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INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
For Environmental Clearance Ligno- Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant
At
Gram Panchayat Baholi , Panipat Refinery Road ,
District Panipat, Haryana.
Category:-A, as per EIA notification dated 14/09/2006
[Schedule no. : 5(g) Distillery]
Technology Partner
PRAJ INDUSTRIES LIMITED, PUNE
Corporate Office :
'Praj Tower', 274 & 275, Bhumkar Chowk-Hinjewadi Road,
Hinjewadi, Pune-411057
Consultant appointed by Praj –
ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PVT.LTD.
Corporate Office:
ABC Tower 400, 13th Street,SIDCO Industrial Estate (North Phase),
Ambattur – 600 098, Chennai Land Mark: Near National Productivity Council.
Ph: 9566187777
Mumbai Office:
A-355, Balaji Bhavan, Plot No. 42 A, Sector 11, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai – 400614. Maharashtra, India, Tel: 022 27580044
www.abctechnolab.com [email protected]
Page 2 of 180
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
Index
1.1 Applicability of EIA ..................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Environmental Settings: ............................................................................................................................. 9
1.3 Process Operations involved at the plant ................................................................................................... 9
The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: .............................................................. 9
Biomass Storage ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing. ........................................................................ 9
1.6.3 Risk Reduction Measures ...................................................................................................................... 12
1.12 Economic Importance: ........................................................................................................................... 14
1.13Social Importance ................................................................................................................................... 14
STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE ........................................................................................ 16
CHAPTER 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 25
INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 25
1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 25
1.2 Purpose of Project ............................................................................................................................. 25
1.3 Market Scenario ................................................................................................................................ 26
1.3.1 Global Ethanol Scenario: ......................................................................................................................... 26
1.3.2 Indian Ethanol Scenario:.......................................................................................................................... 26
Some of the key ethanol industry updates: ..................................................................................................... 28
1.3.3 Indian biomass (agricultural crop residues) availability .......................................................................... 28
1.3.4 Economic Importance: ............................................................................................................................ 29
1.3.5 Social Importance .................................................................................................................................... 29
1.3.6 Environmental Importance ..................................................................................................................... 30
1.4 Need of EIA .............................................................................................................................................. 30
1.5 Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................................. 30
1.6 Approach and Methodology .................................................................................................................... 31
1.7 Environmental Settings of the site ........................................................................................................... 32
1.8 Location of the Project ............................................................................................................................. 32
1.9 EIA Report Presentation .......................................................................................................................... 36
Page 3 of 180
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
CHAPTER 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 38
PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................... 38
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 38
2.2 Project Location ....................................................................................................................................... 38
2.3 Technical Details of the Plant ................................................................................................................... 41
2.4 Process Operations involved at the plant ................................................................................................. 42
The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: ............................................................ 42
Biomass Storage .................................................................................................................................... 42
Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing. ...................................................................... 42
Table2.5: Basis of Design for considering 100 KLPD Plant .............................................................................. 44
Table 2.6 : Requirement of Inputs: ................................................................................................................. 44
STEAM CONSUMPTION ................................................................................................................ 44
TOTAL ELECTRICAL LOAD (ESTIMATED) ............................................................................. 44
2.7 Process Description .................................................................................................................................. 44
2.7.1 Material Handling, Milling & Wet Washing Section: ............................................................................... 44
2.7.2 Pre Treatment Section ............................................................................................................................ 45
2.7.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Co Fermentation Section: .............................................................................. 46
2.7.4 Co -fermentation Section: ....................................................................................................................... 46
2.7.5 Distillation Section: ................................................................................................................................. 47
2.7.6 Dehydration Section: ............................................................................................................................... 47
2.7.7 Solid -Liquid Separation ........................................................................................................................... 48
2.7.8 Thin Slop Evaporation ............................................................................................................................. 48
2.7.9 Process Condensate Polishing Unit ......................................................................................................... 48
2.10 Output ................................................................................................................................................... 48
2.10 Estimated Capital Investment ................................................................................................................ 49
CHAPTER 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 50
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 50
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 50
3.2 Scope of Baseline Study ........................................................................................................................... 50
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
3.3 Climate and Meteorology ........................................................................................................................ 52
3.3.1 Temperature ........................................................................................................................................... 53
3.3.2 Relative Humidity .................................................................................................................................... 53
3.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure ............................................................................................................................. 53
3.3.4 Rainfall ..................................................................................................................................................... 53
3.4 Topography and Geology ......................................................................................................................... 54
3.4.1 Topography ............................................................................................................................................. 54
3.4.2 Geology ................................................................................................................................................... 54
3.5 Ambient Air Quality ................................................................................................................................. 55
3.5.1 Methodology for Monitoring and Analysis ............................................................................................. 55
3.5.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations .............................................................................................. 56
3.5.4 Status of Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................................................. 57
3.6 Water Environment ................................................................................................................................. 67
3.6.1 Ground Water Quality ............................................................................................................................. 67
3.7 Noise Environment .................................................................................................................................. 75
3.7.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring ...................................................................................................................... 75
3.7.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area ................................................................................................................ 75
3.8 Soil Environment ...................................................................................................................................... 76
3.8.1 Field Study, Sampling and Analysis ......................................................................................................... 76
3.8.2 Selection of Sampling Locations .............................................................................................................. 76
3.8.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 77
3.8.5 Observation ............................................................................................................................................. 78
3.9 Socio Economic Environment ................................................................................................................... 79
3.9.1 Demographic Aspects .............................................................................................................................. 80
3.9.2 Infrastructure Facilities ........................................................................................................................... 81
3.9.3 Traffic Analysis......................................................................................................................................... 82
3.10 Ecology .............................................................................................................................................. 84
3.10.1 Study Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 84
3.10.2 Terrestrial Ecology ................................................................................................................................. 84
3.10.3 Aquatic Ecology ..................................................................................................................................... 86
CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 95
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............... 95
Air Environment .................................................................................................................................... 96
Water Environment ............................................................................................................................... 96
Noise Environment ................................................................................................................................ 96
Soil/ Land Environment ......................................................................................................................... 96
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
Biological Environment .......................................................................................................................... 96
Socioeconomic Environment ................................................................................................................. 96
Occupational health and Safety Environment ....................................................................................... 96
MITIGATION MEASURES: ............................................................................................................ 99
AIR ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ......................................................................... 100
MITIGATION MEASURES: ......................................................................................................... 100
TABLE 4.2: GENERAL COMPOSITION OF RICE HUSK, RICE STRAW AND INDIAN
COAL ................................................................................................................................................ 101
MITIGATION MEASURES: ......................................................................................................... 105
WATER ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ................................................................. 105
LAND ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) .................................................................... 107
MITIGATION MEASURES: ......................................................................................................... 108
4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) .................................................... 108
MITIGATION MEASURES: ......................................................................................................... 108
NOISE ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) .................................................................... 109
MITIGATION MEASURES: ......................................................................................................... 109
IMPACT FROM TRANSPORTATION OF RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED PRODUCTS
.......................................................................................................................................................... 109
TABLE 4.6: TYPES OF VEHICLES, FREQUENCY ON NH- NEAR PROJECT SITE ......... 110
4.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ....................................... 110
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...................................................... 110
4.7 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) .............................. 111
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) .............................................. 111
4.8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX ....................................................................................... 112
TABLE 4.7: IMPACT MATRIX OF PROPOSED PROJECT .................................................. 113
CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................................... 117
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................ 117
5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 117
5.2 Site Justification ..................................................................................................................................... 117
a) Availability of Required Land...................................................................................................................... 117
b) Feed Stock source, availability. .................................................................................................................. 117
c) Site approach .............................................................................................................................................. 117
d) Topography / Nature of terrain ................................................................................................................. 117
e) Availability of water ................................................................................................................................... 118
f) Environmental Considerations .................................................................................................................... 118
5.3 Alternative for risk reduction in industry: ............................................................................................. 118
CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................................... 120
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ............................................................................... 120
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 120
6.2. Monitoring Plan .................................................................................................................................... 121
Environmental Components that will be monitored : ................................................................................... 122
Meteorology ................................................................................................................................................... 122
Gaseous Emissions and Ambient Air Quality .................................................................................................. 122
Water and Waste Water Quality .................................................................................................................... 122
6.3. Sampling Schedule ................................................................................................................................ 122
Maintenance of Flora & Fauna ....................................................................................................................... 127
Waste Management ....................................................................................................................................... 127
Soil quality monitoring ................................................................................................................................... 127
6.4 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan: ......................................................................................... 127
CHAPTER 7 .................................................................................................................................... 128
ADDITIONAL STUDIES: RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
.......................................................................................................................................................... 128
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 128
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
7.2. Risk Assessment .................................................................................................................................... 128
7.2.1 Salient Feature of Risk Mitigation ......................................................................................................... 129
7.2.2 Identification of Risks ............................................................................................................................ 129
7.3. Fire and Explosion Index ....................................................................................................................... 132
7.3.1 Computations and Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Index ................................................................... 133
7.4. Consequence Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 134
7.5. Risk Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................................................... 134
7.5.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency .................................................................................... 135
7.6. Methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCA) ........................................................................ 135
7.7. Factors Influencing the Use of Physical Effect Models ........................................................................... 135
7.7.1 Models for the Calculation of Heat Load and Shock Waves ................................................................. 136
7.7.2 Ignition of a Gas Cloud ......................................................................................................................... 137
7.7.3 Burning Torch ........................................................................................................................................ 137
7.7.4 Injuries resulting from Flammable Liquids and Gases ........................................................................... 137
7.7.5 Damage Models for Heat Radiation ...................................................................................................... 137
7.7.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ........................ 138
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY (OPERATION PHASE) .......................................... 138
7.8 Safety Equipment ................................................................................................................................. 139
7.9 Risk Reduction Measures ...................................................................................................................... 140
7.10 Disaster Management and Emergency Plan ......................................................................................... 140
7.11 Type of Disaster at IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) complex ...................................... 141
7.12 Level of accident ................................................................................................................................. 141
7.13 Critical Targets during Emergency ........................................................................................................ 142
Level - I Accidents ........................................................................................................................................... 142
Level - II Accidents .......................................................................................................................................... 142
7.14 Site Emergency Control Room (SECR) & Site main controller ............................................................... 142
7.15 Disaster Preventive Measures .............................................................................................................. 143
7.16 Fire Fighting Arrangements .................................................................................................................. 144
7.17 Location Type Of Fire Extinguishers- ................................................................................................... 145
7.18 Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 145
7.19 Alarm System to be followed during disaster ...................................................................................... 145
Page 8 of 180
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
CHAPTER 8 .................................................................................................................................... 151
PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................................... 151
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 151
8.1.1 Economic Importance: ........................................................................................................................ 151
8.1.2 Social Importance ............................................................................................................................... 151
8.1.3 Environmental Importance ................................................................................................................. 152
CHAPTER 9 .................................................................................................................................... 153
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................ 153
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 153
9.2 Objectives of EMP .................................................................................................................................. 153
9.3 Environment Management Plan for Construction Phase ........................................................................ 153
9.4 Environment Management Plan For Operation Phase ..................................................................... 154
9.4.1 Air Pollution Management .............................................................................................................. 154
9.4.2 Noise pollution management .......................................................................................................... 156
9.4.3 Waste Water Treatment ................................................................................................................. 157
9.4.4 Land Environment/ Solid hazardous waste management ................................................................ 160
9.4.5 Greenbelt development .................................................................................................................. 161
9.4.6 Odor Management Plan .................................................................................................................. 165
9.4.7 Management of traffic .................................................................................................................... 165
9.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting .................................................................................................................... 165
9.4.9 Storm water collection and discharge system ................................................................................. 166
9.4.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) ........................................................................................ 166
9.4.11 Socio economic development ..................................................................................................... 168
9.4.12 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC) ................................................................................ 170
TABLE 9.8: EMP BUDGET ......................................................................................................... 171
Page 9 of 180
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Introduction
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) (Panipat) proposes to install a biomass based ethanol second
generation 100 KLPD capacity in its existing premises. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) has
selected Praj Industry Limited as Licensor and Consultant for 100 KLPD biomass based 2G Ethanol
plant. This will attract Environmental Clearance under EIA notification 2006. In this regard, M/s ABC
Techno Labs India Private Limited (ABC Techno Labs), NABET Accredited Environmental Consultant
Organization, has been engaged to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the
proposed project at IOCL Panipat.
1.1 Applicability of EIA
The proposed project-installation of 100 KLPD biomass (Non Food) based 2G Ethanol plant is falling
under Schedule 5(g)-Distilleries of EIA notification, 2006. Environment clearance would be obtained
by Ministry of Environment & Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) through Expert Appraisal
Committee (EAC).
1.2 Environmental Settings:
The project is influenced by study area is mostly plain terrain. Nearest highway, airport and city is NH
1 : 10 KM (approx.), Indira Gandhi International Airport-140 km (approx.), Panipat – 23
km(approx.)The detailed information is given in Chapter 1.
1.3 Process Operations involved at the plant
The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations:
I. BIOMASS PREPARATION SECTION:
Biomass Storage
Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing.
II. MAIN PROCESS PLANT:
Pre-treatment
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Co-Fermentation
Distillation
Dehydration
III. RESIDUE HANDLING SECTION:
Solid Liquid Separation
Evaporation
Page 10 of 180
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
Process Condensate Treatment Plant
IV. UTILITIES & AUXILIARIES:
Boiler
Water Treatment Plant
Chemical Storage
Cooling Tower
Air Compressor
Product Storage
Enzyme and ADY Storage
Electrical System from grid to individual consumer
Control System- DCS
V. OFF-SITE PACKAGES:
Fire Fighting System
Weigh Bridge
1.4 Description of Environment
1.4.1 Air Environment
To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the air quality was
monitored at Eight (8) locations. The maximum and minimum values of Ambient Air Quality
monitored. Results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in
general is in conformity with respect to the norms of National Ambient Air Quality standards
(NAAQS) of CPCB, with present level of activities.
Observations
PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 95.76 g/m3 and
77 g/m3 respectively.
PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 58.3 g/m3 and
47.7 g/m3 respectively.
SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 25.4g/m3 and 18
g/m3.
Page 11 of 180
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
NOx: The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 35.15 g/m3 and 26
g/m3.
1.4.2 Water Environment
Seven (7) groundwater samples and three (3) surface water samples within the study area were
considered for assessment. The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges
in between 7.4-8.6, TDS ranges from 257mg/l – 487 mg/l, total hardness ranges from 189 mg/l – 391
mg/l, nitrate content ranges from 3.5mg/l – 8.2 mg/l was observed.
The analysis of surface water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 7.4– 7.8, TDS is
172-235 mg/l, total hardness is 105-135mg/l.
1.4.3 Noise Environment
The noise level in residential areas during day time was in the range of 44.6 dB(A) Leq to 64 dB(A)
Leq. The day time noise level in the study area were within the CPCB limits.
1.4.4 Socio Environment
The study area is moderately populated with the total population of 1, 49,040 (as per 2011 Census).
Scheduled Caste (SC) population is about 24.26% of the total population. As per 2011 Census,
Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is not found in the study area. The sex ratio is about 858 females per
1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 54.8%. Male literacy rate is 34.1% and female literacy
rate is 20.7%. The primary sources of drinking water are tube wells and water supply facilities.
1.5 Impact matrix assessment
Proposed project will not have any significant negative impacts on the environment. Appropriate
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) nullifies all high potential adverse impacts. Moreover,
implementation of EMP helps to convert negative impact into positive impacts. Thus proposed
project is certainly safe from the environmental point of view.
1.6 Risk Assessment:
1.6.1 The three main objectives of Risk Assessment are, Identify risks,
Quantify the impact of the potential threats and
Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the
Safeguard
1.6.2Identification of Risks
For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
Raw material
Process Risk
Storages
Operations
Maintenance
Safety Fire protection
Effluent disposal
1.6.3 Risk Reduction Measures
The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified
risks during the detailed design phase:
Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where appropriate),
to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing for storage of
dangerous goods;
Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical process
water;
Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and storage
and stacking locations;
Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe access
to fixed and mobile plant;
Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per
relevant standards;
Containment of hazardous materials;
Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited items,
and control of onsite traffic; and
Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site specific
hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).
Surrounding population (includes all strata of society) should be made aware of the safety
precautions to be taken in the event of any mishap within the plant. This can effectively be
done by conducting the training programs.
Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line
Fire extinguishers should be tested periodically and should be always kept in operational
mode
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency the
wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population caution.
Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies A detailed HAZOP
and Fault Tree Analysis should be carried out before commissioning of any new installation.
1.7 Environment monitoring Programme
It is important to monitoring environmental conditions during entire project cycle. Based on the
MOEF and CPCB guidelines, monitoring plan is been developed to assess ambient air quality, water,
effluent quality, emissions measurements, noise monitoring in project area periodically. IOCL facility
has already installed continuous monitoring systems.
1.8 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan
The costs involved in environmental monitoring and management to mitigate the adverse effects
will be put on account for the proposed project. The approximate cost for the EMP will be
Rs. 3507 lakhs.
The details of capital & operating expenditures for environment protection measures i.e EMP is
given in Chapter No. 9
It is an integrated cell to co-ordinate the project activities which are concerned with implementation
of environment control measures and management. Main aim of EMC is effective implementation of
environment management system.
