Environmental Impact Assessment · 2020. 6. 5. · Environmental Impact Assessment . April 2020 . MYA: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (formerly GMS

Environmental Impact Assessment April 2020

MYA: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Highway Modernization Project (formerly GMS East-West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project)

Appendixes Prepared by the Ministry of Construction of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in September 2019, available on https://www.adb.org/projects/50381-006/main#project-documents.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(as of 16 March 2020)

Currency unit – Myanmar Kyat (MK)

MK1.00 = US$ 0.000654

US$1.00 = MK 1,533

ABBREVIATIONS

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADB Asian Development Bank ADT Average Daily Traffic AHH Affected Household AP Affected Person BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities BOT Built Operate & Transfer BMS Bridge Management System CBR California Bearing Ratio CCSR Centre for Climate Systems Research CEMP Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CIA Cumulative Impact Assessment CMIP5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COI Corridor of Impact CR Critically Endangered CRRN Core Rural Road Network CSC Construction Supervision Consultant (also known as the Engineer) CSS Country Safeguard Systems dBA A weighted sound scale DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment DCP Dynamic Cone Penetrometer DD Detailed Design DEM Digital Elevation Model DHV Design Hour (Traffic) Volume DMF Design Monitoring Framework DOB Department of Bridges DOH Department of Highways DMH Department of Meteorology (Myanmar) DO Dissolved oxygen DTM Digital Terrain Model EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECD Environmental Conservation Department EMC External Monitoring Consultant EM-DAT Emergency Events Database EMP Environmental Management Plan EMP-CP Environmental Management Plan - Construction Phase EMP-OP Environmental Management Plan - Operations Phase EN Endangered ENSO El Nino-Southern Oscillation ESA Equivalent Standard Axle

ESMS Environmental and Social Management System ESSRSS Environment Social Safeguards and Road Safety Section of DOH EWEC East-West Economic Corridor FCG Focus Group Discussions for Poverty Social Assessment FMA Financial Management Plan FMAQ Financial Management Assessment Questionnaire FS Feasibility Study GAD General Administration Department under Ministry of Home Affairs GCM General Circulation Model GDP Gross Domestic Product GMS Greater Mekong Subregion GNI Gross National Income GNP Gross National Product GoM Government of Myanmar GPS Global Positioning System GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism HDM-4 Highway Development & Maintenance Management System (4) HIV / AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome H&S Health and Safety HWL High Water Level IDF Intensity-Duration-Frequency IEE Initial Environmental Examination IES International Environmental Specialist IFC International Finance Corporation IMF International Monetary Fund IOL Inventory of Loss IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPPF Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework IPSA Initial Poverty and Social Analysis IRP Income Restoration Program JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KII Key Informant Interviews for Poverty Social Assessment km Kilometre LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan LIDAR Light Imaging, Detecting and Ranging LSS Laser Scan Survey m Metre m3 Cubic metre MAV Multi-axle Vehicle MCA Multi-criteria Analysis MCCA Myanmar Climate Change Alliance mm Millimetre MOC Ministry of Construction MOEE Ministry of Electricity and Energy MONREC Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MSA Million Equivalent Standard Axles MSL Mean Sea Level MTC Manual Traffic Count NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA GISS NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies NASA GDDP NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections NES National Environmental Specialist NGO Nongovernment Organization NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States) NPT Nay Pyi Taw NMV Non-Motorized Vehicle NDT Non-destructive Testing O-D Origin-Destination Survey OJT On the Job Training O&M Operations and Maintenance PAP Project Affected Person Pcu Passenger Car Unit PM Particulate Matter PMU Project Management Unit PPE Personal Protective Equipment PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PSA Poverty and Social Assessment PSP Private Sector Participation PPP Public Private Partnership RAP Resettlement Action Plan RCP Representative Concentration Pathway RFQ Request for Quotation ROW Right of Way RSI Roadside Interview SBD Standard Bidding Documents SBST Single Bituminous Surface Treatment SES Socioeconomic Survey SIA Social Impact Assessment SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPS Safeguards Policy Statement SS Suspended Solids SSEMP Site-specific Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SPT Standard Penetration Test TA Technical Assistance TOR Terms of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme USD United States Dollars UXO Unexploded Ordnance VA Vulnerability Assessment Vdf Vehicle Damage Factor VER Valued Environmental Receptor VOC Vehicle Operating Costs VU Vulnerable WB World Bank WHO World Health Organization WWF World Wide Fund for Nature

NOTE

(i) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Table of Contents

A. Appendix A Sensitive Locations from Drone Survey .......................... 5

B. Appendix B Imagery from Google Earth ........................................... 17

C. Appendix C Baseline Data Collection ............................................... 24

C.1. Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................................. 24

C.2. Ambient Noise ......................................................................................................... 24

C.3. Water Quality ........................................................................................................... 25

C.4. Soil Quality .............................................................................................................. 27

C.5. Sampling Locations ................................................................................................. 29

C.6. Field Photos for Air and Noise Measurement .......................................................... 33

C.7. Field Photos for water sampling .............................................................................. 37

C.8. Field Photos for Soil sampling ................................................................................. 45

D. Appendix D Baseline Results ........................................................... 49

D.1. Appendix Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ................................................... 49

D.2. Appendix Ambient Noise Monitoring Results .......................................................... 66

D.3. Appendix Wind Speed and direction ....................................................................... 78

D.4. Appendix Surface and Groundwater Monitoring Results ........................................ 90

D.5. Appendix Soil and Sediment ................................................................................... 99

E. Appendix E Biodiversity Survey ..................................................... 102

E.1. Biodiversity Survey ................................................................................................ 102 E.1.1. Background ................................................................................................................ 102 E.1.2. Survey Methodology .................................................................................................. 102 E.1.3. Directional Walks ....................................................................................................... 103 E.1.4. Interviews with Villagers ............................................................................................. 104 E.1.5. Meteorology ............................................................................................................... 104 E.1.6. Floods in the Wet Season .......................................................................................... 104 E.1.7. Salinization in times of drought .................................................................................. 104 E.1.8. Findings at Intervals ................................................................................................... 104 E.1.9. Plant Species ............................................................................................................. 120 E.1.10. Tree Species .............................................................................................................. 126 E.1.11. Bird species ................................................................................................................ 130 E.1.12. Mammal species ........................................................................................................ 134 E.1.13. Amphibian Species .................................................................................................... 135 E.1.14. Reptile species ........................................................................................................... 135 E.1.15. Fish species ............................................................................................................... 137 E.1.16. Overview of Biodiversity Findings .............................................................................. 143

F. Appendix F - Climate Change Assessment .................................... 145

G. APPENDIX G QUARRY INVESTIGATIONS .................................. 153 G.1.1. Results of Quarry Investigations ................................................................................ 153 G.1.2. Sand Deposit .............................................................................................................. 161 G.1.3. Borrow Areas for Soils ............................................................................................... 163 G.1.4. Findings of Quarry Survey ......................................................................................... 163

H. Appendix H STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 1 ......................... 165

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H.1. 24 Jan. 2018: 2:30 PM – Department of Highway (DOH) Bago Township Office . 165

H.2. 25 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Bago .................................................. 165

H.3. 25 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Thanatpin .......................................... 167

H.4. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Waw .................................................. 169

H.5. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Kyaikto ............................................... 171

H.6. Photo Documentation of Government Consultation .............................................. 179

I. APPENDIX I Stakeholder Consultations 2 ..................................... 180

I.1. Records of Meeting No 1 GAD Meeting in Bago ................................................... 180

I.2. Records of Meeting No 2 GAD Meeting in Thanatpin ........................................... 184

I.3. Records of Meeting No 3 GAD Meeting in Waw ................................................... 188

I.4. Records of Meeting No 4 GAD Meeting in Kyaikto ............................................... 192

J. Appendix J Public Consultation SERIES 1 ..................................... 195

J.1. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #1 ............................................. 195





J.6. Attendance Sheets for Series 1 Public Consultations ........................................... 215

K. Appendix K Public Consultation SERIES 2 .................................... 243

K.1. Public Consultation schedule ................................................................................ 243

K.2. Participant lists (PADECO consultant team) ......................................................... 243

K.3. Participant lists (Staffs of Department of Highways, Ministry of Construction) ...... 243

K.4. Public consultation program .................................................................................. 244

K.5. Introduction of the project by the consultant team ................................................. 244

K.6. Discussion Sessions ............................................................................................. 250

K.7. Attendance Sheets for Series 2 Public Consultations ........................................... 253

L. APPENDIX L Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template .............................................................................................. 262

M. Myanmar policy and legal framework applicable to the Project ..... 265

N. References ..................................................................................... 277

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A. Appendix A Sensitive Locations from Drone Survey

Sensitive locations within the 500m COI have been identified by Drone and subsequently Ground Control. These are shown in the following Drone photos.

Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultants & Suntac Technologies, 2018

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Figure A-1 Temporary dwellings, food and shops, near start point to be avoided during construction


Figure A-2 Farm buildings to be avoided during construction


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Figure A-3 Hotel buildings to be avoided during construction


Figure A-4 Fish ponds to be avoided


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Figure A-5 Fish ponds to be avoided


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Figure A-6 Graves 10.5 metres outside the ROW


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Figure A-7 Stupa 50 m outside the ROW


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Figure A-8 Residential properties at 130m from edge of ROW


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Figure A-9 Residential dwellings at 185m from ROW


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Figure A-10 Prison Farm


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Figure A-11 Kathar Ancient city 4kms from road alignment


Figure A-12 Golden Rock 16.7kms from alignment


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Figure A-13 New buildings 69 m and 164 m from alignment


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B. Appendix B Imagery from Google Earth

GoogleEarth Imagery is shown below.

Plate 1 - Km 00 Fishponds

Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultants & Google Earth Imagery

Plate 2 - 11km - 12 Fishponds


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Plate 3 - Km 12 Fishponds


Plate 4 - Graves 14+500


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Plate 5 - Graves


Plate 6 - Km 25 pagoda


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Plate 7 - Stupa 3 25+300


Plate 8 - Stupa 1 Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultants

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Plate 9 - Stupa in Background

Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultants

Plate 10 - 52+900 to 55+600 Prison Farm


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Plate 11 - Km 55 Prison


Plate 12 - Pipelines Chainage 58+000


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C. Appendix C Baseline Data Collection

C.1. Ambient Air Quality

The emission of dust particles and gases was measured for 24 hours continuously at the selected sites using the Environmental Parameter Air Station (EPAS) and results were compared with National Environmental Quality (NEQ Emission) Guidelines. EPAS provides direct readings in real time with data-logging capabilities. Air quality is composed of dust and gas emissions of the ambient air as shown below.

Table C-1 Ambient Air Quality

Ambient Air Quality (12 locations)

Gas Emission CO, CO2, SO2, NO2

Dust Emission PM10 & PM 2.5

Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultants, 2018

C.2. Ambient Noise

Noise level LAeq (dBA) was measured at the selected locations that are typical of the noise exposure of the nearest local community and at sensitive locations. Duration and frequency were measured for 24 hours continuously at the selected site using the Noise Meter. The monitoring procedures, data analysis and interpretation were carried out in accordance with the instrument’s manufacturer and National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines, World Health Organization (WHO) and International Finance Corporation (IFC) guidelines in order to be in line with Environmental Conservation Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Conservation (MONREC). The "National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines" for Myanmar present the value of a noise level as LAeq (dBA).

Table C-2 Noise level monitoring

Noise monitoring (12 locations)

Noise Emission LAeq (dBA) (1hrs, 24 hrs.)


Equipment used to measure ambient air and noise measurement are shown below in Table C-3.

Table C-3 Equipment used to measure ambient air and noise measurement

Davis Vantage Pro2 Wireless Weather Station

Provides detailed current weather conditions and expanded forecasts.

The Vantage Pro2 uses a frequency-hopping spread spectrum radio from 902 MHz to 928 MHz to transmit and receive data up to 1,000’ (300m) line of sight. In addition, the weather station features a bubble level, improved anemometer base, redesigned wind cups, and factory-calibrated wind direction. The integrated sensor suite combines temperature and humidity sensors, rain collector with an aluminum-plated tipping bucket, and anemometer into one package for easy setup. Measure inside and

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outside temperature and humidity, heat index, barometric pressure, dew point, rainfall, wind direction and speed, and wind chill.

Haz-Scanner EPAS

PM10, PM 2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, CO2, Temperature, and Relative Humidity

Digital Sound Level Meter

Noise and Vibration

Source: E Guard Environmental Services 2018

C.3. Water Quality

Water Samples were collected on site with appropriate sampling equipment and procedures. Physical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, Temperature of surface and ground water were measured on site by portable multi parameter water quality meter. The sampling team pre-arranged with the labs in Yangon for analysis and logistic arrangement made to ensure the preserved samples with unique identifications reached the designated labs within 48 hours. Up to this date, there is no laboratory having accredited certification for water quality testing in Myanmar. The following laboratories were used for analysis of water quality parameters as shown in Table C-4:

• ISO Lab, No-18, Lanthit Road, Insein Township, Yangon. Tel; 01 540 955, 732251575 • Occupational and Environmental Health Laboratory, No. (250), Lower Kyeemyindine Road, Ahlone Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Tel: 01 221387

Table C-4 Environmental Quality Parameters

Ground Water Parameter (1 location)

Physical Parameter Turbidity, TSS

Chemical Parameter BOD, COD, pH, EC, DO, Salinity

Nutrients Nitrate, Phosphate

Metals As, Pb, Hg

Compounds Oils & grease

Biological Fecal Coliform and/or Total Coliform


On-site water quality measurements and water sampling used the following equipment as shown in Table C-5.

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Table C-5 Equipment for water sampling

HORIBA U-50, Multiparameter Water Quality Meter

Multiple sensors allow for the measurement of 11 parameters simultaneously. (pH, pH(mv), ORP, DO, Salinity, TDS, Seawater Specific Gravity, Temperature, Turbidity, Water depth)

Patented auto-calibration features provide hassle free calibration of pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and turbidity.

Ultra-sensitive Turbidity Sensors (Models U-50) Precision has been improved over conventional instruments.

Improved stability of the dissolved oxygen sensor has been achieved with a new 3 electrode design for fast response and polarographic sensor for ease of maintenance.

pH and ORP electrodes can be replaced individually to reduce replacement costs.

Wildco Water Sampling Field Kit

For obtaining samples of water and plankton organisms, determining water transparency index, and measuring water depth to 20m. Includes one 1-liter horizontal style clear acrylic water bottle, thermometer (-40°C to +120°C in 1° graduations), 153µ mesh plankton net, standard secchi disc with black and white quadrants, and one 20m nylon line (can be marked with indelible ink).

Water Mark Horizontal Polycarbonate Water Bottle

Specifically designed for thin-layer stratification and near bottom studies. Collects water samples at any depth.

Constructed from clear polycarbonate, polyethylene and silicone, this bottle is EPA approved for “ultra-clean” analysis of water, including trace metals and organics.

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Proactive Environmental Products Tornado Sampling Pump

Ideal for continuous sampling or purging of groundwater wells, this pump can fit into a 2” dia. or larger well. The computer-engineered bottom debris screen separates debris from water and helps prevent damage to the pump motor. Capable of pumping up to 100’ from ground level.

Flow rate at maximum depth: 0.25 gpm. Power consumption: 210 watts (maximum). Maximum amp output: 14 amps. Dimensions: 27”L x 1.82” dia.


C.4. Soil Quality

Soil samples were collected on site with appropriate sampling equipment and procedures. The sampling team pre-arranged with the labs in Yangon for prompt analysis of the preserved samples. Up to this date, there is no laboratory having accredited certification for soil quality testing (environmental analysis) in Myanmar. West Yangon University (WYU) has been upgraded recently with sophisticated analyzers and equipment for environmental parameter analysis. The laboratory of Agricultural Department or WYU was used for sediment quality analysis. The following laboratories were used for analysis of soil parameters.

• WYU Lab, Department of Chemistry, West Yangon University. Tel; 09 5100559 • DAR Lab, Department of Agricultural Research, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw. Tel; 09

420700616 • Land Use, Department of Agriculture, Yangon Tel; 09 448544273

Table C-6 Soil Parameters

Soil (12 locations)

Soil Parameter Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nitrate, Phosphate


On-site water quality measurements, water, soil and sediment sampling were conducted using the following equipment as shown in Table C-7.

Table C-7 Equipment for soil sampling

Soil Sampler (One Piece Auger)

Augers are used for sampling to depths of 8'. These soil augers use snap pins to lock the cross handle, two concentric extendable extension pieces, and the bucket auger together. It is designed for easy transport and storage. Telescoping augers are just 5' 4" long and weigh between 5 to 8 lbs.

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Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers (EDX 8000)

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers detect fluorescent X-rays discharged by irradiating a sample with X-rays, thereby allowing the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements included within the sample. The EDX-7000/8000 systems’ new state-of-the-art semiconductor (SDD) detector offers a high fluorescent X-ray count per unit time. They are used in a wide range of industries and settings, for everything from ensuring compatibility to environmental regulations such as the EU's RoHS Directive to materials analysis for research purposes.

EDX-7000/8000 Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometers Features:

EDX-7000 measurement range: 11Na to 92U.

EDX-8000 measurement range: 6C to 92U.

Functional Design − Large Sample Chamber with Small Footprint (accommodates 210 mm x 297 mm x approx. 100 mmH, with little to no sample pretreatment.)

High Sensitivity − Lower Limit of Detection Improved 1.5 to 5 Times.

High Speed − Throughput Increased by up to a Factor of 10.

No Liquid Nitrogen Required.

The EDX-8000 features an SDD detector with a special ultra-thin-film window material that is able to detect ultra-light elements such as carbon (C), oxygen (O), and fluorine (F).

Automatic collimator switching in four stages: 1, 3, 5, and 10 mm diameter.

Sample observation camera included standard.

Incorporate five primary filters as standard (six, including the open position), which can be automatically changed using the software.

The collimators and primary filters are driven independently and can be combined to address specific requirements.

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UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, JANWAY 6305

The 6305 spectrophotometer is suited to a wide range of applications in education, quality control, environmental and clinical analysis. This model is a UV/visible spectrophotometer covering a wavelength range from 198nm to 1000nm, with measurement modes for absorbance, % transmittance and concentration. It has full interfacing capability for Analogue output and serial (RS232) interfacing. The optical system is independently housed and isolated with lenses to give maximum protection from environmental contamination. Combined with a mechanically rigid structure, this model provides a system with fast warm-up, low drift and high reliability.


C.5. Sampling Locations

Air quality was monitored at the 12 selected locations that start at National Highway-1 (ET # 01), Bago River (ET # 02), Bago to Thanlyin Road ( ET # 03), Bago-Sittaung Canal (ET # 06), Farm land (ET # 08), Canal at Km 37 (ET # 09), Km 49 River Crosses Trib (ET # 11), Sittaung River Mon State (ET # 12), Ka Lun Chaung Km 56 (ET # 13), Sein Ka Inn Lake Km 59 (ET # 14), National Highway-8 Crossing Km 63 (ET # 15) and Ending on National Highway-8 ( ET # 17).

The rational for selecting the sampling points was based on equidistant spacing along the alignment, crossing of water courses, proximity to potential noise sources and places where air pollution may be elevated.

Figure C-1 Location of Environmental Quality Monitoring Points


Some air quality monitoring locations were located on farmland so these were changed to locations near the village. Ground and surface water quality sampling locations are near air quality monitoring points or close to a functioning well or hand pump, canal, stream and river. Soil sampling locations were selected at the same locations as ground water quality sampling. The irregular numbering of the sampling points is due to there being originally 17 points but this was reduced to 12.

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Figure C-2 Location of Air Monitoring Points


Figure C-3 Water Quality Sampling Locations


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Figure C-4 Soil Quality Sampling Locations


Table C-8 Location of sampling points

Locations No. Points Coordinate Locations

Ambient Air Quality and Noise Monitoring Locations

1. ET # 1 Lat- 17°14'58.977"N,

Long- 96°28'00.551"E Start at NH-1

2. ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'12.12"N,

Long- 96°29'49.30"E Bago River ( Auksidie Village)

3. ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'27.285"N,

Long- 96°33'11.217"E Bago to Thanlyin Road

4. ET # 6 Lat- 17°22'24.143"N,

Long- 96°38'18.203"E Bago-Sittaung Canal

5. ET # 8 Lat- 17°23'24.266"N,

Long- 96°43'39.987"E Farm land

6. ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.483"N,

Long- 96°46'39.179"E Canal at Km 37

7 ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'39.275"N,

Long- 96°51'27.955"E Km 49 River Crosses Trib

8 ET # 12

Lat- 17°24'13.704"N, Long-

96°53'39.48.003"E

Sittaung River Mon State

9 ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'41.864"N,

Long- 96°55'49.622"E Ka Lun Chaung Km 56

10 ET # 14 Lat- 17°21'13.405"N,

Long- 97°00'23.428"E Sein Ka Inn Lake Km 59

11 ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'24.425"N,

Long- 96°59'30.612"E NH-8 Crossing Km 63

12 ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'31.940"N,

Long- 97°03'29.537"E Ending on NH-8

Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations

1. ET # 1 Lat- 17°14'58.352"N,


2. ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'06.22"N,

Long- 96°29´41.26"E Bago River ( Auksidie Village)

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3. ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'19.17"N,


4 ET # 6 Lat- 17°20'52.716N,


5 ET # 8 Lat- 17°23'27.64"N,


6 ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.497"N,


7 ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'54.32"N,


8 ET # 12 Lat- 17°24'13.05"N,

Long- 96°53'45.05"E Sittaung River Mon State

9 ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'37.999"N,


10 ET # 14 Lat- 17°20'25.491"N,


11 ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'22.922"N,


12 ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'28.218"N,


Ground Water Quality Monitoring Locations

1. ET # 1 Lat- 17°15'05.315"N,


2. ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'01.716"N,

Long- 96°29'47.778"E Bago River ( Auksidie Village)

3 ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'57.188"N,

Long- 96°32´32.737"E Bago to Thanlyin Road

4 ET # 6 Lat- 17°22'24.143"N,


5 ET # 8 Lat- 17°23'29.20"N,


6 ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.857"N,


7 ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'39.838"N,


8 ET # 12 Lat- 17°24'16.700"N,

Long- 96°53'45.888"E Sittaung River Mon State

9 ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'42.304"N,


10 ET # 14 Lat- 17°21'12.265"N,


11 ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'22.805"N,


12 ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'34.082"N,


Soil Quality Sampling Locations

1. ET # 1 Lat- 17°15'05.215"N,


2. ET # 2 Lat- 17°16'01.616"N,

Long- 96°29'47.668"E Bago River (Auksidie Village)

3 ET # 3 Lat- 17°18'56.57"N,


4 ET # 6 Lat- 17°22'24.93"N,


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5 ET # 8 Lat- 17°23'29.10"N,


6 ET # 9 Lat- 17°23'34.700"N,


7 ET # 11 Lat- 17°24'39.700"N,


8 ET # 12

Lat- 17°24'16.130"N, Long-

96°53'45.47.960"E Sittaung River Mon State

9 ET # 13 Lat- 17°23'42.74"N,


10 ET # 14 Lat- 17°21'12.164"N,


11 ET # 15 Lat- 17°21'22.693"N,


12 ET # 17 Lat- 17°18'32.02"N,



C.6. Field Photos for Air and Noise Measurement

Air Monitoring Point at ET # 1

Lat- 17°14'58.977"N, Long- 96°28'00.551"E

26.6.2018 to 27.6.2018


Lat- 17°16'12.12"N, Long- 96°29'49.30"E

25.6.2018 to 26.6.2018

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Lat- 17°18'27.285"N, Long- 96°33'11.217"E

24.6.2018 to 25.6.2018


Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, Long- 96°38'18.203"E

23.6.2018 to 24.6.2018


Lat- 17°23'24.266"N, Long- 96°43'39.987"E

21.6.2018 to 22.6.2018

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Lat- 17°23'34.483"N, Long- 96°46'39.179"E

20.6.2018 to 21.6.2018


Lat- 17°24'39.275"N, Long- 96°51'27.955"E

28.6.2018 to 19.6.2018


Lat- 17°24'13.704"N, Long- 96°53'39.48.003"E

17.6.2018 to 18.6.2018

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Lat- 17°23'41.864"N, Long- 96°55'49.622"E

16.6.2018 to 17.6.2018


Lat- 17°21'13.405"N, Long- 97°00'23.428"E

15.6.2018 to 16.6.2018


Lat- 17°21'24.425"N, Long- 96°59'30.612"E

13.6.2018 to 14.6.2018

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Lat- 17°18'31.940"N, Long- 97°03'29.537"E

12.6.2018 to 13.6.2018


C.7. Field Photos for water sampling

Ground water Sampling at ET # 1

Lat- 17°15'05.315"N, Long- 96°28'04.396"E

20.6.2018


Lat- 17°16'01.716"N, Long- 96°29'47.778"E

19.6.2018

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Lat- 17°18'57.188"N, Long- 96°32´32.737"E

19.6.2018


Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, Long- 96°38'18.203"E

18.6.2018


Lat- 17°22'24.143"N, Long- 96°38'18.203"E

17.6.2018

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Lat- 17°23'34.857"N, Long- 96°46'40.415"E

18.6.2017


Lat- 17°24'39.838"N, Long- 96°50'53.595"E

14.6.2018


Lat- 17°24'16.700"N, Long- 96°53'45.888"E

14.6.2018

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Lat- 17°23'42.304"N, Long- 96°55'49.512"E

17.6.2018


Lat- 17°21'12.265"N, Long- 97°00'23.950"E

14.6.2018


Lat- 17°21'22.805"N, Long- 96°59'31.683"E

13.6.2018

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Lat- 17°18'34.082"N, Long- 97°03'28.603"E

13.6.2018

Surface water Sampling at ET # 1

Lat- 17°14'58.352"N, Long- 96°28'01.540"E

20.6.2018


Lat- 17°16'06.22"N, Long- 96°29´41.26"E

19.6.2018

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Lat- 17°18'19.17"N, Long- 96°33'19.29"E

19.6.2018


Lat- 17°20'52.716N, Long- 96°38'08.754"E

18.6.2018


Lat- 17°23'27.64"N, Long- 96°43'17.04"E

17.6.2018

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Lat- 17°23'34.497"N, Long- 96°46'39.014"

E18.6.2018


Lat- 17°24'54.32"N, Long- 96°51'39.07"E

14.6.2018


Lat- 17°24'13.05"N, Long- 96°53'45.05"E

14.6.2018


Lat- 17°23'37.999"N, Long- 96°55'54.318"E

17.6.2018

44


Lat- 17°20'25.491"N, Long- 97°00'29.993"E

14.6.2018


Lat- 17°21'22.922"N, Long- 96°59'28.826"E

13.6.2018


Lat- 17°18'28.218"N, Long- 97°03'27.999"E

13.6.2018


45

C.8. Field Photos for Soil sampling

Soil Sampling at ET # 1

Lat- 17°15'05.215"N, Long- 96°28'04.296"E

20.6.2018


Lat- 17°16'01.616"N, Long- 96°29'47.668"E

19.6.2018


Lat- 17°18'56.57"N, Long- 96°32'32.30"E

19.6.2018

46


Lat- 17°22'24.93"N, Long- 96°38'18.103"E

18.6.2018


Lat- 17°23'29.10"N, Long- 96°43'45.42"E

17.6.2018


Lat- 17°23'34.700"N, Long- 96°46'40.300"E

18.6.2018

47


Lat- 17°24'39.700"N, Long- 96°50'53.400"E

14.6.2018


Lat- 17°24'16.130"N, Long- 96°53'45.47.960"E

14.6.2018


Lat- 17°23'42.74"N, Long- 96°55'50.56"E

17.6.2018


Lat- 17°21'12.164"N, Long- 97°00'23.852"E

14.6.2018

48


Lat- 17°21'22.693"N, Long- 96°59'31.603"E

13.6.2018


Lat- 17°18'32.02"N, Long- 97°03'28.94"E

13.6.2018


49

D. Appendix D Baseline Results

D.1. Appendix Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Detailed results with one-hour interval of pollutants are shown below. It should be noted that the air quality monitoring was conducted in the rainy season. The following ppm to ug/m3 conversion factors were used:

(i) CO: 1ppm = 1,146 ug/m3

(ii) CO2: 1ppm = 1800 ug/m3

(iii) PM10: 1ppm = 1,000 ug/m3

(iv) PM2.5: 1ppm = 1,000 ug/m3

(v) NOx: 1ppm = 1,882 ug/m3

(vi) SO2: 1ppm = 2,620 ug/m3

Table D-1 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 1)

Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2

(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5

(µg/m3) RH % SO2 (ppb)

26.6.2018 19:00-19:59 123.57 0.00 39.87 21.55 2.37 92.70 1.00

26.6.2018 20:00-20:59 144.83 0.00 45.93 27.52 1.02 98.02 1.00

26.6.2018 21:00-21:59 145.95 3.93 60.50 17.58 2.68 91.32 1.00

26.6.2018 22:00-22:59 166.77 4.60 67.62 9.88 2.97 82.67 5.30

26.6.2018 23:00-23:59 126.22 7.50 78.87 13.12 4.35 79.10 1.00

27.6.2018 0:00-0:59 145.63 1.43 37.65 15.20 10.88 93.82 1.00

27.6.2018 1:00-1:59 161.70 0.13 17.13 14.90 5.72 94.08 1.00

27.6.2018 2:00-2:59 179.75 2.85 18.12 14.42 4.20 96.95 1.00

27.6.2018 3:00-3:59 200.27 0.00 12.42 8.38 2.58 98.33 1.00

27.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.25 0.00 20.40 18.40 5.45 94.62 1.00

27.6.2018 5:00-5:59 233.07 0.00 20.50 34.95 15.90 91.42 1.00

27.6.2018 6:00-6:59 269.13 0.00 17.72 37.08 10.10 79.77 1.00

27.6.2018 7:00-7:59 330.62 0.00 17.58 20.50 9.82 80.37 1.00

27.6.2018 8:00-8:59 370.87 1.30 19.28 11.40 2.52 71.95 16.32

27.6.2018 9:00-9:59 413.87 0.17 14.42 27.45 4.70 70.52 1.00

27.6.2018 10:00-10:59 412.78 0.00 18.85 15.83 7.35 74.73 1.12

27.6.2018 11:00-11:59 363.63 8.35 15.90 8.17 4.10 74.32 1.00

27.6.2018 12:00-12:59 311.17 0.25 12.52 8.57 5.60 84.80 1.00

27.6.2018 13:00-13:59 354.98 0.00 17.97 30.95 7.98 65.97 1.00

27.6.2018 14:00-14:59 426.82 0.42 19.50 6.55 2.48 56.23 1.28

27.6.2018 15:00-15:59 467.38 12.42 19.55 20.97 6.87 49.63 1.00

27.6.2018 16:00-16:59 325.75 0.00 30.68 20.43 12.90 89.07 1.00

27.6.2018 17:00-17:59 236.98 7.58 13.88 24.07 12.20 73.50 1.00

27.6.2018 18:00-18:59 195.77 6.33 17.13 26.60 13.00 71.08 1.00

Average 263.10 2.39 27.25 18.94 6.57 81.46 1.83

1 hour Minimum 123.57 0.00 12.42 6.55 1.02 49.63 1.00

1 hour Maximum 467.38 12.42 78.87 37.08 15.90 98.33 16.32


50


Date Time CO2

(ppm)

CO

(ppb)

NO2

(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5

(µg/m3) RH %

SO2

(ppb)

25.6.2018 16:00-16:59 112.13 12.03 14.35 27.18 16.20 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 17:00-17:59 122.55 46.37 16.33 9.88 5.32 99.43 1.00

