirectional

D. Cyclic



6. Trophic levels are formed by

A. only plants

B. only animals

C. only carnivorous

D. organisms linked in food chain

7. Biotic potential is counteracted by

A. Competition with other organisms

B. Producer is the largest

C. Limitation of food supply

D. None of the above

8. Definition of ecosystem is

A. The community of organisms together with the environment in which they live

B. The abiotic component of a habitat

C. The part of the earth and its atmosphere which inhibits living organisms

D. A community of organisms interacting with one another

9. In a food chain of grassland ecosystem the top consumers are

A. Herbivorous

B. Carnivorous

C. Bacteria

D. Either carnivorous or herbivorous

10. Species that occur in di

erent geographical regions separated by special barrier are:

A. Allopatric

B. Sympatric

C. Sibling




11. Which of the following statement is true about the Ecotone?

A. It is meeting place of two diff erent eco-systems

B. It is meeting place of two same eco-systems

C. Density of species is very low here

D. All of the above.

12. Consider the following statements about the estuary:

1. Estuary is place where the river fresh waster meets with ocean water

2. This area is highly productive

3. This area is highly unproductive

4. All of the above

Which of above the statements is/are true?

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

C. 1 and 2

D. 3 only

13. Which of following statement is incorrect about the Biosphere?

A. Biosphere is combination of lithosphere, hydrosphere and Atmosphere

B. Biosphere is missing at extreme of north and south pole

C. Organisms are uniformly present in Biosphere

D. All of the above

14. In an ecotone, the species which become abundant are called:

A. Edge species

B. Keystone species

C. Endemic species

D. Foster species

15. The pyramid of energy in terrestrial ecosystem is

A. upright B. inverted C. spindle shaped D. none of these



16. The pyramid of numbers is inverted in the case of

A. parasitic food chain

B. forest land ecosystem

C. grassland ecosystem

D. lake ecosystem

17. Which of the following ecological pyramid is always upright?

A. pyramid of energy

B. pyramid of number

C. pyramid of biomass

D. none of these

18. Pyramid of numbers in a single tree is


19. The graphic representation of number of individuals of di erent species belonging

to each tropic level in an ecosystem is

A. Pyramid of energy

B. Pyramid of number

C. pyramid of biomass

D. Ecological pyramid

20. Pyramid of biomass is inverted in

A. Forest ecosystem B. Grassland ecosystem C. Fresh water ecosystem D. Tundra

21. In Pond ecosystem, pyramid of biomass is


22. In grassland ecosystem, pyramid of biomass is


23. Which of the following system is incorrect regarding ecological pyramid?

A. The pyramid of energy is inverted in ocean ecosystem

B. The pyramid of biomass is inverted in aquatic ecosystem



C. The pyramid of numbers is upright in grassland ecosystem

D. The pyramid of biomass is upright in grassland ecosystem

24. Red data book contains data of

A. all plant species

B. all animal species

C. economically important species

D. threatened species

25. Which of the following region has maximum diversity

A. mangroves B. temperate rainforest C. taiga D. coral reefs

26. Biodiversity

A. increases towards the equator

B. decreases towards the equator

C. remains same throughout the planet

D. has no eff ect on change in latitude

27. The most important reason for decrease in biodiversity is

A. habitat pollution

B. introduction of exotic species

C. over-exploitation

D. habitat destruction

28. Hot spots are regions of high

A. rarity B. endemism C. critically endangered population D. diversity

29. Biodiversity Hotspot are characterized on the basis of:

A. Endemic flowering plant and threat perception

B. Endemic flowering plant

C. S pecies of flowering plants

D. None of above



30. The most important human activity, leading to the extinction of wildlife, is

A. Pollution of wildlife, is

B. Hunting for valuable wildlife products

C. Introduction of alien species

D. Alternation and destruction of the natural habitats

31. If we uncover half of the forest, covering of the earth, what crisis will be produced at

most and at first?

A. Some species will be extinct

B. Population and ecological imbalance will rise up

C. Energy crisis will occur

D. Rest half forests will maintain this imbalance

32. What is the major cause of diminishing wildlife number?

A. Felling of trees

B. Cannibalism

C. Habitat destruction

D. Paucity of drinking water

33. Viable material of endangered species can be preserved by

A. Gene bank B. Gene library C. Gene pool D. Herbarium

34. Which group of vertebrates comprises the highest number of endangered species?

A. Mammals B. Fishes C. Birds D. Reptiles

35. Which of the following is mainly responsible for the extinction of wild life

A. Pollution of air and water

B. Hunting of flesh

C. Destruction of Habitats

D. All of these



36. Consider the following classification of Biodiversity:

1.Alpha-diversity – Between-community diversity

2. Beta-diversity – Within-Community diversity

3.Gamma diversity – Overall Biodiversity

Which among the above is/are incorrectly paired?