Hierarchical of EMC
1.9 CSR activities during 2015-2016
Sanitation: construction of toilets in govt. Schools
Environmental sustainability : installation of solar panels in govt. Schools
Expansion of education : providing furniture in all govt. Schools of nearby villages
Healthcare : organizing medical camps in neighbouring villages
Youth employment : skill development programmes in nearby villages
Page 14 of 180
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
Science &innovation: setting up of library and science labs in govt. Schools of neighbouring
villages
To promote environmental sustainability, Installation of Solar panels at 4 Govt. schools of
Kahului, Sithana, Khora kheri and Barauli.
1.10 Rain water harvesting system
Proposed project will be provided rain water harvesting system inside factory premises.
1.11 Project benefits
Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding area or
community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development, boosting employment and
other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed activities in form side benefits.
This project would be a pioneering effort and first plant of its kind in India to demonstrate techno
economic viability of producing bio-ethanol from agricultural crop residues. This technology gives
India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards protecting
environment. As mentioned earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2
reduction of 3-4 % (over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12 million
tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.
1.12 Economic Importance:
The project will provide an opportunity to India to reduce its dependence on crude oil Imports. It will
also reduce the impact of crude oil price volatility seen quite often in international markets. It will
also help in reducing the subsidy burden of the Indian government since ethanol (produced locally
from agricultural residue) displaces petrol from imported crude. By 2020, India’s total gasoline
consumption is expected to touch 440 billion litres of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol
produced from lignocelluloses raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of
gasoline could be between US $ 8 billon -10 billion per year. Which are approximately 700 Crores
to 748 Crores Indian rupees.
1.13Social Importance
There is potential to create 18 million jobs and hence will significantly improve the future of Indian
farmers and biofuels business economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated
by selling agricultural crop residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and
sugarcane trash, etc.) and the rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value
chain will result in distributed economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be
consumed locally replacing fuel purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
have been spent in procuring the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be
injected into the local economy or country.
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
Standard Terms Of Reference ‘5(g)’ Standard Terms Of Reference for Conducting Environment Impact Assessment Study For
Distilleries And Information to be included in EIA/EMP Report.
Sr.no. Terms of Reference Compliance
1. Executive Summary Attached with the EIA Report.
2. Introduction
Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET
accreditation
Refer chapter 11 Section 11.2 of the EIA Report.
Page no. 176
(i) Information about the project proponent. Refer section 1.1 of Executive Summary, Refer
chapter 1, EIA report., refer page no. 25
(ii) Importance and benefits of the project Refer chapter 1 section 1.3.4 to 1.3.6 Page no.
29 and chapter 8 of the EIA report. Page no.151
3. Project Description
(i) Cost of the project and time of completion Refer to chapter 2, table 2.9 to 2.10 of the EIA
report. Please refer Page no. 49
(ii) Products with capacities for the proposed project Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Details are
available in table 2.2 ,technical details of the
plant. Refer no. 41
(iii) If expansion project, details of existing products with
capacities and whether adequate land is available for
expansion, reference of earlier EC if any
IOCL Panipat, has adequate land, The
installation of new plant will take place in the
existing plant premises.
Capacity of New Plant: 100 KLPD Plant
(iv) List of raw materials required and their source along
with mode of transportation
Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report, Refer page
No. 41
(v) Other chemicals and materials required with
quantities and storage capacities
Refer to chapter 2, table 2.6 of the EIA report,
refer page no. 44
(vi) Details of Emission, effluent, hazardous waste
generation and their management
Refer to chapter 4, of the EIA report, refer page
no. 99
(vii) Requirement of water, power, with source of supply,
status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power
requirement (regular and contract)
Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Refer page
no. 41
(viii) Process description along with major equipment’s
and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from
raw material to products to be provided
Refer to section 2.4,2.7 chapter 2 of the EIA
report. Refer page no. 42, 47
(ix) Hazard identification and details of proposed safety
systems
Refer to chapter 7 of the EIA report. Refer page.
128
(x) Expansion/ modernization proposals
a) Copy of all the Environmental Clearances including
Amendments there to obtained for the project
from MoEF & CC/SEIAA shall be attached as an
Not Applicable
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Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring
report of the regional office of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th
May, 2012 on the status of compliance of
conditions stipulated in all the existing
environmental clearances including Amendments
shall be provided. In addition, Status of compliance
of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing
operation of the project from SPCB shall be
attached with the EIA-EMP report
b) In case the existing project has not obtained
Environmental Clearance, reasons for not taking EC
under the provisions of the EIA notification 1994
and/or EIA notification 2006 shall be provided.
Copies of Consent to Establish/ no objection
certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units
operating prior to EIA notification 2006, CTE and
CTO of FY 2005-2006 obtained from the SPCB shall
be submitted. Further, compliance report to the
conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be
submitted.
Not Applicable
4. Site details
(i) Location of the project site covering village,
Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for
selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.
Refer to chapter 1, Section 1.8, Fig.1.3 and 1.5
of the EIA report. Refer page no. 33
Site Justification: Refer Chapter 5, of EIA report
please refer page no. 117
(ii) A topo-sheet of the study area of radius of 10 km and
site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on A3/A2
sheet.(including all eco-sensitive area and
environmentally sensitive places)
Refer Annexure I
(iii) Details w.r.t options analysis for selection of
site
Refer to chapter 2, chapter 5, page no. 38. &
page no. 117 respectively of EIA report
(iv) Co- ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site Refer to chapter 1, section 1.7 of the EIA
report. Page no. 32
(v) Google map-Earth downloaded of the project
site
Refer to chapter 1, section 1.8 of the EIA report.
Page no. 33
(vi) Layout maps indicating existing units as well as
proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area,
greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial
area/Estate/Complex, Layout of Industrial Area indicating
location of unit within the Industrial Area/Estate
Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Please refer
fig. 2.2 of the EIA report at page no. 40
(vii) Photographs of the proposed and existing (if
applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of
plantation/greenbelt, in particular
This is a new project , green belt will be
developed after execution of the plant.
33 % of green belt will be developed
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(viii) Land-use break-up of total land of the project site
(identified and acquired), government/private-
agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies,
settlements, etc shall be included.(not required for
industrial area)
Refer to Chapter 2, Table no. 2.2 of the EIA
report at page no. 41
(ix) A list of major industries with name and type within
study area (10 km) shall be incorporated. Land use
details of the study area
Refer to Chapter 3, section 3.9.2 There is no
major industry within 10 km area of IOCL
Panipat. Refer page no. 82
(x) Geological features and geo-hydrological status of the
study area shall be included
Refer to chapter 3, section 3.4.2 of the EIA
report. Page no. 54
(xi) Details of drainage of the project upto 5 km radius of
study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major
river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as
flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data
of the past 30 years. Details of flood level of the project
site and maximum flood level of the river shall be
provided.(mega green field projects)
Refer to chapter 3, section 3.4.2.1 of the EIA
report at page no. 54
(xii) Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not
complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected
time of complete possession of the land.
The project site is situated on the land owned
by IOCL Panipat
(xiii) R & R details in respect of land in line with state
Government policy
The project is proposed on IOCL Panipat owned
land.
5 Forest and Wildlife issues
(i)Permission and approval for the use of forest land
(forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the
State Forest Department. (if applicable)
Not Applicable
(ii)Landuse map based on High resolution satellite
imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the
forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more
than 40 ha)
Not Applicable
(iii)Status of Application submitted for obtaining the
stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be
submitted
Not Applicable
(iv)The projects to be located within 10 km of the
National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,
Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project
proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by
Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis
the project location and the recommendations or
comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon
Not Applicable
(v)Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the
Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for
conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the
study area
Not Applicable
(vi)Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Not Applicable
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Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing
Committee of the National Board for Wildlife
6. Environmental Status
(i) Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the
project site and site-specific micro-meteorological data
using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed
and direction and rainfall
Refer to chapter 3, section 3.3 of the EIA
report. Page no. 53
(ii) AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10,
PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to
the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations
shall be based on CPCB guidelines and taking into
account the pre-dominant wind direction, population
zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests.
Refer to chapter 3, section 3.5 of the EIA report.
Page no. 55
(iii) Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all
stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM
Notification of Nov.2009 along with min.-max., average
and 98 % values for each of the AAQ parameters from
data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an
annexure to the EIA report.
Refer to chapter 3, section 3.5.4.1 of the EIA
report. Page no. 66. Also refer table 3.5 to 3.9
available on page no 58 to 65
(iv) Surface water quality of nearby River (100 upstream
and downstream of discharge point) and other surface
drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF & CC
guidelines.
Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.2 & table no. 3.14
of the EIA report. Page no. 72
(v) Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river
identified by the CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes give details.
No, the site does not falls in any polluted stretch
of river.
(vi) Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations
shall be included.
Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.1 & table no. 3.11
of the EIA report page no. 67
(vii) Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the
study area
Refer chapter 3, section 3.7 of the EIA report.
Page no. 76
(viii) Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Refer chapter 3, section 3.8 of the EIA report
Page no. 76
(ix) Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency
of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional
traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.
Refer chapter 3, section 3.9.3 of the EIA report
Page no. 82
(x) Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and
aquatic) existing in study area shall be given with special
reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If
Schedule- I fauna are found within the study area, a
Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and
furnished.
Refer chapter 3, section 3.10 of the EIA report.
Page no. 84
(xi) Socio-economic status of the study area. Refer chapter 3,section 3.9 of the EIA report.
Page no. 79
7. Impact and Environment Management Plan
(i) Assessment of ground level concentration of
pollutants from the stack emissions based on site-
Refer chapter 4, Section 4.2.1 of the EIA report.
Page no. 102
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specific meteorological features. In case the project is
located on hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done
using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for
determining the potential impacts of the project on the
AAQ . Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions
(including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be
assessed. Details of the model used and the input data
used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality
contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the
location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive
receptors, if any.
(ii) Water quality modelling- in case of discharge in water
body.
Not Applicable, Waste water will be treated in
the ETP IOCL Panipat has proposed to
implement Zero Liquid Discharge Technology.
(iii) Impact of the transport of the raw material and end
products on the surrounding environment shall be
assessed and provided. In this regard, options for
transport of raw materials and finished products and
wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road
transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be
examined.
Refer Chapter 6 of the EIA report. Refer page
no. 120
There is no rail-cum road or conveyor-cum-rail
transport facility at IOCL Panipat
(iv) A note on treatment of wastewater from different
plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different
purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent.
Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet
the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules
Refer chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of the EIA report.
Page no. 157
(v) Details of stack emissions and action plan for control
of emission to meet standards
Stack height is provided as per CPCB guidelines.
(vi) Measures for fugitive emissions control. Refer to chapter 9 of the EIA report. Page no.
156
(vii) Details of hazardous waste generation and their
storage, utilization and management. Copies of MoU
regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in
cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include
the concept of waste-minimization,
recycle/reuse/recover techniques, energy conservation
and natural resource conservation
Refer to chapter 9, of the EIA report. Page no.
160
(viii) Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per
Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall
be provided.
Refer Chapter 9, of EIA report, Page no. 160-
161
(ix) Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33
% area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha.
Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning
schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be
around the project boundary and a scheme for greening
Refer chapter 9, section 9.4.5 of the EIA report.
Page no. 161
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of roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.
(x) Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at
plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from
the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the
ground water and also to use for the various activities at
the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the
water requirement from other sources.
Refer chapter 9, section 9.4.8 of the EIA report.
Page no. 165
(xi) Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for
environmental pollution control measures shall be
included.
Refer table no. 9.8 of the EIA report, page no.
171
(xii) Action plan for post-project environmental
monitoring shall be submitted
Refer to chapter 6, section 6.3, table: 6.1 of the
EIA report. Page no. 123
(xiii) Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made)
Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan
including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster
management plan should be linked with District Disaster
Management Plan.
Refer chapter 7, section 7.10 of the EIA report,
page no. 140
8. Occupational health
(i) Plan and fund allocations to ensure the occupational
health & safety of all contract and casual workers
Refer Chapter 7 section 7.7.6, of EIA report,
page no. 138
(ii) Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of
worker. If the workers health is being evaluated by pre
designed format, chest x-rays, Audiometry, Spirometry,
vision testing (far & near vision, colour vision and any
other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and
periodical examinations give the details of the same.
Details regarding last month analysed data of above
mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of
exposure and department wise.
Refer Chapter 7, section 7.2.2 of EIA report,
page no. 129
All workers are provided with suitable personal
protective equipment (PPE).
Regular safety and environmental awareness
programmes are being conducted to promote
awareness. IOCL Panipat is also taking up
periodic health check programmes for the
nearby villages is also being taken care
(iii) Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards.
What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether
they are within Permissible Exposure Level (PEL). If these
are not within PEL what measures the company has
adopted to keep them within PEL, what measures the
company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that
health of the workers can be preserved.
Refer Chapter 7, section 7.7.6 of EIA report,
page no. 138
All workers are provided with suitable personal
protective equipment (PPE).
The air & noise levels are regularly monitored
and they are within permissible limits (Refer
Chapter 3)
The workers working in high noise level
generating area shall undergo audiometric test
once in a six months.
Proper designing of building, work area, good
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ventilation, good exhaust system & air
circulation, relieving from thermal stress,
provision of relaxation facilities. Isolation to
specific areas, Rotation of workers/shifts to
avoid continuous exposure, Enforcement &
encouragement to use PPE is practiced
(iv) Annual report of health status of workers with special
reference to Occupational Health and Safety.
This is proposed new plant the heath check up
will be done after commissioning of project.
Occuational Health Survelliance is regular
exercise at IOCL Panipat. The health check ups
will carried out periodically and medical records
of all employees shall be maintained separately.
The medical check up will include Chest X-Ray,
Audiometry, Spirometry, Haemogram, ECG,
Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision
and any other ocular defect). Urine (Routine
and Microscopic), Complete Physical
examination, Fatigue, Backache, Muco Skeletal
disorders, (MSD), major & minor joint pains will
be examined and given appropriate
remedy/treatment.
9. Corporate Environment Policy
(i) Does the company have a well laid down
environment Policy approved by its Board of
Directors? If so, it may be detailed in EIA report.
IOCL Panipat is certified for Quality
Management Systems ( ISO 9001:2008)
(ii) Does the environmental policy prescribe for
standard operating process/procedures to bring into
focus any infringement/deviation /violation of the
environmental or forest norms/conditions? If so, it
may be detailed in the EIA.
Not applicable
(iii) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative
order of the company to deal with the
environmental issues and for ensuring compliance
with the Environmental Clearance conditions?
Details of this system may be given.
Health Safety Environment –IOCL ,Panipat
HSC Head – CGM
details are provided in chapter 9 , Page no. 158
(iv) Does the company have system of reporting of non
compliances/ violations of environmental norms to
the Board of Directors of the company and or/
shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting
mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report
Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.12 of the EIA
report. Page no. 170
10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as
sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor
force during construction as well as to the casual workers
including truck drivers during Operation phase.
Proper infrastructure facilities will be provided.
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11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)
Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall
be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment
based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details
along with time bound action plan shall be included.
Socio-economic development activities need to be
elaborated upon.
Refer Chapter 9 , section 9.4.11 of EIA report.
Page no. 168
12. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any
direction/order passed by any court of law against the
project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has
the unit received any notice under Section 5 of
Environment (protection) Act, 1986 or relevant sections
of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of
the case.
Nil
13. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of
above TOR.
Noted and complied
SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE :
1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with
their capacity and sourcing of raw material
Refer Chapter 3.
2. Number of working days of the distillery unit.
Total 300 days in a year are working for the
biomass to ethanol plant
3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their
source with availability.
Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 and table 2.3 of EIA
report. Page no. 41 , 44
4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 of the EIA report.
Page no 44
5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed
spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard
Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.2 & table no. 3.14 .
&, section 3.6.1 & table no. 3.13 of the EIA
report Page no. 71 page no. 73
The spent wash lagoon and compost yard is not
applicable
Therefore, there are no chances of ground
water contamination.
6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of
alcohol produced
Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report.
Page no. 157
7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain
based distillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and
utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for
achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD).
Refer Chapter 9, figure 9.1, 9.2 and table 9.4 of
EIA report. Page no. 159
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8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption
within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production
Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 of EIA report
9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank,
material used, design consideration. No. of piezometers
to be proposed around spent wash holding tank
Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report.
Page no. 157
10. Action plan to control ground water pollution Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report,
page no. 158
11. Details of solid waste management including
management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of
incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal
Refer Chapter 4, table 4.5 of EIA report, Page
no.107
12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable).
Not Applicable
13. Action plan to control odour pollution Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.6 of EIA report.
Page no. 165
14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online
monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)
Refer Chapter 9, Section 9.4.3, page no. 158
Continuous emission monitoring system shall be
installed in proposed facility
Additional TOR
1 Public consultation The EAC, after detailed deliberations, opined
that such projects of biofuel production need to
be encouraged for improving air quality in the
area. However, in case of proposals for
exemption from public hearing, the Committee
desired that in view of national importance of
such projects, the Ministry may take a view as
per the extant rules/regulations.