25.6.2018 18:00-18:59 126.30 24.40 7.87 28.47 17.20 94.72 1.00

25.6.2018 19:00-19:59 163.82 0.00 23.37 11.20 4.55 95.32 1.00

25.6.2018 20:00-20:59 191.23 0.00 11.98 2.00 1.15 99.28 1.00

25.6.2018 21:00-21:59 253.07 0.00 17.32 10.82 3.33 99.77 1.00

25.6.2018 22:00-22:59 306.35 0.00 15.48 9.58 3.48 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 23:00-23:59 330.33 0.00 12.32 5.78 2.43 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 0:00-0:59 333.27 0.00 17.23 9.65 4.53 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 1:00-1:59 300.60 0.00 16.62 4.07 1.65 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 2:00-2:59 284.70 0.82 14.13 6.80 2.23 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 3:00-3:59 274.57 0.00 20.20 4.62 1.82 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 4:00-4:59 273.93 0.00 22.20 6.65 1.75 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 5:00-5:59 241.85 0.27 38.55 7.20 2.90 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 6:00-6:59 271.67 2.52 39.13 13.43 3.57 99.70 1.00

26.6.2018 7:00-7:59 294.52 30.57 36.50 16.95 2.98 48.33 1.00

26.6.2018 8:00-8:59 255.77 0.00 35.97 11.00 3.95 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 9:00-9:59 250.33 0.00 36.00 2.88 1.03 100.00 1.00

26.6.2018 10:00-10:59 252.10 0.00 40.08 2.35 1.00 90.60 1.12

26.6.2018 11:00-11:59 302.07 4.50 42.10 2.55 1.17 81.87 1.00

26.6.2018 12:00-12:59 377.33 0.00 50.68 17.45 3.65 71.65 1.00

26.6.2018 13:00-13:59 436.30 9.00 60.27 3.78 3.05 69.67 1.00

26.6.2018 14:00-14:59 485.18 17.57 58.12 19.38 8.22 74.98 1.00

26.6.2018 15:00-15:59 362.97 0.00 49.48 3.05 1.45 96.67 1.00

Average 275.12 6.17 29.01 9.86 4.11 92.58 1.00

1 hour Minimum 112.13 0.00 7.87 2.00 1.00 48.33 1.00

1 hour Maximum 485.18 46.37 60.27 28.47 17.20 100.00 1.12



Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO

(ppb)

NO2

(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5

(µg/m3) RH %

SO2

(ppb)

24.6.2018 14:00-14:59 125.63 1.37 21.67 17.37 11.53 97.50 1.00

24.6.2018 15:00-15:59 124.60 1.28 77.92 22.90 16.12 96.62 1.00

24.6.2018 16:00-16:59 141.95 6.67 17.43 15.38 7.32 92.68 1.00

24.6.2018 17:00-17:59 175.25 0.80 9.30 33.80 21.80 88.92 1.08

24.6.2018 18:00-18:59 218.90 18.13 7.33 23.30 13.93 93.38 1.00

24.6.2018 19:00-19:59 284.73 28.17 20.17 21.88 13.85 98.07 1.00

24.6.2018 20:00-20:59 321.03 13.45 14.63 17.80

8.67 99.25 1.00

24.6.2018 21:00-21:59 332.23 0.75 24.48 15.70 5.10 99.85 1.00

24.6.2018 22:00-22:59 321.38 11.70 23.27 6.22 1.02 99.47 1.00

24.6.2018 23:00-23:59 289.72 2.10 21.57 5.68 1.00 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 0:00-0:59 280.13 0.00 19.83 11.65 4.68 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 1:00-1:59 273.78 0.00 14.65 7.88 1.00 100.00 1.00

51

25.6.2018 2:00-2:59 256.23 0.00 21.75 6.33 1.00 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 3:00-3:59 255.30 0.00 27.53 23.10 1.00 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 4:00-4:59 284.72 0.00 44.40 11.50 1.00 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 5:00-5:59 273.73 0.00 43.50 2.50 1.00 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 6:00-6:59 258.80 0.00 63.75 2.00 1.05 100.00 1.00

25.6.2018 7:00-7:59 242.38 2.22 55.12 6.95 1.00 98.00 1.00

25.6.2018 8:00-8:59 273.30 0.00 68.10 16.77 2.32 81.47 1.00

25.6.2018 9:00-9:59 401.40 2.93 67.47 13.53 1.00 65.00 1.00

25.6.2018 10:00-10:59 476.88 4.15 74.80 7.60 1.00 58.70 1.00

25.6.2018 11:00-11:59 459.45 0.00 75.08 12.47 7.65 65.73 1.00

25.6.2018 12:00-12:59 414.73 0.00 72.43 10.02 3.53 65.18 1.00

25.6.2018 13:00-13:59 374.73 18.25 74.83 18.72 5.00 53.25 1.00

Average 285.88 4.67 40.04 13.79 5.52 89.71 1.00

1 hour Minimum 124.60 0.00 7.33 2.00 1.00 53.25 1.00

1 hour Maximum 476.88 28.17 77.92 33.80 21.80 100.00 1.08



Date Time CO2

(ppm) CO (ppb)

NO2

(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


23.6.2018 11:00-11:59 363.78 29.07 55.53 19.37 14.72 5.17 1.00

23.6.2018 12:00-12:59 637.10 7.65 21.22 15.52 5.95 14.90 1.00

23.6.2018 13:00-13:59 622.63 0.00 32.58 22.35 15.52 12.52 1.00

23.6.2018 14:00-14:59 370.02 0.20 28.38 29.95 17.40 18.28 1.00

23.6.2018 15:00-15:59 368.30 0.33 14.80 10.38 5.27 18.42 1.00

23.6.2018 16:00-16:59 282.68 0.00 24.58 14.73 8.33 23.43 1.00

23.6.2018 17:00-17:59 171.80 0.00 39.07 11.32 5.65 27.12 1.00

23.6.2018 18:00-18:59 148.68 0.18 45.15 17.73 7.27 30.55 1.00

23.6.2018 19:00-19:59 129.72 1.50 31.15 24.60 17.62 31.57 1.00

23.6.2018 20:00-20:59 121.93 5.47 21.75 17.43 12.55 31.62 1.60

23.6.2018 21:00-21:59 120.13 8.03 22.15 12.90 1.67 30.40 1.00

23.6.2018 22:00-22:59 113.38 2.17 26.43 11.30 3.83 25.62 1.00

23.6.2018 23:00-23:59 130.82 23.10 22.47 13.55 1.00 25.20 1.00

24.6.2018 0:00-0:59 137.48 0.02 17.67 27.52 1.00 24.18 1.00

24.6.2018 1:00-1:59 143.67 2.58 23.70 15.27 1.22 24.28 1.00

24.6.2018 2:00-2:59 171.93 0.00 26.97 16.15 1.00 24.10 1.00

24.6.2018 3:00-3:59 172.32 0.00 23.52 20.60 1.35 26.75 1.00

24.6.2018 4:00-4:59 166.88 0.00 20.53 13.28 1.00 30.70 1.00

24.6.2018 5:00-5:59 192.80 0.93 21.80 6.28 1.00 36.57 1.00

24.6.2018 6:00-6:59 221.45 9.73 20.87 8.73 3.97 40.62 1.00

24.6.2018 7:00-7:59 242.30 0.00 23.92 9.48 4.05 44.20 1.00

24.6.2018 8:00-8:59 276.07 0.65 25.65 11.87 1.45 44.00 1.00

24.6.2018 9:00-9:59 312.32 1.18 23.48 7.28 1.00 25.85 1.00

24.6.2018 10:00-10:59 295.17 1.72 24.18 24.53 13.32 49.98 1.00

Average 246.39 3.94 26.56 15.92 6.13 27.75 1.03

1 hour Minimum 113.38 0.00 14.80 6.28 1.00 5.17 1.00

1 hour Maximum 637.10 29.07 55.53 29.95 17.62 49.98 1.60

52


Table D-5 Air pollutants emission results (ET # 8) Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2

(ppb) PM 10 (µg/m3)

PM 2.5 (µg/m3)

RH % SO2 (ppb)

21.6.2018 15:00-15:59 351.77 1.78 22.82 12.22 5.83 47.73 1.00

21.6.2018 16:00-16:59 167.20 0.00 31.13 20.17 9.40 98.08 1.00

21.6.2018 17:00-17:59 141.45 0.00 26.63 14.28 7.28 99.40 1.42

21.6.2018 18:00-18:59 142.30 0.00 20.78 11.98 2.75 98.78 1.00

21.6.2018 19:00-19:59 132.43 0.00 24.02 14.40 1.00 92.35 1.00

21.6.2018 20:00-20:59 118.02 0.00 25.07 13.87 2.47 92.60 1.00

21.6.2018 21:00-21:59 107.25 0.00 27.05 15.33 5.03 94.32 1.00

21.6.2018 22:00-22:59 114.97 0.00 27.17 8.52 4.87 90.20 1.00

21.6.2018 23:00-23:59 112.48 0.00 23.07 10.05 2.93 93.37 1.18

22.6.2018 0:00-0:59 114.03 0.00 25.37 10.10 2.93 99.22 1.00

22.6.2018 1:00-1:59 151.40 0.05 27.68 14.80 7.45 99.35 1.00

22.6.2018 2:00-2:59 175.97 0.00 27.27 10.48 4.30 99.10 1.00

22.6.2018 3:00-3:59 199.65 2.85 24.90 9.63 3.45 99.98 3.25

22.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.90 0.00 24.78 16.75 11.75 99.90 1.00

22.6.2018 5:00-5:59 205.73 0.00 29.72 14.20 9.78 99.78 1.00

22.6.2018 6:00-6:59 198.30 0.00 24.62 11.55 2.27 99.98 1.00

22.6.2018 7:00-7:59 221.35 0.00 27.52 14.05 8.70 95.27 1.00

22.6.2018 8:00-8:59 267.93 0.45 31.63 11.62 7.87 89.55 1.00

22.6.2018 9:00-9:59 315.70 0.00 24.10 13.35 6.85 91.35 1.00

22.6.2018 10:00-10:59 450.43 0.00 24.45 13.23 6.55 78.67 1.00

22.6.2018 11:00-11:59 516.88 0.00 23.60 14.87 8.90 63.73 1.17

22.6.2018 12:00-12:59 596.23 0.25 23.05 5.33 2.97 58.23 1.00

22.6.2018 13:00-13:59 720.73 0.00 34.12 10.47 2.38 52.52 1.00

22.6.2018 14:00-14:59 719.45 0.00 34.05 16.18 9.27 68.07 1.33

Average 269.23 0.22 26.44 12.81 5.71 87.56 1.14

1 hour Minimum 107.25 0.00 20.78 5.33 1.00 47.73 1.00

1 hour Maximum 720.73 2.85 34.12 20.17 11.75 99.98 3.25




(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


20.6.2018 9:00-9:59 115.42 0.00 60.35 24.03 18.87 43.73 1.00

20.6.2018 10:00-10:59 314.57 6.45 37.65 12.95 7.85 53.62 1.00

20.6.2018 11:00-11:59 490.65 0.00 35.42 17.45 11.67 52.68 1.00

20.6.2018 12:00-12:59 618.80 0.00 29.65 25.17 15.13 47.93 1.00

20.6.2018 13:00-13:59 583.23 0.00 24.83 31.62 25.32 58.47 1.00

20.6.2018 14:00-14:59 385.52 0.00 23.90 40.87 30.95 71.88 1.00

20.6.2018 15:00-15:59 253.50 0.00 21.30 25.57 19.33 58.05 1.00

20.6.2018 16:00-16:59 240.87 0.00 26.73 23.92 16.57 66.10 1.00

20.6.2018 17:00-17:59 353.58 0.00 18.90 24.77 18.10 81.77 1.03

20.6.2018 18:00-18:59 105.05 0.00 21.97 11.05 6.12 79.82 1.00

20.6.2018 19:00-19:59 103.93 0.00 21.00 13.42 7.33 76.38 1.00

53


(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


20.6.2018 20:00-20:59 107.20 0.00 21.05 13.92 8.50 84.52 1.00

20.6.2018 21:00-21:59 110.98 0.00 20.43 10.00 5.75 81.40 1.00

20.6.2018 22:00-22:59 135.93 0.00 16.90 9.47 5.53 81.43 1.00

20.6.2018 23:00-23:59 164.83 0.00 24.50 15.48 7.40 81.52 1.00

21.6.2018 0:00-0:59 175.93 0.00 18.80 18.22 6.00 80.68 1.00

21.6.2018 1:00-1:59 182.78 0.30 12.88 14.30 6.72 85.08 1.00

21.6.2018 2:00-2:59 203.48 0.00 18.98 21.68 8.27 84.78 1.00

21.6.2018 3:00-3:59 221.00 0.00 24.38 13.95 9.23 82.17 1.00

21.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.53 0.00 25.25 14.63 8.48 85.63 1.00

21.6.2018 5:00-5:59 229.97 0.00 16.47 16.18 15.05 80.55 1.00

21.6.2018 6:00-6:59 259.95 0.00 28.35 17.50 14.52 73.32 1.00

21.6.2018 7:00-7:59 318.70 0.00 30.18 19.87 6.47 63.68 1.00

21.6.2018 8:00-8:59 408.62 0.00 30.76 19.97 10.34 55.76 1.00

Average 262.67 0.28 25.44 19.00 12.06 71.29 1.00

1 hour Minimum 103.93 0.00 12.88 9.47 5.53 43.73 1.00

1 hour Maximum 618.80 6.45 60.35 40.87 30.95 85.63 1.03



Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 (ppb) PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


18.6.2018 21:00-21:59 168.07 0.00 19.52 38.67 29.88 71.38 2.08

18.6.2018 22:00-22:59 153.95 0.00 18.42 31.18 22.77 73.00 1.22

18.6.2018 23:00-23:59 162.47 0.00 32.35 29.18 20.97 83.22 1.00

19.6.2018 0:00-0:59 158.65 3.75 33.65 26.63 21.47 98.15 1.00

19.6.2018 1:00-1:59 150.05 0.00 46.87 38.57 29.97 98.25 1.00

19.6.2018 2:00-2:59 153.18 0.00 50.38 30.30 21.73 99.80 1.00

19.6.2018 3:00-3:59 179.33 0.00 48.02 22.08 11.88 100.00 1.00

19.6.2018 4:00-4:59 198.97 0.00 54.40 29.27 23.58 99.70 1.00

19.6.2018 5:00-5:59 214.88 2.53 56.23 24.92 21.82 99.57 1.00

19.6.2018 6:00-6:59 217.52 0.00 64.57 27.92 20.57 78.47 1.05

19.6.2018 7:00-7:59 242.05 0.00 69.07 28.02 19.33 63.23 1.00

19.6.2018 8:00-8:59 273.70 0.00 80.03 21.43 14.27 61.20 2.33

19.6.2018 9:00-9:59 297.55 2.53 90.82 33.22 23.57 58.58 1.30

19.6.2018 10:00-10:59 334.40 0.00 70.97 27.87 19.80 72.73 1.00

19.6.2018 11:00-11:59 395.00 0.00 77.38 27.67 17.63 66.48 1.60

19.6.2018 12:00-12:59 409.58 0.00 115.23 16.33 9.07 46.92 1.00

19.6.2018 13:00-13:59 345.52 0.00 114.88 23.65 13.25 44.62 1.10

19.6.2018 14:00-14:59 370.92 0.00 91.17 26.22 16.68 62.35 1.00

19.6.2018 15:00-15:59 311.90 0.00 53.58 15.37 9.77 84.25 1.00

19.6.2018 16:00-16:59 259.20 0.00 53.87 32.12 16.52 78.03 1.00

19.6.2018 17:00-17:59 233.75 0.00 59.32 19.28 11.42 91.63 1.00

19.6.2018 18:00-18:59 179.98 1.95 55.08 26.22 18.78 97.90 1.00

19.6.2018 19:00-19:59 163.88 0.00 52.50 19.20 12.37 95.60 1.00

19.6.2018 20:00-20:59 175.12 0.00 34.75 18.10 11.42 91.62 1.00

Average 239.57 0.45 60.13 26.39 18.27 79.86 1.15

54

1 hour Minimum 150.05 0.00 18.42 15.37 9.07 44.62 1.00

1 hour Maximum 409.58 3.75 115.23 38.67 29.97 100.00 2.33



Date Time CO2 (ppm) CO (ppb) NO2 (ppb) PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


17.6.2018 13:00-13:59 419.58 0.00 28.47 34.17 21.37 44.33 1.00

17.6.2018 14:00-14:59 494.50 0.00 12.00 39.08 28.85 41.88 1.00

17.6.2018 15:00-15:59 478.05 0.00 15.17 41.27 31.68 46.28 1.00

17.6.2018 16:00-16:59 423.60 0.00 8.18 45.38 28.50 45.78 1.00

17.6.2018 17:00-17:59 282.13 0.00 20.45 45.45 34.13 44.72 1.00

17.6.2018 18:00-18:59 116.60 0.00 14.73 30.87 17.75 100.00 1.00

17.6.2018 19:00-19:59 55.48 0.00 11.48 38.73 23.18 100.00 1.00

17.6.2018 20:00-20:59 38.72 0.00 22.47 33.25 21.02 100.00 1.00

17.6.2018 21:00-21:59 32.75 0.00 35.47 36.78 24.70 100.00 1.00

17.6.2018 22:00-22:59 13.73 0.00 114.88 46.02 36.85 100.00 1.00

17.6.2018 23:00-23:59 26.72 0.00 96.97 48.70 37.23 100.00 1.00

18.6.2018 0:00-0:59 61.83 0.00 94.32 46.92 36.32 100.00 1.00

18.6.2018 1:00-1:59 121.32 0.00 106.70 38.80 32.00 99.05 1.00

18.6.2018 2:00-2:59 183.00 0.00 112.43 39.12 30.52 100.00 1.00

18.6.2018 3:00-3:59 232.48 0.00 115.93 39.80 32.30 100.00 1.00

18.6.2018 4:00-4:59 263.95 0.00 114.92 41.22 32.03 98.03 1.00

18.6.2018 5:00-5:59 281.65 0.00 38.52 40.88 29.42 96.72 1.00

18.6.2018 6:00-6:59 266.20 0.00 19.07 30.33 19.75 96.47 1.00

18.6.2018 7:00-7:59 281.22 0.00 20.75 27.05 19.52 86.27 1.00

18.6.2018 8:00-8:59 322.22 0.00 26.78 30.60 17.02 67.17 1.00

18.6.2018 9:00-9:59 439.07 0.00 37.43 29.70 15.87 57.23 1.15

18.6.2018 10:00-10:59 540.53 0.00 33.48 31.87 19.77 63.35 1.00

18.6.2018 11:00-11:59 535.23 0.00 26.95 29.32 21.80 58.08 1.00

18.6.2018 12:00-12:59 570.75 0.00 28.97 31.90 17.28 58.23 1.00

Average 270.05 0.00 48.19 37.38 26.20 79.32 1.01

1 hour Minimum 13.73 0.00 8.18 27.05 15.87 41.88 1.00

1 hour Maximum 570.75 0.00 115.93 48.70 37.23 100.00 1.15




(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5

(µg/m3)

RH % SO2 (ppb)

16.6.2018 11:00-11:59 325.08 0.00 55.95 27.65 20.23 42.35 1.00

16.6.2018 12:00-12:59 486.78 0.00 29.67 22.18 17.13 44.17 1.00

16.6.2018 13:00-13:59 507.42 0.00 4.72 17.00 11.00 44.60 1.00

16.6.2018 14:00-14:59 535.72 0.00 10.00 28.23 20.15 44.52 1.00

16.6.2018 15:00-15:59 432.88 0.00 4.52 26.92 16.22 41.73 1.00

16.6.2018 16:00-16:59 391.58 0.00 2.48 49.32 33.77 46.90 1.02

16.6.2018 17:00-17:59 303.90 0.00 8.35 38.53 29.47 48.90 3.48

55


(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


16.6.2018 18:00-18:59 250.77 0.00 15.20 45.17 30.10 50.50 1.00

16.6.2018 19:00-19:59 219.42 0.00 21.25 35.92 11.03 51.65 1.00

16.6.2018 20:00-20:59 206.93 0.00 25.85 26.63 12.78 53.90 1.00

16.6.2018 21:00-21:59 190.40 0.00 23.05 27.25 17.68 62.85 1.00

16.6.2018 22:00-22:59 172.12 5.73 17.98 23.78 10.45 77.68 1.00

16.6.2018 23:00-23:59 190.17 0.00 20.92 17.48 11.92 65.42 1.00

17.6.2018 0:00-0:59 209.23 0.00 23.20 18.70 12.75 53.00 1.00

17.6.2018 1:00-1:59 230.58 0.00 24.73 20.33 14.08 56.43 1.00

17.6.2018 2:00-2:59 243.83 0.00 23.58 25.73 12.88 62.22 1.00

17.6.2018 3:00-3:59 250.20 8.55 25.27 24.05 16.00 66.03 1.00

17.6.2018 4:00-4:59 251.72 0.00 23.15 22.92 15.80 52.67 1.00

17.6.2018 5:00-5:59 270.93 0.00 26.85 41.02 29.17 53.68 1.00

17.6.2018 6:00-6:59 293.19 0.00 31.42 39.54 28.73 45.93 1.00

17.6.2018 7:00-7:59 307.43 0.00 26.62 41.47 32.38 42.88 1.00

17.6.2018 8:00-8:59 351.53 0.00 24.28 26.73 17.38 43.50 1.00

17.6.2018 9:00-9:59 378.20 0.00 28.93 26.65 17.83 39.63 1.00

17.6.2018 10:00-10:59 447.43 0.00 17.65 27.57 21.52 38.33 1.00

Average 310.31 0.60 21.48 29.20 19.19 51.23 1.10

1 hour Minimum 171.12 0.00 2.48 17.00 10.45 38.33 1.00

1 hour Maximum 535.72 8.55 55.95 49.32 33.77 77.68 3.48




(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


15.6.2018 9:00-9:59 130.12 0.00 59.82 2.00 1.00 89.17 1.00

15.6.2018 10:00-10:59 224.10 10.20 27.73 13.38 8.35 69.65 1.00

15.6.2018 11:00-11:59 290.02 0.23 9.62 12.42 5.90 44.25 1.00

15.6.2018 12:00-12:59 427.62 0.07 10.22 16.28 5.15 44.67 1.00

15.6.2018 13:00-13:59 394.83 0.00 16.55 25.92 19.73 46.10 1.20

15.6.2018 14:00-14:59 330.65 0.00 21.12 20.03 12.05 42.30 1.43

15.6.2018 15:00-15:59 384.37 0.00 6.13 23.67 18.22 38.27 1.05

15.6.2018 16:00-16:59 377.17 0.00 14.02 29.46 21.93 37.68 1.42

15.6.2018 17:00-17:59 285.63 0.00 12.40 56.17 50.17 47.18 1.65

15.6.2018 18:00-18:59 187.00 0.00 12.25 23.93 17.82 57.17 1.00

15.6.2018 19:00-19:59 113.85 0.00 13.75 48.13 39.32 79.62 1.00

15.6.2018 20:00-20:59 85.67 2.10 12.53 54.77 50.02 88.62 1.00

15.6.2018 21:00-21:59 86.68 0.60 19.57 40.98 34.55 85.68 1.00

15.6.2018 22:00-22:59 72.13 0.00 17.15 24.23 17.15 85.45 1.00

15.6.2018 23:00-23:59 113.53 0.00 21.77 22.42 17.20 85.50 1.00

16.6.2018 0:00-0:59 119.42 0.00 23.23 25.55 21.67 89.33 1.00

16.6.2018 1:00-1:59 151.63 0.00 19.35 25.10 21.05 92.42 1.00

16.6.2018 2:00-2:59 170.45 0.00 25.22 17.87 11.33 91.48 1.00

16.6.2018 3:00-3:59 194.57 0.00 25.50 18.17 10.88 89.00 1.05

56


(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


16.6.2018 4:00-4:59 219.62 0.00 22.97 18.27 11.93 77.53 1.00

16.6.2018 5:00-5:59 240.18 0.00 32.65 14.93 9.22 61.00 1.00

16.6.2018 6:00-6:59 258.07 0.00 31.02 20.87 13.77 50.97 1.00

16.6.2018 7:00-7:59 289.08 0.00 33.05 25.82 18.18 69.88 1.00

16.6.2018 8:00-8:59 346.36 0.00 30.29 13.81 7.40 49.26 1.00

Average 228.86 0.55 21.58 24.76 18.50 67.17 1.08

1 hour Minimum 72.13 0.00 6.13 2.00 1.00 37.68 1.00

1 hour Maximum 427.62 10.20 59.82 56.17 50.17 92.42 1.65




(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


13.6.2018 15:00-15:59 222.02 0.00 66.07 15.82 11.28 82.73 1.00

13.6.2018 16:00-16:59 265.02 11.33 39.20 45.63 29.82 61.48 1.00

13.6.2018 17:00-17:59 178.32 0.00 16.58 28.12 17.22 100.00 1.00

13.6.2018 18:00-18:59 173.72 11.27 22.57 45.38 30.58 88.95 1.23

13.6.2018 19:00-19:59 156.12 9.37 21.12 11.27 3.40 74.12 1.00

13.6.2018 20:00-20:59 171.92 0.00 16.23 27.68 20.98 86.88 1.00

13.6.2018 21:00-21:59 152.92 0.00 27.22 33.23 25.22 89.33 1.00

13.6.2018 22:00-22:59 134.75 0.00 19.30 26.67 8.87 97.72 1.00

13.6.2018 23:00-23:59 139.72 1.65 9.42 30.67 13.75 75.75 1.00

14.6.2018 0:00-0:59 174.28 0.00 19.02 21.22 12.15 59.97 1.00

14.6.2018 1:00-1:59 229.88 3.43 18.47 7.23 4.57 71.50 1.00

14.6.2018 2:00-2:59 266.27 0.00 16.63 7.67 4.38 83.38 1.00

14.6.2018 3:00-3:59 272.30 2.43 12.87 12.18 10.27 85.03 1.00

14.6.2018 4:00-4:59 276.77 2.10 11.65 18.23 10.75 75.12 1.00

14.6.2018 5:00-5:59 293.57 2.25 14.55 26.02 17.02 63.08 1.00

14.6.2018 6:00-6:59 325.67 0.00 14.28 24.22 17.45 65.12 1.00

14.6.2018 7:00-7:59 339.97 0.00 14.02 38.17 25.37 68.10 1.00

14.6.2018 8:00-8:59 336.97 1.65 18.88 25.73 16.58 55.75 1.00

14.6.2018 9:00-9:59 330.65 0.00 19.20 26.88 20.67 72.33 1.00

14.6.2018 10:00-10:59 307.97 0.00 21.60 16.92 8.53 62.00 1.00

14.6.2018 11:00-11:59 407.55 0.00 19.40 17.33 5.33 55.88 1.00

14.6.2018 12:00-12:59 459.42 0.00 4.32 24.17 13.20 54.10 1.00

14.6.2018 13:00-13:59 438.17 0.00 2.00 11.72 4.53 44.75 1.00

14.6.2018 14:00-14:59 454.67 0.00 2.00 9.65 5.43 36.13 1.00

Average 271.19 1.90 18.61 22.99 14.06 71.22 1.01

1 hour Minimum 134.75 0.00 2.00 7.23 3.40 36.13 1.00

1 hour Maximum 459.42 11.33 66.07 45.63 30.58 100.00 1.23




(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5

(µg/m3)

RH % SO2 (ppb)

12.6.2018 10:00-10:59 169.28 0.00 43.83 41.95 41.15 63.38 1.00

57


(ppb)

PM 10

(µg/m3)

PM 2.5


12.6.2018 11:00-11:59 336.15 2.78 37.35 14.75 10.15 70.43 4.42

12.6.2018 12:00-12:59 502.78 1.10 33.57 14.12 11.02 71.00 1.00

12.6.2018 13:00-13:59 428.97 3.85 29.88 13.43 6.72 66.47 1.00

12.6.2018 14:00-14:59 268.98 0.00 10.98 5.23 1.57 96.55 1.90

12.6.2018 15:00-15:59 288.97 3.92 25.25 20.65 1.18 81.70 1.00

12.6.2018 16:00-16:59 343.00 0.02 28.28 21.18 6.75 79.80 1.00

12.6.2018 17:00-17:59 358.08 0.00 30.60 20.63 8.37 77.17 1.00

12.6.2018 18:00-18:59 301.05 0.00 23.35 16.30 9.42 78.08 1.00

12.6.2018 19:00-19:59 257.53 0.00 28.12 29.17 2.82 85.63 1.00

12.6.2018 20:00-20:59 213.75 0.00 24.57 49.95 14.53 84.47 1.35

12.6.2018 21:00-21:59 205.90 0.02 16.73 15.88 13.62 87.32 1.00

12.6.2018 22:00-22:59 209.13 16.90 21.07 9.92 7.87 96.52 1.12

12.6.2018 23:00-23:59 204.32 27.77 18.87 9.52 3.65 99.80 1.00

13.6.2018 0:00-0:59 199.48 0.22 14.17 10.65 9.30 98.40 1.00

13.6.2018 1:00-1:59 225.05 7.93 20.43 7.65 5.37 96.27 1.00

13.6.2018 2:00-2:59 233.03 0.50 19.07 8.30 1.82 94.42 1.00

13.6.2018 3:00-3:59 247.32 0.00 22.28 18.73 6.22 100.00 1.53

13.6.2018 4:00-4:59 245.83 8.70 21.33 22.48 10.23 100.00 1.05

13.6.2018 5:00-5:59 248.08 2.22 22.73 46.63 28.28 99.70 1.00

13.6.2018 6:00-6:59 262.85 7.70 20.23 18.82 10.32 99.67 1.00

13.6.2018 7:00-7:59 269.82 0.48 16.65 19.98 2.33 100.00 1.00

13.6.2018 8:00-8:59 290.90 0.00 27.83 19.63 1.60 98.08 1.00

13.6.2018 9:00-9:59 432.48 0.30 13.72 5.18 1.00 83.10 2.35

Average 280.95 3.52 23.79 19.20 8.97 87.83 1.28

1 hour Minimum 169.28 0.00 10.98 5.18 1.00 63.38 1.00

1 hour Maximum 502.78 27.77 43.83 49.95 41.15 100.00 4.42


Results and variation patterns for particulates are shown below.