A. Only 2 B. Only 3 C. 1 and 2 D. 1, 2 and 3

37. What is the meaning of coral bleaching?

A. Paling of coral color or decline in zooxanthellae due to climate change

B. Impacts of excessive sea trade on fishing industry

C. Both a and b


38.A high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) indicates that:

A. water is pure

B. absence of microbial action

C. Low level of microbial pollution

D. High level of microbial pollution

39. Growing agricultural crops between rows of planted trees is known as

A. Social forestry B. Jhum C. Taungya system D. Agroforestry

40. The cutting down of trees and setting them on fire and raising crops on the resulting

ash is called:

A. Pyrolysis B. Jhum C. Taungya system D. Shift cultivation

41. What percent of area in the plain should be under forest?

A. 33% B. 67% C. 30% D. 10%

42. Algal bloom is the result of

A. Global warming B. Salination C. Eutrophication D. Biomagnification



43. Which of the following is not among the four coral reef regions of India identified by

the Government for intensive conservation and management?

A. Gulf of Mannar

B. Gulf of Khambat

C. Lakshadweep Islands

D. Andaman and Nicobar Islands

44. The relationship between water fern Azolla and cyanobacterium Anabaena is :

A. Symbiotic

B. Mutualistic

C. Commensalism

D. Proto-Cooperation

45. Which one of the following is a useful biological indicator of Sulphur-dioxide

pollution ?

A. Bryophytes B. Algal blooms C. Pseudomonas D. Lichens

46. In Nitrogen Cycle, soil nitrates are transformed into free nitrogen by:

A. Nitrifying bacteria

B. Denitrifying bacteria

C. Ammonifying bacteria

D. Both [A] and[C]

47. An aquatic plant introduced from America to check pollution turned out to be a

troublesome weed in Indian water bodies. The name of this ‘invasive alien species’ is :

A. Opuntia B. Aegilops C. Eichhornia D. Pistia

48. ‘Lion-tailed macaque’ is the key faunal species of which Biosphere Reserve?

A. Nilgiri B. Dehang-Debang C. DibruSaikhowa D. Nokrek

49. Consider the statements about the Biosphere, which one is correct?

A. Conserve the diversity of plants, animals and micro organism

B. Conserve the diversity and integrity of animal only

C. Conserve the diversity and integrity of micro organism only D. All of the above



50. Which of following is part of world network of Biosphere?

A. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

B. Sunderban Biosphere Reserve

C. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve D. All of the above

51. Consider the following statements about the biodiversity hotspot?

I) Norman Mayer is associated with scientists responsible for making the list of biodiversity

hotspot

II) These areas are biodiversity rich and species are endemic to this area

III) Biodiversity is under the threat

Which of above the statement is/are true?

A. I B. I and II C. I, II and III D. III

52. Which of following is hotspot in India?

A. Western Ghat B. Simlipal C. Sundarban D. Nanda Devi

53. The Temperate Grassland or Shrub-Land Biome is commonly known as –

1. Steppe in Central Asia

2. Prairie in North America

3. Veld in South America

Choose the correct option:

A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3

54. Which of following is incorrectly matched:

A. Sunderban : West Bengal

B. Simplipal : Tamilnadu

C. Nanda Devi : Uttarakhand

D. Manas : Assam

55. Consider the following statements about the functions of wetland

I) It stores the flood

II) It recharges the ground water



III) It provides diff erent products such as fish, timber etc

Which of above the statements are true about the function of wetland?

A. I B. II C. I,II and III D. III

56. Which of following statement is correct about the wetland in India?

A. Tso Marari and Chandartal are Glaciated Wetlands

B. Chilka in Odisha is an example of lagoon wetland

C. Loktak lake is oxbow wetland it is in Manipur D. All of the above

57. Consider the following statements about the Mangrove forests

I) Mangrove trees grow in saline coastal regions

II) Sundarban is world largest mangrove forest

III) Mangrove forest support varieties of life

IV) Andaman and Nicobar island also have mangrove forest

Which of above statements are true or correct?