The Public hearing was conducted on
27.03.2019. The notice was published in “
Yugmarg “news papers on 23.02.2019. Refer
Annexure III and section 7.20 of EIA Report
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) is India's largest Public Sector, GOI Undertaking and having largest
revenue generation and is one of the five Maharatna status companies of India, apart from Coal
India Limited, NTPC Limited, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation and Steel Authority of India Limited. It
is the highest ranked Indian company and the world's 168thlargest public corporation in the
prestigious Fortune 'Global 500' listing. It is also the 20thlargest petroleum company in the world.
Beginning in 1959 as Indian Oil Company Ltd., Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1964 with
the merger of Indian Refineries Ltd. (Estd. 1958). Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for 49%
petroleum products market share, 31% share in refining capacity and 67% downstream sector
pipelines capacity in India.
Panipat Refinery, a unit of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) operates a 15.0 Million Metric Tons
Per Annum (MMTPA) oil refinery at Panipat in Haryana. The refinery was commissioned in 1997-98
and started off with a crude oil processing capacity of 6.0 MMTPA (PR- Panipat Refinery). The
refinery capacity was raised to 12.0 MMTPA with the addition of another crude unit and a full
conversion hydrocracker as the secondary processing unit and Delayed Coker unit for bottom
processing (PREP- Panipat Refinery Expansion Project). Through progressive revamps and addition of
process units the refining capacity has been brought to the present operating capacity of 15.0
MMTPA (PRAEP- Panipat Refinery Additional Expansion Project). IOCL has recently applied for
obtaining of Environmental Clearance from MoEF &CC for expansion of its production capacities for
Naphtha Cracker Unit (NCU), Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and
Polypropylene (PP) Unit.
IOCL (Panipat) proposes to install a biomass based ethanol second generation 100 KLPD capacity in
its existing premises. This will attract Environmental Clearance under EIA notification 2006. In this
regard, M/s ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (ABC Techno Labs), NABET Accredited
Environmental Consultant Organization, has been engaged by M/Praj Industry Limited to carry out
Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the proposed project at IOCL Panipat.
(1.1 REF :IOCL Website)
1.2 Purpose of Project
IOCL Panipat proposes to install new 100 KLPD cellulosic non-food biomass (Agri waste) based
second generation advanced technology.
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1.3 Market Scenario
1.3.1 Global Ethanol Scenario:
In 2015, countries made commitments toward a more environmentally balanced future through the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and now seek to expand policies for low-carbon
development after the agreement reached in Paris at COP-2. The year also marked a milestone in
the bio-economy, as the point in time when the production of Second-Generation Biofuels (2G)
finally took off at commercial scale. Historically, the United States of America (US) has had the
largest installed capacity for cellulosic ethanol production of deployed second-generation biofuel
facilities, followed by China, Canada, European Union (EU) and Brazil, respectively. Projects in these
countries vary significantly in their technological approaches and feed stocks used for fuel Ethanol
production, including the use of corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, Rice straw, wheat straw, cotton
stalk municipal solid waste, and forestry residues, etc. 50% growth in the second-generation biofuels
market has been forecast between 2014 - 2020 and its value in 2020 has been estimated to amount
to US$ 23.9 billion (Allied Market Research, 2014). Navigant Research (2014) forecasts that global
biofuel consumption in the road transportation sector will grow from more than 122.6 billion litres
per year in 2013 to more than 193.41 billion litres per year in 2022, which will increase demand for
advanced biofuels. In the last ten years, an increase in ethanol production capacity in the US and
Brazil, and biodiesel in Europe, has resulted in biofuels gaining an important position in the global
market for liquid.
Despite the extensive use of biomass as a source of energy production, some developing countries
still depend on oil imports to satisfy their energy demand, which makes them vulnerable to high and
volatile oil prices. Some countries, such as China, Brazil, Thailand and India, developed a strong first-
generation biofuel sector that led to a significant production capacity and infrastructure.
1.3.2 Indian Ethanol Scenario:
The Government of India (GOI) approved the National Policy on Biofuels on May 16, 2018. The policy
encourages use of renewable energy resources as alternate fuel to supplement transport fuels and
had proposed an indicative target to replace 20% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuels by
end of 12th Five - Year Plan (2017). To ensure implementation of ethanol blending program ‘Cabinet
Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)’ recommended 5% mandatory blending of ethanol in
gasoline in Nov-2012.
At present, the estimated production of ethanol in the country is in the range of 2,500- 3,000 TKL
(Thousand Kilo Litres) which is primarily used for potable alcohol, chemical industries and ethanol
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blending. India’s ethanol production is mainly based on sugarcane molasses, which is limited. Any
improvement in ethanol production is directly proportional to increase in sugarcane production.
However, considering available infrastructure & irrigation resources, it is very difficult to increase
sugar cane production.
Figure 1.1: Pie Chart showing ethanol blending % in India
The Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have been directed to sell Ethanol Blended Petrol with
percentage of ethanol up to 10% and achieve a mandatory target of 5% overall Ethanol blending. So
far, the ethanol availability is restricted to fulfill the blending of about 2-3% only. To meet indicative
target of 20% ethanol blending by 2017 (as per National Policy on Biofuels, 2009), the required
quantity of ethanol is estimated to be approximately 5,500 TKL (CAGR @ 8.38%). Govt. of India has
also emphasized on achieving energy security of the country with a target of reducing import
dependence by 10% by the year 2022. The available surplus agricultural crop residues in India have
potential to achieve these targets.
Table 1.1 : Ethanol Demand & Supply Scenario in India
Particulars 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Petrol Sale
Projection
(8.38 % CAGR)
27,596 29,909 32,415 35,131 38,075 41,266
Ethanol Requirement
(@ 5% blending) 1,380 1,495 1,621 1,757 1,904 2,063
(@ 10% blending) 2,760 2,991 3,241 3,513 3,808 4,127
(@ 20% blending) 5,519 5,982 6,483 7,026 7,615 8,253
Table 1.2: Ethanol Blending Targets 2015-16
13% 0.35 bln litres
48%
1.3 bln litres
39%
1.05 bln litres
Industrial Alcohol Fuel Ethanol Beverage Alcohol
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Sr. No. Description Ethanol Quantity
(Billion Litres)
A GOI plan of 20% ethanol blending by 2022 (EBP) 8.25
B Present Ethanol generation with average
Molasses available in India (~ 12 MMT) 2.70
B1 Ethanol diverted to Potable sector 2015 / 16 1.05
B2 Ethanol diverted to Chemical sector 2015 / 16 0.35
B3 Ethanol available for blending 2015 / 16 1.30
C Additional Ethanol required to fulfil 20% blending
(A - B3) 6.95
Annual fuel ethanol demand (5% blend) In 2015 / 16 = ~1.3 billion liters
GOI plan of 20% ethanol blending (EBP) = ~ 8.25 billion liters
Total biomass available in India ~ 141 MMT
The surplus convertible biomass available in India ~ 30 MMT can meet the demand of 20%
EBP.
Some of the key ethanol industry updates:
Oil marketing companies includes ethanol made from non-food feedstock in latest ethanol
tender
CCEA fixes fuel ethanol price at 48.5 - 49.5/Liter (delivered at OMC depot)
Government removes excise duty on ethanol – net realization of producers to increase by
5/liter
Government of India is committed towards implementation of EBP and working to achieve
20% ethanol blending target by 2022.
Information related to approved VGF policy for ethanol industry needs to be added.
1.3.3 Indian biomass (agricultural crop residues) availability
The agricultural sector has long been the backbone of India's economy. It also presents a unique
opportunity to develop second generation ethanol industry due to availability of vast agricultural
residues. According to the various biomass assessment surveys the surplus crop residue availability
in India is in range of 50-60 million tons annually. According to these report, by 2020 the available
biomass residue could in theory be converted into between 10 billion and 15 billion liters of second
generation ethanol annually sufficient to meet 20% ethanol blending mandates in India.
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1.3.4 Economic Importance:
The project will provide an opportunity to India to reduce its dependence on crude oil Imports. It will
also reduce the impact of crude oil price volatility seen quite often in international markets. It will
also help in reducing the subsidy burden of the Indian government since ethanol (produced locally
from agricultural residue) displaces petrol from imported crude. By 2020, India’s total gasoline
consumption is expected to touch 381 billion liters of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol
produced from lignocellulose raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of
gasoline could be between US$ 8 billon -10 billion per year.
1.3.5 Social Importance
There is potential to create 18 million jobs and hence will significantly improve the future of Indian
bio economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated by selling agricultural crop
residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, etc.) and the
rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value chain will result in distributed
economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be consumed locally replacing fuel
purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would have been spent in procuring
the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be injected into the local
economy or country.
This will have positive impact on the growth of India’s gross domestic product. Successful
implementation of this technology will create hundreds of thousands of direct and indirect jobs in
India in the entire value chain from collection of lingo cellulosic biomass to processing into bio-
ethanol in small and medium manufacturing plants and finally marketing and selling of ethanol to oil
marketing companies.
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Figure 1.2: Sustainability through 10% EBP – at a glance
1.3.6 Environmental Importance
This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility
towards the environment. As mention earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020,
a CO2 reduction of 3-4 %( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12
million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.
(1.3 REF: Market Research Study on Indian Businesses)
1.4 Need of EIA
As per EIA Notification S.O. No 1533 issued on 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent
amendments, the proposed project is falling under Schedule 5(g) – Distilleries. Hence, this project
requires Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) through Expert
Appraisal Committee (EAC). Accordingly, the EIA Report has been prepared
Based on the Standard Terms of Reference approved by Expert Appraisal Committee – Industry-2 on
5 April 2018, for installation of 100 KLPD biomass (Non Food) based 2G Ethanol plant.
1.5 Terms of Reference
The EIA report has been prepared as per Standard TOR approved by EAC.
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1.6 Approach and Methodology
The primary objective of the EIA study is to internalize and integrate the environmental concerns
/aspects and mitigation measures due to proposed set of new 100 KLPD 2G Ethanol plant.
The EIA study for new proposed plant at existing premises of IOCL Panipat has been carried out with
the following objectives:
1. Collection of baseline attributes in study area. The EIA covers baseline environmental data,
as per the guidelines of MoEF & CC. The scope includes collection of baseline data to identify
the various environmental parameters such as air, water, soil, noise levels, socio - economic
factors, land use factors, the status of the flora- fauna and wildlife in the adjoining areas of
the proposed project site.
2. Identification, prediction, evaluation & mitigation of biophysical, social & other relevant
effects of development on the environment during the operational phase of the proposed
plant as per applicable Indian laws.
3. Preparation of risk assessment & emergency preparedness / disaster management plan for
the project.
4. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be adopted for mitigation of the
anticipated adverse impacts of the proposed expansion at plant during operational phase.
5. Delineation of the post project environmental quality monitoring program as per the
requirements of the regulatory authorities.
To carry out EIA study for the proposed expansion, reconnaissance survey was conducted by
field team of ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd. and sampling locations for various
environmental parameters were identified on the basis of:
6. Predominant wind direction expected during the period of baseline monitoring in the study
area
7. Topography,
8. Location of village/towns/sensitive areas
9. Identified pollution pockets, if any within the study area
10. Areas, which represent baseline conditions;
11. Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes.
As per MoEF&CC guideline “Baseline data & Public hearing data can be used as per MoEF&CC, GOI
Circular No. J-11013/41/2006-IA-II (I) (Part), dated: 29th August, 2017”.
Thus, the environmental baseline data collected for preparation of Environmental Impact
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Assessment Report IOCL (Panipat) for obtaining Environmental Clearance from MOEF&CC during
01stDecember, 2016 to 28th February, 2017 will be used. However, the field study data was
revalidated by monitoring/surveying the project location from 14th May 2018 to 21st May 2018 to
determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes.
The proposed new 100 KLPD Biomass to ethanol plant in the Panipat location near the IOCL existing
refinery. Refinery may impact on the physical, chemical and biological attributes of surrounding
environment. In assessing the environmental impacts, collection, collation and interpretation of
baseline data is of prime importance. Environmental impact analysis and assessment is preferably
carried out at the planning stage itself.
1.7 Environmental Settings of the site
Table 1.3: Environmental Settings of the Project Site
S.no. Particulars Details
1. Latitude 29°28'55.89"N
2. Longitude 76°53'21.74"E
3. Site Elevation above MSL 242 m
4. Topography The project influenced study area is mostly
plain terrain .
5. Present land use at the site Industrial use (existing facilities are
decommissioned)
6. Nearest highway NH 1 : 10 KM (approx.)
7. Nearest railway station Panipat Railway station–23 km (approx.)
8. Nearest airport Indira Gandhi International Airport-140 km
(approx.)
9. Nearest town / city Panipat – 23 km(approx.)
10. Hills / valleys Nil in 5 Km radius
11. Archaeologically important
places Nil in 5 Km radius
12. National parks / Wildlife
Sanctuaries Nil in 5 Km radius
13. Reserved / Protected Forests Nil in 5 Km radius
14. Seismicity Seismic zone-IV
15. Defense Installations Nil in 5 Km radius
1.8 Location of the Project
The location of the project site at Panipat, Haryana.is shown in the satellite image below.
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Figure 1.3: Satellite image of Project site marked with study area 10 Km radius
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1.9 EIA Report Presentation
The EIA report for installation of new 100 KLPD Biomass to ethanol plant near IOCL Panipat refinery,
District Panipat, Haryana State has been prepared as per Standard TOR approved by Expert Appraisal
Committee (EAC) on 5 April 2018. The EIA report has been presented in order to group the
environmental parameters under physical, biological, demographic & socio-economic environments,
anticipated impacts and mitigation measures. The EIA report has been prepared as contents given in
EIA Notification 2006 and subsequent amendments. The structure of EIA Report is as given below:
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter provides background information, brief location settings of the area. The terms of
reference for preparation of EIA/ EMP and structure of EIA report have also been described in this
chapter.
Chapter 2: Description of the Project
This chapter deals project details, project layout, design details, operating parameters, power
requirements, water requirement and sources of pollution and it management, cost of proposed
expansion, etc.
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment
This chapter presents existing environmental status of the 10 km radius study area around the
proposed project including topography, geological, drainage pattern, water environment, climate &
meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels, flora & fauna, socio-economic, etc.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
This chapter describes the anticipated impact on the environment and mitigation measures for
proposed project. Assessment of anticipated Environmental Impacts. It gives the details of the
impact on the baseline parameters, both during the construction and operational phases and
suggests the mitigation measures to be implemented by the Project.
Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives
This chapter examines alternative means for the proposed project
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan
This chapter describes Environmental Monitoring Plan for the proposed project during construction
and operation phases.
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Chapter 7: Additional Studies (Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan)
This chapter spelled out brief about hazard identification, risk analysis and disaster management
plan for an unlikely event of emergency at LPG Plant.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
This chapter includes the benefits in terms of improvement in physical infrastructure, social
infrastructure, employment potential, etc.
Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
This chapter describes environmental management plan to mitigate adverse environmental impacts
and to strengthen beneficial impacts.
Chapter 10: summary and conclusion
Consultant ‘s disclosure
This section comprises the name of consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of
consultancy rendered.
Required Documents (as Annexure)
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CHAPTER 2
Project Description
2.1 Introduction
The Government of India (GOI) approved the National Policy on Biofuels on May, 2018. The policy
encourages use of renewable energy resources as alternate fuel to supplement transport fuels and
had proposed an indicative target to replace 20% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuels by
end of Year 2022. To ensure implementation of ethanol blending program ‘Cabinet Committee on
Economic Affairs (CCEA)’ recommended 5% mandatory blending of ethanol in gasoline in Nov-2012.
This project would be a pioneering effort and first plant of its kind in India to demonstrate techno
economic viability of producing bio-ethanol from agricultural crop residues. This technology gives
India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards protecting
environment. As mentioned earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2
reduction of 3-4 %( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12 million
tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.
IOCL Panipat has proposed to install a new 100 KLPD capacity biomass (Non Food) based second
generation Ethanol production plant in the near IOCL Panipat Refinery at Panipat district, Haryana.
Below mentioned are salient features of the Plant.
Table 2.1: Salient features of new proposed 100 KLPD plant
Salient features of the proposed new 100 KLPD Pilot Plant:
1 The project will implement advanced second generation ethanol producing/manufacturing
techniques
2 Feedstock used are Agricultural residues like rice straw/wastes (Cellulosic, Non food
Biomass) and thus adapt recycle concept reducing GHG emissions
3 Indigenous technology
4 No increase in pollution load
5 No increase in use of resources
6 Plant will be installed near Panipat Refinery.
2.2 Project Location
The location of the project site of IOCL Panipat Refinery at Panipat district, Haryana. The satellite
image is shown below.The project is proposed at existing IOCL Land.
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Dismantling of existing tank related facilities will be done, however some basic facilities may be
utilized.
Figure2.1: Satellite Imagery of Project Site
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Figure 2.2: Plot Plan for new 100 KLPD Plant
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The total area required for the project will be 34.66 acres. The breakup of the same is given in the
table below Table 2.2 Area Statement Table 2.2 Area Statement
2.3 Technical Details of the Plant
The proposed 100 KLPD capacity Plant will utilize agricultural crop residues (stubbles, straw, plants )
and other Ligno cellulosic feed stocks to produce Absolute Alcohol.
Table 2.3: Technical Details of the plant
Sr.