Figure D-1 PM Monitoring Results at ET # 1


58





Figure D-4 Monitoring Results at ET # 6 Source: E Guard Environmental Services 2018

59







60







61





Figure D-13 Fluctuation of Air Pollutants during daily cycle (ET#1)


62







63







64







65





66

D.2. Appendix Ambient Noise Monitoring Results

Table D-13 Observed Values of Noise Level Measurement at ET # 1

No. Date Time Observed Mean

Value (Source) Weight Day/Night Average

1 27.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 78.67 A Day

77.62

2 27.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 77.02 A Day

3 27.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 79.98 A Day

4 27.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 77.13 A Day

5 27.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 78.00 A Day

6 27.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 75.29 A Day

7 27.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 74.40 A Day

8 27.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.41 A Day

9 27.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 78.39 A Day

10 27.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 83.89 A Day

11 27.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 75.68 A Day

12 27.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 77.64 A Day

13 26.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 79.28 A Day

14 26.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 75.18 A Day

15 26.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 76.32 A Day

16 26.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 74.81 A Night 74.07

17 26.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 73.74 A Night

18 27.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 67.92 A Night

19 27.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 72.34 A Night

20 27.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 76.82 A Night

21 27.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 74.27 A Night

22 27.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 73.32 A Night

23 27.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 76.46 A Night

24 27.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 76.98 A Night

Average 75.08

Figure D-25 Noise Level at ET # 1


0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time

Observed Noise Value (dBA)

67




1 26.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 73.97 A Day

67.34

2 26.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 60.20 A Day

3 26.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 56.92 A Day

4 26.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 53.70 A Day

5 26.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 77.10 A Day

6 26.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 73.09 A Day

7 26.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 56.29 A Day

8 26.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.06 A Day

9 26.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 63.64 A Day

10 25.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 76.80 A Day

11 25.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 61.74 A Day

12 25.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 68.94 A Day

13 25.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 70.35 A Day

14 25.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 65.77 A Day

15 25.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 74.48 A Day

16 25.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 78.51 A Night 73.45

17 25.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 86.68 A Night

18 26.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 80.25 A Night

19 26.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 76.51 A Night

20 26.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 65.71 A Night

21 26.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 56.46 A Night

22 26.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 55.40 A Night

23 26.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 88.91 A Night

24 26.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 72.60 A Night

Average 71.01




0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


68




1 25.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 70.97 A Day

71.89

2 25.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 70.05 A Day

3 25.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 71.57 A Day

4 25.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 72.36 A Day

5 25.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 73.22 A Day

6 25.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 73.49 A Day

7 25.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 68.37 A Day

8 24.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 82.95 A Day

9 24.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 79.88 A Day

10 24.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 74.66 A Day

11 24.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 70.51 A Day

12 24.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 79.02 A Day

13 24.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 72.25 A Day

14 24.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 58.35 A Day

15 24.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 60.67 A Day

16 24.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 77.70 A Night

70.98

17 24.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 78.66 A Night

18 25.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 62.50 A Night

19 25.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 69.68 A Night

20 25.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 70.16 A Night

21 25.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 64.92 A Night

22 25.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 69.06 A Night

23 25.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 72.90 A Night

24 25.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 73.23 A Night

Average 71.52



0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-…

11:00:13-…

12:00:13-…

13:00:13-…

14:00:13-…

15:00:13-…

16:00:13-…

17:00:13-…

18:00:13-…

19:00:13-…

20:00:13-…

21:00:13-…

22:00:13-…

23:00:13-…

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


69




1 24.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 87.93 A Day

75.19

2 24.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 77.54 A Day

3 24.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 88.14 A Day

4 23.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 64.34 A Day

5 23.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 69.54 A Day

6 23.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 65.68 A Day

7 23.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 82.48 A Day

8 23.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 70.36 A Day

9 23.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 92.87 A Day

10 23.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 79.55 A Day

11 23.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 78.94 A Day

12 23.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 74.80 A Day

13 23.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 70.40 A Day

14 23.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 61.35 A Day

15 23.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 63.87 A Day

16 23.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 60.89 A Night

64.16

17 23.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 56.66 A Night

18 24.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 67.57 A Night

19 24.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 60.29 A Night

20 24.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 56.47 A Night

21 24.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 66.65 A Night

22 24.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 66.24 A Night

23 24.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 64.89 A Night

24 24.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 77.82 A Night

Average 69.36



0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


70




1 22.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 61.95 A Day

63.37

2 22.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 63.52 A Day

3 22.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 70.64 A Day

4 22.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 64.00 A Day

5 22.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 57.79 A Day

6 22.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 61.22 A Day

7 22.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 61.01 A Day

8 21.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 70.76 A Day

9 21.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 74.40 A Day

10 21.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 69.81 A Day

11 21.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 62.67 A Day

12 21.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 61.59 A Day

13 21.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 57.88 A Day

14 21.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 56.77 A Day

15 21.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 56.49 A Day

16 21.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 58.19 A Night

59.71

17 21.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 57.96 A Night

18 22.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 56.96 A Night

19 22.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 56.86 A Night

20 22.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 54.33 A Night

21 22.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 57.82 A Night

22 22.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 56.70 A Night

23 22.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 67.85 A Night

24 22.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 70.77 A Night

Average 61.58



0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


71




1 21.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 53.56 A Day

58.93

2 21.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 52.14 A Day

3 20.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 64.58 A Day

4 20.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 59.56 A Day

5 20.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 56.67 A Day

6 20.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 58.10 A Day

7 20.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 59.09 A Day

8 20.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 59.86 A Day

9 20.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 58.49 A Day

10 20.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 68.76 A Day

11 20.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 57.79 A Day

12 20.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 56.54 A Day

13 20.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 55.99 A Day

14 20.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 60.26 A Day

15 20.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 62.62 A Day

16 20.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 61.57 A Night

62.22

17 20.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 70.25 A Night

18 21.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 68.72 A Night

19 21.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 62.25 A Night

20 21.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 61.71 A Night

21 21.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 59.66 A Night

22 21.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 56.62 A Night

23 21.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 60.32 A Night

24 21.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 58.88 A Night

Average 60.92



0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


72




1 19.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 70.91 A Day

59.33

2 19.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 65.89 A Day

3 19.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 54.35 A Day

4 19.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 60.29 A Day

5 19.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 66.70 A Day

6 19.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 64.12 A Day

7 19.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 57.70 A Day

8 19.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 54.14 A Day

9 19.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 67.87 A Day

10 19.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 61.58 A Day

11 19.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 53.23 A Day

12 19.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 53.65 A Day

13 19.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 46.50 A Day

14 19.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 46.80 A Day

15 18.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 66.27 A Day

16 18.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 54.32 A Night

62.83

17 18.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 46.00 A Night

18 19.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 44.16 A Night

19 19.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 69.74 A Night

20 19.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 77.01 A Night

21 19.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 69.12 A Night

22 19.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 65.55 A Night

23 19.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 68.21 A Night

24 19.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 71.37 A Night

Average 59.86



0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13N

ois

e L

ev

el

(dB

A)

Time


73




1 18.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 60.46 A Day

60.76

2 18.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 57.12 A Day

3 18.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 62.85 A Day

4 18.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 63.14 A Day

5 18.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 57.21 A Day

6 18.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 57.19 A Day

7 17.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 60.54 A Day

8 17.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 48.89 A Day

9 17.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 50.38 A Day

10 17.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 53.48 A Day

11 17.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 72.23 A Day

12 17.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 70.37 A Day

13 17.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 68.24 A Day

14 17.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 65.94 A Day

15 17.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 63.40 A Day

16 17.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 58.09 A Night

54.89

17 17.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 54.35 A Night

18 18.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 53.34 A Night

19 18.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 51.79 A Night

20 18.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 50.80 A Night

21 18.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 55.85 A Night

22 18.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 53.28 A Night

23 18.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 61.79 A Night

24 18.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 54.70 A Night

Average 58.14



0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


74




1 17.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 56.88 A Day

56.57

2 17.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 48.80 A Day

3 17.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 55.57 A Day

4 17.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 53.89 A Day

5 16.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 66.97 A Day

6 16.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 61.77 A Day

7 16.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 58.92 A Day

8 16.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 62.04 A Day

9 16.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 54.30 A Day

10 16.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 63.57 A Day

11 16.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 52.09 A Day

12 16.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 55.84 A Day

13 16.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 56.40 A Day

14 16.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 52.27 A Day

15 16.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 49.15 A Day

16 16.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 47.38 A Night

45.91

17 16.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 43.09 A Night

18 17.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 44.41 A Night

19 17.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 43.43 A Night

20 17.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 43.94 A Night

21 17.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 45.52 A Night

22 17.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 48.44 A Night

23 17.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 46.65 A Night

24 17.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 50.38 A Night

Average 51.56



0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


75




1 16.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 54.82 A Day

59.61

2 16.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 61.49 A Day

3 15.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 54.44 A Day

4 15.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 62.91 A Day

5 15.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 68.08 A Day

6 15.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 68.67 A Day

7 15.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 69.33 A Day

8 15.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 52.74 A Day

9 15.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 52.97 A Day

10 15.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 53.79 A Day

11 15.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 55.08 A Day

12 15.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 58.95 A Day

13 15.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 60.24 A Day

14 15.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 61.22 A Day

15 15.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 59.46 A Day

16 15.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 57.26 A Night

57.50

17 15.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 55.76 A Night

18 16.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 52.48 A Night

19 16.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 52.31 A Night

20 16.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 51.04 A Night

21 16.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 69.13 A Night

22 16.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 68.18 A Night

23 16.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 54.15 A Night

24 16.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 57.19 A Night

Average 58.42



0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


76




1 14.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 74.30 A Day

81.61

2 14.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 87.60 A Day

3 14.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 73.64 A Day

4 14.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 75.41 A Day

5 14.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 76.97 A Day

6 14.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 76.67 A Day

7 14.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 77.83 A Day

8 13.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.02 A Day

9 13.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 77.71 A Day

10 13.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 80.80 A Day

11 13.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 72.92 A Day

12 13.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 97.87 A Day

13 13.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 97.88 A Day

14 13.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 84.07 A Day

15 13.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 93.46 A Day

16 13.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 106.29 A Night

80.32

17 13.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 72.09 A Night

18 14.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 72.54 A Night

19 14.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 73.23 A Night

20 14.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 72.29 A Night

21 14.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 75.41 A Night

22 14.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 79.81 A Night

23 14.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 78.55 A Night

24 14.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 92.63 A Night

Average 82.06



0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13N

ois

e L

ev

el

(dB

A)

Time


77




1 13.6.2018 7:00:13-7:59:13 72.95 A Day

75.94

2 13.6.2018 8:00:13-8:59:13 78.44 A Day

3 13.6.2018 9:00:13-9:59:13 72.65 A Day

4 12.6.2018 10:00:13-10:59:13 83.53 A Day

5 12.6.2018 11:00:13-11:59:13 77.53 A Day

6 12.6.2018 12:00:13-12:59:13 84.74 A Day

7 12.6.2018 13:00:13-13:59:13 81.98 A Day

8 12.6.2018 14:00:13-14:59:13 77.33 A Day

9 12.6.2018 15:00:13-15:59:13 72.99 A Day

10 12.6.2018 16:00:13-16:59:13 72.08 A Day

11 12.6.2018 17:00:13-17:59:13 73.04 A Day

12 12.6.2018 18:00:13-18:59:13 77.14 A Day

13 12.6.2018 19:00:13-19:59:13 71.26 A Day

14 12.6.2018 20:00:13-20:59:13 69.55 A Day

15 12.6.2018 21:00:13-21:59:13 73.89 A Day

16 12.6.2018 22:00:13-22:59:13 74.27 A Night

73.65

17 12.6.2018 23:00:13-23:59:13 71.19 A Night

18 13.6.2018 0:00:13-0:59:13 69.44 A Night

19 13.6.2018 1:00:13-1:59:13 69.97 A Night

20 13.6.2018 2:00:13-2:59:13 73.92 A Night

21 13.6.2018 3:00:13-3:59:13 74.00 A Night

22 13.6.2018 4:00:13-4:59:13 76.10 A Night

23 13.6.2018 5:00:13-5:59:13 76.34 A Night

24 13.6.2018 6:00:13-6:59:13 77.58 A Night

Average 74.57



0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

7:00:13-7:59:13

8:00:13-8:59:13

9:00:13-9:59:13

10:00:13-10:59:13

11:00:13-11:59:13

12:00:13-12:59:13

13:00:13-13:59:13

14:00:13-14:59:13

15:00:13-15:59:13

16:00:13-16:59:13

17:00:13-17:59:13

18:00:13-18:59:13

19:00:13-19:59:13

20:00:13-20:59:13

21:00:13-21:59:13

22:00:13-22:59:13

23:00:13-23:59:13

0:00:13-0:59:13

1:00:13-1:59:13

2:00:13-2:59:13

3:00:13-3:59:13

4:00:13-4:59:13

5:00:13-5:59:13

6:00:13-6:59:13

No

ise

Le

ve

l (d

BA

)

Time


78

D.3. Appendix Wind Speed and direction

Figure D-37 Wind Speed and Wind Direction (Blowing to) at ET # 1


Figure D-38 Wind Class Frequency Distribution at ET # 1


Source: E Guard Environmental Services, 2018

79





80





81





82





83





84





85





86





87





88





89





90

D.4. Appendix Surface and Groundwater Monitoring Results

91

Table D-25 Surface Water Quality ET # 1, ET # 2 and ET # 3

Parameters

WHO (Normally

found in fresh water/surface

water/ground water)

WHO (DW)

(Health based guideline by the

WHO)

Ambient water quality

standards for the protection of

aquatic life

ET # 1 ET # 2 ET # 3

Arsenic (As) 0.01 mg/l 0.05 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 days

at 20oC)

≤ 3.0 mg/l

18 mg/l 20 mg/l 22 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen

Demand (COD) 64 mg/l 64 mg/l 64 mg/l

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

[On Site Result] 6mg/l 3.45 mg/l 8.86 mg/l 9.69 mg/l

Lead (as Pb) 0.01 mg/l 0.001 mg/l Nil Nil Nil

Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.0005 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l

Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 1.3 mg/l 0.9 mg/l 0.8 mg/l

Oil & Grease

Substantially

absent, no

iridescent sheen 3.0 13.89 4.23

pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 5.87 10.5 7.50

Phosphate Nil Nil Nil

Salinity (On Site Result) 0.1 ppt 0.0 ppt 0.1 ppt

Total Suspended Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 112 mg/l 370 mg/l 428 mg/l

Temperature (On Site

Result)

29.99°C 28.96°C 28.58°C

Total Coliform Count Not detected 10 CFU/100 ml 18 CFU/100 ml 18 CFU/100 ml


WHO =World Health Organization

92


Parameters

WHO (Normally

found in fresh water/surface

water/ground water)

WHO (DW)


WHO)



aquatic life

ET # 6 ET # 8 ET # 9


Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5 days

at 20oC)

≤ 3.0 mg/l

18 mg/l 10 mg/l 20 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen



[On Site Result] 6 mg/l 2.08 mg/l 3.45 mg/l 3.80 mg/l


Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l 0.001 mg/l


Oil & Grease

Substantially

absent, no


pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 9 5.87 10.22





Result)

30.15°C 27.27°C 28.26°C




93




Parameters

WHO (Normally found

in fresh water/surface

water/ground water)

WHO (DW) (Health based

guideline by the

WHO)



aquatic life

ET # 11 ET # 12 ET # 13


Biochemical Oxygen

Demand (BOD) (5 days

at 20oC) ≤ 3.0 mg/l

12 mg/l 12 mg/l 18 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen







Oil & Grease

Substantially absent, no

iridescent sheen

1.13 1.7 3.55

pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 10.38 8.90 8.10





Result)

30°C 27.88°C 28.02°C


94


Parameters

WHO (Normally found in fresh water/surface

water/ground water)

WHO (DW) (Health based guideline by the

WHO)

Ambient water quality standards for the protection

of aquatic life

ET # 14 ET # 15 ET # 17


Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5

days at 20oC) ≤ 3.0 mg/l 8 mg/l 12 mg/l 8 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen


Dissolved Oxygen

(DO) [On Site Result] 6mg/l 10.43 mg/l 9.14 mg/l 9.03 mg/l


Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l


Oil & Grease



pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 8.92 8.31 9.03

Phosphate Nil 0.06 mg/l Nil

Salinity (On Site

Result) 0.0 ppt 0.0 ppt 0.0 ppt

Total Suspended

Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 42 mg/l 392 mg/l 22 mg/l


Result) 27.54°C 32.38°C 28.0°C




95

Table D-29 Ground Water Quality for ET # 1, ET # 2 and ET # 3



Parameters


water/ground water)


guideline by the

WHO)


standards for the

protection of

aquatic life

ET # 1 ET # 2 ET # 3


Biochemical Oxygen Demand

(BOD) (5 days at 20oC) ≤ 3.0 mg/l 10 mg/l 4 mg/l 4 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen Demand

(COD) 32 mg/l 32 mg/l 32 mg/l

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) [On

Site Result] 6mg/l 4.81 mg/l 6.33 mg/l 8.55 mg/l




Oil & Grease


iridescent sheen

1.0 4.02 4.64

pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 7.87 9.07 10.28




Temperature (On Site Result) 30.14°C 28.78°C 33.45°C


96


Parameters


water/ground water)

WHO (DW)


WHO)

Ambient water

quality standards for the protection

of aquatic life

ET # 6 ET # 8 ET # 9


Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (5

days at 20oC) ≤ 3.0 mg/l 8 mg/l 8 mg/l 10 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen


Dissolved Oxygen

(DO) [On Site

Result] 6mg/l 3.00 mg/l 2.30 mg/l 6.01 mg/l




Oil & Grease



pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 9.83 10.65 8.72


Salinity (On Site

Result) 3.3 ppt 1.3 ppt 3.3 ppt

Total Suspended

Solids 1500 mg/l 10 mg/l 33 mg/l 24 mg/l 46 mg/l

Temperature (On

Site Result) 29.82 °C 28.63°C 28.28°C




97




Parameters


water/ground water)


guideline by the

WHO)


standards for

the protection of

aquatic life

ET # 11 ET # 12 ET # 13


Biochemical Oxygen


at 20oC) ≤ 3.0 mg/l

6 mg/l 6 mg/l 8 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen



[On Site Result] 6mg/l 3.86 mg/l 3.84 mg/l 9.75 mg/l


Mercury < 0.5 μg/L 0.001 mg/l 0.0001 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l 0 mg/l

Nitrate (N.NO3) 50 mg/l 5 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 0.3 mg/l 03 mg/l

Oil & Grease



pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 9.06 8.10 7.09





Result)

30°C 28.78°C 28.71°C


98




Parameters


water/ground water)


guideline by the

WHO)


standards for

the protection of

aquatic life

ET # 14 ET # 15 ET # 17


Biochemical Oxygen


at 20oC) ≤ 3.0 mg/l

6 mg/l 6 mg/l 4 mg/l

Chemical Oxygen







Oil & Grease



pH (On Site Result) 6.5 - 8.5 6.5-9 7.72 8.96 8.2

Phosphate Nil Nil




Result)

27.92°C 27.6°C 30.14°C


99

D.5. Appendix Soil and Sediment

Table D-33 Soil analysed at ET # 1

Sample Name Symbol Unit Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil

Nitrate NO3N ppm 0.10

Phosphate PO4 ppm 0.06




Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil






Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil






Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil






Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil




100



Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil






Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil






Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil






Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil





Sample Name Symbol Unit

Percentage

Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil




101



Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil






Arsenic As ppm Nil

Lead Pb ppm Nil

Mercury Hg ppm Nil




102

E. Appendix E Biodiversity Survey

E.1. Biodiversity Survey

E.1.1. Background The proposed new road lies between near Bago area and Kyaikto area, starting at Yangon-Bago road and runs to near Kyaikto area. The proposed road crosses Bago river, Sittaung Canal and Sittaung River before it reaches to nearby Kyaikto area. The proposed road lies between Moeyingyi Wildlife Sanctuary, a Ramsar wetland, and Mottama Ramsar site. Moeyingyi wetland is located 13 kilometres north of the proposed road and Mottama Ramsar site is located 3 kilometres west of the proposed road. The Kyaikhtiyoe Wildlife Sanctuary is located 11 kilometres east of the proposed road.

E.1.2. Survey Methodology The proposed new road from Bago to Kyaikhto crosses the Bago-Sittaung river basin area and some areas are flooded in monsoon season. Most part of the area is observed as rice field and a small part is covered with orchards around Kyaikhto section. The Bago River arises in the hill of Bago county and flows for 331 kilometres towards Yangon with a catchment area of 5348 km2, through the city of Bago. The width of Bago River differs from 150m upstream to 2200m downstream. The Sittaung river rises northeast of Yamethin on the edge of the Shan Plateau and flowing south with a catchment area of 48,100 km2 for 420km to empty into the Gulf of Martabin of the Andaman Sea. The Sittaung river is navigable for 40km year-round and for 90km during monsoon season. Its lower course is linked by a canal to Bago River, which makes the basinduring the wet season very interrelated.

The biodiversity along the proposed new road composed of the cropland ecological conditions such as rice field habitat with common animal species in the area. Aquatic habitat and related flora and fauna are noted at the Bago river and Sittaung river and their connected wetland areas. The proposed new road passes some small patches of orchards of cashew nut and rubber and oil palm plantation areas.

A survey team of 8 persons conducted a field survey on the biodiversity of the proposed Bago-Kyaikto road. It was undertaken to find out the existing biodiversity and ecological condition along the proposed road. The field survey was undertaken following the methods described in Term of Reference (TOR) provided by the Consultant. The study was carried out along the proposed road and the survey focused on the areas which had different ecological conditions and based on the topographic conditions, vegetation cover and elevations. Twenty-seven specific locations were selected for detail descriptions. The Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was used to document the presence of and assessments of the species encountered. In each area visited by the survey team, interviews were conducted with the villagers who live adjacent to the proposed road for the presence and abundance of animals, fish, flora and fauna in the area. Data from local wet markets (fish and vegetables) were included. The proposed new road from Bago to Kyaikto crosses the Bago-Sittaung river basin area and some areas are flooded in monsoon season including Bago and Sittaung Rivers.

103

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative

Figure E-1 Map showing the surveying route along the proposed road

The surveys documented the biodiversity values of some of the area of the right of way of the proposed Bago to Kyaikto Road. The surveys were conducted in 12 June 2018 to 18 June 2018. In surveying the animal species, the surveys focussed on mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. The plant and animal species of the project area identified and noted. Levels of disturbance to the natural areas were recorded.

In order to ensure that the surveys include a representative selection of habitat types, precise sample sites are selected on the basis of elevation and vegetation type using a combination of 1:50000 maps, satellite images, a review of available literature and consultation with local residents.

The area was surveyed by directional walks and was surveyed by visual encounter surveys and observations. The Visual Encounter Survey (VES) was used to document the presence of and assessments of the species encountered. Systematic records of forest and other habitat disturbance were carried out in order to assess rates of this disturbance. The types of crops, plantation and orchards found along the alignment were noted. The fish and other species found in the canals, rivers and ponds along the alignment were noted. The birds encountered along the alignment were noted and photographed for identifying the species. The names of all species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, the flora and fauna (crops, trees, bushes) of the project area were noted with three names: local name in Myanmar language, in English and the scientific name.

E.1.3. Directional Walks “Directional walks” were used to count animals, animal dung and tracks. These were conducted by 8 persons in 4 teams of two persons, the principal researcher and one research assistant. Using a compass and GPS, these were undertaken each day starting at about 7-7.30 am (or immediately after dawn). The walks followed the proposed road alignment where

104

possible and followed straight lines as much as the terrain and vegetation allowed. Data was recorded in notebooks and then transcribed onto a data-sheet after each walk.

The start and the end time and GPS position of each walk was recorded, together with straight distance walked. Although the direction is “straight” following the proposed alignment of the road the surveyors meandered in order to capture all available data. This was shown in GPS tracks. Average speed is about 2km/h. This allowed for the calculation of a gross encounter rate (number of species per km walked and per sampling time) that in turn gives a proxy of relative abundance. For each sighting data was recorded on the time of encounter, species, number of individuals, group size estimation, habitat and locality notes.

E.1.4. Interviews with Villagers In each area visited by the survey team, interviews were conducted with the villagers who live adjacent to the proposed road for the presence and abundance of animals, fish, flora and fauna in the area. Data from local wet markets (fish and vegetables) were included. A representative group of the people were interviewed for presence and abundance of medium to large mammals and sites of higher abundance. Field guides and photographs of key species were used to facilitate identification. A preliminary list could then be compiled.

E.1.5. Meteorology The rainfall in Bago-Sittaung river basin is variable due to the dry and wet season. The rainfall is very intense, which makes the rain events short with high precipitation rates. The temperature difference between the wet and dry season is low with difference around 5 degrees.

E.1.6. Floods in the Wet Season

The lower parts of the Bago-Sittaung river basins are prone to flood occurrences. Due to heavy rainfall the discharge of the rivers increases. This together with high tides from the sea causes frequent floods. Floods only occur during the wet season as this accounts for almost all rainfall during the year.

E.1.7. Salinization in times of drought In Bago and Sittaung Rivers, salt intrusion is a problem in the dry season due to low water level in the rivers and crops being more fragile. The lower Sittaung River basin is more prone to tidal effects because it flows straight into the ocean.

E.1.8. Findings at Intervals The biodiversity team started to survey the occurrence and diversity of the flora, fauna and ecological conditions on 12.6.2018. The start point was near the Bago City around 17°14'44.95"N and 96°27'56.48"E. The plants were mainly flowering plants grown by the residents. Herbs and shrubs were observed at the road side and agricultural land. The animals and plants listed were common species and no threatened species were found at the starting segment. The land cover is shown in the following figures.

105


Figure E-2 Landcover of segment 1 near Bago City

Figure E-3 Landcover of segment 2 near between Bago City Thanatpin town


106

Figure E-4 Landcover of segment 3 near Thanatpin town


Figure E-5 Landcover of segment 4


The starting point was Yangon-Bago highway near the Mahar Byamaso Monastery. The area was dominated with terrestrial bird species like house sparrow and tree sparrow groups.

107

E.1.8.1. Location 1: 17°14'44.95"N; 96°27'56.48"E

Figure E-6 Existing condition of location 1


The plant species observed were Chromolaena odorata (Bizat), Physalis minima L.(Bauk Pin), Phyllanthus urinaria L.(Myay zee phyu), Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit(Nan saw), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.(Kokko), Streptocaulon tomentosum(Myinsagoni), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli(Myet cho), and Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet).

E.1.8.2. Location 2: 17°15'59.36"N; 96°28'56.08"E



This segment was located across the rail road and beside it; there was an area of mixed vegetation with flooded patches and agricultural lands.

The study area was located near the roadside of Yangon-Mandalay highway and covered with agricultural land and natural vegetation of grasses and herbs. The water birds species like cattle egrets, indian pond herons, little cormorants, asian open bill, cotton pygmy gooses, little egret and some land birds species like red wattled lapwing, house sparrows, tree sparrows, spotted doves, common myna, little green bee-eater, white throated kingfisher, red vented bulbul and zitting cisticola and rose winged parakeet were found in this area during field surveys. Some paddy crabs dominated in paddyfield and small water channel. Some frog and toad calls were recorded from paddy field.

The plant species observed were Chromolaena odorata (Bizat), Syzygium kurzii.(Thabyay) Clematis cadmia (Pwint Phyu Nwel), Virgaatus stapf(Myet Nan), Tridax procumbens L.(Mwe Soke), Terminalia catappa L.(Banda), Saccharum spontaneum(Kaing), Euphorbia hypericfolia L.(Minsae), Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Imperata cylindrical(Thekke), Mimosa pudica L.(Kone hte yone), and Eichhornia crassipes(Beda).

108

E.1.8.3. Location 3: 17°16'20.89"N; 96°29'39.84"E



This segment crosses the Bago River and agriculture land, near the Ahtetcity Village. From this point, more land bird species like white throated kingfisher, pie bushchat, little green bee-eater, spotted dove, black drongo, white throated babbler and red vented bulbul with many individual birds such as common myna species were found at this area. Some water bird species like little egret and little cormorant in small number of individuals were recorded. A couple of lizards were observed at the edges of paddy field. During field survey, two spawning fish species, climbing perch(nga-pyay-ma), were accidently found on a muddy road near water channel in the rainy time of this day.

The plant species listed were Dillenia indica L.(Tha byut chin), Bombax ceiba L.(Letpan), Flemingia sp.(Kyee), Chromolaena odorata (Bezet) , Andrapogan brevifolius L. Zein-Myat. Canna indica L.(Budatharana), Clitoria ternatea L.(Aung-me-nyo), Eragrostis bifaria Wt.ex Steud.(Myet Mwel), and Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw),

109

E.1.8.4. Location 4: 17°16'43.74"N; 96°30'14.77"E



This area was covered with agricultural plots of rice fields. Small number of edible paddy field crabs at edges of paddy field and some water birds species like flying lesser whistling duck and little cormorant were observed at this area. In paddy field, 20 to 25 rose ring parakeet were found foraging around the area. The plant species listed were Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli(Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), and Dichanthium annulatum(Padawni).

E.1.8.5. Location 5: 17°18'19.08"N; 96°33'2.88"E



This segment crossed the road of Bago-Tha Nat Pin road. Moreover, both sides of this road were close to agricultural land. This area was largely covered with paddy field and flooded areas. Many individuals of cattle egrets with yellow head (breeding stage) dominated in this area while the land birds like chestnut headed bee-eater were hunting insects near the road side of Bag-Thanat pin road. Some edible frogs Rana limnocharis were found in flooded area.

The plant species observed were Eichhornia crassipes(Beda), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman), Commelina sp(Wet kyut), Eleusine indica L.(Singo Myet), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman Myet), Acacia mangium Willd(Mangan-shar), Acacia auriculiformis (Orisha), Alternanthera nodiflora(Kanaphaw), Leucaena leucocephala(Awaya), and Mangifera indica L.(Thayet).

110

E.1.8.6. Location 6: 17°19'14.25"N; 96°34'22.93"E



This area was widely covered by paddy field and many flooded areas were observed. Many individuals of tree sparrows dominated in this area while the land birds like little green bee-eater were hunting insects near the road side of village. One cinnamon bittern was flying over the wetland area.

The plant species listed were Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.(Sabal), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum(Padawni), Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Arundinella birmanica (Myet Pauk), and Chromolaena odorata (Bezet).

E.1.8.7. Location 7: 17°20'39.03"N; 96°36'40.11"E



This area was surrounded by paddy field and flooded lands. Many edible mollusks, Pila globosa were found in water channel of paddy field. Some waterbird species like India pond heron, cattle egret and some land birds like house sparrows and large bill crow were recorded in wetland and nearby village.

The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine),Samanea saman(Kokko), Virgaatusstapf (Myat nan),Phragmites karka Roxb.(Kyu),Oryza sativa L.(Saba),Alocasia sp. (Pein),Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait.(Sabal), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli(Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet), and Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni).

111

E.1.8.8. Location 8: 17°21'30.10"N; 96°37'26.97"E



The whole area was found to be agricultural land (rice field). This segment was widely flooded and only Asian palm swift and red whisker bulbul were found during that survey time.

The plant species observed were Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli(Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L., (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni) and Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw),

E.1.8.9. Location 9: 17°22'15.93"N; 96°38'14.95"E



The area was a mixed flood land and rice field. This point was a flooded area. More land bird species like three kinds of munia, chestnut headed munia, scaly breasted munia and white belly munia were recorded with some trees around village. Near threatened bird species, asian golden weaver birds were found in grass land of this area.

The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L. (Kine), Oryza sativa L. (Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni) and Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw).

112

E.1.8.10. Location 10: 17°22'38.58"N; 96°39'12.19"E



This section passed the area close to a pagoda which was located nearby Nyaung Thone Gwa village. The area was surrounded by paddy fields, grassland and small wetland areas. Three white breasted wood swallow were found on the tree in this area and munia and asian golden weaver in grassland and trees in this area. Some lizards and toads were also found at the wet land.

The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L. (Kine), Oryza sativa L. (Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Borassus flabellifer L. (Htan), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (Kokko), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw), Eichhornia crassipes (Baeda), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) (Myat cho).

E.1.8.11. Location 11: 17°22'48.95"N; 96°39'26.26"E



This segment was flooded area and water depth was about 2.5 meters at the road side. Only one species of little egret and some land bird species, one bird of prey (black winged kite) soaring over the paddy field and oriental magpie robin on the tree were recorded. Some water snakes and edible paddy field mollusk were found in water channel of this area.

The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine),Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Borassus flabelliferL. (Htan), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet),

113

Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (Kokko), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw), and Eichhornia crassipes (Baeda).

E.1.8.12. Location 12: 17°23'23.00"N; 96°41'27.79"E



The area was a widely flooded area. The survey team took the photos of the paddy field rats from a villager hunting for food and he used to sell in village market for his family. Some water bird species like little cormorant, little egret, the near-threatened bird species, and one oriental darter bird were found at this area. One skink and one lizard were recorded in this area.

The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine), Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Nan saw), and Eichhornia crassipes (Baeda).

E.1.8.13. Location 13: 17°24'0.52"N; 96°43'56.17"E



The whole area was flooded. Most of the recorded birds were observed in the sky, such as Asian palm swift and house swift. The edible paddyfield crabs were found in water channel of this area

The plant species listed were Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Oryza sativa L.(Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L.(Zein Myet), Flemingia sp.(Kyee), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.(Kokko), Senna siamea (Mae zeli), and Syzygium kurzii (Thabyay).

114

E.1.8.14. Location 14: 17°24'5.86"N; 96°46'28.34"E



This area was covered with rice field and located near a village to village connecting road. The land bird species like tree sparrow, red whisker bulbul, asain golden weaver bird together with nest on tree were recorded. One aquatic insect was found in wetland area of the point. The plant species listed were Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Oryza sativa L. (Saba), Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius L. (Zein Myet), Saccharum spontaneum L.(Kine), Cyperus rotundus L. (Myet Mone nyin), Flemingia sp. (Kyee), Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (Kokko), Ziziphus rugosa Lam. (Zee), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Padauk), and Psidium guajava L. (Malaka).