A. I only B. II only C. I, II , III and IV D. IV only

58. Lantana – know as Phool Lakhri in local parlance, is a shrub found in abundance inHimachal Pradesh.

1. It is a toxic weed and has aff ected the mountain diversity of the state.

2. Lantana species are widely cultivated for their flowers.

3. It is endemic to India.

4. It is considered as potential fire hazard and it is combustible even when green.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct about it?

A. 1, 2 & 4 only. B. 2 & 4 only. C. 1 & 3 only. D. 1, 2, 3 & 4.

59. Consider the following animals found in India

1. Namdapha flying squirrel 2. Pygmy hog

3. Nicobar White-tailed Shrew

Which of the animals given above is/are critically endangered?




60. Which of the following two criteria have to be met in order to qualify as a

‘biodiversity hotspot’ on the world hotspots map?

1. The region must contain at least 0.5 percent or 1500 species of vascular plants as endemic

species.

2. The region has to have lost at least 70 percent of its primary vegetation.

Choose the correct option:

A. Only 1 B. Only 2 C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2

61. The ‘Red Data Book’ is the documention of rare and endangered species of :

1. Animals 2. Plants 3. Fungi

A. Only 1 B. 1 and 2 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3

62. The ‘Olive Ridley turtles’ are considered to be endangered because of their few

remaining nesting sites in the world. In this context, which among the following

Statement(s) is/are correct ?

1. Their peculiar behaviour of synchronized nesting in mass numbers is known as ‘Arribada’.

2. Gahirmatha Beach in Orissa is one of their few nesting grounds in the world.


63. Consider the following Mangrove areas:

1. Bhitarkanika 2. Pichavaram 3. Coondapur

Which among the above is/are situated on the Eastern Coast of India?


64. Which among the following is key faunal species that is being conserved and

monitored in ‘Dachigam National Park’ ?

A. Musk Deer

B. Golden Oriole

C. Yellowthroated Marten

D. Hangul or Kashmir Stag



65. Consider the following Statements regarding ‘Keibul lamjao National Park’:

1. It is an integral part of Loktak lake and also the only floating National Park in the world.

2. The animal species conserved here is the endangered ‘Brow-antlered deer’ or Sangai.

3. The national park is characterized by many floating decomposed plant materials locally

called ‘phumdis’.

Which among the above Statement(s) is/are correct?


66. Which among the following awards has been recently instituted by the Government

of India for individuals or communities from rural areas that have shown extraordinary

courage and dedication in protecting Wildlife?

A. Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar

B. Medini Puruskar Yojana

C. Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award

D. Pitambar Pant National Award

67. Consider the following Tiger Reserves of India:

1. Udanti Sitanadi – Rajasthan

2. Dandeli Anashi – Chattisgarh

3. Sariska – Orissa

4. Satkosia – Karnataka

Which of the above Tiger Reserves are correctly paired with their respective locations?

A. 1 and 2 B. 1, 2, and 4 C. 2 ,3 and 4 D. None of them

68. Consider the following Statements:

1. The State of Forests Report (SFR) is brought out by Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.

2. The forest cover assessment of India is published in this annual report.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct in this regard?




69. Consider the following statements regarding Keoladeo National Park (formerly

known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary) :

1. It is one of the Ramsar Wetlands of International Importance.

2. It is inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage list.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?


70. The largest number of Tiger Reserves are located in :

A. Karnataka

B. Andhra Pradesh

C. Madhya Pradesh

D. West Bengal

71. The Siberian Crane, an endangered migratory bird is a regular visitor of which of

the following national park/bird sanctuaries:

A. Ranganathittu bird sanctuary

B. Keoladeo national park

C. Vedanthangal bird sanctuary

D. Sultanpur bird sanctuary

72. Which of the following Indian States/UT has the maximum percentage of mangrove

cover in the country ?

A. Gujarat

B. West Bengal

C. Andaman and Nicobar

D. Orissa

73. All species of ‘Lemur’ are endemic to which among the following places of the

world?

A. Seychelles Islands

B. Galapagos Islands

C. New Caledonia D. Madagascar



74. Which among the following is the World’s largest Wetland System?

A. Camargue (France)

B. Okavango (Botswana)

C. Everglades (USA)

D. Pantanal (South America)

75. Identify the correct match between tiger reserve and its state

A. Manas – Assam

B. Corbett – Madhya Pradesh

C. Bandipur – Tamil Nadu

D. Palanau – Orissa.

76. Which of the following is the matching pair of a sanctuary and its main protected

wild animal?