No
Description Feed Stock (Bagasse)
1 Product Details : Absolute Alcohol
(Maximum with 0.50% v/v moisture)
Maximum 100 KLPD
(Total Ethanol production capacity per year)
2 Feed Stock Details
Raw Material Requirement
Min. Cellulose
Min. Hemicellulose
Min. Lignin
Max. Moisture
426 TPD (on dry basis),
473 TPD (as is basis).
33 %
18.2 %
17.5%
10%
3 No of working / operation for plant 300 days per Year
5 Other By products CO2 ( 78 TPD ), methane, lignin etc.
6 Utilities Requirement
Steam:
48 TPD
S. No. Particulars Proposed
Land Area (Acres) Percentage
1 Feed stock, Process
Plant,storage and utility 15.95 46%
2 Building 1.5 4.33%
3 Roads & Parking area 6 17.31%
5 Green Belt Area (33 %) 11.21 33%
Total 34.66 100 %
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Power:
Fresh Water:
Manpower:
13000 KWH
125 m3/hr
Construction Phase - 22 months
First three month (1 to 3 M)- 25 persons/month
avg.
Next three month (4 to 9 M) – 500 persons/month
avg
Next three month (10 to 12 M)- 950 persons/month
Next three month (13 to 15 M)-1325
persons/month
Next three month (16 to 19) -955 persons/month
Next three month (20 to 22 M)-250 persons/Month
Next three month(23 to 24 M)-100 persons/Month
Operation Phase 35 shifts
2.4 Process Operations involved at the plant
The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations:
VI. BIOMASS PREPARATION SECTION:
Biomass Storage
Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing.
VII. MAIN PROCESS PLANT:
Pre-treatment
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Co-Fermentation
Distillation
Dehydration
VIII. RESIDUE HANDLING SECTION:
Solid Liquid Separation
Evaporation
Process Condensate Treatment Plant
IX. UTILITIES & AUXILIARIES:
Boiler
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Water Treatment Plant
Chemical Storage
Cooling Tower
Air Compressor
Product Storage
Enzyme and ADY Storage
Electrical System from grid to individual consumer
Control System- DCS
Utility Blow down treatment plant
X. OFF-SITE PACKAGES:
Fire Fighting System
Weigh Bridge
Figure2.3: Process scheme showing material inputs to product output
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Table2.5: Basis of Design for considering 100 KLPD Plant
Sr.No Particulars Rice Straw
1. Plant Capacity Maximum 100 KLPD
2. Feed stock Rice Straw
3. Requirement of Feedstock
426 TPD (on dry basis) 473 TPD (as is basis)
Table 2.6 : Requirement of Inputs:
Sr.No Particulars Capacity/Requirements
1. Feed stock (Non Food Biomass mainly rice straw and other Ligno cellulosic feed stocks)
426 MT/Day (Dry Basis) or 473 MT/Day (As is Basis)
2. Steam consumption 1152 MT/Day
3. Process, Soft water for Main Process Plant and Cooling tower make-up
The fresh water consumption – For Process plant – 250 – 300 m3/ day For Cooling tower make up- 1500 – 1700 m3/ day For Boiler – DM water make up – 500 to 600 m3/day
4. Additives Acids, Enzymes, Chemicals , Nutrients, Yeast (Active Dry Yeast/Distiller’s Yeast)
Acid I- 11 - 14 TPD Acid-II- 0.5 - 1 TPD Chemical 1- 18 - 22 TPD Chemical 2- 8 - 10 TPD Nutrients- 3 – 5 TPD Enzyme- 2.5 - 3 TPD Yeast- 0.03 TPD
4. Estimated Power Consumption(KW / day) 311520 Operating Load for 24 hrs
5. Total Electrical Load (Estimated) 389.5 MW per Day
2.7 Process Description
2.7.1 Material Handling, Milling & Wet Washing Section:
The purpose of this section is to outline the technical specifications for Feed Stock Handling System
for conveying the feed stock, de-stoning and screening, magnetic particle separation, intermediate
storage, necessary safety controls and instrumentation for automatic operation, weighing system,
vibratory screen system with rated capacity as per layout and parameters mentioned in these
specifications.
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The Feed Stock handling system shall be designed for all feed stock materials mentioned in technical
specifications and for the levels of moisture mentioned in the feed stock.
The complete installation will be outdoor type. All components in system, instrumentation, motors,
gearbox, etc. shall be suitable for outdoor installation and necessary local canopies will be provided
as per good engineering practices. A closed room will be provided for installation of M.C.C Panel
only.
From storage, raw material will be fed to the feed conveyor of Feed Stock handling system with the
help of front end loaders etc. for further processing of size reduction, stones separation, and
removal of foreign particles, intermediate storage and further conveying. A Permanent Magnet type
metal separator shall be installed to remove metallic foreign particles from the feed stock. A proper
access will be provided to the magnetic separator for easy removal of separated metallic particles.
The milling unit will be supplied to crush biomass up to desired particle size and integrated with
upward and downward conveying system including interconnecting chutes, bellows, hoods for Dust-
Extraction system; etc. will be included in the handling system.
The controlled flow rate from the silo shall be fed to the wet washing system for further processing.
Washing will be done at ambient conditions @ 3-3.5 % w/w solids. The wet biomass is further
squeezed to increase solid up to 25 - 27 % w/w with the help of aqua separator and screw press. The
wet washed, sized feed stock shall be conveyed from Wet Washing System to Pre-treatment section
with Belt Conveyor and washed water will be sent to clarification section for recycle. The clarified
water will be recycled back to washing section and clarifier bottom will be sent for further treatment
in Evaporation section.
The purpose of this section is to outline the technical specifications for Feed Stock Handling System
for conveying the feed stock, de-stoning and screening, magnetic particle separation, intermediate
storage, necessary safety controls and instrumentation for automatic operation, weighing system,
vibratory screen system with rated capacity as per layout and parameters mentioned in these
specifications.
2.7.2 Pre Treatment Section
In this section, mainly C5 hydrolysis is done (i.e. conversion of Xylan to Xylose) in a reactor, where a
slurry concentration of about 18%-20% is maintained. The mixed acid solution is continuously fed as
per the requirement. The slurry is treated at about 160 - 190 deg C and 10 - 12 bar pressure. The
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slurry from reactor is flashed in a Flash Vessel and then pumped to Enzymatic Hydrolysis section.
Water from the steam flashing shall be recycled back to process.
2.7.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Co Fermentation Section:
The pre-treated slurry is fed to the Pre-hydrolysis reactor. Reaction conditions maintained are pH in
the range of 5.0 to 5.5, temperature of about 50 to 55 deg C at atmospheric Pressure before Enzyme
addition. Enzyme shall be added to the reactor as per required dose. The reaction will continue in
the Pre-hydrolysis reactor for few hrs and then the contents are transferred to main Hydrolysis
reactor for further processing.
2.7.4 Co -fermentation Section:
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) type Activated Dry Yeast (ADY) will be mixed with water in
Yeast slurry preparation tank and fed to Pre-fermenter for further propagation.
The sugar rich slurry from Hydrolysis reactor is then cooled to 32 – 34°C and fed to the Fermenter.
Pre-fermenters are also provided for yeast propagation and different nutrients are added as per the
required dosages. The Pre-fermenter volume is transferred to Main fermenter for fermentation
process.
Once the desired alcohol is achieved, fermented wash is transferred from fermenter to beer well
and from beer well to distillation section.
CO2 evolved during fermentation shall be vented off at safe location through GMO filter.
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2.7.5 Distillation Section:
The fermented mash from the Co-fermentation section is distilled and dehydrated to get Fuel grade
ethanol.
“ECOFINE” Split Distillation consists of -
Stripping Section: This section consists of following distillation columns.
Degasifying Column: The primary function of Degasifying Column is to remove non-
condensable gases and low boiling impurities from the fermented mash. Preheated
Fermented mash is fed to Degasifying Column.
Split Mash Column: The primary function of Mash Column is to strip off ethanol from
Fermented mash. Split Mash Column helps in reduction of overall steam consumption in
Distillation Section.
Rectification Section: This section consists of following distillation columns.
Rectifier cum Exhaust Column: The primary function of this column is to concentrate the
ethanol. Ethanol is enriched at the top and is drawn out as hydrous ethanol and is fed to
Dehydration Plant for further concentration.
2.7.6 Dehydration Section:
The process drives the rectified feed through a system of mole sieve beds. To allow for mole sieve
bed regeneration in continuous operation, twin beds are provided of which one is in dehydration
mode while the other is in regenerating mode. Depending on feed and product specifications, the
dehydration-regeneration exchange takes place based on set time cycle. As the regeneration process
releases the adsorbed water together with ethanol content, it is recycled back to system for
reprocessing.
The feed is pumped to Vaporizer Tank. The overhead vapor of vaporizer Tank is superheated in
super heater to the required operating temperature and circulated to sieve bed 1 assumed in the
description to be in dehydration mode. After passing through the molsieve, the vapor is condensed.
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The regeneration operation forces the release of the moisture from the molsieve, making the sieve
bed 2 ready for the next cycle.
The condensed liquid is fed to simmering column to enhance the product quality by removal of low
boiling impurity from fuel grade ethanol. The Bottom of simmering column is taken as Fuel Grade
Ethanol and sent to storage after product cooler. The low boiling impurities removed from the top of
the simmering column and send to technical alcohol storage tank as a by-product.
2.7.7 Solid -Liquid Separation
The Spent Mash generated in distillation shall be pumped to solid liquid separation section. The solid
stream shall be used as a feed to boiler and the liquid stream (Thin Slop) shall be sent to evaporation
section.
2.7.8 Thin Slop Evaporation
The Thin Slop is further concentrated by water evaporation in evaporators to produce the
concentrated syrup which will be mixed with solid stream generated from solid liquid separation
before feed to boiler. Evaporation (water evaporated) process condensate will be partially recycled
back to process and remaining will be sent to polishing unit for further treatment.
2.7.9 Process Condensate Polishing Unit
The process condensate from evaporation plant will be treated through anaerobic followed by
aerobic biological process in addition to separation in condensate polishing unit. The treated process
condensate then will be sent OSBL (outside battery limit) for utility makeup. The sludge generated
out of biological process will be send as manure for agricultural field.
2.10 Output
On the basis of design inputs the following outputs are expected from the plant:
Table 2.8: Outputs expected from plants
Sr. No Output Products Quantity
1. Absolute Alcohol (AA) 100 KLPD Maximum (with 0.50% v/v moisture)
2.
Raw CO2 78TPD (It will be scrubbed with water and released to atm at
safe location)
3.
Lignin rich cake (40% w/w) 467 TPD (The lignin rich wet cake shall be used as fuel for
the boiler. It shall be mixed with the primary fuel and shall
be incinerated in the boiler to generate steam
4. Fusel Oils 0.2 TPD Fusel Oils (a mixture of higher alcohols) removed
from the system will be burn in Boiler.
5 Sludge from Process Condensate
Treatment Plant
4.5-8.5 TPD Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based
biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different
biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate
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coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Plant. The
collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in
solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid
concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure.
6 Ash Ash generated (120- 130 TPD ) Ash from the boiler is
collected and conveyed into silo for the storage. This
ash will be transported to Cement or Brick
Manufacturing Unit by means of closed trucks . The ash
analysis is shared to Ultra Tech Cement, Shree Cement,
Ambuja Cement, Nirman Cement and under
discussion.The logistics will be planned to avoid any
stoppage of the plant.
7 Biogas Biogas generated (2400-3800 m3/day) in Process Biogas will
be burned in the boiler as a fuel
Table 2.9:Estimated Variable Cost of Production
Estimated Variable Cost of Production
Sr.
No
Component Cost in Rs. per
Lit of Ethanol
Total cost of
Production per day
in Rs.in Lacks
1 Utilities 11 - 13 11 - 13
2 Consumables
(Conversion cost)
15 - 18 15 - 18
3 Feedstock 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5
4 Labour & Routine
Maintenance
3.5 – 4.5 3.5 – 4.5
Total Cost of Production 36 - 44 36 - 44
2.10 Estimated Capital Investment
Sr.
No
Particulars Amount In
INR (Cr)
1 Land, Site development, Infrastructural facilities,
Construction facilities, Roads, Non plant buildings, Civil
foundations, Plant buildings & structures
110 - 130
2 Design, engineering, consultancy, statutory fees,
travelling, conveyance, Project management,
Construction management etc.
40 - 50
3 Main Plant & Machinery including packing, taxes &
duties, transportation
375 - 425
4 Construction period expenses, start-up &
commissioning expenses
3 - 5
TOTAL 528 – 610
Time Line: The project will be completed constructed within 2-3 years.
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CHAPTER 3
Description of Environment
3.1 Introduction
Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing status of various
Environmental attributes viz., Climate and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydro
geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical environment, prior to setting up of the
proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of
the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed
project.
3.2 Scope of Baseline Study
An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the study area for the
purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data
were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various
Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-Government and Public Sector
Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating
environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various
environmental attributes.
The monitoring was carried out during 01stDecember, 2016 to 28th February, 2017. However, the
field study data was revalidated by monitoring/surveying the project location from 14th May 2018 to
21st May 2018 to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes.
Table 3.1: Environmental Attributes
S. N Attribute Parameter Source of Data
1 Climatology & Meteorology
Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature
Indian Meteorological Department and Site specific information
2 Water Quality
Physical and Chemical parameters
Monitored Data (Surface water – 2 locations and ground water - 7 locations)
3 Ambient Air Quality
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO & TVOC
Monitored Data (8 locations)
4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A) Monitored Data (8 locations)
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5 Ecology
Existing terrestrial flora and fauna within the study area
Field survey and Secondary sources
6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources
7 Soil Soil types and samples analyzed for physical and chemical parameters.
Analysis of soil samples at seven locations
8 Socio-economic
Aspects Socio-Economic characteristics of the affected area
Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources
9 Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories
Secondary data
Table 3.2: Frequency and Monitoring Methodology
Attributes Sampling Measurement
Method Remarks
Network Frequency
A. Meteorology
Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature
Project site Continuous for 3 months
Weather monitor with data base
B. Air Environment
Particulate Matter (PM10)
Requisite locations in the project influence area
24 hourly-Twice a week for 3 months in Non- Monsoon season
Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)
As per CPCB standards under 18th November 2009 Notification for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone)
Oxides of Sulphur (SO2)
EPA Modified West & Gaeke method
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser
Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC)
-- EPA Method TO 17
Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyzer (NDIR)
C. Noise
Hourly equivalent noise levels
Requisite locations in the project
Once Instrument : Sound level meter
IS: 4954 1968
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influence area
D. Water
Parameters for water quality: pH, temp, turbidity, Total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonical nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen total phosphorus, BOD, COD, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids etc
Set of grab samples At requisite locations for ground and surface water
Once
Samples for water quality collected and analyzed as per IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.
E. Land Environment
Parameter for soil quality: pH, texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium.etc
Requisite soil samples be collected as per BIS specification within project influence area
Once in season
Collected and analyzed as per soil analysis reference book, M.L.Jackson
F. Biological Environment
Terrestrial & Aquatic Flora and Fauna
Requisite locations in the project influence area
Once in season
Collected and analyzed as per IUCN Red Data book.
3.3 Climate and Meteorology
The climate of the area is characterized by a hot and dry summer from March to May, a south-west
monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon
from October to November and a cool winter from December to February.
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3.3.1 Temperature
The monthly maximum and minimum temperature recorded on-site during the aforesaid monitoring
period (1st December, 2016 – 28th February, 2017) varies between (32 to 1)°C and (16 to 6.2)°C
respectively with overall maximum and minimum temperatures being 37.3°C and 6.2°C respectively
It could be observed that, the pattern of data recorded on-site generally matches with the past data
of IMD.
3.3.2 Relative Humidity
The monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity recorded onsite during the said monitoring
period varied between (33-41)% and (76-69)% respectively, the overall minimum and maximum
being 33% & 76% respectively.
3.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure
The overall minimum and maximum atmospheric pressures recorded on-site during the said
monitoring period were 754.1 mm Hg and 760.3 mm Hg respectively. Such values compare well with
the past IMD data.
3.3.4 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall at Karnal, Haryana is 800 mm/year (As per IMD), 80% of which occurs
during monsoon months (June- September). Total 33mm rainfall was recorded during the
monitoring period.
Figure 3.1: Wind rose of the Project Site
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3.4 Topography and Geology
3.4.1 Topography
The study area forms part of Indo gangetic plain and lies in Yamuna Sub basin of the Ganges basin.
Physio-graphically, the area is characterized by two distinct features - vast upland plains and Yamuna
flood plains. The area is mainly drained by River Yamuna and its tributaries. Topography of the area
is almost flat with gentle slope in the northwest to southeast direction towards Yamuna River.
Panipat Main Drain originating in the north western side passes through the town towards Yamuna
in southeast direction.
3.4.2 Geology
The study area is occupied by geological formations of Quaternary Age comprising of recent alluvial
deposits belonging to the vast Gangetic alluvial plains. The district has two types of soils – tropical
arid brown and arid brown soils. The arid brown soils are found in major parts of the area whereas
tropical arid brown soils are found in north eastern part of the district.