E.1.8.15. Location 15: 17°24'4.47"N; 96°49'46.59"E



This area was mixed grass land and flooded area. The survey team conducted interview surveys with native people about the status of animals in this area, the poisonous snake species, such as cobra, viper and banded krait were abundant in this area. The waterbird species like Indian pondheron and little egret were observed in this point. The land bird species like red collared dove, oriental magpie robin, red whisker bulbul, asian golden weaver bird together with nest on a tree were recorded. One aquatic insect species was found in wetland area of the point.

The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Saccharum spontaneum (Kine ), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman), Mimosa pudica (Hti-ka-yone), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk), Samanea saman (Kokko), and Oryza sativa (Saba).

115

E.1.8.16. Location 16: 17°23'53.91"N; 96°51'35.29"E



This area was agriculture land (rice field). The water snake was recorded in this area and Asian golden weaver birds and common myana were found at this area.

The plant species observed were Tamarindus indica (Magyi), Anthocephalus morindaefolius (Ma U), Azadirachta indica (Tama), Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), and Oryza sativa (Saba).

E.1.8.17. Location 17: 17°23'57.53"N; 96°52'8.39"E



This area was located near the Grass land and flooded area. Snakes were common in the area. The water bird species, cotton pygmy goose with it nest on trees and indian pond heron were found at this area.

The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman), Eleusine indica (Sinngo-myet), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk), Samanea saman (Kokko), and Oryza sativa (Saba).

116

E.1.8.18. Location 18: 17°24'16.23"N; 96°53'44.60"E



The area was located near the Sittaung River and some fish species were recorded in this segment. The plant species observed were Tamarindus indica (Magyi), Anthocephalus morindaefolius (Ma U), Azadirachta indica (Tama), Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), and Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat).

E.1.8.19. Location 19: 17°24'23.72"N; 96°54'9.79"E



This area was located near a poultry farm. The common myna and house sparrow were found near fish farm. The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), and Mangifera indica (Thayat).

117

E.1.8.20. Location 20: 17°24'22.80"N; 96°55'50.55"E



This area is located at the rubber plantation area. The rufous treepie was found in the rubber farm and greater coucal was observed near small wetland area around this segment.

The plant species observed were Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), and Pennisetum pedicellatum (Myat Bie Daung).

E.1.8.21. Location 21: 17°23'33.85"N; 96°57'24.30"E



This area was found within African Oil Palm plantation (Si ohn). The proposed road passed the area. The land birds like black drongo and jungle myna were recorded in the oil palm plantation area.

The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Phyllanthus urinaria (Mye-zi-phyu), Triumfetta bartramia (Kat-si-nal), Elaeis guineensis (Si Ohne), Tacca leontopetaloides (Balu-taung-hmwe), Chromolaena odorata (Bezet), and Convolvulus arvensis (Kouk-yoe-newl).

118

E.1.8.22. Location 22: 17°22'15.51"N; 96°58'50.64"E



This location was located very close to rubber plantation which was mixed with some teak plants. The land bird species like black drongo was found in this area.

The plant species observed were Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Pennisetum pedicellatum (Myat Bie Daung), Abutilon indicum (Bauk-khwe), Ageratum conyzoides (Khwe-thay-pan), Carallia brachiate (Mani Awbar), and Glochidion sp (Ta-min-soke).

E.1.8.23. Location 23: 17°21'19.56"N; 96°59'29.57"E



This segment crossed the road of Wall-Kyaikto road near the Bike Ker village. The land bird species, such as house sparrow, tree sparrow and house crow were found near the road side.

The plant species listed were Saccharum spontaneum (Kine), Eragrostella bifaria (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Delonix regia (Sein-pan), Leucaena leucocephala (Awaya), Mangifera indica (Thayat), Microcos paniculata (Mya Yar), and Mitragyna diversifolia (Binga).

119

E.1.8.24. Location 24: 17°20'29.77"N; 97° 1'15.01"E



The area was covered with mixed grasses, shrubs, herbs and trees. The land bird species like greater coucal was observed near a wetland area.

The plant species observed were Eragrostella bifaria Wt.(Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Mangifera indica (Thayat), Microcos paniculata (Mya Yar), Mitragyna diversifolia (Binga), Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber), Flemingia sp (Kyi-mee), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Psidium guajava (Malaka), and Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk).

E.1.8.25. Location 25: 17°19'50.39"N; 97° 1'51.45"E



In this area, the proposed road crossed the existing road of Kyaikto-Kin Pun Sakan.

The plant species listed were Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein-Myat), Arundinella birmanica (Myat-pauk), Dichanthium annulatum (Padaw-ni), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myat-cho), Phyllanthus urinaria (Mye-zi-phyu), Triumfetta bartramia (Kat-si-nal), Tacca leontopetaloides (Balu-taung-hmwe), Chromolaena odorata (Bezet), and Convolvulus arvensis (Kouk-yoe-newl).

120

E.1.8.26. Location 26: 17°18'57.13"N; 97° 2'50.03"E



This area was located near the Sunlon Monastery. The land bird species of black drongo and house crow were recorded on both sides of the road.

The plant species observed were Eragrostella bifaria Wt. (Thaman myet), Echinochloa crus-galli (Myet cho), Andrapogan brevifolius (Zein Myet), Dichanthium annulatum (Padawni). Alternanthera nodiflora (Kanaphaw), Mangifera indica (Thayat), Microcos paniculata (Mya Yar), Mitragyna diversifolia (Binga), Flemingia sp (Kyi-mee), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Psidium guajava (Malaka), Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Patauk), Senna siamea (Mae-zeli), and Syzygium kurzii (Thabyay).

E.1.8.27. Location 27: 17°18'34.05"N; 97° 3'24.47"E



This area was located at the road of Kyaiktoto-Mawlamyaing road. The plant species observed were Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), Cyperus rotundus (Myat-monyin), Echinochola colona (Pazonsar-Myat), Desmodium diffusum (Gyat), Pennisetum pedicellatum (Myat Bie Daung), Abutilon indicum (Bauk-khwe), Ageratum conyzoides (Khwe-thay-pan), Carallia brachiate (Mani Awbar), Glochidion sp (Ta-min-soke). Tamarindus indica (Magyi), Cynodon dactylon (Myaysar-Myat), and Emblica officinalis (Zi-phyu).

E.1.9. Plant Species A total of 129 plant species were recorded along the proposed road. Most of the plant species were common to the region and a small number of tree species were observed at Kyaikto

121

segment. Almost all part of the area between Bago and Sittaung River were covered with rice field, and the area included grass, herb and small plant species. The grass species were Andrapogan brevifolius L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochola colona L. Link., Eleusine indica L., Eragrostella bifaria Wt., and Virgaatus sp. Stapf. The common herb species noted along the proposed road were Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet., Alocasia sp., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H Robinson, Cleome burmanii Wight & Arn, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Euphorbia hypericfolia L., Heliotropium indicum L., Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit., Indigofera atropurpurea Bucb-Ham., Physalis minima L., Physalis minima L., Tridax procumbens L., and Triumfetta bartramia L. The common shrub species include Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, and Ricinus communis L.

Plants that were observed are shown below.

Hevea braziliensis (rubber)

Elaeis guineensis (Si ohn)

Tectona grandis (Kyun)

Anacardium occidentale L. (Thiho)

Piper betle L. (Kunn)

Citrus maxima (Burm.) (Kwekaw)

122

Oryza sativa L. (Sabar)

Heliotropiumindicum L. (Sin-na-maung)

Physlis minima L. (Bauk pin)

Tridax procumbens L. Hmwe zoke

Alternanthera nodiflora R. Br. (kanaphaw)

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Kyate hman)

Centella asiatica L. (Myinkhwar) Costus speciosus Sm. (Phalaungtaungmwe)

123

Alocasia sp. (Pein)

Cyperus rotundus L. (Myet-mom-nyin)

Eichhornia crassipes (Marts.) (Beda)

Eragrostis bifaria Wt. (Myetmwe)

Source for all above photos: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

Table E-1 Shrubs and Grasses

Scientific Name Family Name Local Name Type IUCN Red List Status

Eichhornia crassipes (Marts.) Solms

Pontederiaceae Bae-da AH NE

Dendrocalamus longispathus (Kurz) Kurz

Poaceae Wanet B NE

Acacia megaladena Desv. Mimosaceae Su-yit CI NE

Cocculus villosus DC. Menispermaceae Kywet- Nabaung

CL NE

Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulaceae Kouk-yoe-newl

CL NE

Derris trifoliata Lour. Fabaceae New-net CL NE

Hygrophila phlomoides Nees Acanthaceae Migyaung-new

CL NE

Mimosa pudica L. Mimosaceae Hti-ka-yone CL LC

Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Kyat-hin-khar CL NE

Streptocaulon tomentosum Wight Asclepiadaceae Myin-sagon-ni CL NE

Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Aung-me-nyo Cl NE

124


Argyreia capitiformis (Poir.) ooststr.

Convolvulaceae Nwel-Pauk Cr NE

Selaginlla martensii L. Selaginelaceae Kyauk-pan F NE

Andrapogan brevifolius L. Poaceae Zein-Myat G NE

Arundinella birmanica Hook. f. Poaceae Myat-pauk G NE

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Poaceae Sabalin G NE

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Myaysar-Myat G NE

Cyperus rotundus L. Poaceae Myat-monyin G LC

Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf

Poaceae Padaw-ni G NE

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.

Poaceae Myat-cho G NE

Echinochola colona L. Link. Poaceae Pazonsar-Myat

G NE

Eleusine indica L. Poaceae Sinngo-myet G LC

Eragrostella bifaria Wt. Poaceae Thaman myet G NE

Eragrostis bifaria Wt.ex Steud. Poaceae Myat-mwel G NE

Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Poaceae Thekke G NE

Oryza sativa L. Poaceae Saba G NE

Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin Poaceae Myat Bie Daung

G NE

Phragmites karka Roxb. Poaceae Kyu G LC

Saccharum spontaneum L. Poaceae Kine G LC

Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze

Poaceae Tamyat-si G NE

Virgaatus sp. stapf Poaceae Myat-nan G NE

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet. Malvaceae Bauk-khwe H NE

Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Khwe-thay-pan

H NE

Alocasia sp. Araceae Pein H NE

Aloe vera L Aloeaceae Shazaung-let-pat

H NE

Alternanthera nodiflora R. Br. Amaranthaceae Kanaphaw H LC

Angustiafolium vahl. Oleaceae Taw Zabai H NE

Canna indica L. Cannaceae Budatharana H NE

Celosia cristata L. Amaranthaceae Kyat Mauk H NE

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae Myin-khwa H LC

125


Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H Robinson

Asteraceae Bezet H NE

Clematis cadmia Buch - Ham. Ranunculaceae Pwint phyu Nwel

H NE

Cleome burmanii Wight & Arn Capparaceae Taw-hingala H NE

Cleome viscosa L. Capparaceae Gant-gala H NE

Coleus blumei Benth. Lamiaceae Kadiba-ywethla

H NE

Commelina sp. Commelinaceae Wet-kyut H LC

Costus speciosus Sm. Zingiberales Pa-laung-taung-hmwe

H NE

Crinum asiaticum L. Amaryllidaceae Koyan-gyi H NE

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. Asteraceae Kyate-hman H DD

Euphorbia hypericfolia L. Euphorbiaceae Hmin-sae H NE

Heliotropium indicum L. Boraginaceae Sin-hna-maung

H NE

Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Heine

Acanthaceae Su-padaung H LC

Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit Lamiaceae Nan-saw H NE

Indigofera atropurpurea Bucb-Ham.

Fabaceae Mae-yine H NE

Jussiaea suffruticosa Linn Onagraceae Taw-lay-nyin H NE

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Pyin-daw-thein

H NE

Musa sapientum L. Musaceae Nga-pyaw H NE

Phyllanthus urinaria L. Euphorbiaceae Mye-zi-phyu H NE

Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Bauk-khwe-kalay

H NE

Physalis minima L. Solanaceae Bauk-pin H NE

Polygonum tomentosum Willd. Polygonaceae Kywe-ngakhaung

H LC

Polyscias scutellaria (N. L. Burn.) Fosberg

Araliaceae Sonma Letthae

H NE

Rostellularia procumbuns L. Acanthaceae Pan-pyar H NE

Ruellia humilis Nutt. Acamthaceae Nagama H NE

Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze

Dioscoreaceae Balu-taung-hmwe

H LC

Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Hmwe-zote H NE

126


Triumfetta bartramia L. Tiliaceae Kat-si-nal H NE

Urtica dioica L. Urticaceae Phat-yar H NE

Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Malvaceae Yone-pa-di S NE

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. Fabaceae Subok S NE

Acacia rugata Buch.-Ham. Mimosoideae Kin-mon-chin S NE

Capsicum annuum L. Solanaceae Nga-yoke S NE

Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze

Verbenaceae Ngayan-padu S NE

Desmodium diffusum DC. Fabaceae Gyat S NE

Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Tha-byut-chin S NE

Glycosmis pentaphylla Correa Rutaceae O-bok S NE

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Malvaceae Chin-baung-ni S NE

Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. Oleaceae Sabe S NE

Jasminum sp. Oleaceae Taw-sabe S NE

Nerium oleander L. Apocynaceae Nwel-thargi S NE

Pueraria collettii Prain Fabaceae Chin-yar S NE

Tephrosia purpurea pers. Fabaceae Tapin-shwehti S NE

Ureana lobata L. Malvaceae Chin-baung S NE

AH=aquatic herb; B=bamboo; CL=climber; CR=creeper; DD=Data Deficient; F=fungi; G=grass; H=herb; LC=Least Concern; LR=Lower Risk; NE=Not Evaluated; S=shrub;


E.1.10. Tree Species The tree species recorded were only in a small number; most of the plant species were grass, herb and shrub species which were found as large cover of the vegetation areas. The plant species recorded in plantation areas were Hevea braziliensis and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. The orchard plant species recorded was Anacardium occidentale L.

Table E-2 Mature Trees


Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Fabaceae Orisha T LC

Acacia mangium Willd Fabaceae Mangan-shar T NE

Acaciamangium Willd Fabaceae Malashar-patauk-phyu

T NE

Albizia procera (Roxb.) Banth. Fabaceae Sit T NE

Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Thiho T NE

Anthocephalus morindaefolius Korth.

Rubeaceae Ma U T NE

127


Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng. Euphorbiaceae Kin-Ba-Lin T NE

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Moraceae Pain-nel T NE

Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Tama T NE

Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Let-pan T NE

Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Anacardiaceae Lunbo T NE

Butea monosperma (Lam.)O.Ktze.

Papilionaceae Pauk T NE

Careya arborea Roxb. Lecythidaceae Ban-bwe T NE

Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Thinbaw T NE

Citrus maxima (Burm) Rutaceae Kywekaw T NE

Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.

Fabaceae Sein-pan T LC

Elaeis guineensis Arecaceae Si ohn T NE

Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.

Myrtaceae Eu-ca-lit T NE

Flemingia sp. Fabaceae Kyi-mee T NE

Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Moraceae Rubber T NE

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit

Mimosaceae Awaya T NE

Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers.

Lauraceae Ohn Don T NE

Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Khayay T NE

Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Dantalon T NE

Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. Piperaceae Sayoe T NE

Pterospermum semisagittatum Buch.-Ham

Sterculiaceae Nagye T NE

Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Fabaceae Kokko T NE

Strychnos nux-blanda A.W.Hill Loganiaceae Ka-baung T NE

Syzygium kurzii (Duthie) N.P.Balakr.

Myrtaceae Thabyay T NE

Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Magyi T NE

Tectona grandis L. f. Verbenaceae Kyun T NE

Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Banda T NE


AH=aquatic herb; B=bamboo; CL=climber; CR=creeper; DD=Data Deficient; F=fungi; G=grass; H=herb; LC=Least Concern; LR=Lower Risk; NE=Not Evaluated; S=shrub;

ST=small tree; T=tree

128

Table E-3 Small Trees


Acacia Chundra (Rottler) Willd Mimosaceae Gandaya ST NE

Aglaia odorata Lour. Meliaceae Thanakhar ST LR

Areca catechu L. Arecaceae Kun-thi-pin ST NE

Averrhoa carambola L. Oxalidaceae Zaung ya ST NE

Bauhinia acuminata L. Caesalpiniaceae Phalan ST LC

Glochidion sp. Euphorbiaceae Ta-min-soke ST NE

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

Anacardiaceae Nann Bo ST NE

Microcos paniculata L. Tiliaceae Mya Yar ST NE

Morinda citrifolia L. Rubiaceae Yeyo ST NE

Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Kyaung-sha ST NE

Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae Tayoke-sakar ST NE

Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Malaka ST NE

Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Kyetsu ST NE

Ziziphus rugosa Lam. Rhamnaceae Taw Zi ST NE


Table E-4 Plantation and orchard Trees

Scientific Name Family Name Local Name

Type IUCN Red List Status

Remark

Hevea braziliensis Euphorbiaceae Rubber T NE Plantation

Elaeis guineensis Jacq Arecaceae Si Ohne T NE Plantation

Anacardium occidentale L.

Anacardiaceae Thiho T NE Orchard


IUCN =International Union for Conservation of Nature;

NE =Not Evaluated; T=tree

The numbers of affected trees are given in the table below.

129


Of these trees, most occur on private land and some occur on public (or state land). Of the land to be acquired 4% is state land. The types and numbers of trees on private and public land respectively is given in the table below.

Table E-5 Trees Belonging to Households and State

Types of trees Quantity of affected trees

Households Public

- Rubber 17,782

- Bamboo 11,179 4,235

- Rain tree 21 216

- Livistona 35 207

No. of AHs No. of APs

No. of

Timber

trees

(tree)

No. of Fruit

trees

(tree)

Total

Bago Yat Kwat Gyi Koe Mon Su 11 61 4 727 731

Bago Outsetee (West) Outsetee (West) 5 27 6 1 7

Bago Zay Nyaung Pin Outsetee (East) 3 17 3 3 6

Bago Mote Ka La Mote Ka La 4 16 12 26 38

23 121 25 757 782

Thanatpin Auk Su Auk Su 7 34 10 77 87

Thanatpin Phaye Phaye 4 36 3 9 12

Thanatpin Zay Paeing Zay Paeing 2 11 1 1 2

Thanatpin Sonpi Sonpi 6 24 40 61 101

Thanatpin Kha Yan Kha Yan 2 17 2 42 44

Thanatpin Min Ywar kyaung su Min Ywar kyaung su 11 61 42 187 229

32 183 98 377 475

Waw Nyaung Thone Gwa Nyaung Thone Gwa 10 55 42 113 155

Waw Moe Nat Moe Nat 1 8 15 1 16

Waw Moe Nat Ma War Tae Su 1 6 5 42 47

Waw Moe Nat Kyar Nyo Kan 10 89 189 309 498

Waw Nyaung Kine Nyaung kine 5 30 26 493 519

Waw Ka Dut Ka Dut 8 60 477 105 582

Waw Htain Ta Pin Htain Ta Pin (Ywar Thit) 2 12 1 1 2

Waw Bo Ka Daw Bo Ka Daw 4 25 28 9 37

Waw Kyone Yae Kyone Yae 3 28 7 16 23

Waw Zee Phyu Kone Zee Phyu Kone 11 79 90 41 131

Waw Taw Gyi Taw Gyi 1 4 8 9 17

Waw Shan Khaing Shan Khaing 7 42 15 150 165

63 438 903 1,289 2,192

Kyaikto Kha Lun Kha Lun 31 143 15,700 68,328 84,028

Kyaikto Pyin Ga Toe Kone Pyin Ga Toe Kone 1 6 85 - 85

Kyaikto Kha Lun Kyar Inn Lay 5 21 17 5,300 5,317

Kyaikto Ma Hlauk Chaung Nat Gyi Seik 6 26 9,618 81 9,699

Kyaikto Hle Lan Ku Sein Ka Lae 11 45 9,664 9,906 19,570

Kyaikto Hle Lan Ku Bite kar 11 58 361 1,743 2,104

65 299 35,445 85,358 120,803

183 1,041 36,471 87,781 124,252

Quantity of Affected Trees

Total

Subtotal of Bago

Subtotal of Thanatpin

Subtotal of Waw

Subtotal of Kyaikto

Townships Village Tracts/Ward Villages

Households with

trees affectedQuantity of affected trees

130

Types of trees Quantity of affected trees

Households Public

- Teak tree 80

- Acacia Manglum 2,569

- Other timber trees 104 44

- Piper betel 82,610

- Mango 621

- Betel nut tree 188

- Pomelo 1,852

- Banana 1,670

- Palm oil tree 39

- Durian and rambutan

226

- Other fruit trees 575

Total 119,550 4,702


E.1.11. Bird species A total of 47 bird species was recorded along the proposed road. Most of of the bird species recorded were common to the region and threatened species were not found during the survey period. One endemic species, turdoides gularis, was observed at some segments of the proposed new road. Two near-threatened (NT) species of Anhinga melanogaster (Oo pan) and Ploceus hypoxanthus (Sar war) were observed at some segments of the proposed road.

Table E-6 Bird species recorded during the survey period

Sr. No.

Scientific name Common name

Local name Family IUCN status

1 Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling Duck

Sis Sa Li Anatidae LC

2 Nettapus coromandelianus

Asian Pygmy Goose

Ka La Gat Anatidae LC

3 Amaurornis phoenicurus

White-breasted Waterhen

Yae Kyat Ma Yin Phyu

Rallidae LC

4 Gallicrex cinerea Watercock Baung Toke Rallidae LC

5 Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill

Kha Yu Toke

Ciconiidae LC

6 Microcarbo niger Little Cormorant

Din Gyi Phalacrocoracidae

LC

7 Egretta garzetta Little Egret Byaing Ardeidae LC

131

Sr. No.



8 Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Kywekyaung Byaing

Ardeidae NE

9 Ixobrychus cinnamomeus

Cinnamon Bittern

Yae Boke Ardeidae LC

10 Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron

Nga Hik Ardeidae LC

11 Anhinga melanogaster

Oriental Darter

Oo Pann Anhingidae NT

12 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing

Tit Ti Tuu Charadriidae LC

13 Glareola maldivarum Oriental Pratincole

Thaung Tinn Glareolidae LC

14 Coturnix coturnix Common Quail

Ngone Phasianidae LC

15 Elanus caeruleus Black-winged Kite

Son Boke Accipitridae LC

16 Streptopelia chinensis

Spotted necked dove

Joe Lae Pyouk

Columbidae NE

17 Columba livia Rock Dove Kho Columbidae LC

18 Streptopelia tranquebarica

Red Collared Dove

Joe Ni Pu Columbidae LC

19 Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift

Moe Sar (Pyan Lwar)

Apodidae LC

20 Apus nipalensis House Swift Pyan Lwar Apodidae LC

21 Centropus sinensis Greater coucal

Boke Cuculidae LC

22 Psilopogon haemacephalus

Copper Smith Barbet

Ngat Pa Dain

Ramphastidae LC

23 Merops orientalis Little Green Bee-eater

Pa Zinn Htoe

Meropidae LC

24 Merops leschenaulti Chestnet Headed Bee eater

Pa Zinn Htoe Yin War

Meropidae LC

25 Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher

Pain Nyin Alcedinidae LC

132

Sr. No.



26 Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet

Kyae Kyoke Psittaculidae LC

27 Aegithina tiphia Commom Iora

Shwe Pyi Soe

Aegithinidae LC

28 Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo

Ngat Taw Dicruridae LC

29 Dendrocitta vagabunda

Rufous Treepie

Na Phar Gyi Corvidae LC

30 Corvus splendens House Crow

Kyee Kann Corvidae LC

31 Corvus macrorhynchos

Large-billed Crow

Taw Kyee Kann

Corvidae LC

32 Ploceus hypoxanthus Asian Golden Weaver

Sar War Ploceidae NT

33 Lonchura malacca Black-headed Munia

Sar Wa Dee Estrildidae LC

34 Lonchura leucogastra White-bellied Munia

Sar Wa Dee Estrildidae LC

35 Passer domesticus House Sparrow

Sar Ka Lay (Aein Sar)

Passeridae LC

36 Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow

Sar Ka Lay (Aein Sar)

Passeridae LC

37 Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola

Cisticolidae LC

38 Prinia inornata Plain Prinia Ngat Lat Ma Cisticolidae LC

39 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird

Nan Pyi Soke

Cisticolidae LC

40 Pycnonotus cafer Red Vented Bulbul

Bout Phin Ni Pycnonotidae LC

41 Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul

Bout Ka Lon Pycnonotidae LC

42 Pycnonotus blanfordi Ayeyarwady bulbul

Bout Sa Mwae

Pycnonotidae LC

43 Turdoides gularis White-throated Babbler

Zwae Leiothrichidae LC (Endemic)

133

Sr. No.



44 Acridotheres tristis Common Myna

Za Yat Sturnidae LC

45 Acridotheres fuscus Jungle Myna

Taw Za Yat Sturnidae LC

46 Saxicola caprata Pied Bush Chat

Law Char Muscicapidae LC

47 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin

Tha Pake Lwal

Muscicapidae LC


IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; LC=Least Concern; NE=Not Evaluated; NT=Near Threatened

Cattle egret

Asian open bill

Spotted dove

Intermediate egret

134

Cotton pygmy goose

Cattle egret

Rose ringed parakeet

Asian golden weaver

Indian pond heron Chestnut headed munia

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018 for all above photos

E.1.12. Mammal species A total of five mammal species were recorded during the survey period. The species Mus cervicolor, Bandicota indica, Bandicota bengalensis, and Rhizomy spruinosus were noted to occur at the crop land area and the species Callosciurus phayrei was observed at the orchard and plantation areas. Threatened mammal species was not observed in the proposed project area.

Table E-7 Mammal species recorded during the survey period

Sr. No.

Scientific name Common name Local name Family IUCN Red List

1 Mus cervicolor Fawn-colored Mouse

Kywet PhaLaung

Muridae NE

135

Sr. No.

Scientific name Common name Local name Family IUCN Red List

2 Bandicota indica Greater Bandicoot Rats

Kywet Kalar Muridae NE

3 Bandicota bengalensis

Lesser Bandicoot Rat

Lai-Kywet Muridae NE

4 Rhizomy spruinosus Hoary Bamboo Rat

Pway Kywet Spalacidae NE

5 Callosciurus phayrei Gray squirrel Shint Sciuridae NE



E.1.13. Amphibian Species A total of five amphibian species, Rana limnocharis, Occidozyga lima, Bufo melanostictus, Kaloula pulchra. and Rhacophorus sp., were recorded during the survey period. No threatened species was noted in the area.

Table E-8 Amphibian species recorded during the survey period

Sr. No.


Local name Family IUCN Red List

1 Rana limnocharis Paddy Frog Sar-phar Ranidae NE

2 Occidozyga lima Common Floating Frog

Phar-pyaung-sin

Ranidae LC

3 Bufo melanostictus True Frog Phar-pyoke Bufonidae NE

4 Kaloula pulchra Common Bull Frog

Phar-kone-nyin

Microhylidae LC

5 Rhacophorus sp. Flying Frog Phar-pyan Rhacophoridae NE



E.1.14. Reptile species A total of nine reptile species were noted during the survey period. Among the recorded reptile species, the species Morenia occellata is a threatened turtle species of Myanmar. This species occurs at the aquatic areas of the Bago-Sittaung river basin. The common species listed during the survey period were Calotes versicolor, Gekko gecko and Lygosoma bowringii.

Table E-9 Reptile species recorded during the survey period

Sr. No.

Scientific name Common name Local name

Family IUCN Red List

1 Gekko gecko Tockay Gecko Taut-te Gekkonidae NE

136

Sr. No.

Scientific name Common name Local name

Family IUCN Red List

2 Calotes versicolor Changeable Lizard Poke-thin-nyo

Agamidae NE

3 Lygosoma bowringii Bowring’s Supple Skink

Kin-late-shaw

Scincidae NE

4 Xenochrophis piscator

Chequered Keelback Water Snake

Ye-myay Natricidae NE

5 Enhydris enhydris Rainbow Water Snake

Ye-mwyay Homalopsidae

LC

6 Bungarus fasciatus Yellow Banded Krait

Ngan-taw-kyar

Elapidae LC

7 Daboian russellii siamensis

Easter Russell’s Viper

Myay-pway Viperidae LC

8 Morenia occellata Eyed Turtle Saut-lake Emydidae VU

9 Lissemys scutata Flapshell Turtle Zin-chaw-lake

Trionychidae DD



Frog, Rana limnocharis

Lizard Calotes versicolar

Lygosoma bowringii

Yellow banded krait Bungarus fasciatus

Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultants, 2018 IUCN=International Union for Conservation of Nature; LC=Least Concern; NE=Not Evaluated; NT=Near Threatened

137

A farmer who hunts the Lesser Bandicoot Bandicota bengalensis


E.1.15. Fish species The fishes were recorded by observation, interview surveys and market surveys. The data were also obtained from secondary data available from the universities. A total of 49 fish species were noted for Bago River and 39 fish species for Sittaung River. The fish species recorded in some flood plains connected to the Bago River and Sittaung River were the same species as found in the rivers. No threatened fish species was recorded in the present study. Among the recorded fish species, some commercial species like Notopterus chitala, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Sperata acicularis, Wallago attu, Silonia silondia, and Pangasius pangasius were noted. All recorded species are consumed by the people.

Table E-10 Fish species recorded for Bago River

Sr. No.

Scientific Name Common Name Local Name Families

1 Notopterus chitala (Hamilton and Buchanan,1822)

Humped featherback

Nga-phe-khone Notopteridae

2 N.notopterus (Pallas,1796)

Grey featherback Nga-phe Notopteridae

3 Catla catla (Himilton ana Buchanan,1822)

Catla Nga-thaing-gaung-pwa

Cyprinidae

4 Cirrhinus mrigala (Himilton and Buchanan,1822)

Mrigal Nga-gyin Cyprinidae

5 Labeo boga (Himilton and Buchanan,1822)

Boga labeo Nga-loo Cyprinidae

6 Labeo calbasu (Himilton and Buchanan,1822)

Kalbasu,Black rohu

Nga-net-pya Cyprinidae

7 Labe rohita (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Rohu Nga-myat-hsan-ni

Cyprinidae

138

Sr. No.


8 Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes,1844)

Pengha Nga-phan-ma Cyprinidae

9 O.cotio (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Cotio Nga-lin-ban Cyprinidae

10 P.sarana (Hamilton,1822)

Olive barb Nga-khon-ma-gyee

Cyprinidae

11 P.sophore (F.Himilton,1822)

Spotfin swamp barb

Nga-khon-ma Cyprinidae

12 Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes,1842)

Sardinella minnow

Yin-baung-zar Cyprinidae

13 Amblypharyngodon mola Hamilton,1822

Mola carplet Nga-bae-phyu Cyprinidae

14 Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes,1846)

Malabar loach Nga-tha-lae-doe

Cobitidae

15 Botia histrionica (Blyth,1861)

Burmese loach Shwe-sar-yae Cobitidae

16 Sperata acicularis Ferraris & Runge, 1999

Bagrid catfish Nga-jaung Bagridae

17 Mystus bleekeri (Day,1877)

Day's mystus Nga-zin-yaing-kywe

Bagridae

18 M .cavasius (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Gangetic mystus Nga-zin-yine-phyu

Bagridae

19 M.microphthalmus (Day, 1877)

Irrawaddy mystus

Nga-ike Bagridae

20 M. leucophasis (Blyth,1860)

Sittangmystus Nga-nauk-thwar Bagridae

21 M. pulcher (Chaudhuri,1911)

Pulchermystus Nga-zin-yine-kyet-chee

Bagridae

22 Rita sacerdotum J.Anderson,1879

Bagrid catfish Nga-htway Bagridae

23 Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch,1797)

Indian butter catfish

Nga-nu-than Siluridae

24 Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider,1801)

Boal Nga-butt Siluridae

25 Clupisoma garua (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

guarchcha Nga-myin-oak-phar

Schibeidae

26 C. prateri (Hora,1936) Burmese garua Nga-kyi-dauk Schibeidae

27 Eutropiichthys vacha (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Batchwa vacha Nga-kun-man Schibeidae

139

Sr. No.