A. Kaziranga – Musk deer

B. Gir – Lion

C. Sunderban – Rhino

D. All of these.

77. Identify the correctly matched pair

A. Corbett park Aves

B. Runn of Kutch Wild ass

C. Gir forest Rhino

D. Kajiranga-Elephant.

78. Minamata disease was caused by pollution of water by

A. mercury B. lead C. tin D. methyl iso cyanate

79. Green house e ect is caused by

A. Caused by combustion of many gases

B. Caused by CO2, CH4, CFC, NO2 gases

C. Hydrocarbons and Nitrogens D. None of these



80. Which of the following is regarded as the main cause of groundwater

contamination?

A. agricultural products

B. landfills

C. septic tanks

D. All of the above main sources of ground water contamination.

81. Which among the following is the most abundant Green-House-Gas (GHG) in the

earth’s atmosphere?

A. Carbon dioxide

B. Water Vapour

C. Sulphur Dioxide

D. Tropospheric Ozone

82. The use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants such as oil spills in the

water bodies is known as :

A. Biomagnification

B. Bioremediation

C. Biomethanation

D. Bioreduction

83. The ranking of countries as the highest per capita emitters of Carbon Dioxide in the

world, takes into account their annual CO2 emissions from :

1. Burning of fossil fuels

2. Cement Manufacture

3. Land Use such as deforestation


84. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Photochemical smog always contains Ozone.

B. The toxic eff ect of Carbon Monoxide is due to its greater affinity for haemoglobin as

compared to oxygen.

C. Lead is the most hazardous metal pollutant of automobile exhaust.




85. Which of following can be used for controlling Gaseous Pollutant?

A. Arrestor

B. Incineration

C. Absorption

D. None of above

86. Which of following is One of the best solutions to get rid of non-biodegradable

wastes is :

A. Recycling waste

B. Burying waste

C. Burning waste D. All of the above

87. Consider following statements about the Ozone Hole

I) Ozone formation and destruction keep on happening

II) Ozone destruction rate is higher than its formation rate

III) Ozone destruction rate is equal to the its formation rate

Which of above statement is/ are true?

A. I only B. I and II Only C. I and III only D. III Only

88. Earlier there was balance between the formation and destruction of Ozone layer but

after the release of varieties of harmful substances into atmosphere, this balance has

been disturbed. Now rate of destruction is higher than the rate of formation of Ozone

layer which is causing widening of Ozone hole. CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons) is one of the

sources responsible for causing hole in Ozone layer, which of following statement is

correct about the CFC:

A. CFC is made of Chlorine, fluorine, and carbon

B. CFC is released from Refrigerant, foams in plastic manufacturing, etc

C. Refrigerant is the major source of CFC

D. All of the above



89. Nitrogen Oxide is also held responsible for the depletion of Ozone layer, which of

following is source of Nitrogen Oxide?

A. Industrial emission

B. Fertilizers which are used in agricultural activities

C. Thermonuclear weapons D. All of the above

90. Which of following is/are green house gas(es)?

A. Carbon dioxide B. Methane C. CFC D. All of the above

91. The pioneers in xerach succession is the

A. crustose lichen B. mosses C. foliose lichen D. shrubs

92. The final stable community in an ecological succession is called the

A. final community

B. ultimate community

C. climax community

D. seral community

93. The process of successful establishment of the species in a new area is called

A. sere B. climax C. invasion D. ecesis

94. The order of basic processes involved in succession is

A. Nudation->Invasion-> competition and co action->reaction->stabilization

B. Nudation->stabilization-> competition and co action->Invasion->reaction

C. Invasion-> Nudation->competition and co action->Reaction>stabilization

D. Invasion->stabilization-> competition and co action->Reaction->nudation

Explanation: Nudation->Invasion-> competition and co action->reaction->stabilization

95. The formation of a climax community from an abandoned farm land is a an

example of

A. Autogenic succession

B. Allogenic successsion

C. Primary succession

D. Secondary succession



96. The development of a bare area without any life form is called

A. nudation B. ecesis C. sere D. reaction

97. The conversion of a pond to a climax forest community is an example of

A. xerarch succession

B. mesarch succession

C. hydrarch succession D. all of these

98. The intermediate developmental stages in the ecological succession is called

A. sere B. ecesis C. climax D. nudation

99. All the statements are correct regarding ecological succession except

A. It is a random process

B. Species diversity increases as succession proceeds

C. The food chain relationships becomes more complex

D. The role of decomposers becomes more and more important

100. What is the complex of vegetation called when it undergoes no further change

unless the climate changes perceptibly

A. an ecosystem

B. climatic climax community

C. End of succession

D. Edaphic climax community

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Environment and Ecology Practice Questions Part-1