Fig 3.2 : Depth of water level ( pre monsoon and post monsoon)
3.4.2.1Drainage Pattern:
Panipat district covers an area of 1268 sq. km. The District lies in the indo Gangetic plain area. It
slopes from north east to south west. But in eastern part slope is from north to south. The plain is a
flat area. Perennial River Yamuna makes eastern boundary of the district. The district possesses a
good network of canals emanating from Western Yamuna Canal. All the distributaries depend upon
this canal for water requirement.
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Fig 3.3 : Drainage map of the Panipat District
3.5 Ambient Air Quality
The sources of air pollution in the region are industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, dust arising from
unpaved village roads and domestic fuel burning. The prime objective of the baseline air quality
study was to establish the existing ambient air quality of the area. This will be useful for assessing
the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed project.
3.5.1 Methodology for Monitoring and Analysis
Envirotech APM 460 BL Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) and Sampler (Envirotech APM 550)/ Ecotech
(AAS 127) fine particulate matter were deployed for ambient air quality monitoring. The baseline
data of air environment is monitored for the below mentioned parameters:
Particulate Matter (PM2.5);
Particulate Matter (PM10);
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Sulphur dioxide (SO2);
Di oxides of Nitrogen (NO2);
Ozone (O3);
Lead (Pb);
Carbon Monoxide (CO);
Ammonia (NH3);
Benzene (C6H6);
Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP);
Arsenic (As);
Nickel (Ni)
3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques
PM2.5 and PM10 have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-
5182 part-II, 1969) have been adopted for estimation of SO2. Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182
part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NO2.
Samples for carbon monoxide were analyzed using NDIR techniques. The techniques adopted for
sampling and analysis are given in Table 3.3along with the minimum detection limits for each
parameter.
Table 3.3: Methodology adopted for Sampling and Analysis
S.No. Parameter Technique Detectable Limit (µg / m3)
1 Particulate Matter (PM10) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0
2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0
3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Improved West and Gaeke 5.0
4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Modified Jacob & Hochheiser 5.0
5 Carbon Monoxide (CO) NDIR [IS 13270 : 1992] 0.1
6 Ammonia (NH3) Nesslers Method (APHA) 20
7 Ozone (O3) KI Absorption Method 5.0
8 Lead (Pb) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.1
9 Arsenic (As) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.001
10 Nickel (Ni) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.001
11 Benzene (C6H6) Adsorption & Desorption followed by GC [IS 5182 (Part 11) : 2006]
0.01
12 Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) Solvent Extraction followed by GC Analysis [IS 5282 (Part 12) : 1991]
0.00
3.5.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Eight stations were for ambient air quality monitoring based as per guidelines of CPCB. Ambient air
quality monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.4 and Figure 3.2.
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3.5.4 Status of Ambient Air Quality
The status of ambient air quality monitored at the 8 locations during the study period is tabulated in
Table 3.5
Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Figure 3.4:Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
S. No. Sampling Location Code
& Name Direction
Dist. (Km) from
project site Latitude Longitude
1. A1 Project Site NE 0.00 29°29'50.38"N 76°56'53.59"E
2 A2 Bholi SE 6.11 29°25'51.98"N 76°55'8.83"E
3 A3 Rajapur E 4.40 29°28'31.32"N 76°55'13.65"E
4 A4 Gudha NW 2.3 29°27'22.77"N 76°51'4.01"E
5 A5 Assankalan S 7.0 29°24'35.69"N 76°52'38.32"E
6 A6 Untala SSW 9.17 29°23'33.19"N 76°50'58.60"E
7 A7 Kutana NNE 3.10 29°29'37.64"N 76°53'39.18"E
8 A8 Sherah WSW 6.41 29°26'24.99"N 76°49'7.65"E
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Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality (Dec. 2016 to Feb. 2017)
Code Location PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project
Site 47.7 58.3 53.01 57.6 77 95.76 85.49 95.6 18 25.48 20.9 24.59 26 35.15 31.3 35.07
AQ2 Baholi 20 42 30.25 41 40 72 58.31 72 12 23 15.9 22 24 44 33.2 43
AQ3 Rajapur 49 57 53 55 23 42 30.44 41 9 23 15.6 22 15 38 31.4 37.5
AQ4 Gudha 19 37 29.33 35.75 47 69 57.81 69 9 19 14.8 19 17 36 30.9 36
AQ5 Assankalan 32 48 34.62 46.5 52 79 63.42 79 17 25 20.5 24.5 27 39 33.1 38.5
AQ6 Untala 34.1 48.98 41.16 48.98 55 79 66.38 79 18 33 27.1 32.5 29 40 34.1 39.5
AQ7 Kutana 23 42 30.19 41 45 69 57.45 68.5 8 21 15.5 21 22 37 31.6 37
AQ8 Shera 22.1 31.05 26 31.05 49 69 57.77 69 9 18 14.8 18 9 28 21.8 27
CPCB / MOEF Standards
Industrial / Residential / Rural
and Other Area 60 100 80 80
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Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality
Code Location CO O3 NH3 MHC
Min Max Avg 98 per
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 18 36.25 24.41 33.62 1.1 83.19 72.89 82.59 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1
AQ2 Bholi 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.06 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1
AQ3 Rajapur 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.05 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ4 Gudha 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.06 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ5 Assankalan 1 2.1 1.41 2 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ6 Untala 1.1 2.1 1.47 2 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ7 Kutana 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.02 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ8 Shera 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
CPCB / MOEF Standards
Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other Area
4 80 400
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Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality
Code Location NMHC Benzene Bap As
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 1.8 3.25 2.41 3.62 .1 0.19 0.8 0.89 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1
AQ2 Bholi 0.1 5 2.16 4.25 2.1 3.6 2.58 3.35 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ3 Rajapur <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ4 Gudha <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ5 Assankalan <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.4 0.9 0.68 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ6 Untala <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ7 Kutana <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ8 Shera <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
CPCB / MOEF Standards
Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other Area
5 1 6
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Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality
Code Location Ni Pb
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 0.15 0.20 0.18 0.19
AQ2 Bholi <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ3 Rajapur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ4 Gudha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ5 Assankalan <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ6 Untala <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ7 Kutana <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ8 Shera <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other Area
20 0.5
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Table 3.9: Ambient Air quality Result (May 2018)
Code Location PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
Min Max Avg 98 per
Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project Site
49.8 57 55.2 58.3 78 94 86.1 93.2 15 23.6 19.8 24.59 24.5 32.6 29.6 33.5
AQ2 Baholi 23 45 32.6 43.3 42 73 60.2 74 10 21.9 14.9 20.2 22.3 42.6 31.9 40.3
AQ3 Rajapur 51 59 55.8 58.2 25.1 44 33.6 44.5 8 20.9 12.3 20.3 13.6 35.6 29.8 35.6
AQ4 Gudha 21 39 32.6 34.2 50.3 70.2 59.3 70.1 8.3 15.7 13.6 18.2 15.6 35.8 29.5 35.8
AQ5 Assankalan 36 51 36.1 48.3 54.1 80.1 64.6 80.1 16.2 22.9 19.3 22.3 25.8 38.9 32.2 35.1
AQ6 Untala 37 52.3 44.9 49.2 56 80.3 68.3 81.2 14.3 30.1 25.2 31.3 27.2 36.7 32.1 37.2
AQ7 Kutana 36 48 33.7 44 47.5 71.5 59.3 70.2 7.9 19.8 13.2 19.5 19.5 34.5 30.5 34.2
AQ8 Shera 24 33 29.3 33.6 51.1 72.6 59.3 71.2 8.5 17.9 13.6 16.3 7.9 27.5 19.8 25.4
CPCB / MOEF Standards
Industrial / Residential / Rural
and Other Area 60 100 80 80
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Code Location CO O3 NH3 MHC
Min Max Avg 98 per
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project Site 0.62 1.0 0.5 1.12 17 35.21 22.40 32.60 1.3 81.1 71.5 82.59 0.4 2.87 1.7 3.3
AQ2 Bholi 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.09 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1
AQ3 Rajapur 0.62 1.0 0.7 1.04 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ4 Gudha 0.75 1.0 0.6 1.07 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ5 Assankalan 0.9 2.0 1.42 1.9 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ6 Untala 1.0 2.0 1.45 2.1 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ7 Kutana 0.5 1.0 0.89 1.05 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
AQ8 Shera 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
CPCB / MOEF Standards
Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other Area
4 80 400
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Code Location NMHC Benzene Bap As
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project Site 0.6 1.12 0.96 1.15 1.78 3.24 2.40 3.66 .1 0.20 0.8 0.83 0.41 3.13 1.65 3.14
AQ2 Bholi 0.1 5 2.16 4.25 2.1 3.6 2.58 3.35 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ3 Rajapur <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ4 Gudha <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ5 Assankalan <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.4 0.9 0.68 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ6 Untala <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ7 Kutana <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
AQ8 Shera <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
CPCB / MOEF Standards
Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other Area
5 1 6
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Code Location Ni Pb
Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per
AQ1 Project Site 0.69 1.12 0.94 1.13 0.14 0.22 0.15 0.15
AQ2 Bholi <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ3 Rajapur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ4 Gudha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ5 Assankalan <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ6 Untala <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ7 Kutana <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
AQ8 Shera <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other Area
20 0.5
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3.5.4.1 Ambient Air Quality as per CAAQMS
IOCL Panipat unit has its own Environmental management cell that looks after Health, Safety and
Environment Department under its technical services department, which consists of well-qualified
and experienced technical personnel from the relevant fields, will be in place to look after
environment mitigation measures during the construction and operation phase.
The staff monthly monitors the various locations in the IOCL plant premises, they have set up
continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations in the company. They have set up 5 air
monitoring locations in the industry, 1 air monitoring location in the township and 2 air monitoring
locations near Panipat city.
Figure 3.5: Location of AAQ Station within Plant
Table 3.10: Air Quality Within the plant
S. No. Pollutants Unit
Time
Weighted
Average
NAAQ
Standards Dec’16 Jan’17 Feb’17
1 SO2 µg/m3 24 hrs. 80 25.48 23.71 23.57
2 NO2 µg/m3 24 hrs. 80 35.15 32.55 34.76
3 PM 10 µg/m3 24 hrs. 100.0 95.44 93.76 95.76
4 PM 2.5 µg/m3 24 hrs. 60 55.44 55.12 54.21
5 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 8 hrs. 100.0 36.25 24.83 26.58
6 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 24 hrs. 1 0.05 0.04 0.03
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7 CO mg/m3 8 hrs. 2 1.10 1.10 1.10
8 Ammonia (NH3) µg/m3 24 hrs 400 83.19 75.97 77.69
9 Benzene (C6H6) µg/m3 Annual 5 1.46 1.41 1.38
10 Benzo(O)
Pyrene ng/m3 Annual 1 <0.2 <0.2
<0.2
11 Arsenic (As) ng/m3 Annual 6 0.24 0.26 0.24
12 Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 Annual 20 1.91 1.73 1.66
3.6 Water Environment
3.6.1 Ground Water Quality
Ground water has been found as the most important source for catering the domestic needs of
water consumption of local population throughout the study area. Therefore, any kind of
deterioration owing to the industrial or the urban activities in the quality of ground water will pose
serious threat to health and attention needs to be paid towards maintaining the quality of water
using all possible tools such as regular monitoring with spontaneous remedial suggestions, if
required. With this view, 7 monitoring stations (tube wells) in the study area are identified for
assessment of ground water quality. These stations have been spread over the study area. The
locations of the ground water quality monitoring stations are listed in Table-3.11and Figure 3.4.
Table 3.11: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Stations
S.N Code Location Direction Dist. (Km) Latitude Longitude
1 GW1 Bahauli E 8.36 29°28'7.73"N 76°57'44.14"E
2 GW2 Near PTA - ETP
Area
- - - -
3 GW3 Baljatan WSW 2.97 29°27'20.94"N 76°51'3.59"E
4 GW4 Assankalan S 6.82 29°24'36.67"N 76°52'37.91"E
5 GW5 Untala SSW 9.05 29°23'32.78"N 76°50'59.41"E
6 GW6 Bhalsi SW 9.62 29°24'24.81"N 76°48'31.41"E
7 GW7 Near CISF Road NNE 1.79 29°29'15.59"N 76°52'45.76"E
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Figure 3.6: Groundwater and Surface water Monitoring Locations
3.6.1.1 Sampling and Analysis
The collected water samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as parameters
described in IS: 10500:2012. Table 3.12 gives desirable and permissible limits prescribed for potable
water in IS: 10500: 2012.
Table 3.12 :Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water
S.N Characteristic Requirement (Acceptable
Limit)
Permissible Limit in the Absence of
Alternate Source
Protocol
I Organoleptic and Physical Parameters
i) Colour, Hazen units, Max
5 15 IS 3025 (Part 4)
ii) Odour Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 5a)
iii) pH value 6.5-8.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 11)
iv) Taste Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 7&8)
v) Turbidity, NTU, Max 1 5 IS 3025 (Part 10)
vi) Total dissolved solids, mg/l, Max
500 2000 IS 3025 (Part 16)
II General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts
i) Aluminium (as Al), mg/l, Max
0.03 0.2 IS 3025 (Part 55)
ii) Ammonia (as total ammonia-N), mg/l, Max
0.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34)
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S.N Characteristic Requirement (Acceptable
Limit)
Permissible Limit in the Absence of
Alternate Source
Protocol
iii) Anionic detergents (as MBAS) mg/l, Max
0.2 1.0 IS 13428
iv) Barium (as Ba), mg/l, Max
0.7 No relaxation IS 15302
v) Boron (as B), mg/l, Max
0.5 1.0 IS 3025 (Part 57)
vi) Calcium (as Ca), mg/l, Max
75 200 IS 3025 (Part 40)
vii) Chloramines (as Cl2), mg/l, Max
4.0 No relaxation IS IS 3025 (Part 26)
viii) Chloride (as Cl), mg/l, Max
250 1000 IS 3025 (Part 32)
ix) Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max
0.05 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 42)
x) Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max
1.0 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 60)
xi) Free residual chlorine, mg/l, Min
0.2 1 IS 3025 (Part 26)
xii) Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max
0.3 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 53)
xiii) Magnesium (as Mg), mg/l, Max
30 100 IS 3025 (Part 46)
xiv) Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max
0.1 0.3 IS 3025 (Part 59)
xv) Mineral oil, mg/l, Max
0.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 39)
xvi) Nitrate (as NO3), mg/l, Max
45 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34)
xvii) Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l, Max
0.001 0.002 IS 3025 (Part 43)
xviii) Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max
0.01 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 56)
xix) Silver (as Ag), mg/l, Max
0.1 No relaxation IS 13428
xx) Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max
200 400 IS 3025 (Part 24)
xxi) Sulphide (as H2S), mg/l, Max
0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 29)
xxii) Total alkalinity as Calcium, mg/l, Max
200 600 IS 3025 (Part 23)
xxiii) Total hardness (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max
200 600 IS 3025 (Part 21)
xxiv) Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, 5 15 IS 3025 (Part 49)
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S.N Characteristic Requirement (Acceptable
Limit)
Permissible Limit in the Absence of
Alternate Source
Protocol
Max
III Parameters Concerning Toxic Substances
i) Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max
0.003 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 41)
ii) Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max
0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 27)
iii) Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max
0.01 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 47)
iv) Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max
0.001 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 48)
v) Molybdenum (as Mo), mg/l, Max
0.07 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 2)
vi) Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, Max
0.02 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 54)
vii) Polychlorinated biphenyls, mg/l, Max
0.0005 viii) No relaxation APHA 6630
viii) Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (as PAH), mg/l, Max
0.0001 No relaxation APHA 6630
ix) Total Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max
0.01 0.05 IS 3025 (Part 37)
x) Total chromium (as Cr), mg/l, Max
0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 52
xi) Trihalomethanes
a) Bromoform, mg/l, Max
0.1 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232
b) Dibromochloromethane, mg/l, Max
0.1 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232
c) Bromodichloromethane, mg/l, Max
0.06 No relaxation
ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232
d) Chloroform, mg/l, Max
0.2 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or APHA 6232
IV Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water
i All water intended for drinking, a) E. coli or thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB)
Shall not be detectable in any 100 ml sample
Source: Bureau of Indian Standard Code IS: 10500:2012.
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Table 3.13 : Ground water Quality in the Study Area
Sn. Parameters Units GW1
GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7
1 pH - 7.90 7.72 8.21 7.56 7.63 7.40 8.67
2 Colour Hazen
<1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
3 Odour
Un Objection-
able
Un Objection-able
Un Objection-able
Un Objection-able
Un Objection-able
Un Objection-able
Un Objection-able
4 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
5 TDS mg/l 487 362 257 332 451 326 442
6 Hardness as CaCO3
mg/l 391 294 189 257 322 278 265
7 Nitrate as NO3
mg/l 3.9 6.6 4.4 7.4 8.2 3.5 7.8
8 Chloride as Cl
mg/l 42 59 35 32 45 39 65
9 Sulphate as SO4
mg/l 15 23 19 26 42 37 35
10 Calcium as Ca
mg/l 87 78 43 63 88 58 74
11 Magnesium as Mg
mg/l 44 29 21 23 31 42 25
12 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.22
13 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.70 0.45 0.21 0.52 0.82 0.87 0.90
14 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3
mg/l 382 293 185 255 320 275 290
15 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.09 0.1 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.015 0.14
16 Copper as Cu
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
17 Cyanide as CN
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
18 Arsenic as As
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
19 Mercury as Hg
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
20 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
21 Chromium as Cr+6
mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
3.6.1.2 Observations
Colour: The colour of ground water sample is found<1 hazen unit.