28 Pseudeutropius atherinoides (Bloch,1794)

India potasi Nga-than-geik Schibeidae

29 Silonia silondia (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Silondia vacha Nga-myin Schibeidae

30 Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton,1822)

Pangas catfish Nga-dan Pangasiidae

31 Bagarius yarrellii (Sykes,1839)

Devil catfish Nga-maung-ma Sisoridae

32 Gagata dolichonema ( Hamilton,1822 )

Yellow catfish Nga-bay-kyar Sisoridae

33 G. gagata (Hemilton,1822)

Gangetic-gagata Nga-suu-kote Sisoridae

34 Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus,1758 )

Walking catfish Nga-khuu Clariidae

35 Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch,1794)

Asian stinging catfish

Nga-gyee Heteropneustidae

36 Arius acutirostris (Day,1877)

Catfish Nga-yok Ariidae

37 Xenentodon cancila (F.hamilton,1822)

Freshwater garfish

Nga-phaung-yoe

Belonidae

38 Parambassis ranga (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

elongate glass perchlet

Nga-zin-zat Ambassidae

39 Johnius coitor (Hemilton,1822)

Big-eyedjewfish Nga-pote-thin Sciaenidae

40 Oreochromis mossambica (Peters, 1852)

Mozambique cichlid

Tilapia Cichlidae

41 Rhinomugil corsula TN Gill,1863

False four-eyefish

Nga-zin-lone Mugilidae

42 Glossogobius giuris (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Tank goby Ka-tha-boe Gobiidae

43 Anabas testudineus (Bloch,1795)

Climbing perch Nga-byay-ma Anabantidae

44 Channa punctata (Bloch,1793)

Spotted snakehead

Nga-pa-naw Channidae

45 C. striatus (Bloch,1793) snakehead Nga-yant Channidae

46 Mastacembelus aral (Block&Schneider,1801)

Peacock eel Nga-mway-doe-byaut

Mastacembelidae

47 Macrognathus zebrinus (Blyth,1858)

Zebrinus spiny eel

Nga-mway-doe-kyan-sit

Mastacembelidae

140

Sr. No.


48 Mastacembelus armatus (lacepede,1800)

spiney eel Nga-mway-nagar

Mastacembelidae

49 Tetarodon cutcutia (Hamilton and Buchaan,18220)

Ocellated pufferfish

Nga-si-bu Tetraodontidae

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

Table E-11 Fish species recorded for Sittaung River

Sr. No.

Scientific Name Common Name

Local Name Families

1 N.notopterus (Pallas,1796)

Grey featherback

Nga-phe Notopteridae

2 Tenulosa ilisha (Hamilton,1822)

Hilsa Nga-tha-lauk Clupeidae

3 Gudusia variegata (Day,1869)

Burmese river shad

Nga-li-pi Clupeidae

4 Cirrhinus mrigala (Himilton and Buchanan,1822)

Mrigal Nga-gyin Cyprinidae

5 Labeo boga (Himilton and Buchanan,1822)

Boga labeo Nga-loo Cyprinidae

6 L.calbasu (Himilton and Buchanan,1822)

Kalbasu,Black rohu

Nga-net-pya Cyprinidae

7 L.rohita (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Rohu Nga-myat-hsan-ni

Cyprinidae

8 Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes,1844)

Pengha Nga-phan-ma Cyprinidae

9 O.cotio (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Cotio Nga-lin-ban Cyprinidae

10 P.sophore (F.Himilton,1822)

Spotfin swamp barb

Nga-khon-ma Cyprinidae

11 Salmostoma sardinella (Valenciennes,1842)

Sardinella minnow

Yin-baung-zar Cyprinidae

12 Amblypharyngodon mola Hamilton,1822

Mola carplet Nga-bae-phyu Cyprinidae

13 Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes,1846)

Malabar loach Nga-tha-lae-doe

Cobitidae

14 Botia histrionica (Blyth,1861)

Burmese loach Shwe-sar-yae Cobitidae

15 Sperata acicularis Ferraris & Runge, 1999

Bagrid catfish Nga-jaung Bagridae

16 Mystus bleekeri (Day,1877)

Day's mystus Nga-zin-yaing-kywe

Bagridae

141

Sr. No.


Local Name Families

17 M .cavasius (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Gangetic mystus

Nga-zin-yine-phyu

Bagridae

18 M. leucophasis (Blyth,1860)

Sittangmystus Nga-nauk-thwar

Bagridae

19 M. pulcher (Chaudhuri,1911)

Pulchermystus Nga-zin-yine-kyet-chee

Bagridae

20 Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch,1797)

Indian butter catfish

Nga-nu-than Siluridae

21 Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider,1801)

Boal Nga-butt Siluridae

22 Eutropiichthys vacha (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Batchwa vacha

Nga-kun-man Schibeidae

23 Pseudeutropius atherinoides (Bloch,1794)

India potasi Nga-than-geik Schibeidae

24 Gagata dolichonema ( Hamilton,1822 )

Yellow catfish Nga-bay-kyar Sisoridae

25 G. gagata (Hemilton,1822)

Gangetic-gagata

Nga-suu-kote Sisoridae

26 Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus,1758 )

Walking catfish Nga-khuu Clariidae

27 Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch,1794)

Asian stinging catfish

Nga-gyee Heteropneustidae

28 Arius acutirostris (Day,1877)

Catfish Nga-yok Ariidae

29 Xenentodon cancila (F.hamilton,1822)

Freshwater garfish

Nga-phaung-yoe

Belonidae

30 Parambassis ranga (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

elongate glass perchlet

Nga-zin-zat Ambassidae

31 Johnius coitor (Hemilton,1822)

Big-eyedjewfish

Nga-pote-thin Sciaenidae

32 Oreochromis mossambica (Peters, 1852)

Mozambique cichlid

Tilapia Cichlidae

33 Rhinomugil corsula TN Gill,1863

False four-eyefish

Nga-zin-lone Mugilidae

34 Glossogobius giuris (Himilton and buchanan,1822)

Tank goby Ka-tha-boe Gobiidae

35 Anabas testudineus (Bloch,1795)

Climbing perch Nga-byay-ma Anabantidae

142

Sr. No.


Local Name Families

36 C. striatus (Bloch,1793) snakehead Nga-yant Channidae

37 Macrognathus zebrinus (Blyth,1858)

Zebrinus spiny eel

Nga-mway-doe-kyan-sit

Mastacembelidae

38 Mastacembelus armatus (lacepede,1800)

spiney eel Nga-mway-nagar

Mastacembelidae

39 Tetarodon cutcutia (Hamilton and Buchaan,18220)

Ocellated pufferfish

Nga-si-bu Tetraodontidae

Source: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

Glosogobius giuris

Osteobrama cunma

Mystus cavasius

Macrognathus aral

Ompok bimaculatus

Notopterus Notopterus

Wallago attu

Xenentodon cancila

143

Heteropneustes fossilis

Mastacembelus armatus

Source for all above fish photos: Environmental Myanmar Cooperative, 2018

E.1.16. Overview of Biodiversity Findings The areas between Bago and Sittaung Rivers were flat and some parts were flooded during the survey period. The area was covered with croplands particularly with rice field. The proposed road passed some areas of rubber and oil plam plantation and cashew nut orchard at the Kyaikto segment. Aquatic habitats were observed in Bago and Sittaung Rivers and related water bodies. Large area of the proposed road was situated in cropland habitat and the proposed road passed small patches of plantation and orchard habitats.

E.1.16.1. Plants A total of 129 plant species were recorded along the proposed road. Most of the plant species were common to the region and a small number of tree species were observed at Kyaikto segment. Almost all of the area between Bago and Sittaung river was covered with rice field, and the area included grass, herb and small plant species. The grass species were Andrapogan brevifolius (L.), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Cyperus rotundus (L.), Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Echinochola colona (L.) Link., Eleusine indica (L.), Eragrostella bifaria Wt., and Virgaatus sp. Stapf. The common herb specied noted along the proposed road were Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet., Alocasia sp., Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H Robinson, Cleome burmanii Wight & Arn, Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk., Euphorbia hypericfolia (L.), Heliotropium indicum (L.), Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) Poit., Indigofera atropurpurea Bucb-Ham., Physalis minima (L.), Physalis minima (L.), Tridax procumbens (L.), and Triumfetta bartramia (L.). The common shrub specie include Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, and Ricinus communis (L.). The tree species recorded were only a small number; most of the plant species were grass, herb and shrub species which were found as large cover of the vegetation areas. The plant species recorded in plantation areas were Hevea braziliensis and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. The orchard plant species recorded was Anacardium occidentale L. Two plantation tree species of Hevea braziliensis and Elaeis guineensis Jacq, and one orchard tree species of Anacardium occidentale (L.) were noted at Kyaikto segment.

E.1.16.2. Birds A total of 47 bird species were recorded along the proposed road. Most of the bird species recorded were common to the region and threatened species were not found during the survey period. One endemic species, turdoides gularis, was observed at some segments of the proposed new road. Two near-threatened species of Anhinga melanogaster (Oo pan) and Ploceus hypoxanthus (Sar war) were observed at some segments of the proposed road.

E.1.16.3. Mammals A total of five mammal species were recorded during the survey period. The species Mus cervicolor, Bandicota indica, Bandicota bengalensis, Rhizomy spruinosus were noted to occur at the crop land area and the species Callosciurus phayrei was observed at the orchard and plantation areas. Threatened mammal species was not observed in the proposed project area.

144

E.1.16.4. Amphibian A total of five amphibian species, Rana limnocharis, Occidozyga lima, Bufo melanostictus, Kaloula pulchra. and Rhacophorus sp., were recorded during the survey period. No threatened species was noted in the area.

E.1.16.5. Reptiles A total of nine reptile species were noted during the survey period. Among the recorded reptile species, the species Morenia occellata is a threatened turtle species of Myanmar. This species occurs at the aquatic areas of the Bago-Sittaung river basin. The common species listed during the survey period were Calotes versicolor, Gekko gecko and Lygosoma bowringii.

E.1.16.6. Fish The fishes were recorded by observation, interview surveys and market surveys. The data were also obtained from secondary data available from the universities. A total of 49 fish species were noted for Bago River and 39 fish species for Sittaung River. The fish species recorded in some flood plains connected to the Bago river and Sittaung river were same species of the rivers. No threatened fish species was recorded in the present study. Among the recorded fish species, some commercial species like Notopterus chitala, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Sperata acicularis, Wallago attu, Silonia silondia, Pangasius pangasius are noted.

145

F. Appendix F - Climate Change Assessment

I. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION

Project Title: Myanmar: Greater Mekong Subregion East- West Economic Corridor Highway Development Project TA-9314 MYA: Bago-Kyaikto link

Project Budget: $500 million

Project Location(s): Bago region and Mon state in south of Myanmar Sector: Transport

Subsector: Road Transport (non-urban)

Strategic Agenda: Inclusive economic growth (IEG)

Subcomponents: Pillar 2: Access to economic opportunities.

Brief Description of the Project: The Government of Myanmar (GoM) has an overall strategy for improving transport infrastructure as a means of generating economic growth. An important part of this has been a commitment to the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) planning concept in which connectivity between regional countries is to be greatly improved. A major opportunity has been identified within the East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) located in the south of Myanmar. This aligns well with both the ‘National Transport Sector Development Master Plan (2015)’ and the ‘Master Plan for Arterial Road Network Development’ produced by the Ministry of Construction (2016).

A JICA study of the corridors between Bago and Kyaikto in 2016 confirmed the viability of the major investment needed in broad terms. This project is a more focused ‘feasibility’ study of the Bago-Kyaikto route. This is closely coordinated with the team appointed by JICA, who are studying the requirements for a major new bridge over the Sittaung River needed as part of the Bago-Kyaikto link.

This project involves construction of a new arterial highway shorter by 32km than the current alignment which will halve travel time. The new arterial highway will be about 73 km long, and includes a 2.3 km bridge over the Sittaung river financed by JICA. The Right of Way (ROW) and corridor of impact (COI) lies within Bago Region and part of Mon State. There is a 3 km wide corridor of impact within which a 100m wide right of way boundary will be established.

The road will follow the alignment given in the previous JICA Prefeasibility Study. The road will begin nine kilometres south of Bago on the Yangon to Mandalay Road (National Highway-1) in the Village of Gwayt Tan Shey. There will be an interchange there that will allow traffic to enter the Bago to Kyaikto Road on a flyover structure or to continue on National Highway-1. The Yangon to Bago Railway tracks must be crossed then the Bago River. Both will require bridges.

The area within Bago Region is flat with rice fields and fish ponds. At the Bago to Thalyin Road crossing it is proposed to have an interchange. This will allow access to the highway from Bago City and Thanatpin and serve traffic from further south and the Yangon Region. The area is flat throughout the remainder of Thanatpin Township and into Waw Township.

The section of the alignment in Waw Township goes between many village centres crossing through the following Village Tracts, Nyaung Thone Gwa, Moe Net, Nyaung Kaing, Ka Dut, Bo Ka Taw, Kyon Ye, Zee Hpyu Kone and finally Win Ka Dat where it meets the JICA funded new Sittaung Bridge.

The JICA part of the alignment is about 3km long and crosses the Sittaung River into Mon State. This is part of Thaton District and Kyaikto Township. The alignment passes through the villages of Sut Pa Nu, Kha Lun, Kyaik Ka Thar, Ma Lawt Chaung, Moke Kha Mu, Bo Yar

146

Gyi, Hle Lan Ku, Kwin Ka Lay, Hpet Ka Leik and finally ending in Kyun Taw which is just south east of Kyaikto on the Yangon to Mawlamyine (National Highway-8).

II. CLIMATE CHANGE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS

A. Climate Variability (Historic Trends) in Myanmar a. Regional Differences

Myanmar experiences a tropical-monsoon climate with three dominant seasons: the March to May hot season, the June to October wet season and the November to February cool season.

Myanmar consists of eight major physiographic regions: The Ayeyarwaddy Delta, Central Dry Zone, Northern Hilly Region, Rakhine Coastal Region, Eastern Hilly Region, Southern Coastal Region, Yangon Deltaic Region, and Southern Interior Region.

There are pronounced regional differences in climate. The Central Dry Zone is a large inland swath of the country that is prone to extreme heat events and drought. The rainy coasts, such as the Rakhine, Southern Coastal and Yangon Deltaic areas, are slightly cooler in annual average temperature but are prone to flooding. Further inland are the cooler Northern and Eastern Hilly regions, which experience heat waves, droughts and floods which can lead to landslides.

b. Temperature

The Yangon Deltaic Region has the highest mean temperature. Because of its higher elevation, the Northern Hilly Region has the lowest mean and maximum annual temperature. This pattern remains consistent for seasonal temperature, such that the Yangon Deltaic has the highest mean and maximum annual temperatures for the hot, cool and wet seasons. The pattern for the Northern Hilly Region is similar, with the lowest mean and maximum annual temperature for the hot and cool seasons, with only one exception that the wet season has the same mean annual temperature as the Eastern Hilly Region.1

c. Rainfall

Myanmar receives most of its rainfall during the wet monsoon season. The hot and cool seasons bring little rainfall, with the cool season especially yielding very little rainfall for all regions. In the hot and cool seasons, the Southern Coastal Region receives the most rainfall, with the second-highest rainfall observed in the Northern Hilly Region (hot season) and Ayeyarwaddy Delta (cool season). The highest annual precipitation is observed in the Rakhine Coastal Region, followed by the Ayeyarwaddy Delta, with the same pattern being observed in the wet season.

The lowest annual precipitation is observed in the Eastern Hilly Region, followed by the Northern Hilly Region. These regions also receive the lowest wet-season precipitation, with the Eastern Hilly Region receiving the lowest, followed by the Northern Hilly Region. The same pattern is observed during the wet season. In the hot season, the lowest precipitation is observed in the Eastern Hilly Region, followed by the Southern Interior Region. In the cool season, the Southern Interior Region receives the least rainfall, followed by the Yangon Deltaic Region.

National average daily temperatures based on 19 weather stations across Myanmar increased by about 0.25°C per decade during the period 1981-2010, and daily maximum temperatures

1 Assessing Climate Risk in Myanmar, 2017, Authors Radley Horton, Manishka De Mel, Danielle Peters, Corey Lesk, Ryan Bartlett, Hanna

Helsingen, Daniel Bader, Pasquale Capizzi, Shaun Martin and Cynthia Rosenzweig, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley

Charitable Trust. Myanmar Climate Change Alliance

147

have risen at a slightly faster rate of 0.4°C per decade over the same period. These rates are similar to global averages for the same time period. 2

The coastal regions experience much greater amounts of annual rainfall than inland areas. Coastal areas have experienced an increase of 157mm (4.5%) per decade in annual total rainfall, driven by gains in rainfall during the November-to-May dry season (85mm per decade or 17% per decade) compared to gains during June-to-October monsoon months (72mm per decade or 2.5% per decade).

Compared to coastal areas, increases in inland annual precipitation have been more moderate at 37mm (2.5%) per decade. Globally, increased monsoonal rains are attributed largely to the increase in atmospheric moisture content. Since 1981-2010 annual precipitation totals have increased, implying that rainfall events have become more intense. 3

d. Extreme Events

Two extreme events in Myanmar are tropical cyclones and monsoons. A tropical cyclone is a strong, cyclonic-scale disturbance that originates over tropical oceans, which is distinguished from weaker systems by exceeding a threshold wind speed of 32 ms-1 or higher.4 Conditions that induce cyclone formation include high sea surface temperatures above 28°C, a thermodynamically unstable atmosphere, and low vertical wind shear 5.

Monsoons are a seasonal phenomenon that generally produce the majority of wet season rainfall within the tropics. A monsoon is defined as a tropical and subtropical seasonal reversal in both the surface winds and associated precipitation, caused by differential heating between a continental-scale land mass and the adjacent ocean.6

e. Tropical Cyclones

Tropical cyclones arrive in Myanmar via the Bay of Bengal. An average of 10 tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal each year and historical records show that 6% have landfall in Myanmar 7. There are two peaks in tropical cyclone activity in the region each year. The first occurs just prior to the onset of the monsoon season from April to May, and the second occurs in the post-monsoon season from October to November 8.

A devastating extreme event in Myanmar was Cyclone Nargis which hit Myanmar’s Delta Region on 2 May 2008, and ranks among the deadliest cyclones ever to make landfall.

Cyclone Nargis was unprecedented in Myanmar. Cyclones in the region typically track to the northwest and hit Bangladesh, usually avoiding the southern coast of Myanmar. This one changed track abruptly to the northeast and made landfall across the Ayeyarwaddy River Delta where no known cyclones have impacted previously.9 The storm surge is estimated to have been 3-4 meters high and reached 50 kilometres upstream from the mouth of the Yangon

2 IPCC 2014

3 Christensen et al., 2014

4 IPCC, 2012

5 Tasnim, K. M., T. Shibayama, M. Esteban, H. Takagi, K. Ohira, and R. Nakamura (2015), Field observation and numerical simulation of past

and future storm surges in the Bay of Bengal: case study of cyclone Nargis, Natural Hazards, 75(2), 1619-1647.

6 IPCC, 2014

7 Union of Myanmar, Hazard profile of Myanmar, 2009

8 Fosu, B. O., and Wang, S. Y. S. (2015). Bay of Bengal: coupling of pre-monsoon tropical cyclones with the monsoon onset in Myanmar.

Climate Dynamics, 45(3-4), 697-709.

9 Shibayama, T., Takagi, H. and Hnu, N. (2010). Disaster survey after the cyclone nargis in 2008. In: Proceedings of the 5th International

Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts, APAC 2009. Vol. 2, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd, pp. 190- 193, 5th International Conference

on Asian and Pacific Coasts, APAC 2009, Singapore, 13-16 October 2009

148

River. It was a Category 4 storm with sustained wind speeds of 217km/hour and killed over 140,000 people. 10

f. Monsoons

Myanmar is influenced by both the South Asian and East Asian monsoons from which it receives most of its annual rainfall. The summer monsoon accounts for between 75-90% of Myanmar’s total annual rainfall. The monsoon reaches southern Myanmar around the third week of May and withdraws at the beginning of October and is generally considered to be June to September. In an average year, 1790mm of rainfall occurs nationwide. August is the wettest month, followed by July.

B. Climate Change Projections in the Project Area a. NAPA

Myanmar’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change, 2012 includes the following climate change projections for Myanmar:

(i) “an increase in the temperature across the whole country, particularly from December to May with the Central and Northern regions experiencing the greatest increases; (ii) “an increase in clear sky days exacerbating drought periods; (iii) “an increase in rainfall variability during the rainy season including an increase across the whole country from March to November (particularly in Northern Myanmar), and decrease between December and February; (iv) “an increase in the risk of flooding resulting from a late onset and early withdrawal of monsoon events; (v) “an increase in the occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events, including cyclones/strong winds, flood/storm surge, intense rains, extreme high temperatures and drought.”

For the climate change scenarios, the period of interest is mid-21st century (2041-2060). Uncertainty associated with future climate change projections is accounted for by considering outputs from different climate models and emissions scenarios, referred to as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). 11

Myanmar ranked second out of 183 countries most affected by extreme weather events between 1995 and 2014 in the Global Climate Risk Index.12 This ranking was mainly due to the damage and loss of life caused by Cyclone Nargis in 2008.

Climate projections are a range of possible outcomes, rather than a single number for a time period. Projections are presented as ranges which are estimates based on the outcomes of the 21 global climate models under two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. The low estimate is the 25th percentile of the 21 global climate models under the RCP 4.5 emissions scenario and the high estimate is the 75th percentile of the 21 global climate models under the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario.

b. Average Temperature Projections

The average annual temperature in Myanmar is expected to rise over the coming century as a result of climate change, though the magnitude of warming varies by region and season.

10 Lin, I. I., Chen, C. H., Pun, I. F., Liu, W. T., and Wu, C. C. (2009). Warm ocean anomaly, air sea fluxes, and the rapid intensification of tropical

cyclone Nargis (2008). Geophysical Research Letters, 36(3).

11 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5).

12 Kreft, S., Eckstein, D., Junghans, L., Kerestan, C., and Hagen, U. (2014). Global climate risk index 2015: who suffers most From extreme

weather events? weather-related loss events in 2013 and 1994 to 2013.In: G. K. Joanne Chapman-Rose, Daniela Baum (Ed.),

(pp. 32). Berlin, Germany

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During the 2011-2040 period, national annual average temperatures are projected to rise by 0.7-1.1°C compared with the 1980-2005 base period, while warming trends may accelerate beyond 2040, raising average temperatures by 1.3-2.7°C. These changes are mean temperatures so that some areas will experience more warming than the average.

While the cool (November-February) and hot seasons (March-May) are most likely to warm at a similar rate to the annual average, wet season temperature changes are projected to be smaller. By 2041-2070, wet season (June to October) mean temperatures are projected to increase by 1.1oC to 2-4°C, which is 0.3-0.5°C less than the projected warming during the remainder of the year.

c. Average Precipitation Projections

Precipitation patterns across Myanmar are projected to change over the coming century. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report emphasizes the high uncertainty and spatial variation in projected precipitation shifts. Uncertainty in precipitation change is higher than temperature.

Current wet season months (June to October) are projected to have more rainfall. Cool season (November to February) and hot season (March to May) precipitation may increase or decrease. The modelling is uncertain.

d. Average Sea Level Rise Projections

Sea level rise projections have been developed for the Myanmar coastline. Local land subsidence is negligible along much of the coast.

Median sea level rise estimates for 2020-2029 time period are 50mm to 130mm above the baseline level. By the 2050-2059 time period, sea level may rise 200mm to 410mm above the baseline. In the 2080-2089 time period, the middle range of projections estimate sea level to be between 370mm to 830mm above the baseline. Global estimates for this time period are 500mm or 0.5m.

Myanmar is highly vulnerable to coastal flooding. Increased sea level would carry flooding further inland in the future. It has been estimated by MONREC that a 0.5-meter rise in sea levels could lead to a retreat of the coastline by approximately 10 kilometres in Myanmar's lowest lying areas13.

e. Tropical Cyclones

Since 1990, the total number of tropical cyclones reaching Myanmar has increased. There are more cyclone events occurring just before the monsoon season, while after the monsoon season the number has decreased.14 Since 1980, cyclones generated in the Bay of Bengal have been more likely to develop into hurricane-force storms, meaning that they reach 119km/hour or greater sustained wind speeds.15

f. Monsoons

The monsoon season length is shortening due to its late onset and early withdrawal. The annual rainfall, monsoon rainfall and monsoon strength have decreased, while the number of drought years have also declined. Extreme rainfall in Myanmar has also declined.16 Northern and central Myanmar have experienced the earliest withdrawal of the monsoon, followed by the Delta region and southern Myanmar. Annual precipitation has increased implying that rainfall events have become more intense.

13 Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry and Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, 2012

14 Wang, S. Y., Buckley, B. M., Yoon, J. H., and Fosu, B. (2013). Intensification of premonsoon tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and its

impacts on Myanmar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(10), 4373-4384.

15 Wang, S. Y., Buckley, B. M., Yoon, J. H., and Fosu, B. (2013). Intensification of premonsoon tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and its

impacts on Myanmar. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(10), 4373-4384.

16 Hijioka, Y., Lin, E., Pereira, J.J., Corlett, R.T., Cui, X., Insarov, G.E., Lasco, R.D., Lindgren, E., and Surjan, A. 2014. Asia. In: Climate Change

2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of

the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Barros, V.R., C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D.

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Globally, future monsoon onset dates are likely to be either early or remain unchanged, while monsoon retreat dates are likely to be delayed, resulting in the lengthening of the monsoon. However, the opposite is being observed to date in Myanmar, where the monsoon season is shortening due to the late onset and early withdrawal.17

Climate models project a 5-15 percent increase in global monsoon rainfall. Projections show that precipitation gains are most likely to occur during the monsoon season but it is uncertain whether rainfall will change during the cool and hot seasons.

III. CLIMATE RISK, VULNERABILITY AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT (project area)

A. CRVA methodology - Downscaled Climate Projections Yangon Delta

Temperature and precipitation projections are based on the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP) dataset released in 2015 (NASA, 2015). It comprises downscaled climate scenarios derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) for two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5.

These simulations were developed in IPCC AR5. The spatial resolution of the dataset is 0.25 degrees or approximately 25 km x 25 km. For Myanmar the two time windows represent 30-year averages of 2011-2040 and 2041-2070. All change factors are relative to the averaged 1980-2005 base period. The low estimate is the 25th percentile under RCP4.5 and the high estimate is the 75th percentile for RCP8.5.

Mean temperature °C projected change compared to baseline 1980-2005 average

Yangon Delta

Region

°C change on 1980-2005

average

Annual Hot Season March to

May

Wet Season June to

October

Cool Season November

to February

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

2011-2040 0.6°C 1.0°C 0.7°C 1.1°C 0.6°C 1.0°C 0.6°C 1.1°C

2041-2070 1.2°C 2.4°C 1.2°C 2.7°C 1.1°C 2.2°C 1.2°C 2.7°C

Source data: NASA NEX-GDDP (2015)

Mean precipitation projected (%) change compared with baseline 1980-2005 average

Yangon Delta

Region

% Change on 1980-2005

average

Annual Hot Season

February to May

Wet Season

June to October

Cool Season

November to January

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

Low

Estimate

High

Estimate

2011-2040 0% 12% -12% 19% 1% 11% -29% 14%

2041-2070 5% 24% -4% 17% 5% 26% -5% 15%

Note: Low estimate is 25th percentile of model outcomes for RCP4.5

High estimate is 75th percentile of model outcomes for RCP 8.5

Source data: NASA NEX-GDDP (2015)

Based on the analysis given an increase of 15% should be applied to all extreme rainfall figures used in the hydrologic assessment.

17 Christensen, J. H., Kanikicharla, K. K., Marshall, G., and Turner, J. Climate phenomena and their relevance for future regional climate

change, 2013.

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Sea Level Rise

Myanmar’s 1,930 kms coastline will experience rising seas and increasingly frequent and extreme hazards, with the low-lying Delta region likely to be most affected. Sea level rise alone will cause larger areas to be inundated during storm surges and coastal floods, even if the intensity of cyclones and coastal storms remain the same.

The projections for Myanmar indicate a rise of 20-41cm by the 2050s and 37-83cm by the 2080s, with the highest projected sea level rise for this period almost 1.2 meters.

B. Climate Risk Classification as per detailed assessment – Medium

Medium flood risk. The CRVA concludes that an increase of 15% should be applied to all extreme rainfall figures used in the hydrologic assessment. This modification to the hydrology study has been included in the hydraulic analysis and drains increased in size accordingly.

Sea level Rise. Over the next 50 years the sea level rise in the vicinity of the JICA bridge is projected to be possibly 40cms. Increased Sea level rise may cause inland flooding due to the back pressure effect on riverine discharges. Embankments have been increased by 40 cms in vertical elevation to raise them above the anticipated future flood height.

Low landslide risk. As there are no unstable slopes in the project area there is low to nil chance of landslips induced by heavy precipitation. There are some slopes in Kyaikto but the material is laterite which tends to calcify and so the risk of landslips is low.

Low wildfire risk. As there are no extensive areas of natural woodland along most of the alignment there is low to nil chance for wildfire hazard. There are managed plantations in Kyaikto area which may be at risk during the dry season but management apply fire risk reduction measures.

IV. CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT RESPONSE (ADAPTATION MEASURES) WITHIN THE PROJECT

A. Contribution of the project to National Climate Resilience Plans

The project’s intended mitigation measures are in line with the Myanmar National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change, 2012.

B. Contribution of the project to enhanced climate resilience

The project roads will be resilient to climate change by virtue of enhanced drainage capacity and elevated embankment heights.

V. Adaptation Finance

The quantities that must be increased are shown in the table below. The total incremental costs to make the road climate resilient are $10,724,900 or 2.6% of the total construction costs of the project.

Quantities of Items for Climate Resilience

# Items Measure Taken Increase in

Cost %

1 Preliminaries Will increase by per-cent $211,640 0.82%

02.7.1 Embankment Increase road height by 0.40 m

$2,377,969 7.16%

05.1.3 Box Culverts 1.5m x 1.5m Increase size and number $183,901 15.00%

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05.1.6 Box Culverts 6.0m x 4.5m Increase size and number $1,109,695 15.00%

05.2.2 River Bridge Increase clearance $3,123,782 12.00%

06.1.1 Pipe Culverts 0.9m complete with HW

Increase size and number $98,786 15.00%

06.1.2 Pipe Culverts 1.2m complete with HW

Increase size and number $185,207 15.00%

06.2.4 Grouted Riprap, Class A Increase amount $90,551 15.00%

06.2.12

Grouted Riprap Ditch Lining Increase amount $246,959 15.00%

06.2.16

River Training & Protection, Gabions

Increase amount $62,442 15.00%

08.1.2 Interchange 'Embankment Increase road height by 0.40 m

$375,535 7.20%

Reduction in contingencies and Taxes

$1,780,028 1.57%

Total Increase in Cost due to Climate Change Measures $10,724,893 2.55%

Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultant, 2019

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G. APPENDIX G QUARRY INVESTIGATIONS

G.1.1. Results of Quarry Investigations

G.1.1.1. U Kyaw Thein Quarry Quarry Name : U Kyaw Thein

Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 24' 24.1" E 97° 02' 32.4"

Photo – 1 : View of U Kyaw Thein Quarry

Photo – 2 : Quarry Licence

Source: Table and images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

Category Validity Issued by Past Current remaining

Small Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District

1800 1800 10 Acre No No Colleted Grainte

Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type

Existing License Productivity/Year/Subdrum

Sampling

154

G.1.1.2. U Kyaw Nyein Quarry

Quarry Name : U Kyaw Nyein

Location : Win Ka Law Village, Kyaikto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 24' 08.8" E 97° 02' 41.3"

…

Photo – 3: View of U Kyaw Nyein Quarry

Photo – 4: Quarry Licence


Medium Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District

3600 3600 7.5 Acre No No Colleted Grainte

Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type


Sampling

155


G.1.1.3. U Htein Lin Quarry

Quarry Name : U Htein Lin

Location : Nga Pyaw Taw Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 23' 33.0" E 97° 07' 11.3"

Photo – 5 : View of U Htein Lin Quarry




Large Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District


Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type


Sampling

156

G.1.1.4. U Min Zaw Quarry Quarry Name : U Min Zaw

Location : Saung Naing Gyi Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 26' 19.0" E 97° 02' 11.6"

…

Photo – 7 : View of U Min Zaw Quarry




Large Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District


Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type


Sampling

157

G.1.1.5. U Kyaik Hti Nit @ U Aung Aung Quarry

Quarry Name : U Kyaik Hti Nit @ U Aung Aung

Location : Thein Zayat Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 32' 01.0" E 97° 54' 24.4"

Photo – 9 : View of U Kyaik Hti Nit @ U Aung Aung Quarry




Large Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District


Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type


Sampling

158

G.1.1.6. U Than Chaung @ U Aung Lwin Oo Quarry

Quarry Name : U Than Chaung @ U Aung Lwin Oo

Location : Upper Kan Ni Village, Kyaikto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 28' 38.0" E 96° 55' 29.1"

…

Photo – 11: View of U Than Chaung @ U Aung Lwin Oo Quarry




Large Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District


Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type


Sampling

159

G.1.1.7. Royal Yoma Co., Ltd. Quarry

Quarry Name : Royal Yoma Co., Ltd

Location : Upper Kan Ni Village, Kyaikto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 28' 09.5" E 96° 55' 42.3"

Photo – 13 : View of Royal Yoma Co., Ltd. Quarry




Large Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District


Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type


Sampling

160

G.1.1.8. Cherry Lwin Co., Ltd. Quarry

Quarry Name : Cherry Lwin Co., Ltd.