Odour: The odour of ground water sample is agreeable and meets the desirable limit for
drinking water standard.
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pH: The pH value of ground water river water sample is 7.4 to 8.67 and always meets the
drinking water desirable standard.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS of ground water is 257 to 487 mg/l.
Total Hardness: Total hardness value ground water sample is 189 to 391 mg/l.
Iron: The iron content in ground water sample is 0.12 to 0.24 mg/l and found within the
permissible limit of 0.3 mg/l in the absence of alternate source of potable water.
Chloride: Chloride content of ground water sample is 32 to 65 mg/l and meets the
acceptable limit of 250 mg/l.
Calcium: Calcium content in ground water 43 to 88 mg/l and found within the acceptable
limit of 75 mg/l.
Magnesium: Magnesium content in ground water sample is 21 to 44 mg/l and found within
the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.
Sulphate: Sulphate content in ground water river water sample is 15.0 to 42.0 mg/l and
meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l for potable water.
Nitrate: Nitrate content in ground water is 3.5 to 8.2 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of
45 mg/l for potable water.
Fluoride: Fluoride content of water sample is 0.21 to 0.90 mg/l and meets the acceptable
limit of 1 mg/l for potable water.
Conclusions: The results of ground water were compared to Indian Standard Specification of
drinking water IS: 10500:2012 and were found within the permissible limits.
3.6.2 Surface water Quality
There is no river running around the proposed site. A good number of manmade canals and drains
exist within the impact zone, namely Western Yamuna Canal, Main Drain No. 2, Munak Drain,
Gagsina East Drain, Nahar Kuna Hansi Drain, Phurla Drain, Gandha Nala, Gahana Feeder, Untala
Drain, Khandra Drain, Thirana Drain etc. These drains and nalas form a network spreading in the
impact zone and they ultimately meet Yamuna. Of them, Western Yamuna Canal is the nearest
major canal flowing within 2 km in the northern part of the location of the proposed site. The raw
water requirement is fulfilled by Western Yamuna Canal. To assess the quality of surface water, 3
stations are selected and monitored. The sampling stations and their brief description are given in
Table-3.14
Table 3.14 : Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations
S.N Code Location Direction Dist. (Km) Latitude Longitude
1 SW 1 On Munak river ESE 2.21 29°27'26.27"N
76°53'30.59"E
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3.6.2.1 Characteristics of Surface Water Samples
The surface water sample was collected from Munak River (SW1), Drain no.2 at Sithana village (SW2)
and Western Yamuna Canal (SW3) and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. Table 3.15
gives analyzed results of surface water and discussed below:
Table 3.15: Surface Water Quality
S.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3
1. Colour Hazan Colourless Colourless Colourless
2. Turbidity NTU
3. pH -- 7.41 7.89 7.71
4. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 220 235 172
5. Total Hardness mg/l 135 125 105
6. Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.21 0.06 0.15
7. Chloride (Cl) mg/l 45 51 33
8. Calcium (Ca) mg/l 34 33 21
9. Magnesium (Mg) mg/l 12 10 13
10. Copper (Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
11. Manganese (Mn) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
12. Sulphate (SO4) mg/l 15 27 16
13. Nitrate (NO3) mg/l 1.6 1.7 1.1
14. Fluoride (F) mg/l 0.24 0.15 0.11
15. Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL
16. Mercury (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
17. Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
18. Selenium (Se) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
19. Arsenic (As) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
20. Cyanide (CN) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
21. Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
22. Zinc (Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
23. Anionic Detergents mg/l BDL BDL BDL
24. Hexa. Chromium (Cr+6) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
25. Mineral Oil mg/l BDL BDL BDL
26. Pesticides mg/l BDL BDL BDL
27. Alkalinity as caco3 mg/l 101 176 155
28. Aluminum (as Al) mg/l BDL BDL BDL
29. Boron mg/l BDL BDL BDL
30. TSS mg/l 43 56 41
31. DO mg/l 5.5 4.4 5.1
32. BOD mg/l 9 21 18
33. COD mg/l 24 74 36
3.6.2.2 Observations
Colour: The colour of surface water sample is found <1 hazen unit.
2 SW2 Drain no.2 , Sithana village
ESE 0.84 29°27'3.24"N 76°54'20.95"E
3 SW 3 Western Yamuna Canal S 3.69 29°27'50.81"N
76°52'34.72"E
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Odour: The odour of surface water sample is agreeable and meets the desirable limit for
drinking water standard.
pH:The pH value of surface water sample is 7.4 – 7.8 and always meets the drinking water
desirable standard.
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS of surface water sample is 172 - 235 mg/l and meets
permissible limit of 500 mg/l.
Total Hardness: Total hardness value surface water sample is 105 – 135 mg/l Hardness value
is within the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l.
Iron: The iron content in surface water sample is 0.06 – 0.21 mg/l and found within the
permissible limit of 0.3 mg/l in the absence of alternate source of potable water.
Chloride: Chloride content of surface water sample is 33 - 51 mg/l and meets the acceptable
limit of 250 mg/l.
Calcium: Calcium content in surface water sample is 21 - 34 mg/l and found within the
acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.
Magnesium: Magnesium content in surface water sample is 10 – 13 mg/l and found within
the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.
Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity of surface water sample is 101 - 176 mg/l and meets within
the permissible limit 600 mg/l.
Sulphate: Sulphate content in surface water sample is 15 -27 mg/l and meets the acceptable
limit of 200 mg/l for potable water.
Nitrate:Nitrate content in surface water sample is 1.1 – 1.7 mg/l and meets the acceptable
limit of 45 mg/l for potable water.
Fluoride:Fluoride content of surface water sample is 0.11 – 0.24 mg/l and meets the
acceptable limit of 1 mg/l for potable water.
3.6.3 Treated Water Quality
IOCL Panipat Naphtha Cracker regular monitors the ETP waste water samples. The waste water
sampling results at ETP showed that the all the wastewater was within permissible limits. The results
are tabulated below:
Table 3.16: Treated Water Quality
Parameter Limit Dec’16 Jan’17 Feb’17
pH 6.5-8.5 7.5 7.4 7.6
Fluoride <5.0 0.24 0.21 0.25
BOD 30 9.9 10 15
COD 250 119 120 125
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TSS 100 17.4 18 16
Phenol <1 0.10 0.20 0.25
sulfide 2 1.2 1.3 1.2
3.7 Noise Environment
A total of eight locations within an area of 10 km radius around the project site have been selected
for measurement of ambient noise levels, covering residential & sensitive areas. These locations
have been displayed in Table 3.17.
Major Sources of Noise in Study Area
The study area is of both industrial & residential in nature. Vehicular movement on the roads is a
source of noise in those residential & industrial areas. This increases the ambient noise levels. There
are also a number of other domestic noise sources such as television, radio, loud speakers, etc.
3.7.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring
In the present study, a sound level meter has measured sound pressure levels. Since loudness of
sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of loudness on frequency must be
taken into account in environmental noise assessment. This has been achieved by using A-weighting
filters in the noise measuring instrument which gives a direct reading of approximate loudness.
Moreover, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values have been computed
from the values of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) measured with the help of a noise meter.
At each location, readings were taken at uniform interval over a twenty-four hours period, divided
into day and night shifts. For a particular location daytime Leq has been computed from the SPL
values measured between 6.00 A.M to 10.00 P.M and night time Leq from the SPL values measured
between 10.00 P.M to 6.00 A.M such that comparison could be made with the National Ambient
Noise Standards.
3.7.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area
Noise levels in Leq at the respective locations separately for Day and Night times have been
presented in Table 3.13. During the day time, the equivalent noise levels were found to vary in the
range of (44.6 - 64) dB (A) while in the night time, the equivalent noise levels were observed to be
varying in the range of (27-45) dB (A). The highest value of equivalent noise level pressure was found
to be 64 dB (A) at Project Site while the lowest value was found to be 44.6 dB(A) during day time. As
usual, the day time noise levels were found to be higher than those, observed at night level.
Table 3.17: Noise Levels in Study area
Locations Category of Area Day Time dB(A) Night Time dB(A)
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Locations Category of Area Day Time dB(A) Night Time dB(A)
Project Site Industrial 64 45
Bholi Residential 54.3 42.5
Rajapur Residential 53.4 41
Gudha Residential 57.3 42
Assankalan Residential 45.6 32
Untala Residential 55.9 38
Kutana Residential 54.0 33
Sherah Residential 44.6 27
3.8 Soil Environment
The district has two types of soils viz-tropical arid brown and arid brown soils (solemnized). The arid
brown soils are found in major parts of the district whereas tropical arid brown soils are found in
north eastern part of the district. Especially in parts of Bapoli and Panipat blocks. Mostly the soils are
loam and Silty loam in the district as classified by the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use
Planning, Nagpur, the district has mainly Aquepts-Ochrepts and Aquents Fluvents types of soil.
Soil Types in Haryana
According to the Soil Taxonomic Classification the soils of Haryana fall in the following orders (C.C.S.
Haryana Agricultural University)
S. No. Order Area (%) D (%) Districts
1. Inceptisols 58.0 All districts
2. Entisols 29.0 All districts
3. Aridisols 9.0 Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar and Bhiwani
4. Alfisols 2.0 Karnal and Kurukshetra
5. Hills and Rock outcrops 2.0 Mahendergarh, Rewari, Gurgaon and Panchkula
3.8.1 Field Study, Sampling and Analysis
To assess the impacts of the industrial and urban activities on the soils in the area, the chemical
characteristics of soils within the study area have been examined by obtaining soil samples from
selected points and analysis of the same. The physico-chemical properties, nutrient content and
infiltration characteristics of soils within the study area have been analyzed at five different locations
during the study to establish the soil characteristics. Keeping in view the vegetative cover, soil types
and maximum deposition of pollutants emitted through stacks, which would accord an overall idea
of the soil characteristics within the study area.
3.8.2 Selection of Sampling Locations
Sampling locations for the soil were identified primarily based on the distribution of vegetation and
the agricultural practices in the area. The sampling locations are predominantly representative of
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agricultural field in different directions. These locations were selected in order to have background
scenario w.r.t. the soil quality in the area.
3.8.3 Methodology
The soil sampling and analysis was conducted once in the study period, during December, 2016. The
samples were collected homogenous representatives of each location. 6 locations were selected to
monitor the soil quality in the study area. The soil characteristics are summarized given below.
Table 3.18: Soil Sampling Locations
Figure 3.6:Soil Quality Monitoring Locations
3.8.4 Soil Quality
The value of important physical and chemical parameters of these soil samples are given in Table
3.19
Table 3.19 : Soil Characteristics in the Study area
SN Parameters Unit Project site
Dadlana Shah Jahanpur
Bahauli Asankalan Shera
1 Colour Brownish Browni Brownish Brownis Brownish Brownis
S. No.
Sampling Location Direction Dist. (Km)
Latitude Longitude
1 S1 Premises of project site - - - -
2 S2 Dadlana ENE 2.48 29°28'42.63"N 76°54'2.83"E
3 S3 Shah Jahanpur NNE 8 .29 29°32'31.26"N 76°54'19.90"E
4 S4 Bahauli E 8.36 29°28'7.73"N 76°57'44.14"E
5 S5 Asankalan S 7.0 29°24'35.69"N 76°52'38.32"E
6 S6 Sherah WSW 6.41 29°26'24.99"N 76°49'7.65"E
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sh h h
2 Texture Sility sand Sility sand
Sility sand
Sility sand
Sility sand Sility sand
3 Water Holding .
% 42.40 47.0 40.21 44.53 40.56 46.15
4 Bulk Density gm/ cc 1.19 1.21 1.31 1.27 1.25 1.29
5 pH 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.5 8.7 9.58
6 Sodium meq/100g
34.20 30.61 29.31 31.33 41.78 32.70
7 Phosphorus mg/ kg 6.1 7.3 7.6 7.4 6.2 8.2
9 Calcium mg/ 100g
2.85 3.45 3.57 3.80 2.57 3.95
10 Magnesium mg/ 100g
59.24 72.52 67.83 80.21 55.67 75.84
11 Chloride meq/100g
0.41 0.42 0.38 0.49 0.44 0.45
12 Organic Carbon
% 0.25 0.29 0.42 0.35 0.12 0.31
3.8.5 Observation
From the tabulated values, the following conclusions can be made about the physical and chemical
characteristics of the soil samples.
Colour: Soil samples from all six locations are brownish.
Texture: Soil samples from all six locations are silty sand in texture.
Water Holding Capacity (WHC):Water holding capacity (WHC) of soil samples of the study
area ranges between 40.21 to 47 % and these soils have good capability of retaining
sufficient water during irrigation for facilitating the plant growth.
Bulk Density: Bulk density of soil in the study area is found to be in the range from 1.19 to
1.31 g/cm3.
pH: pH was determined by taking 1:5 ratio of soil and distilled water. pH of soil in the study
area is found to be slightly alkaline in the range of 7.9 to 9.58.
Sodium: Sodium content of the soil samples in the study area is in range 29.31 to 41.78
meq/100g.
Phosphorus: Sulphate content in soil sample of the study area is found in the range of 6.1 to
8.2 mg/kg.
Calcium: Calcium content in soil samples ranges from 2.57 to 3.95 mg/100g.
Chloride: Chloride content in soil samples of the study area is found in the range of 0.38 to
0.49 meq/100g.
Organic Carbon: Organic Carbon in the soil sample ranges from 0.12 to 0.42%.
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3.9 Socio Economic Environment
The Baseline Demographic and Socio economic characteristics with regards to demography, literacy
and occupational status have been described, based on the Primary Census Abstract, 2011, while the
relevant details of the Infrastructure Facilities have also been extracted from the Primary Census
Abstract, 2011. The proposed project is located at village Baljatan, tehsil Matlauda, and district
Panipat in the state of Haryana. The study area comprises of 25 villages, a small part of town under
Panipat Municipal Committee which falls in urban category. Socio-economic studies for this small
urban area have not been undertaken. Demographic characteristics in terms of population and list of
villages are given in Table 3.20
Table 3.20: Population Details
Sr No. Name of Village No. of House
Holds
Total
Population
Male
Population
Female
Population
1 Rairkalan 1068 5399 2877 2522
2 Baljattan 512 3045 1595 1450
3 Kurana 143 725 415 310
4 Begampur 143 725 415 310
5 Razapur 596 3327 1737 1590
6 Sithana 1100 5722 3035 2687
7 Mahmadpur 397 2085 1101 984
8 Sikanderpur 1727 8894 4844 4050
9 Panipat Taraf Ansar 8828 42877 22967 19910
10 Shodapur 1219 6423 3458 2965
11 Faridpur 484 2237 1204 1033
12 Kachrauli 1074 5400 2869 2531
13 Badauli 749 3822 2020 1802
14 Gudha 785 4180 2207 1973
15 Kutana 449 2307 1182 1125
16 Nauhra 749 3822 2020 1802
17 Assan Kalan 919 4960 2588 2372
18 Asan Khurd 1511 6873 3767 3106
19 Mahayudinpur Thirana 362 1905 1023 882
20 Shadipur 5 21 8 13
21 Shera 757 4062 2185 1877
22 Khandra 392 2153 1181 972
23 Dharam Garh 609 3248 1726 1522
24 Munak 2088 11507 6050 5457
25 Babarpur 385 1902 1030 878
26 Dadlana 2922 11413 6181 5232
Total 29973 149040 79685 69355
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The study area is moderately populated with the total population of 1, 49,040 (as per 2011 Census).
Scheduled Caste (SC) population is about 24.26% of the total population. As per 2011 Census,
Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is not found in the study area. The sex ratio is about 858 females per
1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 54.8%. Male literacy rate is 34.1% and female literacy
rate is 20.7%. The primary sources of drinking water are tube wells and water supply facilities.
3.9.1 Demographic Aspects
Distribution of Population
The total population of the study area was 1, 49,040 as per Census Data of 2011. The distribution of
the total population in the study area is presented in Table 3.21
Table 3.21 : Population Distribution
Particulars Number
No of households 29973
Total Population 149040
Male Population 79685
Female Population 69355
Social Structure
In 2011, about 26% of the total population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC). No Scheduled Tribes
(ST) in the study area.
Table 3.22 : Distribution of Population by Social Structure in Study area (2011)
Particulars Number
Total Scheduled Castes 39253
Scheduled Castes Male 20585
Scheduled Castes Female 18668
Total Scheduled Tribes -
Scheduled Tribes Male -
Scheduled Tribes Female -
Literacy Levels
The literacy rate was 65 % of the total population in 2011. The male literacy rate was 71% (of total
male population), whereas corresponding figures for the female literacy rate was 56% (of total
female) in 2011 .The details are presented in Table 3.23
Table 3.23 : Distribution of Literates in the Study Area (2011)
S. No Particulars Number
1. Total Literates 96369
2. Male Literates 56859
3. Female Literates 39510
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Occupational Structure
The occupational structure of people in the study area is studied with reference to main workers and
marginal workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census
Department, which consists of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry,
fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and
other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication
and other services. The marginal workers are those workers, engaged in some work for a period of
less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey.
Altogether, the total workers were 34% of the total population in 2011 whereas the main workers
are 28%, marginal workers are 5% and the non-workers were 62% of the total population in 2011.
The distribution of workers in the study area by occupation structure is presented in Table- 3.24
(Based on 2011 Census Data).
Table 3.24 : Occupational Structure in the Study Area (2011)
S. No Status Number
1. Total Population 149040
2. Male Population 79685
3. Female Population 69355
S. No Occupation Number
1. Total Workers 50203
Male 40272
Female 9931
2. Main Workers 42326
Male 35333
Female 6993
3. Marginal Workers 7877
Male 4939
Female 2938
4. Non workers 95521
Male 36996
Female 5525
3.9.2 Infrastructure Facilities
The infrastructure and amenities available in the study area denotes the economic wellbeing of the
region. A review of infrastructure facilities available in the area has been done based on the
information given in the Primary Census abstract for the year 2011. The infrastructural facilities
available in the study area are described in the following section.
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Major Industries
Major Industries around 10 km radius of the Panipat Refinery are as follows
M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited- Oil refinery at Panipat
M/s Panipat Thermal Power Plant
M/s Jaypee Cement Grinding Unit
M/s Narayan Woolen Mills
M/s Nova Biofuels Pvt. Ltd
Educational Facilities
The educational facilities are almost evenly distributed in the area. In all, there are 42 primary
schools, 27 middle schools and a few other educational institutions in the rural sector of the study
area. Higher education facilities are available in the urban sector of the study area.
Medical Facilities
Medical facility in some form or the other is available to the population residing with the rural
segment of the study area. However, medical facilities i.e. Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Health Centers
etc. are readily available within the urban segment of the study area.
Drinking Water Facilities
Tap water or ground water is being used in the different villages located in the rural sector of the
concerned C.D Blocks. As per 2011 Census, total 41 wells and 47 tanks is within the rural area. In the
urban area tube well and tap water are the sources of drinking water.
Electricity
Most of the villages in the concerned C.D Blocks have electricity available for domestic purposes.
Communication Transport & Access Facilities
Around 70% of the villages in the concerned C.D Blocks have post office available within 10 km
distance. Pucca road is available in all the villages in the study area. In the urban area surface rail,
taxies, buses and auto-rickshaws etc. are available for communication.
3.9.3 Traffic Analysis
IOCL Panipat complexis attached to the NH 115, NH 114.The Panipat complex has a well-developed
infrastructure for utilities. Iocl has already provided internally the facility for parking of vehicles,
tankers Buses and trucks. The proposed project surroundings already has general infrastructure
facilities for dispatch of products, approach road. The proposed project has a well-developed
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infrastructure for utilities. It will provide internal facility for parking of vehicles, buses, tankers and
trucks. The proposed project surroundings has approach road and general infrastructure facilities for
dispatch of products. No roads are designed with sharp/curved turns in the company premises. The
major part of transportation of raw material and manufactured products is done by pipeline.
Approx. 6 acres of total plant(34 acres)area will be used for roads and parking. Hence there are no
chances of traffic congestion within and outside plant No roads are designed with sharp/curved
turns in the company premises. The major part of transportation of raw products and manufactured
products is done by pipeline. Hence there are no chances of traffic congestion within and outside the
Refinery premises.
Below are the vehicle details
During Construction – (Period 16 months)
1. Material Supply – 400- 450 Truck (15 MT/ Truck)
2. Civil Work – 2000 - 2200 Truck (15 MT/Truck)
3. Cranes, Forklift, Boom Trucks – 8 - 10
During Operation – (Every Day)
1. Feed stock – 100 – 110 Truck (5 MT/Truck)
2. Ash – 10 -15 Trucks
3. Mud – 1- 2 Trucks
4. Enzyme – 1 Truck (per month)
5. Chemicals – 1 tanker (per 15 days)
Figure 3.7: Site Connectivity
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3.10 Ecology
Study was carried out through field survey along with literature reviews/desk research to
understand the ecological (both terrestrial and aquatic) condition of the study area (December 2016-
February 2017).
The concept of ecology has been increasingly used as conceptual focus for conservation policy and
to measure species extinction and ecosystem loss in response to natural and human induced
selection pressures. Thus, in any environmental analysis where integration of ecological thoughts
into planning process is required, such kind of analysis of biological environmental status survey is
very significant. So, this type of assessment includes evaluation of both the terrestrial & aquatic
ecology.
3.10.1 Study Methodology
Biological environment is a good bio-indicator of changing environmental quality. Reconnaissance
survey was undertaken around the proposed project site. In the present survey 10 km radius area
around the project site was considered as study area. Both terrestrial and aquatic ecological analysis
was carried out in the field and in the laboratory. Assessment of flora and fauna was undertaken in
the study area. The field study was undertaken during December 2016.
In addition to the field study, literature review /desk research was carried out to determine the
existing conditions within the study area and to identify habitats and species of potential importance
that may be affected by the Project.
The following parameters were primarily considered in the study.
Assessment of present state of vegetation, flora and fauna in the study area.
Collection of data from literature about the flora and faunal accounts
Identification of rare endangered plants and animal species (if any).
Identification of important plants/animal species having diverse economic values.
3.10.2 Terrestrial Ecology
The natural flora and fauna of the land habitats constitute terrestrial ecosystem. The study of
terrestrial ecosystem is important as a part of the monitoring environmental changes. Due to rapid
industrialization, currently the ecological status of an area changed dramatically. Thus impact
evaluation of any developmental activities is highly essential with a view to formulation of migratory
plan layout.
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A) Floral Survey
Though natural vegetation of this area is very poor except some degraded patches of evergreen
scrub or thorny forests, but overall floral diversity is fairly high. The major components of natural
forest are Dhak of Palas (Butea monosperma), Jand (Prosopis cineraria), Kaur (Capparis decidua),
Hins (Capperis sepraria), Kikar (Acacia nilotica) and Datepalm (Phoenix sylvestris).
During present field survey, a large number of plant species were recorded in different habitats.
They are listed. There is no rare and endangered plant species in the present study area.
B) Plantation Forestry
As the natural forest area was currently very poor in this district, enormous attempt has been made
for raising plantation forestry in Govt. as well as private land either through social forestry
programme or by organized strip plantation by the forest department. Over last two decades such
attempts were undertaken. Many fast-growing trees, ornamental plants and also fruit trees were
planted through these programs. Usually through mass strip plantation programme along the
railway line, road, canal bank, drain bank, and also even in degraded notified forest land, a
considerable volume of wood biomass was expected in this area. Four major plant categories were
used for this purpose viz. Shisam, Kikar, Eucalyptus, and other mixed types.
In addition various private land and also panchayat areas were taken up for social forestry programs.
A total of more than twenty five plant species were regularly utilized for planting in this programme
during onset on monsoon period. The details of plant species used in the social forestry programs
are given in the Table-3.22. Among them once again the most prevalent species that are used for
these purposes were Kikar, Eucalyptus, Khair, Shisham, Teak and Neem.
Plants of Economic Importance
A good number of plants found in this area having enormous importance as medicine & other allied
uses. There are listed in Table3.23However none of the plants can be considered as rare &
endangered as suggested by IUCN. There is no wild germplasm stock in the area under survey.
C) Faunal Survey
The project site proper proposed is currently under extensive cultivation. There were isolated trees,
canal bank strip plantations, and thorny scrub vegetation remnants in the peripheral regions.
However, in the buffer region (i.e. around 20 kms from the site) a good number of village
settlements with small orchards, industrial complexes like refineries, thermal power plant and urban
settlement areas like Panipat Township. There were scattered plantation in the industrial leasehold
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areas, upland cultivated area, small village orchards, and strip plantation also along the canals, roads
etc. There is no trace of reserve forest or protected forest except patchy remnants of thorny
deciduous forest patch. There were scattered marshes, irrigation canals and a few ponds particularly
in and around villages.
The afforested habitats provide resource for good number of faunal livelihood. The major faunal
records were made here on the basis of the current field visits done. The details are given in the
Table-3.24. On the whole it reveals that a sizeable number of animal species comprising of two
amphibian, four reptiles, forty eight birds and eight mammals were quite common to this area.
As the original habitat was very much transformed for agriculture and there were continuous
industrialization in this area, the faunal diversities were very much disturbed. In spite of these facts
birds were most prevalent in this area. The most abundantly noticed birds are Cattle Egret, Pariah
Kite, Red Wattled Lapwing, Pigeon, Bawk Moyna and Redvented Bulbul.
D) Endangered Animals
There is no wildlife sanctuary or national park in and around the study area. However, none of the
species recorded so far in the faunal diversity list appears to be endangered animals except monitor
lizard and pea fowl, whose occurrence is now threatened due to poaching for commercial purpose.
E) Agriculture
The present study area and so also the entire Panipat District of Haryana is one of the prime
agricultural divisions of the country, where most of the land is under cultivation. Quite a good
number of crops were grown in this area. The major crops are paddy, jowar, bajra, makai and
sugarcane in kharif seasons, while that of rabi seasons crops are wheat, barley, sunflower, arahar,
mung, chana, masoor, rapeseed, pea and barseem. The average yield rate of paddy and wheat are
20-25 Q/hect and 36-37 Q/hect respectively. The cultivation in this area is highly mechanized and
there is profoundfacilities for canal and deep tube well irrigation. As per present record a total of
over 27,000 tube wells were installed in this district. The farmers also use both chemical and bio-
fertilizer in adequate quantity.
3.10.3 Aquatic Ecology
There are a number of canals and drains connected with river Yamuna. Over 350 pond of small and
medium size of which, 50% dry up during dry months. Aquatic biotic communities like Phytoplankton
and Zooplanktons, Macrophytes and Fishes were studied.
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A) Macrophytes
For studies on Macrophytes, marsh areas, canal and drains, water bodies of different size were
surveyed within the radius of about 10 km from the proposed site. A check list of macrophytes is
given in the Table.3.28 Among them water hyacinth, duckweed and hogla plants were most
common.
B) Planktons
Four sites were selected for plankton analysis. These are (i) Western Yamuna Canal (near Munak
village) as upstream point, (ii) Western Yamuna Canal (near Sithana village) as downstream point,
(iii) one pond near Kabri village and (iv) Drain no – 2 near IOCL Refinery. The detail of planktonic
diversities and their population load (no/lit) is given in Table-3.29
C) Fishes
A total of species of fishes were recorded as exists in different types of water bodies in the study
area. A checklist of fish species is given in the Table-3.29. Among the fishes, four common carps are
cultured in village ponds and jheels, white both carps and other catfishes were found in the rivers
and canal system.
Fisheries
The pisciculture activities were restricted only in the Yamuna River, canals and village ponds. The
culture fisheries were common practices in the confined water bodies over the years. Transported
fish seeds core supplied by State Fisheries Department to the villagers and commercial
entrepreneurs for pisciculture in confined water bodies. The yield rate is fairly high. The major carps
like Rahu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhina mrigala) and Cyprinus carp (Cyprinus
carpio) were primarily cultured.
With respect to capture fisheries, a good number of fishes were reported to be captured from rivers
and canal system in particulars. The major fishes were species of Mystus, Channa, Silonia, Rita and
Puntius etc.
Table 3.25: Floral Checklist of the Study area
S. No Scientific Name Local Name Family Habitats Occurrence
A) Trees
1 Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceaae 1,2
2 Acacia Senegal Khairi Leguminosae 1
3 Albizia lebbek Kala siris Leguminosae 2
4 Albizia procera Safed siris Leguminosae 2
5 Alslonia scholoris Chatim Apocyanaceae 2,3
6 Ailanthes excelsa Aruna Simarubiacene 2
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7 Azadiracta indica Neem Meliaceae 2
8 Banhinia purpurea Kachnar Leguminosae 2
9 Bomax ceiba Simal
10 Butea monosperma Dhak Leguminosae 1,2
11 Cassia fistula Amaltas Leguminosae 2,6
12 Cassia siamea -- Legminosae 2,6
13 Casuarina equisetifolia Jau Casuarinaceae 2,6
14 Callistemon speciosus -- Myrfaceae 2,6
15 Crataeva nurvala Barna Capparidaceae 1
16 Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Leguminosae 1,2,6
17 Delonix regia Gulmohar Leguminosae 2,6
18 Diospyros cordifolia Bistendu Ebenaceae 2
19 Erythrina arborescens Mother Leguminosae 2,6
20 Eucalyptus globosus -- Mytraceae 2,3,6
21 Ficus bengalensis Bargad Urticaceae 2,6
22 Ficus religiosa Pipal Urticaceae 2,6
23 Ficus palmata Anjir Urticaceae 2
24 Ficus glomerata Gullor Urticaceae 2
25 Holoptelea integrifolia Papri Urticaceae 2,6
26 Inga dulcis Wilayli Imli Leguminosae 2,3,6
27 Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Leguminosae 2,3
28 Magnolia champaka Champ Magnoliaceae 6
29 Mangifera indica Am Anacardiaceae 2,6
30 Mimusops elengi Bakul Sapotaceae 2,6
31 Melia azedarach Bakain Meliaceae 2,6
32 Moringa oleifera Sohanjana Moringaceae 2
33 Morus alba Toof Urficaceae 2,6
34 Millingtonia hortensis Akas neem Bignoniaceae 6
35 Mitragyna parvifolia Phaldu Rubiaceae 2,6
36 Parkinsonia aculeata -- Leguminosae 1,2
37 Phoenix sydyeshis Khazoor Palmae 1,2
38 Pongamia pinnata Papri Leguminosae 1,2,6
39 Prosopis juliflora Mesquite Leguminosae 1,4,2
40 Prosopis cineraria Jand Leguminosae 1,4
41 Populus deltoides Popular Salicaceae 2,6
42 Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru Anonnaceae 2,6
43 Putranjiva roxburghii Retranjba Euphorbiaceae 2,6
44 Salix tetrastomatica Willow Salicaceae 6
45 Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae 2,6
46 Tamarindus indica Imli Leguminosae 2
47 Tectona grandis Sagun Verbenaceae 2,6,4
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48 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae 2,6
49 Terminalia belerica Bahera Combretaceae 2,6
50 Thevetia peruviana Karabi Apocyanaceae 2
51 Ziziphus mauritiana Ber Rhamnaceae 1,2,4
(B) Shrubs and Herbs
1 Abutilon indicum Pathaka Malvaceae 1,4,5
2 Achyranthes aspera Phutkanda Amoranthaceae 1,4,5
3 Adhatoda vasica Bansak Acanthaceae 2,4
4 Aerva tomentosa Bui Amoranthaceae 1,2,4
5 Agave americana Keora Amaryllidaceae 2,4
6 Antigonon leptopus -- Polygonaceae 2,6
7 Boerhaavia diffusa Punaruara Nyctaginaceae 1,2,5
8 Bougainvillea Bougainvellia Nyctaginaceae 2,6
9 Calotropis procem Aak Asclepiadaceae 1,2,4
10 Capparis decidua Karir Capparidaceae 1,2,4
11 Cassia occidentalis Bonthala Leguminosae 1,2,4
12 Cassia tora Panwar Leguminosae 1,2,5
13 Cleome viscosa Bulhul Capparidaceae 1,2,5
14 Datura metel Kala Dhatura Solanaceae 1,2,5
15 Datura stramonium Dhatura Solanaceae 1,2,5
16 Euphobia hirta Dudhi Euphobiaceae 1,2,5
17 Flacourtia indica Kango Leguminosae 1,2
18 Ipomoea fistulosa Walafyali Aak Convulaceae 1,2,4,5
19 Lantana camara Panchpuli Verbenaceae 1,2,4,5
20 Opuntia dillenii Magphani Cactaceae 1,4,5
21 Polygonium orientale -- Polygonaceae 1,4,5
22 Parthenium -- Compositae 1,2,4,5
23 Ricinus communis -- Euphorbiaceae 2,4
24 Nerium odorum Kaner Apocyanaceae 2,6
25 Sida acuta Kharenti Malvaceae 1,2,4,5
26 Solanum xanthocarpum Kateri Solanaceae 1,4,5
27 Solanum nigrum Mahua maho Solanaceae 1,4,5
28 Solanum surattense Kakri Solaceae 1,4,5
29 Tribulus terrestris Chota Zygophyceae 1,4,5
30 Vitex negundo Bana Verbenaceae 1,2,4,5
31 Urena lobata -- Malvaceae 1,4,5
32 Xanthium strumarium Chola Compositae 1,4,5
C) Grasses, Hedges and Climbers:
1 Coccinia cordifolia Janglo Cucurbitaceae 1,2,4
2 Cuscuta reflexa Akash bel Cosnopulaceae 1,2,4,5
3 Capparis sepiaria Hins Capparidaceae 1,2,4,5
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4 Cyperus bulbosus Kila Cyperaceae 1,2,4,5
5 Cyperus rotundus Dilla Cyperaceae 4,5
6 Cocculus pendulus Vallus Merispermaceae 4,5
7 Momordica charantia Jangli kasula Cucurbitaceae 4,5
8 Perguleria extensa Trotur Asclepiadaceae 1,2,4,5
9 Tinospora cordifolia Gilloh Menispermaceae 2,4,5
10 Andropogon annulatus Gandra Poaceae 2,4,5
11 Cenchugus biflorus Bhurat Poaceae 2,5
12 Chrysopogon fulvus Dhanlar Pocaeae 2,4,5
13 Cymbopogon Anjan Pocaeae 2,4,5
14 Cynodon dactylon Dubesha Poaceae 2,4,5
15 Dichanthium Talwan Poaceae 2,5
16 Desmostachys Dub Poaceae 2,4
17 Echinochloa colorium China Poaceae 2,5
18 Erianthus munja Kana Poaceae 2,4
19 Imperata cylindrica Siris Poaceae 2,4
20 Panicum colonum Sanuak Poaceae 2,4
21 Saccharum Kans Poaceae 2,4,5
22 Sporobolus marginalus Chiria Poaceae 2,4,5
23 Vetiveria zizanoides Khas Poaceae 2,4,5
Habitat Types:
1- Thorny Bush 2-Village Orchards 3-Canal bank 4-aste land 5-Cropfields 6- Urbanareas
Table 3.26 : Major Plant species used for social Forestry Plantation in Panipat, Haryana
Sl. No. Common name Scientific name
1 Kikar Acacia nilotica
2 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus hybrids
3 Khairi Acacia senegal
4 Mango Mangifera indica
5 Casuarina Casuarina equisetifolia
6 Gulmohar Delonix regia
7 Bahera Terminalia balerica
8 Subabul Leucenea leucocephala
9 Arjun Terminalia arjuna 10 Neem Azadiracta indica
11 Jamun Sizygium cuminii
12 Sisham Dalbergia sisso
13 Papri Holoptelea integrifolia
14 Asan Terminalia tomentosa
15 Cassia Cassia siamea
16 Amrood Psidium guajava
17 Teak Tectona grandis