Location : Upper Kan Ni Village, Kyaikhto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 28' 34.9" E 96° 54' 41.3"

Photo – 15 : View of Cherry Lwin Co., Ltd. Quarry




Large Valid

GAD

ThaHton

District


Environm

ental

impact

Constraints

for

extraction

Rock Type


Sampling

161

G.1.2. Sand Deposit

Sand for construction is available in the project area. The locations of sand deposits are indicated as in Figure G-1.

Figure G-1 Google earth view of Sand Deposit Locations

Source: Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction & Google Earth

Owner : Four Three


Coordinates : N 17° 23' 38.2" E 97° 02' 39.8"

Photo – 17: View of Sand deposit

Source: images by Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

162

Owner : U Than Shwe


Coordinates : N 17° 23' 33.9" E 97° 02' 37.9"



Owner : U Win Bo


Coordinates : N 17° 23' 34.5" E 97° 02' 37.5"



Owner : U Si Taunt


Coordinates : N 17° 23' 35.6" E 97° 02' 36.4"

Photo – 20 : View of Sand deposit


163

G.1.3. Borrow Areas for Soils

To evaluate potential, borrow soil areas includes not only the location, extent, and condition of the soil layers but also the elevation of the ground water table and bedrock. The location of borrow soil area is presented in Figure-R-2.

Figure G-2 Google earth view of Borrow Soil Location

Source: Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction & Google Earth

Location : Kyaikto Township, Mon State

Coordinates : N 17° 19' 50.4" E 97° 01' 52.6"

Photo – 21 : View of Borrow soil location

Source: Geo-Friends Engineering and Construction

G.1.4. Findings of Quarry Survey

In all visits no adverse environmental effects were detected at the quarry sites. All quarries had commercial licences.

164

Figure G-3 Quarry survey Team


All quarries had applied to ECD District Office for environmental licences but these had not been issued yet. ECD confirmed that these were still under processing.

165

H. Appendix H STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 1

Stakeholder Consultation Minutes, Attendance Sheets and Presentation Materials

TA-9314 MYA: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor

Highway Development Project

H.1. 24 Jan. 2018: 2:30 PM – Department of Highway (DOH) Bago Township Office

Meeting for Preparation for Consultation 2:30 PM – 3:30 PM

Participants

(i) U Min Lwin Htun, Bago District DOH EE

(ii) U Hla Tun, AE, DOH, Bago Township

(iii) Daw Phyu Phyu Aung , AE, DOH, Thanatpin Township

(iv) Daw Mar Mar Thein, AE, DOH, Waw Township (v) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader)

(vi) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader)

(vii) U Aung Hlaing Latt, Local consultant (Social/Resettlement Specialist)

(viii) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist)

(ix) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH

Discussion for the preparation of the Public Consultation meeting, such as meeting venues, date and time, invitation to the related Township government officials, related Village Tract Administrators, snacks for coffee breaks, and etc.

H.2. 25 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Bago Time: 9:00 AM – 11:00 AM (Morning Session)

Venue: Department of Highway Office

Participants: 22 (Total)

(a) Participants of the consultancy Team

(i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader) (ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader)

(iii) U Aung Hlaing Latt, Local consultant (Social/Resettlement Specialist)

(iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist)

(v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH

(b) Participants from Township Governmental organizations

(i) U Aung Than Zaw, Township Officer, General Administration Department (GAD)

(ii) Daw Kyin Thein, Assistant Director, Department of Planning

(iii) U Win Maung Maung, Bago City Development Committee (iv) Daw Soe Soe Oo, Deputy Township Officer, Department of Agriculture

(v) Daw Cho Cho, Township Officer, Department of Fishery

(vi) U Maung Maung Naing Min, Assistant Director, Department of Rural Development

(vii) U Zaw Min Tun, Assistant Engineer, Department of Highway, Bago Township

(c) Village Tract Administrators from the following villages

(i) U Tun Aye, Farmer, Upper (West) Sedee Village Tract (ii) U Chan Min Lat, Upper (East) Sedee Village Tract (iii) U Min Oo, Atwin Chan Village Tract, (iv) U Kyaw Win, Motkala Village Tract, (v) Aung Thu Oo, Kamanat Village Tract,

166

(vi) U Win Naing, Ohbo Village Tract, (vii) U Myint Oo, Sai Tee Village Tract, (viii) U Kyi Swe, Nyaung In Village Tract (ix) U Saw Min Tun, Sai Tee, (x) U Soe Kyi, Nyaung Inn,

Agenda

The general agenda of the public consultation has two portions – (1) Introduction of the project by explanation of the consultant teams, and (2) discussion session (question and answer) of the participants. For the explanation, the handouts were distributed to all the participants for the dissemination of the information of the project. In addition to the hand-out, Dr. Khin Lay Swe also used a projector for her power point presentation (Power point presentation and hand-out in Myanmar Language and in English were described in separate files).

Introduction of the project by the consultant team

(1) Mr. Tim Collett. Mr Tim introduced the project which will be implemented soon. He explained that this project will improve the transport and trade in these particular regions and

then in the whole country. He also thanked to the government officials and participants from

the villages and urged them to support the project to go smoothly.

(2) U Maung Maung: He explained the project emphasizing on “Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor, Yangon – Bago – Kyaikto Highway Development Project” which will soon be implemented. The new highway road will be (70 - 76 km) long with four lanes. The travel time will be reduced about 2 hours than the existing road. Some village access roads will be upgraded or improved in the prioritization of importance. (3) U Aung Hlaing Latt: He explained the possible negative impacts of the project to the

households directly related with the project area. The new road will pass through some of the

farm lands, and when the alignment is chosen, care has been taken to reduce the impacts to

the community as low as possible. According to the existing national laws and rules in

Myanmar, the government will provide compensation to the affected persons, depending upon

the magnitude of negative impacts on their properties. The authority concerned will negotiate

with the affected persons until an agreement is achieved. All information will be delivered to the affected persons in a timely manner and discussions will be done thoroughly with local

communities. All parties (government/ Ministry of Construction and affected households)

should follow the World Bank and ADB’s Involuntary Resettlement and Resettlement Action

Plan.

(4) Dr. Khin Lay Swe: She briefly explained, with the use of power point presentation and

hand-out), the existing environmental conservation laws, environmental conservation rules,

and Environmental Impact Assessment procedure and etc., in Myanmar related with the

proposed project. For planning and implementing a project, all must comply with the existing laws, rules, regulations, guidelines in Myanmar and as well as Asian Development Bank (ADB)

social safeguards policy since the project will be funded with the loans from ADB.

There are two main facts needs to be considered – the project should reduce the negative impacts on the environment and social concerns to a low level as much as possible and the project should encourage and promote positive impacts. And she discussed on the anticipated positive and negative impacts of the proposed highway project. The positive impacts are development in transport sector and consequently in marketing in the GMS regions, such as Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar. The negative impacts will be loss of farm lands in the affected areas, pollution of air and noise, changes of water and stream courses, disturbance in access of local communities, and etc. She also emphasized on the “Environmental Management Plan’ for the project for the project’s implementation and operation stages, and mitigation measures to be conducted for the negative impacts of the project.

167

(5) U Zaw Min: He briefly explained, as a representative of DOH headquarter in Nay Pyi

Taw, the objectives of holding the public consultation. He said that the executing agency of

the project is the DOH of the Ministry of Construction (MOC). He emphasized that the

suggestion and comments given by all participants will be very valuable and supportive to

the project. Only with the public participation, the project can be successful.

Discussion Section

Question (1): U Min Lwin Tun, EE DOH, Bago Township

Because of the heavy machinery for carrying construction materials, the roads will be destroyed if the existing roads are used. The project will construct new roads for transport or use the existing ones? The farmers and local communities will find difficulties for access to their destination because of the disturbance of the new road, and they cannot cross the new road. What will be the solution for the local communities for their easy access?

Answer: U Maung Maung: The access for the local communities will be considered as a priority. There will be underpass or overpass wherever suitable place. For this moment, the project is at the beginning stage, and we will confirm the exact information as fast as we can.

Question (2): Saw Min Tun, Sai Htee Village Tract Administrator

The communities should know the alignment in advance of the meeting so that we can discuss and make preparation for the project. Now we don’t know whether our Village Tract will be passed through by the new Highway or not. Therefore, we have nothing to discuss for this moment. Our village has lack of roads and bridges strong enough for the heavy machinery for transport, which needs to be upgraded. Another issue is that we can manage /adjust the sowing time of rice and pulses when we know the start of the project. It will reduce the crop loss of the farmers.

Answer: U Min Lwin Tun, EE, DOH, Bago Township: The road alignment has not been decided yet. This is the very beginning stage and the mission is coming for the introduction of the project.

Answer: U Maung Maung: When the project starts, the cost of construction, the compensation and etc. will surely be done.

Question (3): U Kyi Swe, Oh Bo Village Tract administrator

Our existing rural access roads are not improved yet, only a cart-tract. My concern is the project will upgrade the rural roads or not.

Answer: U Maung Maung: Some local roads will be upgraded; and be renovated according to the list of priority.

Question (4): U Aung Thu Oo, Lower Sedee Village Tracts

These days, due to the advancement of social media, farmers are becoming familiar with several projects. There may be only a few persons who are not satisfied with the proposed project, and against the project. I don’t think it will not be a serious problem which will disturb the project.

Answer: U Maung Maung: I would like to ask you for a kind help when we come for survey and analysis for soil strength, and etc. Your cooperation and collaboration is requested.

Concluding Remarks by Mr. Tim Collett: We will do our project according to our work plan, and we will let all of you to understand the stages when we start our work. Thank you for your kind participation and we do hope the project will be successfully implemented without any delay.

H.3. 25 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Thanatpin

Time: 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM (Afternoon Session)

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Venue: General Administrative Department Office



(i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader) (ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader)


(iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist)

(v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH

1. (b) Participants from Township Governmental organizations U Than Naing,

Township officer, General Administrative Department (i) Daw Phyu Phyu Aung, Assistant Engineer, Department of Highway

(ii) Daw Ni Zar, Assistant Engineer, Department of Rural Roads

(iii) U Nay Win Aung, Township Officer, Department of Fishery

(iv) Daw Shwe Yee Oo, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Rural Development

(v) Daw Ester, Assisitant Township Officer, Department of Agriculture

(vi) U Tint Naing, Assistant Director, Department of Agricultural Land Management and

Statistics

(vii) U Tin Tin linn, Executive Committee member, City Development of Committee

(viii) Daw Zin Mar Oo. Admin Staff, Irrigation and Water Utilization Department

(ix) Daw Aye Aye Twin, Admin Staff, Irrigation and Water Utilization Department

(x) U Nay Myo Tun, AE, Irrigation and Water Utilization Department

(xi) Daw May Thazin Khaing, Assistant Engineer, DOH

2.

(c) Village Tract Administrators from the following villages

(i) U Kyaw Soe, Village Tract Administrator, Min Ywa Kyaung Sun Pe Village Tract

(ii) U Tun Myint, Pha Yae Village Tract

(iii) U Akar Aung Kant, Sun Pe Village

(iv) U Thein Tun, Sun Pe Village

Agenda

For the “Introduction of the project”, the same agendas as the previous public consultation were undertaken by the consultant team. For the explanation, the handouts were distributed to all the participants for the dissemination of the information of the project.

Discussion Session

Question (1): U Tin Tin Linn, Executive Committee member, City Development Committee, Thanatpin Township

According to the information that Dr. Khin Lay Swe explained our natural environment conditions and the proposed Highway Development Project, we are very much happy and proud of our region. There will be surely improvements in transport sector and marketable goods to flow into the local and international markets.

However, I would like to know the map of the proposed project, which areas or regions will be passed through by the new road. Moreover, what kind of the road will be, type of the road – concrete or asphalt or bitumen, etc. – the measurement / width of the road. I would like to know more information about the proposed Highway. We, the City Development Committee have had a town plan including roads and bypass. It is important to know the proposed Highway will be in line with our plan, complementary with each other or not.

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Answer: U Maung Maung: All information of the proposed Highway, such as measurement, alignment are not officially available yet. The Feasibility Study for the project was done by JICA and the data is available. The Highway will pass through Shan Kaing Village in Waw Township and Sun Pe Village in Thanatpin Township.


We have had the experiences of positive and negative impacts of Yangon – Mandalay Expressway construction in the year 2004. We are pleased to know that the project will make efforts to reduce the negative impacts to the lowest level, as much as possible, as explained by the consultant. My suggestion is to take a consideration not to lose the access ways of the farmers and communities, making the underpass or overpass for local communication, wherever necessary. For the project implementation, the various committees for Township administration and monitoring processes should be formed. By doing so, the project can get advice, suggestions and comments from the Township governmental organizations and other civil organizations for the betterment of the project.

Answer: U Maung Maung: We will note down the advice and discuss the issues with the project implementing committee.


For giving the compensation of the affected persons, it is better to say “the amount of money relevant to / comply with the laws and regulations, instead of suitable amount of money”. Moreover, there will be an issue of the homeless people who will squatter in the proposed road areas with the hope of compensation.

Answer: Than Naing, Township officer, GAD, Thanatpin Township: In Thanatpin Township, such kind of illegal occupation of the right of way is not a common in my township area. The Village Tract Administrators will take care of this issue and it can be protected and solved.

Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: I will take a note and I agree with your suggestion for the use of “terms/ wordings for the compensation”.

Answer: U Zaw Min: He explained that the road can pass through the agricultural fields of nearby villages. Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) will construct a new Sittaung bridge and it will take care of the related issues. The DOH staffs and consultants will do surveys for the confirmation of the alignment. And the information will be disclosed to the local affected communities and will solve the problems.

H.4. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Waw

Time: 9:00 AM – 11:00 AM (Morning Session)

Venue: Department of Highway Office, Waw Township



(i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader)

(ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader)


(iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist) (v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH

3. (b) Representatives from the following Government Departments

(i) U Naing Tun, Township Officer, General Administrative Department

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(ii) Daw Mar mar Thein, AE, Department of Highway

(iii) Daw Tin Zar Hnin, AE, Department of Highway

(iv) Daw Tin Zar Htaike, Admin Staff, Department of Highway

(v) U Aye Myint, Township Officer, Department of Township Police

(vi) U Han Win, Deputy Officer, Department of Township Police (vii) Daw Mya Thu Zar, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Agriculture

(viii) U Than Myat Soe, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Agricultural Land

Management and Statistics

(ix) U Myint Wai, City Development of Committee

(x) U Yae Htin Kyaw, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Irrigation

Although the Village tracts administrators of Shan Kaing, Se Phyu Kone and Moe Net Village Tracts were invited, there were no participants of representatives from Village Tracts. U Naing Tun, Township Officer of General Administration Department (GAD), explained that the administrators were not available and busy with “a new election process of the committee for some Village Tracts in Waw Township” and there is a meeting with Chief Minister of Bago Region to attend by the Village Tract administrators. Township GAD officer said that he will inform and share the information of this project to those village Tract Administrators next meeting which will be held next week at the Township GAD office.

Agenda

For the “Introduction of the project”, the same agendas as the previous public consultation were undertaken by the consultant team. For the explanation, the handouts were distributed to all the participants for the dissemination of the information of the project. The projector was not available for the power point presentation.

Discussion Session

Question (1): U Naing Tun, Township Officer, GAD, Waw Township

This project will be implemented in the Bago Region. Have you contacted or informed about this project to the Bago Regional Government, the Chief Minister, Ministers or so? If not my advice is to inform the Bago Regional Government first, which is a necessary step, and then we will be instructed and guided by Regional Government to work on this particular project.

Answer: U Maung Maung: This is the first time coming to see the Township level local authorities and introducing the project. We have informed and working with Nay Pyi Taw headquarter of Department of Highways, Director General and Deputy Director General, Project Director from the DOH and etc. From Nay Pyi Taw headquarter, a letter of introduction of project was issued about two weeks ago to the related Townships of DOH. The letter says a project mission (including local and international consultants and engineers) will come for a site visit, public consultation, survey and etc., and request to give help and support for the project.

Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: We will inform this issue to the Project Director and check whether the Bago Regional Government has been informed for this project or not. I think that this is a government project, implementing agency is Ministry of Construction, and it has already informed the Regional Government. Thank you very much for your message.


There are several projects for Highway Development. It is very confusing to me. Is this the same one of the JICA Project which came just a few months ago? The Project names are the same or not, “Yangon – Bago – Kyaikto” or some other towns, for example Belin, are included, the name of the project is correct?

Answer: U Maung Maung: This name “Yangon – Bago – Kyaikto” is an official name and correct. The Highway will not go near Belin Township. The exact alignment has not been

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selected, but one possibility is it will pass through near “between 3 – 4 mile of Thanatpin and Waw Township. The detailed design will be issued by JICA soon, and we will let the government authorities and local communities know the information when it is available.

Answer: U Zaw Min, AE, DOH, Nay Pyi Taw: It will be a continuation of those roads. When all are completed, it will be a continuous way for all regions and states. I have been participated in JICA survey team, and I understand that the projects will be implemented step by step.


I have heard that a new Sittaung River Bridge under this project will pass near an existing gas pipe line. How will you manage for this issue? In our township, most projects and business are run orderly, comply with the rules and regulation. For example, for the construction of communication towers (Oredoo, Telenor, MPT, etc.), the companies followed the instruction, rules and regulation set for the particular business.

Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: It is an interesting and important information. I will check the new bridge which will be constructed in the particular place – how many kilometres away from the existing gas pipe line. And it is also important how our Highway will be close to the recently selected the Ramsar Site of Gulf of Mottama in Bago Region and Mon State. If I have a chance, I will go there for a site visit or survey trip of our project.

Concluding Remark

U Naing Tun, Township Officer, GAD, Waw Township

For the development of transport sector, as well as for the communication, the upcoming project discussed today is an important one to go smoothly. For this purpose, the Government Township level officers who joined today meeting will make an effort and give valuable advices and working together for the project implementation process whenever necessary.

H.5. 26 Jan. 2018: Stakeholder Consultation at Kyaikto

Time: 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM (Afternoon Session)

Venue: General Administrative Department Office



(i) Mr. Timothy Collett, International consultant (Team leader)

(ii) U Maung Maung, Local consultant (Assistant Team Leader)


(iv) Dr. Khin Lay Swe, Local consultant (Environmental specialist) (v) U Zaw Min, Assistant Director, Nay Pyi Taw, DOH

(b) Representatives from the following Department

(i) U Aung Swe Myint, Assistant Township Officer, General Administration Department

(ii) U Swe Min Tun, Township Officer, Department of Highway

(iii) U Kyaw Moe Naing, Assistant Director, Department Of Highway, Thaton District

(iv) U Khin Soe, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Rural Development

(v) U Ko Ko Naing, Committee Member, City Development Committee

(vi) U Thaung Lwan, Township Officer, Forest Department (vii) Daw Thando Ko Ko, Assistant Township Officer, Department of Religious Affairs

(viii) U Saw Aung Nay Linn, Assistant Engineer, Department of Electric Engineering

(ix) U Maung Maung, Member, Environmental conservation association (Green

Association)

(x) Daw Nang Thaw Thaw Oo, Township Officer, Department of Communication

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(c) Representatives from the following village and Village Tracts

(i) U Aye Thein, Kyun Taw Village Tract

(ii) U Aung Nay Lin, Kaw Lin Village Tract

(iii) U Myint Lwin, Kokko Thar Village Tract

(iv) U Soe Tin, Kaw Bane Village Tract (v) U Soe Aung, Ma Lawt Chaung Village Tract

(vi) U Khin Tun, Bo Yar Gyi Village Tract

(vii) U Soe Thet Oo, Thein Za Yat Village Tract

(viii) U Win Shwe, yan Ka Boe Kone Village Tract

(ix) U Myo Aung, Kha Lun Village Tract

(x) U Aye Naing, Suppa Nu Village Tract

(xi) U Aung Min Nyunt, Motta Mu Village Tract

(xii) U Aung Kyaw Naing, A Kaing Village Tract (xiii) U Mya Thaung, Zeyar Mon Village Tract

(xiv) U Thein Naing, Mayan Chaung Village Tract

(xv) U Than Win, Sit Taung Village Tract

(xvi) U Than Oo, Myauk Paing Village Tract

(xvii) U Min Min Aung, Gant Kaw Village Tract

(xviii) U Htay Lwin, Kwin Ka Lay Village Tract

(xix) U Win Htay Aung, Hle Lan Ku Village Tract

Agenda

For the “Introduction of the project”, the same agendas as the previous public consultation were taken place by the consultant team. For the explanation, the handouts were distributed to all the participants for the dissemination of the information of the project. The projector was not available for the power point presentation.

Discussion Session

Question (1): U Min Min Aung, Village Tract Administrator, Kan Kaw Quarter, Kyaikhto

According to our previous experiences, most of us are weak in coordination and collaboration for implementing the projects. We should try our best. Moreover, we are not familiar with the “Environmental laws and rules”. This is the first time I have ever heard by the explanation of a consultant, Dr. Daw Khin Lay Swe. It is very interesting and helpful to us. Is there any plan for such explanation of our new laws which appears recently?

Answer: U Maung Maung: Our consultancy group will come again and again in near future, before the start of the project, and we will explain more about the project.

Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: We have plans to come to the villages which are directly concerned with the Project. And we will do village surveys for the Environmental Impact Assessment before the project implementation. At that time we will explain more about the project and the rules and procedures of Environmental Conservation Department (ECD), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC).

Question (2): U Soe Thet Oo, Thein Zayat Village Tract Administrator

For building a new Highway, what are the benefits to us? We have to pay the interest, a large amount of interest rate or not?

Answer: U Aung Swe Myint, Township Officer, GAD, Kyaikto Township: He said this project is for the development of our nation – it will make smooth transportation and good in marketing. It is not for a person or a family, but it is for all. I do not know about the interest rate – no interest or a small amount of money or some amount.

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Answer: Dr. Khin Lay Swe: Based on my experience, the interest of the loans from the World Bank(WB) and Asian Development Bank (ADB) are very few, less than one percent; and those interests go to the fund for the aids to natural disaster regions of our country.

Question (3): U Than Win, Sittaung Village Tract Administrator

Please explain thoroughly the local communities to understand the project well, for example – when it starts, the road alignment, and etc. If so, we all can participate and discuss the project to go smoothly.

Answer: U Maung Maung: We will come soon, reach to the related villages. One of a step, we, Road Engineers, are planned to come to your villages for the measurement of road alignment, soil strength, and etc. Your help are requested at that time.

Answer: U Swe Min Tun, Assistant Engineer, DOH: To explain the upcoming project, for this moment, it is not much clear for the road alignment. When it is decided /or an exact alignment has been chosen, we will inform all of you. The local people’s interest and participation will become the most important thing for the success of the project.

Concluding Remark

U Kyaw Moe Naing, Assistant Director, DOH, Thaton District

Government staffs are busy with the works of departmental budget in these particular months, drawing near the end of budget year. Similarly, the village heads are busy with their administrative works. Therefore, all participants are appreciated for the presence at today meeting. For this Highway Project, when it comes into implementation process, there will be difficulties to some extent. We all should prepare for this and to go the project smoothly and successfully. We have had experiences of “Bypass road” of our Kyaikto town. According to our previous experiences, some related households were absent from the meetings, and some meeting attendees were not authorized person of the households. The project was delayed and did not go very well because of this. Taking this as a lesson learned, for this project, all related/concerned persons should attend the meetings, and they must be the authorized person of the family, and should discuss thoroughly. Due to the upcoming Highway Project, our Mon State will get benefit earlier than other regions. Therefore, all must participate by coordination and collaboration to get a success.

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ANNEX

ATTENDANCE SHEETS FOR CONSULTATION MEETINGS ATTACHED AS SEPARATE PDF DOCUMENTS: FIVE FILES

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Figure 1. Public consultation Attendance list of Morning Session (25-1-2018) at DOH office, Bago

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Figure 2. Public consultation Attendance list of Afternoon Session (25-1-2018) at GAD office, Thanatpin

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Figure 3. Public consultation Attendance list of Morning Session (26-1-2018) at DOH office, Waw

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H.6. Photo Documentation of Government Consultation

1. Bago DOH office: Mr. Tim explains for the project introduction

2. Bago DOH office: Dr. Khin power point presentation

3. Bago DOH office: Question and comment by a participant

4. Thanatpin GAD office: participants

5.Thanatpin GAD office: question and comment by a participant

6. Waw DOH office: U Maung Maung- explanation of overview of the project

7.Waw DOH office: U Aung Hlaing Latt - explanation on social issues

8. Kyaikto GAD office: question by a participant (1)

9. Kyaikto GAD office: question by a participant (2)

Source: The TA-9314-MYA Consultants 2018

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I. APPENDIX I Stakeholder Consultations 2

Rural Roads Planning Specialist Mission 4 - 24 July 2018

I.1. Records of Meeting No 1 GAD Meeting in Bago

Time and Date: 13:00 – 14:00, Thursday 12 July 2018

Location: GAD Office, Bago

Attendance: Mr. Aung Than Zaw, General Administrator, Bago

Mr. Yan Naung Win, Staff Officer (Engineer), Department of Rural Road Development (Bago), Ministry of Construction

Graham Johnson-Jones, Rural Roads Planning Specialist, PADECO Co., Ltd.

Sai Than Kywe, Deputy Team Leader, PADECO Co., Ltd.

Discussions, Conclusions and Agreed Actions:

Item Subject Discussion, Conclusions and Actions

1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the General Administrator and DRRD representative for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule.

2 Briefing on the Rural Roads Component developments to date:

The RRPS and DTL provided a copy of the map and summary analysis for rural roads, and briefed the GA and DRRD representative on the approaches developed to date to optimize the benefits to village communities in the vicinity of the proposed Toll Road:

1) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 2) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so

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that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 3) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 4) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 5) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 6) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socio-economic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 7) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 8) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR require that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. PADECO decided to include Bago in this process and the RRPS and DTL requested any comments and suggestions from the Township General Administrator and DRRD representative for Bago.

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3 Comments and suggestions resulting from discussions

1. The GA endorsed the approach proposed. 2. The Township GA asked regarding the possibility of inclusion of a rural road connecting Bago town villages North of Zay Nyuang Pin along the East side of the Bago River up to Bago East. PADECO pointed out that this was close to the location of the Bago Bypass East which would connect across the new bridge to Bago South and the Yangon Expressway, as well as connecting to the main Bago Thanatpin highway and the new expressway to the West. A site visit to the potential connection of the suggested road in Bago East, indicated insufficient road width availability to make the connection viable. See photographs attached. 3. Discussion also ensued on Intersection/Rest area locations, with locations being selected to provide maximum benefit to road users and the local communities.

4 Planning of next steps

The Township GA suggested that at the next stage of consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

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PHOTOGRAPHS

Site of potential suggested Zay Nyuang Pin to Bago East Road near Bago looking North. Note: lack of width between the riverside and landside development


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Rural Roads Planning Specialist Mission

4 - 24 July 2018

I.2. Records of Meeting No 2 GAD Meeting in Thanatpin

Time and Date: 14:40 – 15:40, Thursday 12 July 2018

Location: GAD Office, Thanatpin

Attendance: Mr. Than Naing, Township General Administrator, Thanatpin

Mr. Yan Naung Win, Staff Officer (Engineer), Department of Rural Road Development (Bago), Ministry of Construction

Mr. Aung Myint, Staff Officer (Civil),Department of Highways (Thanatpin), Ministry of Construction

Ms. May Thazin Khine, Junior Engineer II (Civil), Department of Highways (Thanatpin), Ministry of Construction





1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the Township General Administrator, DRRD and DOH representatives for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule.


The RRPS and DTL provided a copy of the map and summary analysis for rural roads, and briefed the Township GA and other representatives on the approaches developed to date to optimize the benefits to village communities in the vicinity of the proposed Toll Road:

9) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 10) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible

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rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 11) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 12) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 13) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 14) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socio-economic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 15) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 16) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR requires that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. The RRPS and DTL requested any comments and suggestions from the Township

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General Administrator, DRRD and DOH representatives for Thanatpin.


4. The Township GA endorsed the approach proposed and provided a map showing the boundaries of Thanatpin township. 5. The Township GA also pointed out the potential expressway linkage to Yangon directly South from Thanatpin.


The Township GA agreed that at the next stage of consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

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PHOTOGRAPHS

GAD Meeting - Thanatpin


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4 - 24 July 2018

I.3. Records of Meeting No 3 GAD Meeting in Waw

Time and Date: 09:00 – 10:20, Friday 13 July 2018

Location: MOH Office, Waw

Attendance: U Yair Min Aung, General Administration Deputy Officer, Waw

Daw Mar Mar Theim, Head Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Waw), Ministry of Construction

Daw Han Thu Cho Zin, Sub-Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Waw), Ministry of Construction

U Pyae Phyoe, Sub-Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Waw), Ministry of Construction





1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the General Administration Deputy Officer and DRRD representatives for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule.



17) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 18) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible

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rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 19) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 20) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 21) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 22) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socio-economic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 23) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 24) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR require that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. The RRPS and DTL requested any comments and suggestions from the General Administration and DRRD representatives for Waw.

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6. The GA Deputy Officer and team endorsed the approach proposed.


The GA Deputy Officer also agreed that at the next stage of consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

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PHOTOGRAPHS

GAD Meeting – MOH Offices, Waw


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4 - 24 July 2018

I.4. Records of Meeting No 4 GAD Meeting in Kyaikto

Time and Date: 12:30 – 13:20, Friday 13 July 2018

Location: GAD Office, Kyaikto

Attendance: U Aung Swe Myint, Kyaikto Township General Administration Department Officer

U Zaw Win, Township Officer, Department of Rural Road Development (Kyaikto), Ministry of Construction

Daw Thet Su Khine, Assistant Engineer (2), Department of Highways (Kyaikto), Ministry of Construction

Daw Zin Zin Win, Assistant Engineer (2), Department of Rural Road Development (Kyaikto), Ministry of Construction





1 Appreciation The Rural Roads Planning Specialist (RRPS) and Deputy Team Leader (DTL) thanked the General Administration and DRRD representatives for agreeing to the meeting at short notice, knowing their busy schedule.



25) Rural Roads Component Status: The Rural Roads Component is a pre-feasibility component of the main East West Highway Development Project feasibility study. 26) The Rural Roads TOR: – Requires identification (with consultation with stakeholders) of a long list of access roads in the immediate area or

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vicinity of the Highway Project in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto that may be selected for possible rehabilitation or upgrading. These may be considered for improvement in parallel with the main project, so that more people can benefit from the project and associated economic opportunities. 27) Progress to date: Field reconnaissance undertaken in May 2018 in the 3 townships in the TOR, and with the addition of Bago. These included consultations with DRRD and MOH. 28) Principles adopted to date: a. Strategic siting of Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities on the main highway alignment, to provide optimum access for local villages and communities; b. “Frontage roads” providing access for villages both North and South of the alignment through the village road underpasses to the Frontage Roads, and from there to the Interchange/rest area/market and expressway transport and bus facilities in (a) above; and c. Selected improvement of rural access roads to improve access from villages to the frontage roads. 29) Scale of Potential Rural Roads Component: The development of the long list to date indicates consideration of up to up to 23.1 km of adjusted 18’ paved frontage roads, 8.29 km of adjusted 12’ paved improved village access roads; and 54.02 km of adjusted 12’ gravel improved village access roads. According to population statistics, the full implementation of the long list potentially could benefit up to 117,000 people. 30) Rural Road Design Standards: PADECO are developing updated standards for the Rural Roads component for later discussion and agreement with DRRD. Additionally, the individual road standard requirements of specific roads may change as a result of road condition, traffic count and socio-economic survey results in the prioritization and feasibility stage. 31) Potential Timing: The period of project preparation up to signing of a Loan Agreement for ADB projects generally takes two years, and this study for the rural roads component is part of that preparation. 32) Purpose of the GAD Stakeholder Consultations: The ADB TOR require that stakeholder consultations are conducted regarding the rural roads component in Thanatpin, Waw and Kyaikto Townships. The RRPS and DTL requested any comments and suggestions from the General

194

Administration, DOH and DRRD representatives for Kyaikto.


7. The GA and DRRD representatives endorsed the approach proposed. 8. The GA Department Officer suggested consideration be given to including a 100m road bridge across the river between the villages of Kyauk Ye Kan and Kyaik Ka Tha, as stated to be supported by the Regional Chief Minister. Currently there is only a rail bridge and the area between the rails has been filled in to allow motorcycle traffic. The DTL pointed out that the cost of such a bridge would be in the order of USD 650,000. The RRPS confirmed that the request would be noted, for consideration subject to economic and social analysis.


The GA Department Officer also suggested that at the next stage of consultations, in the feasibility stage, Members of Parliament should also be invited.

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J. Appendix J Public Consultation SERIES 1

J.1. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #1 Date: 2018-03-19

Time: 12:00 - 15:00

Place: Amata Yathar Yone Monastery

Kyaung Su Village

Min Ywar Kyaung Su Village Tract

Thanatpin Township

Bago Region

Team Members

Serial Name Rank

1 Mr. Zaw Min Assistant Director, MOC

2 Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff officer, MOC

3 Mr. Tim Collett Team leader

4 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environment expert

5 Mr. Aung Hlaing Latt Social expert

Public consultation program

Sr. Time Particular

1 12:00 – 12:10 Mr. Zaw Min: Introduction to the project and project team

2 12:10 – 12: 20 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin

3 12:20 – 12: 40 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures

4 12: 40 – 13: 00 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan

5 13:00 – 13: 30 Questions and answer session

6 13: 30 – 13:40 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet

7 13:40 – 15:00 Distribution of questionnaire forms and gathering back

Number of people in attendance

# Village Village Tract Number

1 Kyaik Min Kalaut Kyaung Su Village Tract 1

2 Hpa Yae Hpa Yae Village Tract 9

3 Min Ywa Min Ywa Village Tract 10

4 Kyaung Su Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Tract 45

5 Min Ywa Kyaung Su Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Tract 5

196

6 Village Tract Administrator, Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Tract 1

7 Min Ywa Village Administrator Min Ywa Village Tract 1

8 Pha Yae Village Administrator Hpa Yae Village Tract 1

Total People from villages 73

Others

PADECO 3

MOC, Nay Pyi Taw 2

Thanatpin DOH 2

Deputy Township officer, General Administration Department, Thanatpin Township

1

Village Tract officer, Deputy Township officer, General Administration Department, Thanatpin Township

1

Total 82

Farmers from 5 villages: 73 (Male: 65; Female: 8)

Government staff and project members: 9 (Male: 6; Female: 3)

Total attendees: 82 (Male: 71; Female: 11)

Questions and answers

# Questions Answers

1 A farmer from Min Ywa Village Tract Administrator. Pls. give some more explanation about “village to village road improvement”, and what the project is going to do with that?

U Zaw Min. Because the new Highway is a control access, people and livestock cannot go pass through it. Some underpass and overpass will be constructed to get access for the people. At the detail design stage and construction, the clear and final decision will be made. When we go to the ground level, we will decide for the best way of improvement of existing rural roads in a priority.

Mr. Tim. The local road network will be studied, for example, the improved access road to Waw Town and/or Thanatpin Town will be proposed in our report. Existing or future roads will have 4.5 to 5.0-metre clearances. Farm tracks will have 3.5-metre clearance.

2 A farmer from Kyaung Su village. How wide will be the new Highway and the areas or villages to be passed through?

U Zaw Min. The width of the road (ROW) is 100 meter (300 ft.). We cannot say in detail for this moment. When at the construction time it will be improved and a little change and movement after detailed ground survey and discussion and consultation with the local people.

197

# Questions Answers

3 A farmer from Kyaung Su village. How will you do consultation / discussion during construction time? We are afraid that the constructors will do as they like, same as our previous experiences?

U Zaw Min. When at the actual construction period there will have a coordination team/ committee with the representative of the respective villages. We will meet and take the idea of each affected household. Taking consideration all the ideas and wishes, we will do the alignment after the comprehensive discussions.

4 A farmer from Minywa Village Tract administrator. I would like to know resettlement and compensation plan.

U Zaw Min. There are three groups of us, alignment of highway design (Mr.Tim), environment (Dr. Khin), and social aspect (Mr.Latt). The resettlement and compensation plan will be explained by Mr.Latt. There will be a full compensation for lands and incomes affected. There will be grievance procedures if the affected person does not agree with the compensation.

5 A farmer from Kyaung Su Village. The highway will disturb the water flow of canals to agriculture fields. How do you protect for this issue?

U Zaw Min. We will target the benefits of the people, including farmers. We will form the coordination team / committee which will include the township officers from government departments, such as Department of Agriculture (DOA) and Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics (DALMS) and etc. Therefore, these issues will be addressed carefully.

6 A farmer from Min Ywa Village. I would like to know the villages and the fields to be crossed by the new Highway. And where will be the New Sittaung River Bridge?

Mr. Tim and U Zaw Min. They answered the question with a vinyl map. Then Mr. Tim showed the google map and explained the tentative new Highway in details.

7 A farmer from Min Ywa Kyaung Su Village Tract Administrator. If it is possible, we would like to get the vinyl map of tentative new Highway.

Mr. Tim. More vinyl maps will be provided.

8 A farmer from Min Ywa Village. When will you come for the next time meetings?

Dr. Khin. We have a plan to come in next May. If women are available to some extent at the growing season while the men are busy, we hope, we can do household survey works and Public Consultation successfully.

198

Figure J-1 Public Consultation Meeting in Kyaung Su Village, Thanatpin Township 19 March 2018

Figure J-2 Public Notices at Kyaung Su Village

Figure J-3 Presentation in Progress

Figure J-4 There were 73 Villagers in attendance

Figure J-5 There were a number of questions

Figure J-6 The villagers were very interested

Figure J-7 Questionnaires were filled out


199

J.2. Meeting minutes of Public Consultation Meeting #2

Date: 2018-03-20

Time: 12:00 - 14:30

Place: Rural Health Center (RHC)

Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi Village

Zay Nyaung Pin Village Tract

Bago Township

Bago Region

Team Members

Serial Name Rank







Sr. Time Particular










1 Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi 70

2 Oh Bo Oh Bo 6

3 Auk Si Di (east) Auk Si Di (west) 29

4 Zay Nyaung Pin Lay Zay Nyaung Pin Lay 6

5 Auk Si Di (west) Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi 6

6 Sai De Sai De 14

7 Kyauk Tan She Kyauk Tan She 2

200

8 Village Tract Administrator Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi 1

9 Village Tract Administrator Auk Si Di (west) 1

10 Village Administrator Auk Si Di (east) Auk Si DI (west) 1


Others

1 PADECO 3

2 MOC, Nay Pyi Taw 2

3 Bago DOH 2

4 Village Tract officer, General Administration Department, Bago Township

1

Total 144





# Questions Answers

1 A farmer from Oe Bo village. There are two paths / earth roads between Block number 630 and 637. I would like to know the underpass or overpass for Highway will be one or two.

Mr. Tim. It will be decided when the design starts. It depends on the place, topography, design of the road and etc. The rural road network would be studied.

2 A farmer from Oe Bo village. When you consider about the compensation, we have good quality soils, for example, R1 class. Will you consider differently or the same among the various soil classes?

Dr. Khin. When the compensation is calculated, all the organizations, government and civil based organizations, such as Department of Agriculture (DOA), Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics (DALMS), are gathered and work cooperatively and collaboratively. The issue will be addressed carefully and comprehensively.

U Zaw Min. At the time of household survey, the data will be collected in detail and carefully by the surveyor group and village representatives, such as women household head, widow, age, family size, farm size, the crops yearly grown, etc. That time help from villagers are important and necessary.

201

# Questions Answers

3 A farmer from Oe Bo village. I want to know the plan for the crossing the Highway, for our access road to there.

Mr. Tim. Depending on the size of the village, the village population, it will be a big rural access road or a small road, the priority of the improvement work to be done – all will be considered at the time when the final decision is made.

4 A farmer from Oe Bo village. I feel, personally, satisfied to know that you will put in detailed data of every affected household for careful consideration.

5 A farmer from Auk Si Di (East). What will you do for the small natural streams we are using for irrigation of crops? I am worried for the disappearance of them by the Highway construction.

Mr. Tim. We will take care of that when we actually work the ground survey. We will come and hold this kind of public meeting for several times, and your participation is highly appreciated.

6 A farmer from Auk Si Di (East). How will you consider if a small holder farmers, for example he has only three acres of land, and he will lose all what he has by the Highway alignment.

Dr. Khin. The team who are responsible for the resettlement and compensation matters will manage it, according to the existing laws and rules of our country.

7 A farmer from Gway Tan She village. How will you manage the land which has registered as La Na 39, land for other use?

Mr. Tim. For the compensation of lands, plots, properties, etc. all will be included to be considered.

U Zaw Min. For the land compensation, there will be particular meetings specific to those issues.

8 The Village administrator, Auk Si Di (West). According to the map, Gway Tan She village is not affected, your map is the final one or not?

Mr. Tim. Generally speaking, the map is the final, but there will be changes or movement depending on the real ground condition, for example, we will avoid the religious structures, such as pagodas, stupa and monastery, etc., as much as possible.

9 A farmer from Sai Di village.

(a) I would like to have our village roads to be improved, as the same with the Highway. (b) While construction time, pls. take care not to destroy or damage the existing our local road network. (c) We want you to construct the overpasses in line with our existing roads as possible.

Dr. Khin. Please participate the next meetings and you can give advice and working together. We all will take into consideration for the benefit of locals as much as possible.

202

# Questions Answers

10 A farmer from Oe Bo village. I would like to know, if possible, how many areas of land of the affected farmers.

Mr. Zaw Min. We will let you know all in detail when the land survey team work for the actual ground survey. This time is only for engineer portion and introduction for the project. Later, the team for the compensation will come and work for its specific purpose.

11 A farmer from Auk Si Di (East). We want the map of the Highway alignment.

Mr. Tim. We will prepare the maps for distribution next time.

12 A farmer from Auk Si Di (West). At the time of sowing season, if we cannot grow the crops, how will you manage for that?

U Zaw Min. It will be solved by the decision of the committees which include coordination team, government organizations like DOA and DALMS, village representatives – all will work together.

203

Figure J-8 Public Consultation Meeting in Zay Nyaung Pin Gyi Village, Bago Township 20 March 2018

Figure J-9 136 people attended

Figure J-10 Questions were promoted

Figure J-11 MOC Officer answering questions

Figure J-12 There were a number of females

Figure J-13 The villagers were very interested

Figure J-14 Questions were noted


204


Date: 2018-03-22

Time: 12:00 - 14:00

Place: Pan Taw Monastery

Kyaik Ka Thar Village

Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract

Kyaikto Township

Thaton District

Mon State

Team Members

Serial Name Rank







Sr. Time Particular










1 Kyauk Yae Kan Sut Pa Nu Village Tract 1

2 Ka Lun Ka Lun Village Tract 8

3 Kyaik Ka Thar Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract 17

4 Kaw San Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract 6

5 Moke Kha Mu Moke Kha Mu Village Tract 7

6 Moke Palin Moke Kha Mu Village Tract 3

205

7 Ma Lawt Chaung Ma Lawt Chaung Village Tract 6

8 Sut Pa Nu Sut Pa Nu Village Tract 2

9 Bo Yar Gyi Bo Yar Gyi Village Tract 15

10 Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract Administrator 1

11 Moke Kha Mu Village Tract Administrator 1

12 Bo Yar Gyi Village Tract Administrator 1


Others

1 PADECO 3


3 Kyaikto DOH 1

4 General Administration Department, Kyaikto 1

Total 75





# Comments and Questions Remarks and Answers

1 Questions were raised about the two alignments in Kyaikto Township. Kyaik Ka Thar Village was on the southern alignment. One man pointed out that in the southern route there were many small holding farmers growing rice, beans and peas who would be severely affected by losing some of their land. On the northern alignment there were larger rubber farms who would be affected less.

This point was noted and such considerations would be part of the alignment selection process.

2 There were concerns about how the compensation for lands and crops would be done.

There would be a number of steps that would be done before the compensation procedures were finalized. There would be a compensation matrix and a grievance procedures so that if the affected people were not satisfied with the compensation they could seek a better option.

3 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. There are two alternative ways for the project. Which villages will be passed through by them?

The list of the villages that the proposed alignments would pass through were discussed and shown on the map.

206


4 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. The underpass of 12 feet wide and 12 feet high. I think it will be too small for the trucks we are using for the carrying of our crop products. It will be better with 15 feet of size.

We will consider this when we are designing the road. We will do as much as we can to be sufficient space. The overpass will be more expensive than the underpasses.

5 The Kyaik Ka Thar Village Tract Administrator. How will you manage the compensation of various types of lands, such as crop land, plantation and others?

At the time of the “Resettlement plan”, it will be explained more in detail. We will do the household survey of all affected persons - one household after another. It will take about two years. From your side, you should ask and request what is not clear. You may ask what you want and the MOC will do consultations many times until the problem solved.

6 The Ka Lun Village Tract Administrator. I want to know the access roads to cross the Highway will be one for each villages or two villages.

We will have to discuss with the affected villages and roads. The design of the road must take into consideration these accesses.

7 The Moke Kha Mu Village Tract Administrator. We don’t want to damage the Sein Ka Lei Inn (Lake) by the construction of Highway.

Mr. Zaw Min. We will take care of that as much as possible since we know that it is very important for the existing ecosystem of this area.

8 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. The both sides of the Highway, there will be 300 feet in width. In addition to this, there will be 12 more feet for rural path.

The 100-metre ROW included the possible location of parallel rural roads.

9 A farmer from Ma Lawt Chaung Village. For the access road, which one is better, the underpass or overpass? The underpasses are enough for the villages nearby.

Mr. Zaw Min. After the final decision has not been made, the exact placement of the underpass and overpass will be selected, after the detail discussion with the village representatives and meetings for several times.

207

Figure J-15 Public Consultation Meeting in Kyaik Ka Thar Village, Kyaikto Township 22 March 2018

Figure J-16 Attendance was high

Figure J-17 Questions were promoted

Figure J-18 There were many comments & questions

Figure J-19 Engaging the villagers

Figure J-20 Questionnaires were filled out

Figure J-21 Google map was used for alignment


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Date: 2018-03-22

Time: 15:30 - 17:30

Place: Kyun Taw Monastery

Kyun Taw Village

Kyun Taw Village Tract

Kyaikto Township

Thaton District

Mon State

Team Members

Serial Name Rank







Sr. Time Particular


2 15:40 – 15:50 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin

3 15:50 – 16:10 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures

4 16:10 – 16:30 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan

5 16:30 – 17:00 Questions and answer session

6 17:00 – 17:20 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet



# Villages Village Tract Number

1 Pyinma Sa Khan Kyun Taw Village Tract 9

2 Kyun Taw Kyun Taw Village Tract 10

3 Lat Pya Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 1

4 Sein Ka Let Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 1

5 Hpet Ka Leik Hpet Ka Leik Village Tract 8

6 Ta Dar Phyu Kyun Taw Village Tract 1

209

7 Bike Kar Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 3

8 Hle Lan Ku Hle Lan Ku Village Tract 2

9 Taung Ka Lay/ Kwin Ka Lay Kwin Ka Lay Village Tract 11

10 Kwin Ka Lay Village Tract Administrator 1

11 Kyun Taw Village Tract Administrator 1

12 Hpet Ka Leik Village Tract Administrator 1

13 Hle Lan Ku Village Tract Administrator 1


Others

1 PADECO 3


3 Kyaikto DOH 1

4 General Administration Department, Kyaikto 1

Total 57


Others - Government staff and project members: 7 (Male: 4; Female: 3)




1 A farmer from Taung Ka Lay village. I would like to know more clarification of which lands and fields will be passed by the alignment.

Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min. Explained by using the maps of Vinyl and Google map. According to Mr. Zaw Min’s explanation, their village, Taung Ka Lay will not be passed through but they can have an input on the rural road network improvement.

2 The Kwin Kalay Village Tract Village Tract Administrator. He thinks that Kwin Kalay Village Tract will escape, but inside this village tract, Oke Pho village was included and asked for Oke Pho.

The improvement of the rural road network could involve their villages.

3 A farmer from Let Pya village. He wants to know the exact place near their village where the alignment will pass.

Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min explained by using the maps of Vinyl and Google map.

4 A farmer from Kyun Taw village. He wants to confirm that his village will escape but the fields will be passed through by the alignment.

Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min explained by using the maps of Vinyl and Google map.

210

Figure J-22 Public Consultation Meeting in Kyun Taw Village, Kyaikto Township 22 March 2018

Figure J-23 Attendance was high

Figure J-24 Explaining the road

Figure J-25 There were many comments & questions


Figure J-27 Questionnaires were given out

Figure J-28 Many Questions about the alignment


211


Date: 2018-03-24

Time: 13:00 - 15:30

Place: Zee Hpyu Kone Monastery

Zee Hpyu Kone Village

Zee Hpyu Kone Village Tract

Waw Township

Bago East Region

Team Members

Serial Name Rank







Sr. Time Particular


2 13:10 – 13:20 Mr. Tim: Presentation about the project; Translation by Dr. Khin

3 13:20 – 13:40 Dr. Khin Presentation about the possible environmental impacts by the proposed project and mitigation measures

4 13:40 – 14:00 U Aung Hlaing Latt: Presentation on social aspects of the proposed project and the resettlement plan

5 14:00 – 14:40 Questions and answer session

6 14:40 – 15:15 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet



# Village Number

1 Villagers from Zee Hpyu Kone Village 31

2 Zee Hpyu Kone Village Tract Administrator 1

3 Villagers with land in Win Ka Dat Village 2


Others

212

1 Village Tract officer from Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics (DALMS)

1

2 PADECO 3


4 A staff from Waw DOH (SAE) 1

Total 41

Farmers from 2 villages: 34 (Male: 34)





1 A Village elder, farmer. There are existing rural roads, for example, Wet Kadet and canal for transport. We don’t want the new road will block our existing ways.

Mr. Tim and Mr. Zaw Min. We will take care of that. We will surely consider not to block the existing rural roads.

2 A farmer from Village Tract officer of the Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics. We have natural streams and canals (Bago – Sittaung canal) and we want the passes to cross these.

Mr. Tim. We will do so. It was most important to look after natural streams and irrigation canals must be maintained.

3 A farmer from Waw We want to repair the existing bridge in the north of our village. It is old and the capacity is only for 10 ton-truck.

Mr. Tim. We saw that when we have passed through it. Such kind of renovation of rural roads and bridges could be included in the project. But we need to prioritize which one are most importantly necessary.

4 A farmer. Please explain more about the compensation for the land affected.

We don’t know yet how many persons will be affected. We have to collect the detail data of affected lands and owners, with the help of the department officials of township level, and village representatives and affected farmers. We need several time of consultations to get the fair amount of compensation money. The process will take about two years because we need to work in detail and comprehensively.

5 A farmer from Zee Hpyu Kone Village but farms a field in Win Ka Dat Village Tract wanted to know how the road would affect his access to his field.

The road must maintain such accesses by providing underpass crossings at convenient locations. There would be parallel rural roads just inside the right of way that would connected to underpasses.

213


6. A farmer from Win Ka Dat Village stated that existing connects to Tha Nat Tna and Kyi Bin Zu Villages in Thanatpin Township just south of Win Ka Dat were not very good. Generally, the connection between Waw Township and Thanatpin Township were bad. Could the project improve these roads?

The local rural road network will be studied and a priority of links established. The Township roads connected up to the township centre. There should be links between the townships especially those more remote from the centre.

214

Figure J-29 Public Consultation Meeting in Zee Hpyu Kone Village, Waw Township 24 March 2018

Figure J-30 Public Notices at Zee Hpyu Kone Village

Figure J-31 Explaining the road

Figure J-32 Giving the presentation


Figure J-34 Many comments and questions

Figure J-35 The bridge that the village need upgrading


215

J.6. Attendance Sheets for Series 1 Public Consultations

216

Attendance Sheet 1 of 4 for Thanatpin 19 March 2018

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Attendance Sheet 9 of 9 for Bago – 20 March 2018

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Attendance Sheet 1 of 5 – Kyaikto 2 – 22 March 2018

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K. Appendix K Public Consultation SERIES 2

K.1. Public Consultation schedule

Sr. Date

Time Township Place / Village

1 17-8-2018 (Friday)

1:00 PM Thanatpin Thanatpin Town (Dami Kar Yon Monastery, Northern Quarter, Thanatpin)

2 18-8-2018 (Saturday)

1:00 PM Bago Moke Ka La village (Monastery)

3 20-8-2018 (Monday)

11:00 AM Waw Ka Dut (Monastery)

4 22-8-2018 (Wednesday)

9:00 AM Kyaikto Bike Kar (Monastery)

K.2. Participant lists (PADECO consultant team) Sr. Name Rank

1 Dr, David Lees Environmental / Climate resilience specialist

2 Mr. Suu Resettlement specialist

3 Dr. Khin Lay Swe Environmental specialist

4 Mr. Kyi Win Communication expert

5 Mr. Toe Myint Social development and resettlement specialist

6 Mr. Tim Collett Team Leader/ Transport engineer

K.3. Participant lists (Staffs of Department of Highways, Ministry of Construction) Sr. Date Place of Public

consultation Name Rank

1 17-08-2018 Thanatpin Town, (Thanatpin Township)

Mr. Aung Myint Township Assistant Engineer, DOH, Thanatpin

2 18-08-2018 Moke Ka La village

(Bago Township)

Mr. Yae Myint SAE, DOH, Bago Township

Mr. Thet Khaing Oo Township Junior Engineer, Bago Township

3 20-08-2018 Ka Dut village

(Waw Township)

Ms. Mar Mar Thein Assistant Engineer, DOH, Waw Township

Ms. Han Thu Cho Win SAE, Department of Rural Road Development (DRRD), Waw Township

244

4 22-08-2018 Bike Kar village, (Kyaikto Township)

Mr. Win Lwin DE, MOC, Nay Pyi Taw

Mr. Yan Naing Zaw CE, MOC, Nay Pyi Taw

U Soe Lwin AD, MOC, Nay Pyi Taw

U Zaw Min AD, DOH, Mon State

Mr. Min Htet Aung AE, PMU, Yangon

Mr. Min Zaw Win JE, MOC, Mon State

Ms. Ohn Mar Tun DD, DOH, Mon State

Ms. Mya Mya Win AE, DOH, Kyaikto Township

Ms. Ei Khaing Myint Staff Officer, DOH, Nay Pyi Taw

K.4. Public consultation program

Sr. Time Particular

1 2:00 – 2:10 Self Introduction of the project team members

2 2:10 – 2: 30 Dr. David: Presentation about the project

Engineering, environmental and social aspects; Translated by Dr. Khin

3 2:30 – 2: 40 Dr. Khin: Presentation about the possible environmental impacts and mitigation measures

4 2: 40 – 3: 00 Questions and answers session

3: 00– 3: 20 Mr. Suu: Explanation on social aspects and the Inventory of losses and resettlement plan of the proposed project (Translated by Mr. Kyi Win)

3: 20 – 3:40 Distribution and explanation of the Project Information Booklet

5 3: 40 – 4:30 Refreshments to the participants

6 3: 40 – 4:30 Questions and answer session

K.5. Introduction of the project by the consultant team

• Dr. David Lees: He explained the proposed project from the aspects of engineering, climate change and environment. He introduced that the Bago-Kyaiko Highway (new alignment) will be constructed with the assistance of ADB and JICA. The highway will have 70 km length and 100 m width, including a 2.3 km bridge upon the Sittaung River. The Project output will be: (1) construct the new Bago-Kyaikto highway; (2) habilitate or upgrade rural roads to provide access to communities in the project area; and (3) enhancement of capacity of MOC for developing, financing, implementing and managing arterial highway projects, as well as for managing road safety.

• Construction of Bago-Kyaikto will acquire about 800 ha of land of about 21 villages. Most of the affected land is agricultural land and land of rubber tree plantation. An inventory of loss was conducted in June – August 2018 to identify of impacts based on the preliminary design of the

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highway. The proposed project will be the first green field arterial highway constructed in Myanmar to international standards. The project development is expected to set good precedents for (i) engineering standards, (ii) tolling, (iii) land acquisition management, and (iv) complementary rural access road investments to bring economic opportunities for communities located along the highway.

• It is expected to improve conditions for transportation of goods and people in Bago Region and Mon State, and further on to Yangon and to Kayin State and across the border to Thailand. Better connectivity and transportation conditions are expected to enhance access to employment and business opportunities, to markets, and to education and health services. During the road construction there will be labour opportunities for local people as unskilled workers, both men and women.

• Given that this is a green field project, the physical and natural environment will be impacted. Air and noise quality degradation, surface water drainage modification during construction and operations as well as the impact on the Mottama Estuary and other protected areas. The alignment will pass across mostly paddy lands and irrigation canals, small streams and natural drainage. The new road will require the elevation of 3m above mean sea level with embankments, creating a barrier to surface water drainage as well as to movement of all wild animals, domestic livestock and restrict farmer’s access their lands. The new road alignment will cut through paddy lands, restricting farmer access to fields and grazing areas and likely increase distance from field to farm. There will be short term (during construction) and long term impacts (during operation). It will introduce a degraded air quality and noise environment for all settlements and communities along the route. Construction period impacts will focus the earthworks, namely the operation of borrow sites to supply the sub-grade materials as well pavement materials, construction access roads and transport of tons of materials, as well as the establishment and operation of work camps and all work related wastes. Construction during the dry season will mean dust issues from construction sections and access roads.

• Dr. Khin Lay Swe: She explained that the construction and operating period will focus on air and noise quality changes as well as access of roadside residents to their farms and animal grazing and feeding areas. To address these issues, proper mitigation measures will be applied, e.g., use construction machines and vehicles equipped with good exhaust emission system and filled with good quality fuel and oil. For the rehabilitation of all sites where surface vegetation is to be removed, reseeding and replanting of shrubs and trees will be considered. The contractor will have to implement and manage, based on specifications provided in the project EMP, such as a good waste management system, proper sizing of culverts and all cross drainage structures, and etc. The villagers are encouraged to participate in a series of public consultations, in discussions on the draft and final plans (resettlement, environment, social development). The villagers will provide assistance in relocation activities, environmental management activities, social development measures, and monitor of the implementation of the activities.

(1) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Dami Kar Yon Monastery, Thanatpin Zee

Paing Quarter, Thatnatpin Township, Bago Region

Sr. Village Village Tract Number of attendees

Total Male Female

1 Zee Paing Quarter

- 11 2 13

2 Kyaung Su Min Ywa Kyaung Su 13 0 13

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3 Kayan Kayan 9 0 9

4 Sun Pi Sun Pi 15 0 15

5 Auk Su Auk Su 6 1 7

Total 54 3 57


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(2) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Moke ka La East Monastery, Moke Ka La

Village, Bago Township, Bago Region


Total Male Female

1 Moke Ka La Moke Ka La 23 10 33

2 Sai Te Sai Te 6 1 7

Total 29 11 40


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(3) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Ka Dut village, Ka Dut Village Tract,

WawTownship, Bago Township, Bago Region


Total Male Female

1 Kadut Kadut 67 8 75

2 Ka Lar Kone Ka Dut 2 0 2

Total 69 8 79


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(4) Attendance lists of Public consultation at Bike Kar village, Hle Lan Ku Village

Tract, Kyaikto Township, Mon State


Total Male Female

1 Sut Pa Nu Sut pa Nu 4 0 4

2 Ka Lun Ka Lun 10 0 10

3 Kyar Inn Lay Ka Lun 5 1 6

4 Sein La Lei Hle Lan Ku 2 0 2

5 Hle Lan Ku Hle Lan Ku 26 8 34

6 Bike Kar Hle Lan Ku 15 3 18

7 Kyaung Ywa Hle Lan Ku 1 0 1

8 Pyin Ka Toe Kone

Pyin Ka Toe Kone 8 0 8

9 Thit Seik Pin Pyin Ka Toe Kone 2 0 2

10 Ma Yan Chaung

Ma Yan Chaung 5 0 5

11 Sit Taung 3 0 3

12 Kyauk Ka Lat 1 0 1

13 Kauk Bain 2 0 2

14 Kyun Taw 2 0 2

15 Ka Mate 1 2 3

Total 87 14 101

Note: Although the meeting schedules started at 1:00 PM, because of the rains and difficulties in

road access (roads were damaged by the recent floods in August), the meeting started at 2:00

PM. For example, Min Ywa Kyaung Su villagers said they came to attend this meeting by boat

since the road access were inaccessible.

Because of the recent heavy flood disasters, farmers were busy with replanting paddy crop,

repairing roads, the recovery stage of the flood disaster; the numbers of participants were fewer

than expected. During the consultation period, it stilled rained continuously, sometimes heavy

rains. In addition, the village leaders, Village Tract Administrators and social workers were busy with emergency services and rescue services.

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K.6. Discussion Sessions

Sr. Questions Answers

(1) 17-08-2018: Northern quarter, Thanatpin Town, Thanatpin Township

Time: 1:00 - 4:00 PM; Place: Dami Kar Yon Monastery

1 U San Shwe Oo, Farmer, Zee Paing Quarter: (1) we want to know about the ADB loan

(2) How the villagers will pass the Highway, overpass and underpass, how many will be constructed?

(3) If the Highway is inaccessible to the locals, is there any arrangement for motorbikes, bullock carts, Trawlergy, etc.?

(1) It will be a “soft” loan under normal ADB conditions.

(2) We proposed more underpasses than the overpasses to cross the Highway. Because it is easier to access for the aged old people, young children and disable persons. It is common that when people do not use the overpass to cross a road, accident can happen.

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(4) What types of vehicles can run on the Highway?

(3) In some places, there will be frontage roads for this purpose.

(4) It is a controlled access road; motor vehicles (cars, buses, lorries, etc.) which have vehicle license, it is a toll - road.

2 U Aung Khaing, Farmer, Zay Paing Quarter:

(1) How many underpasses to pass through the Highway?

(2)How many interchanges in the new Highway?

(1)It was proposed that one underpass per kilometre. There will be about 200 in number including small (2 ½ m x 2 ½ m) and large (6 m x 4 ½ m), box culverts, road bridges and railway bridges.

(2) There will be one interchange at each end and three in the middle, altogether five interchanges.

(2) 18-08-2018: Moke Ka Lar village, Moke Ka La Village Tract, Bago Township

Time: 1:00 - 4:00 PM; Place: Moke Ka La East Monastery

1 U Win Naing, Moke Ka La village, Village Tract Administrator: When you build the underpass, will you consider the streams, small rivers to match with the way?

We want the underpass, not in a regular intervals, e.g., 300 meter apart; we want to be match with existing our paths (village paths and crop production paths, etc.)

2 U Thein Win, farmer, Moke Ka La: How many underpass will be constructed? We are much concerned about flooding because of the new road.

There will be 300 meters apart. We will take care of the existing streams, small rivers and natural drainages, and not to disturb their water flows.

(3) 20-08-2018: Ka Dut village, Ka Dut Village Tract, WawTownship

Time: 11:00 – 1:30 PM; Place: Monastery

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1 U Soe Nyunt, 10 – Household head: We have concerns about the drainages. In our surroundings, there are several dams and embankments, such as Ba Daing, Zaung Tu, Moe Yong Gyi wet land, and etc.

Because of the new road construction, it will block the water ways, creating flooding many areas. How will you manage it?

We want the project to dredge the existing small streams, rivers and natural drains

We will make sure the good and proper drainage system. The all streams, small rivers and natural drains will be taken into consideration not to disturb their water flows.

Because of a new development of a road, it will have impact on environment. Likewise, the environment affects the infrastructure. For example, flood can destroy the new road and disturb the sustainability. It is a major task for dredging the canals and rivers keep the waterway to flow smoothly.

2 U San Hlaing: We welcome the new road, but we are worried for our fields which will be damaged by floods

The engineers and designers will take care of it.

(5) 22-08-2018: Bike Kar village, Village Tract, Kyaikto Township

Time: 9:00 - 12:00 Noon; Place: Monastery

1 There was no question on the environmental issues from the villagers

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K.7. Attendance Sheets for Series 2 Public Consultations

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Attendance Sheet Page 1 of 5 for Thanatpin Meeting 17-August-2018

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Attendance Sheet Page 1 of 3 for Bago Township Meeting 18-August-2018

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L. APPENDIX L Semi Annual Environmental Monitoring Report Template

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Report Purpose and Rationale

B. Project Objective and Components

II. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS

Using most recent project progress report, describe status of project implementation, including full list of contracts, status of contract implementation, name of contractor and CSC, availability of site-EMPs.

III. INSTITUTIONAL SETUP AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPERVISION

A. Institutional responsibilities for environmental management

Describe institutional arrangements and responsibilities for EMP implementation, internal and external monitoring, and reporting, defining roles and capacities of PMU, Engineer, Implementation Consultant, Contractors. (Table format appropriate)

B. Incorporation of Environmental Requirements into Project Contractual Arrangements

Define manner by which EMP requirements are incorporated into contractual arrangements, such as with contractors or other parties.

Indicate when CEMPs were submitted by Contractors, and when these were approved by Engineer/Supervision Consultant (Table format appropriate).

IV. COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENT RELATED PROJECT COVENANTS

List all environment related loan covenants, and assess project’s compliance with the covenants (Table format is appropriate, with concluding statement on compliance or non-compliance, and corrective actions as needed)

V. ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATIONS MEASURES IMPLEMENTED IN THE REPORTING PERIOD

Summarize main mitigation/protection measures implemented in the reporting period (narrative section). Structure in accordance to phases (detailed design, construction preparation, construction, and operation).

Include EMP table or updated EMP table if applicable. Assess compliance of environmental management activities with the original or updated EMP. For that purpose, include an additional column in the EMP entitled “Implementation status and compliance”. E.g. is provided below:

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

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A. Monitoring plan and responsibilities

Present the monitoring plan as defined in the EMP or adjusted monitoring plan. Describe monitoring responsibilities. Differentiate between internal and external/compliance monitoring responsibilities.

B. Environmental quality targets, sampling and analytical methods

Describe environmental quality targets for the different sites and environmental media (e.g. effluent quality standards, ambient air, noise, water quality standards etc). Define analytical methods applied for monitoring.

C. Monitoring Results

1. Emission Discharge (Source) Monitoring Results (if relevant)

a. Results

Table format is appropriate. Discharge levels should be compared to the relevant discharge standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any non-compliance should be highlighted for attention and follow-up.

b. Assessment

Discharge levels should be compared to baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms. Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary. Possible reasons for non-compliance should be identified.

2. Ambient Monitoring Program

a. Results

Table format is appropriate. Ambient environmental conditions should be compared to the relevant ambient standards and/or performance indicators noted in the EMP. Any non-compliance should be highlighted for attention and follow-up.

b. Assessment

Ambient environmental conditions should be compared to the baseline conditions (if baseline data is available) and described in qualitative terms. Additional explanatory comments should be provided as necessary. Possible reasons for non-compliance should be identified.

VII. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

Describe mechanisms established to address and redress public complaints and grievances. Summarize grievances received, if any, and measures implemented to redress them. Describe public consultation activities during the reporting period. Confirm compliance with consultation plan defined in the EIA/EMP, or justify deviation from this plan. Present planned consultation activities in next reporting period.

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VIII. HEALTH AND SAFETY

Describe health and safety management arrangements at project and contract level, including safety supervision and reporting procedures, people assigned (table format appropriate), training provided (table format appropriate), full list of fatal and serious occupational accidents including reference to minutes of investigation report meetings (to be attached).

IX. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND TRAINING

Present training activities conducted in the reporting period (Table format appropriate). Compare training activities with approved training plan defined in EMP/PAM, if any. Present planned training and institutional strengthening activities in next reporting period.

X. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

A. Key Issues Identified, Actions Taken, Additional Actions Required

Include a concise and clearly articulated table that lists (i) all observed non-compliances with the approved EMP or SEMP (both at project and contract level), (ii) corrective actions taken; (iii) implementation responsibility and timeframe.

XI. CONCLUSION

A. Overall Progress of Implementation of Environmental Management Measures

B. Problems Identified and Actions Recommended

XII. APPENDICES

1. Site Inspection / Monitoring Reports

2. Monitoring Results

3. Accidents/Incident investigation meeting minutes

4. Photographs

5. Others

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M. Myanmar policy and legal framework applicable to the Project

The following table lists the main laws, regulations and guidelines pertaining to environmental protection, pollution control, water resources conservation and protection, cultural heritage conservation, occupational safety, social security, labor rights, land acquisition and resettlement that are applicable to this Project. Key articles of those legal documents are included, where relevant.

Laws, Regulation, or Guidelines Applicable to the Project

Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar 2008

The Constitution of the Union of Myanmar is the supreme law of the country and has provisions regarding the protection of the environment in Myanmar. Articles in the Constitution relevant to environmental protection are Articles 37, 45 and 390.

Article 45: The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment

Article 390: Every citizen has the duty to assist the Union in carrying out the following matters : (a) preservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage; (b) environmental conservation; (c) striving for development of human resources; (d) protection and preservation of public property.

Environment

Environmental Policy 1994 To achieve harmony and balance between socio-economic, natural resources and environment through the integration of environmental considerations into the development process enhancing the quality of the life of all its citizens.

Core values: (a)The wealth of the nation is its people, its cultural heritage, its environment and its natural resources. (b)It is the responsibility of the State and every citizen to preserve our natural resources in the interests of present and future generations. (c) Environmental protection should always be the primary objective in seeking development.

National Environmental Policy of Myanmar 2019 (by the Republic of the Union of Myanmar)

To provide long-term guidance for government, civil society, the private sector and development partners on achieving environmental protection and sustainable development objectives in Myanmar. It has been prepared to place environmental considerations at the center of efforts to promote economic and social development, reduce poverty, and mitigate and adapt to climate change and natural disasters.

Myanmar Climate Change Policy 2019 (by the Republic of the Union of Myanmar)

Purpose: To provide long-term direction and guidance to: - Take and promote climate change action on adaptation and

mitigation in Myanmar; - Integrate climate change adaptation and mitigation

considerations into Myanmar’s national priorities and across all levels and sectors in an iterative and progressive manner; and

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- Take decisions to create and maximise opportunities for sustainable, low-carbon, climate-resilient development, ensuring benefits for all.

Environmental Conservation Law 2012 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No.9/2012)

Provides the mandate for Environmental Impact Assessment and assigns the duty and power the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry to develop and implement “a system of environmental impact assessment and social impact assessment as to whether or not a project or activity to be undertaken by any Government department, organization or person may cause a significant impact on the environment”. (Article 7 (m))

The provisions of this law encompass waste management and pollution control, the adoption of environmental quality standards, environmental permitting of projects or activities, management of urban environment and the protection of natural and cultural resources.

Environmental Conservation Rules 2014 (Notification No.50/2014 by Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry)

Chapter XI Environmental Impact Assessment provides for environmental screening and where required – for proponent conduct and environmental impact assessment, and to prepare and submit and environmental impact assessment report to the Ministry

52 The Ministry shall determine the categories of plan, business, service or activity which shall carry out environmental impact assessment.

53. The Ministry may, so as to scrutinize whether or not it is necessary to conduct environmental impact assessment, determine the proposed plans, businesses service or activities which do not include in stipulation under rule 52 as the categories which are required to conduct initial environmental examination.

54. The business, department, organization or person who would carry out categories of plan, business service or activity stipulated under rule 52:

(a) shall conduct environmental impact assessment for his plan, business service or activity;

(b) submit to the Ministry in advance by which organization person or third person, the environmental impact assessment is intended to be carried out;

(c) submit the environmental impact assessment report to the Ministry.

Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure 2015 (Notification No. 616/2015 by Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry)

Provides the procedures for environmental screening, scoping, preparation of an IEE, preparation of EIA, preparation of and Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC).

Delineates responsibilities for monitoring compliance with Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) and ECCs.

Draft General Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines by

To guide Project Proponents and their EIA consultants in the conduct of both IEE and EIA, and to ensure that these assessments include adequate Project descriptions, assessment

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Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation

of potential impact significance, and mitigation measures using sound, professional and scientific tools and methods.

National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines 2015 (Notification No. 615/2015 by Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry)

Provides emission and effluent discharges levels permitted for different sectors and technologies.

Article 6: Chapter II Implementation Procedure: Provisions of these Guidelines shall be reflected in Project environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental compliance certificate (ECC) and together constitute a Project’s commitment to take necessary measures to avoid, minimize and control adverse impacts to human health and safety, and the environment through reducing the total amount of emissions generation; to adopting process modifications, including waste minimization to lower the load of pollutants requiring treatment; and as necessary, to apply treatment techniques to further reduce the load of contaminants prior to release or discharge.

2. Article 12: Projects shall engage in continuous, proactive and comprehensive self-monitoring of the Project and comply with applicable guidelines and standards. Projects shall be responsible for the monitoring of their compliance with general and applicable industry-specific guidelines as specified in the Project EMP and ECC.

Article 13: Air emissions, noise, odor, and liquid / effluent discharges will be sampled and measured at points of compliance as specified in the Project EMP and ECC.

Annex A (2.6.8 Roads): The guideline applies to construction, operation and maintenance of large, sealed road Projects including associated bridges and overpasses.

National Ambient Surface Water Quality Standard (in preparation)

According to the article 7(d) and article 10 of the Environmental Conservation Law (2012) and Chapter VII of the Environmental Conservation rules (2014), the Ministry will sets environmental guidelines for ambient water quality.

Forest Law 2018 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 29/2018)

In September 2018, the revised Forest Law, which replaces the 1992 Forest Law, was enacted. The updated Law includes nine objectives to support the protection of forests, related biodiversity and ecosystems services, conservation initiatives, and sustainable management of forests, and more emphasis is put on managing community forests in a sustainable matter.

Article 8. (a) A standing teak tree wherever situated in the State is owned by the State.

Article 12. Whoever, within a forest land and forest covered land at the disposal Government: (a) is desirous of carrying out any development work or economic scheme shall obtain the prior approval of the Ministry; (c) the development work or economic scheme described in article 12 (a) shall comply with the Environmental Conservation Law and other relevant laws

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The Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law 2018 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 12/2018)

This law replaces the Law on Protection of Wildlife and Conservation of Natural Areas (1994). The objectives of this Law are as follows: (a) to implement biodiversity strategy and policy of the State or Union (b) to implement the Government policy on conservation of protected areas; (c) to carry out protection and conservation of wild animals, wild plants, ecosystems and migratory animals in accordance with International Conventions agreed by the State; (d) to regulate trade of wild animals and wild plants or their parts, derivatives or products; (e) to protect geo-physically unique areas, endangered wild animals and wild plants and their natural habitats; (f) to contribute to natural scientific research and environmental education activities; (g) to protect wild animals and wild plants by establishing zoological and botanical gardens.

Pollution prevention of water resources

The Conservation of Water Resources and Rivers Law 2006 and Amending Law 2017 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 11/2017)

This law aims to conserve and protect water resources and rivers for use by the public and to protect against polluting of waterways.

Article 6 : The powers of the Directorate are: (c) issuing recommendation to the relevant government department and organization in respect of application for construction and maintenance of buildings and bridges in the river-creek boundary, bank boundary and waterfront boundary; (g) issuing recommendation to the relevant government department and organization after scrutiny as to whether or not the waterways of the riverscreeks can be affected adversely, on the application to grant permit for business of sand suction, sand dredging, sand excavating, rivers shingle suction in river-creek boundary, bank boundary and waterfront boundary;

Article 30: Any government department and organization or any person desirous of constructing drainage, utilizing river water intake, constructing bridges spanning rivers, connecting underground pipe, connecting underground electric power cable, connecting underground telecom cable or digging in rivers and creeks, bank boundary and waterfront boundary, under the requirement of work, shall in order not to adversely affect the water resources and rivers and creeks, carry out only after obtaining the approval of the Ministry.

Article 31: The relevant Ministry, government department and organization shall, in respect of works contained in sub-sections (c) and (g) of section 6, grant permission on works that may be permitted under their authority only when the recommendation of the Directorate has been obtained, in order not to adversely affect the water resources, rivers-creeks and watercourses.

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The Freshwater Fisheries Law 1991 (The State Law and Order Restoration Council Law No.1/91)

The law is mainly concerned with the exploitation of freshwater fish resources and prohibits the pollution of waters important for freshwater fisheries.

Article 36: No one shall erect, construct place, maintain or we any obstruction such as a dam, bank or weir in a freshwater fisheries waters without the permission of the Department.

Article 40: No one shall cause harassment of fish and other aquatic organisms or pollution of the water in a freshwater fisheries waters.

Article 41: No one shall alter the quality of water, volume of water or the water -course in a leasable fishery, reserved fishery and creeks contiguous thereto or in water-courses.

Myanma Marine Fisheries Law 1990 and Amending Law 1993 (The State Law and Order Restoration Council Law No.16/93)

The law provides systematic exploitation of fish, conservation and protection of marine fish resources and prevents pollution of marine water.

Article 39: No person shall dispose of living aquatic creatures or any material into the Myanmar Marine Fisheries Waters to cause pollution of water or to harass fishes and other marine organisms.

Investment

Myanmar Investment Law 2016 and Amending Law 2019 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 19/2019)

The law has 9 objectives and one of them is: (a) to develop responsible investment businesses which do not cause harm to the natural environment and the social environment for the interest of the Union and its citizens. Some sub-articles regarding responsibilities of Investors in Article 65 are: (a) shall respect and comply with the customs, traditions and traditional culture of the ethnic groups in the Union; (e) shall immediately inform the Commission if it is found that natural mineral resources or antique objects and treasure trove not related to the investment (f) shall not make any significant alteration of topography or elevation of the land on which he is entitled to lease or to use, without the approval of the Commission (g) shall abide by the applicable laws, rules, procedures and best standards practiced internationally for this investment so as not to cause damage, pollution, and loss to the natural and social environment and not to cause damage to cultural heritage (j) shall pay wages and salaries to employees in accordance with applicable laws, rules, procedures, directives and so forth during the period of suspension of investment for a credible reason; (k) shall pay compensation and indemnification in accordance with applicable laws to the relevant employee or his successor for injury, disability, disease and death due to the work; (l) shall supervise foreign experts, supervisors and their families, who employ in its investment, to abide by the applicable laws, rules, orders and directives, and the culture and traditions of Myanmar; (m) shall respect and comply with the labor laws;

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(o) shall pay effective compensation for loss incurred to the victim, if there is damage to the natural environment and socioeconomic losses caused by logging or extraction of natural resources which are not related to the scope of the permissible investment, except from carrying out the activities required to conduct investment in a Permit or an Endorsement (q) shall take in advance a Permit or an Endorsement of the Commission for the investments which need to obtain prior approval under the Environmental Conservation Law and the procedures of environmental impact assessment, before undertaking the assessment. Such investments shall be submitted the situation of environmental and social impact assessment to the Commission during the permitted investment period. Article 71: In conducting their investment activities, the investor shall carry out health assessments, cultural heritage impact assessments, environmental impact assessments and social impact assessments according to the type of investment activities in accordance with the relevant laws, rules, regulations and procedures.

Myanmar Investment Rules 2017, Amending 2018 (Notification No. 76/2018 by Ministry of Planning and Finance)

The rules provide the responsible business compliance with Environmental Conservation Law and EIA Procedure to prevent environment and social impact.

Article 5: For the provision of subsection (c) of section 36 of the Law, an investment shall be deemed to have a large impact on the environment and the local community if it conforms to any of the following stipulations:

(a) being or being likely to be a type of project required Environmental Impact Assessment;

(b) being the investment business located in designated or proposed a protected area, forest reserved area, Key Biodiversity Area or areas selected and specified to support the ecosystem services and cultural and natural heritage, cultural monuments and unspoiled natural areas proposed or specified under the existing laws, procedures and notifications, including the Environmental Conservation Law.

Chapter VI: Submission and Assessment of Proposal: Article 64: In assessing the proposal, the Commission shall consider objectives, principles, rights and responsibilities of the Law, emphasizing on the interest of the Union. In assessing the investor and investment proposal, the Commission shall consider whether or not the following criteria are met with:

(d) demonstrating a commitment to carry out the investment in a responsible and sustainable manner by reducing and avoiding any adverse environmental and social impacts by the investor; such commitment without limiting environmental conservation actions, compliance with environmental conservation policies and human right, and application of effective technology for natural resource and practices of waste management strategy being included

Chapter XX: Responsibilities of Investors:

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Article 189: After obtaining the permit, the investor who requires environmental and social impact assessments shall submit the required performances on environmental and social impact assessments to the Commission along the course of operating business.

Article 190: Investor involved in subsection (q) of section 65 of the Law shall submit the confirmation of implementation of initial environmental impact assessment, reporting of the environmental impact assessment, taking the applicable certification of environmental conservation, and carrying out environmental management programme in accordance with Environmental Conservation Law, rules and procedures of environmental impact assessment. The Commission shall make the decision whether or not to continue the investment based on its compliance.

Health and Occupational safety

The Union of Myanmar Public Health Law 1972 (The Union of Burma Revolutionary Council Law No. 1/1972)

It is concerned with protection of people’s health by controlling the quality and cleanliness of food, drugs, environmental sanitation, epidemic diseases and regulation of private clinics. The Public Health Law empowers the Government of the Union of Myanmar to carry out measures relating to environmental health, such as garbage disposal, use of water for drinking and other purposes, radioactivity, protection of air from pollution, sanitation works and food and drug safety. (Article 3)

The Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases Law 1995, Amending Law 2011 (The State, Peace and Development Council Law No. 16/2011)

The law describes functions and responsibilities of health personnel and citizens in relation to prevention and control of communicable diseases. It also describes measures to be taken in relation to environmental sanitation, reporting and control of outbreaks of epidemics and penalties for those failing to comply.

Occupational Safety and Health Law 2019 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 8/2019)

The law intends to promote safe and secure working environment for the labourers and workers. It also provides prevention of air and water pollution and to improve safety at worksites, including fire prevention, and the requirement for construction workers to use protective equipment, ensuring the safety of worksite operators and taking precautions for natural disasters.

Article 3: The objectives of the law are: (a) To implement Occupational Safety and Health matters

effectively in the respective Industries/Businesses; (b) To determine the duties of relevant persons applicable

under this law including Employers and Workers to lessen and mitigate occurrence of Occupational Diseases and Occupational Accidents;

(c) To cause relevant persons applicable under this law, Employers and Workers to take precaution and prevention against occupational hazards and Occupational Diseases;

(d) To improve the productivity and health of workers by preventing the occurrence of Occupational Accidents and Occupational Diseases for their safety;

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(e) To create Workplaces that are safe and good for health by prescribing the Occupational Safety and Health standards relevant to the Union’s status after considering international and regional standards; and (f) To support and help research activities carried out for the

development of Occupational Safety and Health matters.

Protection of Ethnic Nationalities and Cultural Property

The Ethnic Rights Protection Law 2015 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No.8/2015)

To obtain equal citizen’s rights for all ethnic groups and to preserve and develop their language, literature, arts, culture, custom, national character and historical heritage.

Article 5: The matters of projects shall completely be informed, coordinated and performed with the relevant local ethnic groups in the case of development works, major projects, businesses and extraction of natural resources will be implemented within the area of ethnic groups.

The Protection and Preservation of Cultural Heritage Regions Law 2019 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No.6/2019)

The purpose is to protect cultural heritages and cultural heritage therein so as not to deteriorate due to natural disaster, man-made, trees, pests, birds and animals. - Prior permission is required for building road, constructing bridge, irrigation canal and embankment or extending the same within the cultural heritage region (Article 21.a(4)) and also permission is required within buffer area (Article 21.b(1).

- No person shall, without prior permission granted under this law by state/regional preservation committee, carry out any of the following within cultural heritage region and buffer zone: road extension, improvement, etc (Article 31 and 32)

The Protection and Preservation of Antique Objects Law 2015 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 43/2015)

The purpose is to protect and preserve antique objects so as not to deteriorate due to natural disaster or man-made destruction. Article 12: The person who finds any object which has no owner or custodian, he shall promptly inform the relevant Ward or Village-Tract Administrator if he knows or it seems reasonable to assume that the said object is an antique object.

The Protection and Preservation of Ancient Monuments Law 2015 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 51/2015)

The purpose is to search and maintain ancient monuments and to protect and preserve ancient monuments so as not to deteriorate due to natural disaster or man-made destruction.

Article 12: If a person who finds an ancient monument of over one hundred years old and above or under the ground or above or under the water which has no owner or custodian knows or it seems reasonable to assume that the said monument is an ancient monument, he shall promptly inform the relevant Ward or Village-Tract Administrative Office.

Article 15: A person desirous of any of the followings within the specified area of an ancient monument shall apply to get prior permission to the Department:

(c) digging to search petroleum, natural gas, gem or mineral, piping petroleum and natural gas, constructing factories,

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connecting national grid, constructing communication tower, constructing or extending infrastructures such as road, bridge, airfield, irrigation and embankment;

(f) gold sieving, digging, burning bricks, digging well, lake, creek, ditch, gully, pit digging, refilling, levelling, mining, quarry, gravel digging and unearth sand, removing the mounds and hills which can damage the physical feature of the land;

Land Law and Land Tenures

Land Acquisition Act 1894 and Amending Law 1954 (India Act 1/1894)

The Land Acquisition Act of 1894 establishes the basis for the state to acquire land for public use and is yet to be superseded by more recent legislation. The law specifies a systematic approach for acquisition and compensation of land and other properties for development Projects. It stipulates actions related to notifications, surveys, acquisition, and compensation and entitlements, along with disputes resolution, penalties and exemptions. The law also provides for disclosure of information on surveys to affected persons.

Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Law 2019 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 24/2019)

The new law is to replace the colonial-era Land Acquisition Act (1894) as well as to provide a legal framework for resettlement and rehabilitation for the first time in Myanmar.

Its provisions are applicable to all matters relating to the acquisition of land, payment of compensation and damages, resettlement and socioeconomic rehabilitation with regards to the use, control and management of land for public purpose.

Farm Land Law 2012 and Amending Law 2020 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 2/2020)

Under the Farmland Law 2012 the State remains the ultimate owner of all land. It results in farmers lacking land tenure security and being required to follow government’s crop prescriptions and production quotas. The main concerns include protection for farmers from losing land to locally approved investment projects, and the efficient use of land and water resources. The government recognizes the need for Myanmar to have comprehensive sustainable land use and management policies in order to develop and improve living conditions and incomes in rural communities.

Article 26: The Central Administrative Body of the Farm Land shall give compensation not to grieve for the matters carried out by the person who has the original right to carry out the farm land including the land confiscated for the interests of the State or the public interests and improvement by building on such land in accordance with the existing law.

Article 32: In confiscating the farm land for the projects of the State interests, only the required minimum area shall be confiscated in accordance with the existing law.

Labor Laws

Labour Organization Law 2011 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 7/2011)

The law aims to protect the rights of the workers, to have good relations among the workers or between the employer and the worker, and to enable to form and carry out the labour organizations systematically and independently.

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The rights and responsibilities of Labour Organization are described in Chapter V (Article 17-23) and duties of employers described in Chapter VII (Article 29-31).

Settlement of Labour Dispute Law 2012 and Amending Law 2014 and 2019 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 17/2019)

The law aims for safeguarding the right of workers or having good relationship between employer and workers and making peaceful workplace or obtaining the rights fairly, rightfully and quickly by settling the dispute of employer and worker justly.

Article 38: No employer shall fail to negotiate and coordinate in respect of the complaint within the prescribed period without sufficient cause.

Article 39. No employer shall alter the conditions of service relating to workers concerned in such dispute at the consecutive period before commencing the dispute within the period under investigation of the dispute before the Arbitration Body or Tribunal, to affect the interest of such workers immediately.

Article 39 (a): No worker shall act to reduce production or to the interests of other workers while the dispute is resolved.

Article 40: No party shall proceed to lock-out or strike without accepting negotiation, conciliation and arbitration by Arbitration Body in accord with this law in respect of a dispute

Employment and Skills Development Law 2013 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 29/2013)

This law was enforced in 2013 by replacing the Employment and Training Act, 1950, and stipulates obligations to conclude an employment contract, items required to be mentioned in an employment contract and other relevant matters.

Article 5.(a): (1) After the employer has employed a worker for any job, he shall within 30 days of so doing, sign a Contract of Employment with the worker. This clause however shall not apply to permanent workers of government departments and organizations. The detail information that must include in signing employment agreement under section 5 (b).

Article 14: Employer shall conduct occupational training to enhance the skills of workers who are to be employed as well as workers who are presently employed in accordance with the requirements of the enterprise and the policy of the Skills Development Agency.

The employer has to put the skill development fund monthly as put in contribution pay without fail for to total wages under Article 30 of said law.

Social Security Law 2012 Came into force 1 April 2014 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 15/2012)

The Law was enacted in 2012, as revised the Social Security Act, 1954.

The objectives of the law are: (a) Causing to support the development of the State’s economy through the increase of production to enjoy more security in social life and health care of workers who are major productive force of the Union by the collective guaranty of the employer, worker and the Union for enabling to fulfill health and social needs of the workers;

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(b) Causing to enjoy more security in social life and health care by the public by their voluntary insurance;

(c) Causing to raise public reliance upon the social security system by providing benefits which are commensurate with the realities;

(d) Causing to have the right to draw back some of the contributions paid by the employers and the workers as savings, in accord with the stipulations;

(e) Causing to obtain the right to continued medical treatment, family assistance benefit, invalidity benefit, superannuation benefit, survivors’ benefit, unemployment benefit, the right to residency and ownership of housing after retirement in addition to health care and pecuniary benefit for sickness, maternity, decease and employment injury of the workers.

The Leave and Holiday Act 1951 and amending law 1958, 1963, 1964, 2006, and 2014. (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 30/2014)

This act was enacted in 1951 and amended in 2014. This act stipulates leave and holidays and applies to all kinds of business (Article 2(2) of the Leave and Holidays Act). This act applies not only to permanent employees but temporary workers and daily workers.

The Minimum Wage Law 2013, (Notification No. 2/2015).

The law was enacted in 2013, as revised the Minimum Wages Act, 1949. The purpose is to meet with the essential needs of the workers, and their families, who are working at the commercial, production and service, agricultural and livestock breeding businesses and with the purpose of increasing the capacity of the workers and for the development of competitiveness.

Chapter VII described the duties of employers and Chapter VIII is the rights of the workers relating to the minimum wages.

The Payment of Wages Law 2016 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 17/2016)

This act was enacted in 2016, as replacing the payment of wages act (1936). It is aiming at preventing delay of wage payment and unlawful deduction from wages. The date and manner of wage payment, items the employer has the right to deduct from wages and others related to payment of wage are stipulated in the act.

The following are relevant with the project: Chapter II: Methods and time of payment of wages Chapter III: Deduction from wages Chapter IV: Overtime wages Chapter VII: Prohibitions

The Workmen’s Compensation Law 1923 and Amending 1955, 1957 and 2005 (The State, Peace and Development Council, Law No 4/2005)

The law aims to ensure the compensations to injured employee while implementing in line with the above law and pay the prescribed compensations in various kinds of injury.

Transportation

The Motor Vehicle Law 2015 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 55/2015)

The law is enacted in 2015, as replacing 1964 motor vehicle law. The law covers the registration of motor vehicles, licenses for owning motor vehicles, motor vehicle insurance, driving licenses, control of traffic speed, and offences and penalties for violations.

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It also promotes safety through a stricter driving process, to resolve existing traffic problems, and to tackle air pollution caused by automobiles.

The Highways Law 2000, Amending Law 2014 and 2015 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 62/2015)

The law is enacted in 2000, as replacing the Highways Act 1907. The law aims to foster improved communication and transportation between states and regions, and to support the construction of highways that connect neighbouring countries. The law explicitly defines the duties and authorities of the Ministry of Construction (Chapter III, Article 4) as well as the Department of Highways (Chapter IV, Article 5-6). It also details penalties, which include fines, jail terms of up to three years, or both, for offences related to building or damaging property within highway boundaries.

The Expressways Law and Amending Law 2015 (The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 60/2015)

The objectives of this Law are: (a) to carry out the construction, extension, maintenance of the expressways, and management, supervision of motor vehicle traffic, and the collection of tolls systematically; (b) to carry out continuously for the safety of the users of the expressways and matters relating to road safety; (c) to develop the socio-economic life and to increase the living standard of the citizens, to lower transport cost by causing speedy and smooth flow of passengers and goods through using the expressways; (d) to enable to increase and carry out the development activities of the State in momentum by networking the expressways with the expressways of the countries in the region.

Chapter III: Functions and Power of the Ministry Article 5: The Ministry has the right to exercise the following powers to implement this Law:

(f) cooperating and coordinating, with the relevant Ministries for land acquisition and removal of the building in carrying out the construction and extension of the expressways in accordance with law.

(i) causing to assess the environment, social and health impacts, carrying out works for conservation and protection of environment to enable to construct the expressways;

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N. References

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Aung, P. P., Tun, T. A., Tun, A. M., Oo, A. N., Htet, M. T., Soe, R. N., . . . Aung, K. T. (2016). Monitoring Programme for Critically Endangered Spoon-Billed Sandpiper on its Globally most Important Wintering Grounds in Myanmar. BANCA.

BirdLife International. (2019). Species factsheet: Aythya baeri. Retrieved 2019, from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/baers-pochard-aythya-baeri/details

Birdlife International. (2019). Species factsheet: Emberiza aureola. Retrieved February 23, 2019, from http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellow-breasted-bunting-emberiza-aureola/details

Clark, N. A., Anderson, G. Q., Li, J., Syroechkovskiy, E. E., Tomkovich, P. S., Zockler, C., . . . Green, R. E. (2016). First formal estimate of the world population of the Critically Endangered spoon-billed sandpiper Calidris pygmaea. Oryx, pp. 1-10.

EAAFP. (2019). Baer’s Pochard Task Force. Retrieved 02 23, 2019, from https://www.eaaflyway.net/project/baers-pochard-task-force/

Government of Myanmar. (2015). National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines. Government of Myanmar.

IFC/WBG. (2007b). Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines: General EHS Guidance. International Finance Corporation/World Bank Group.

IFC/WBG. (2012). Guidance Notes: Performance Standards on Environmental and Social Sustainability. World Bank Group.

Zöckler, C., Beresford, A. E., Bunting, G., Chowdhury, S. U., Clark, N. A., Wing Kan Fu, V., . . . Buchanan, G. M. (2016). The winter distribution of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris pygmaeus. Bird Conservation International, pp. 1-10.