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18 Kachnar Bauhinia variagata
19 Bakain Melia azedirachta
20 Popular Populas deltoides
21 Erythrina Erythrina arborescense 22 Mesquite Prosopis juliflopha
23 Akas neem Millingtonia hortensis
24 Imli Tamarindus indica
25 Mullsery Morus alba
Table 3.27: Plants of Medicinal Importance & Other Allied Uses
S.No. Scientific name Local name &
common
name
Parts used
1 Alslonia scholoris Chatim Bark
2 Azadiracta indica Neem Seed leaf Bark
3 Bombax celba Simal Fruits
4 Butea monosperma Palas Flower, leaf
5 Erythrina arborescense Mother Flower, Bark
6 Moringa oleifera Sajina Flower, fruit leaf
7 Syzygium cumini Jamun Fruit, Bark 8 Tamarindus indica Tamarind Fruits
9 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Bark
10 Terminalia balerica Bahera Fruit, Bark
11 Thevetia nerifolia Karabi Fruit
12 Zizyphus mauritiana Ber Fruit
13 Achyranthes aspera Phutkanda Stem, root
14 Adhatoda vasica Basaka Leaf 15 Datura metal Dhutra Seeds
16 Sida acuta Kharenti Whole Plant
17 Solanum xanthocarpum Kateri Fruit
18 Tribulos terrestris Chota Cokhru Whole plant
19 Vitex negundo Nisenda Leaf
20 Vertiveria zizanoides Khas Root
Table 3.28: Record of Major Faunal Diversity in Study Area
S. No Common name Scientific name Distribution
(A) Amphibia
1 Cricket Frog Rana limnocharis C
2 Frog Rana tigrina C
(B) Reptilia
1 Garden Lizard Calotes sp C
2 Monitor Lizard Varanus sp C
3 Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus C
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4 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus C
(C) Aves
1 Dabchick Podiceps ruficollis O
2 Cormorant Phalacrocorax sp O
3 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea O
4 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii C
5 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis V
6 Large/Int. Egret Ardea/ Egretta sp O
7 Openbill Stark Anastomus oscitans O
8 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa O
9 Whistling Teal Dendrocygna sp O
10 Pariah Kite Milvus migrans V
11 Scavenger Vulture Neophron percnopterus O
12 Partridge Francolinus sp O
13 Peafowl Pavo cristatus O
14 Blackwinged stilt Himantopus C
15 Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus V
16 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia V
17 Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto V
18 Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri C
19 Koel Eudynamys O
20 Crow-Phosant Centropus sinensis O
21 Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis O
22 White breasted Halcyon smyrnensis C
23 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis V
24 Hoopae Upupa epops C
25 Coppersmith Megalaima O
26 Blue throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica O
27 Wire tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii O
28 Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor O
29 Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis V
30 Brahming Myna Sturnus pagodarum C
31 Pied Myna Sturnus Contra C 32 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis C
33 Bank Myna Acridotheres V
34 Indian Tree Pie Dendrocitta O
35 House Crow Corvus splendens C
36 Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos O
37 Redvented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer V
38 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus C
39 Babbler Turdoides sp C
40 Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius O
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41 Magpie Rabin Copsychus saularis O
42 Pied Bush Chat Saxicola caprata O
43 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata O
44 Sunbird Nectarinia sp O
45 House Sparrow Passer domesticus C
46 Baya Ploceus sp C
47 White throated Munia Lonchura malabarica O
48 Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata O
(D) Mammals
1 House Rat Rattus sp C
2 Mangoose Herpestes sp R
3 Squirrel Funumbulus sp C
4 Field Mouse Mus sp C
5 Hare Lepus sp O
6 Mole Rat Bandicota sp C
7 Monkey Macaca fascicularis C
8 Jackals Canis aureus O
Table 3.29 :Checklists of Macrophytic Plants in Aquatic Habitats
S. No. Common name Scientific name Growth form 1 Water hyacinth Eichornea crassipes Floating
2 Duck weed Lemna minor Floating 3 Hogla Typha domingensis Emergent
4 Kalmi Imomea aguatica Floating 5 - Alternanthesa philigesoides Floating
6 - Cyperus tagetiformis Emergent
7 Oriental pepper Polygonum orientale Amphibious 8 - Echinocloa sp Amphibious
9 Jal kumbhi Pistia stratiotes Floating
10 Lotus Nymphea nancheli Emergent
AQ1 = Pond, AQ2 = Drain No. 2, AQ3 = WJ Canal (u/s), AQ4 = WJ Canal (d/s)
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Table 3.30:Checklist of Common Fishes of Study Area
S.no. Common name Scientific name
1 Chital Notopterus chitala
2 Pholus Notopterus notopterus
3 Chela Salmostoma bacaila
4 Catla Catla catla
5 Rahu Labeo nolita
6 Bata Labeo bata
7 Mrigal Cirrhina mrigala
8 Punti Puntius sophor
9 Catfish Mystus seenglala
10 Rita Rita rita
11 Magur Clarius batrachus
12 Nandus Nardus nardus
13 Cyprinus cemp Cyprinus carpio
14 Lata Channa punctatus
15 Cylindrical fish Sinolia cylindica
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CHAPTER 4
Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the prediction and evaluation of impacts resulting from the various activities
during construction and operation phase of the proposed project. Any activity making a significant
effect is not permissible. This “significant effect” is required to be neutralized to a level of
“insignificance”. This can be achieved by various tools like in plant measures, segregation, and
environment friendly process and collectively termed as pollution control measures and providing
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and Emission Control Equipment (ECE) etc. Predictions are
superimposed over baseline environmental status to derive ultimate environmental scenario. The
impact of the proposed project has been considered and discussed in this chapter. “Environmental
Impact” refers to the alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of
environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions
under consideration. Both the beneficial (positive) and adverse (negative) impacts on various
components of environment are identified based on the nature of the various activities associated
with proposed project. Based on the present environmental scenario and baseline data, an exercise
has been undertaken to identify and evaluate the impact on the environment of the study area due
to the proposed project activities.
An environmental aspect is defined as an “element of an organization’s activities, products or
services which can interact with the environment” and a significant environmental aspect has or can
have a significant environmental impact. The basis of Environmental Impact Identification is to
methodically assess a system/process/site to determine all environmental aspects under normal and
abnormal (e.g. emergency) conditions. Each environmental aspect will be considered against various
criteria and assessed as being significant or not. It is essential to register all aspects so that the
process is auditable and those aspects not considered to be significant are simply recorded and do
not require further action. Therefore, anticipated impact on surrounding environment due to
proposed project and its activities have been identified and required mitigation measures to be
implemented have been incorporated in this chapter. Environmental impacts will be due to project
location, possible accidents, project design, project construction and regular operation of a
completed project. Chapter identifies adverse impacts on air, water and aesthetics from the
proposed project. It also provides control measures to minimize the possible impacts on various
environmental parameters. For identifying the impacts due to proposed project, baseline data
collected for during 01st December, 2016 to 28th February, 2017 is used. The impacts during
construction and operation phase of the proposed projects from various activities / aspect have
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been identified on individual environmental parameters and are described below along with all the
required mitigation measures.
Broadly, the proposed project may influence the environment of the area during Construction Phase
and Operation Phase. During the Construction period, the impact may be temporary or short term
while impact of operation phase might be of long term in nature till the project last. Hence,
environmental impacts of construction and operation phase of proposed 100 KLPD Ethanol plant
were predicted. Adequate environmental management measures shall be considered during the
entire planning of construction and operation stages of the project to minimize the adverse
environmental impacts and assure sustainable development of the area.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPACT
Impacts are identified during construction and operation phase. Below mentioned environmental
parameters are considered while identifying the impact.
Air Environment
Sources, ambient air quality, emission control, environment and health effects
Water Environment
Sources, water & wastewater quality, environment and health effects
Noise Environment
Sources, control measures, environment and health effects
Soil/ Land Environment
Land use, change in land use pattern, pollution sources, soil quality change, environment
and health effects
Biological Environment
Flora and fauna of the study area, vegetation and habitat change and control measures
Socioeconomic Environment
Demographical details, economic status, employment status, infrastructure availability,
environment and health effects
Occupational health and Safety Environment
Identification of health hazard due to operation, material handling, exposure of hazardous
chemical, health and safety plan and disaster management.
Anticipated Impacts and mitigation measures
Proposed project will be executed on 34.66 acres of land at Panipat, Haryana State. Impacts during
construction phase are short terms and restricted to proposed land. Impacts of major activities
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during construction and operation phase are mentioned in Table below. Detailed description of all
possible impact and its mitigation measures are mentioned below in each aspects of environment
i.e. Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Socio economic environment and Biological environment.
Table 4.1 :Project activities and its anticipated impact
Sr. No. Activity Impact identification
1. Site preparation/ Excavation/
foundation, removal of Shrubs
/small plants etc and preparation
of approach roads
Change in topography
Loss of fertile soil
Air pollution due to dust emission
Noise generation due to excavation machineries created
hearing problems
Change in land cover
2. Transportation of construction
material, equipment and
machineries
Air pollution due to dust emissions
Noise generation
Ground water and soil contamination
3. Handling/loading material
of and raw material unloading
Air pollution due handling of raw material and dust
emission
Solid waste due to spillage of material
Risk of occupational injury
Hiring of Vehicle and potential damage to road
Contamination of soil and ground water due to spillage oil
and fuel
Occupational risk
4. Construction Activities:
Vehicular movement for
transportation of material and
equipment Operations of cranes,
pneumatic /electrical vibrators
for concreting, blasting, welding
machines, concrete mixers, Plain
Concreting, RCC Civil foundations
and Erection Activities, Heavy
Fabrication work for erecting of
major plant Equipment etc
Soil contamination and change in land cover due to
spillage of construction waste on land
Air pollution due to dust and exhaust gas emission
Occupational health hazards due to exposure of dust
Noise pollution due to machineries and equipment.
Occupational hazards like hearing loss and respiratory
diseases
Air pollution from machineries used
Removal of topsoil
Temporary job creation
Fumes due to welding activities
Spillage of heavy fabrication waste material containing
heavy metal and paints
5. Storage of raw material Disposal of raw material like cement, tiles, ceramics,
Plaster of Paris (POP) on land causes soil pollution and
results in change in soil property.
6. Domestic activities Water and soil pollution due to Sewage generation
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Operation Phase
1. Operation Phase:
Manufacturing process
Workforce
accommodation and
sanitation
Storage and handling of
raw materials, fuel and
finished products
Manufacturing Process
of Ethanol
Operation of DG Set
Operation of Boiler
Storage and handling of
waste water and
treatment
Green belt / Tree
plantation
Resources consumption
Extraction of water from Yamuna river canal. Ground water
contamination if soak pit or ETP is not working properly.
Air emissions
Boiler stack releases air pollutant like PM (10, 2.5), SO2 and NOX
may causes loss of vegetation, health effect on community
residing nearby like respiratory, allergic diseases, Asthma, lung
disease etc. Odor generation may occur because of grain skin
removal, DDGS, sludge and fermentation.
Waste water
Wastewater will be generated from Boiler blow down, cooling
tower blow down, steam and process condensate, spent lees
from distillation. Ground water and soil pollution may occur if
directly disposed on the land. Surface water pollution may
occur if disposed of into the water body. Disposal of untreated
wastewater may causes health problems in the community,
change in physical and chemical properties of soil and water
which ultimately affects organisms present.
Noise generation
Noise may be generated from the operation of Boiler, DG sets
and other machineries / equipment. Occupational health
hazards can be to the Operators and other staff working in that
area.
Solid waste generation
Ash (Fly and bottom ash)
ETP sludge
Other non-hazardous waste like empty containers, batteries
etc.
Social environment
Employment generation
Development of road due to proposed project
No rehabilitation and resettlement required, hence no
negative impacts
No change in land use hence no negative impacts
2. Transportation of raw
material and Product
Air pollution due to emission of fugitive dust and
vehicular exhaust. It might cause health effect and loss of
vegetation of nearby area if not handled properly
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3. Handling and Storage of Raw
material
Ground water and soil contamination due to improper
handling of wastewater
Occupational risk due to spillage of raw material to the
surroundings if not stored properly
Air pollution due to generation of methane from
treatment process.
Risk of accident due to leakage and explosion
Risk associated with fire due to storage of fuel &Alcohol
4.2 Air Environment (Construction phase)
Source of pollution and its anticipated impacts:
Air and noise pollution due to dust emissions, noise due to excavation and vibration from
vehicles and road laying equipment
Change in land cover and local road
Risk of occupational injuries due to excavation work
Change in land cover due to excavation and removal of topsoil
Temporary job creation for excavation and site preparation work
Solid and hazardous waste generation due to spillage of raw material and oil
Possibility of ground water and soil contamination due to spillage of fuel and oil from truck
Due to hiring of vehicles and transport equipment / potential damage to village roads with
Occupational Risk associated with transport
Air pollution due to dust and exhaust gas emissions. noise emissions due to vehicular
movement
Contamination of soil due to leakage of fuel and oil from vehicles, mechanized tackles
Fumes due to welding activities and particulate emission due to machinery operation and
sometime high noise due cutting of different steel sections
Ground water contamination due to spillage of heavy fabrication waste material containing
heavy metals, coating material and paints
From all these activities, there is chance of occupation hazards like fall from height, burn
injuries, scratch on body, slipping on the ground and other incidences which can lead to
minor or major accident if not handled properly at initial stages.
Mitigation Measures:
Sprinkling of water on the haul roads and construction sites to suppress the dust emission
The vehicular impacts on the environment will be minimized by proper maintenance and
limitation on speed
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Use of Tarpaulin on the trucks to suppress the Dust emission during transportation of raw
material
Use of PUC/ RTO approved good condition Vehicles and proper maintenance
To avoid health hazards during construction phase, personal protective equipment’s will be
provided to workers as and when required
While bringing the raw material, it will be ensured that Trucks are filled and covered
properly to avoid the dusting and spillage of material.
The impacts on the ambient air quality during construction phase will be temporary and restricted to
project site. However, necessary mitigation measures like shutdown of machineries when not in
use, sprinkling of water, cover excavated/ construction materials by sheets, etc. will be taken.
Thus no adverse impacts on the surrounding environment are anticipated due to proposed
project.
Air Environment (Operation phase)
During operation phase emission from manufacturing processes will cause considerable impacts on
air, water and soil environment. Gaseous emission deteriorates the air quality, which ultimately
will affect other environmental parameters.
Main sources of air emission will be from the DG and Boiler Stacks. The fuel used for the
Boiler will be Indian Coal and Rice husk. The contents of Flue gas for Coal and Rice
husk/Lignin Cake
Air pollutants like SPM, SOX, NOx, CO2 , CH4& VOC’s will be emitted from manufacturing process
Dust generation is predicted from raw material transportation, storage and handling area.
Water will be sprinkled to suppress the dust.
During the operation phase of the proposed project, movement of goods vehicles, loading
and unloading operations may contribute to air emission.
Fugitive emissions like VOC from distillation columns, CO2 and ethanol from fermentation
process.
Odour will be probably generated from septic tank & ETP sludge.
Mitigation Measures:
Air emissions will be minimized to acceptable level by implementing the proper mitigation measures
as mentioned below,
Air pollution control equipment such as Bag Filter/ Cyclone will be used to minimize the
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stack emissions.
Bag filters and dust collectors will be used to minimize the particulate matter emission
Particulate matter, SO2 and NOx emission during transportation of raw material and product
are anticipated. It is assumed that 5-10 trucks will be coming at one time. However, this
would not lead to any tangible effect, as the expected emission volume is low. It would be
ensured that all the vehicles plying in the working zone are properly tuned and maintained
to keep emissions within the permissible limits. All the trucks, carrying various raw materials
will be covered with tarpaulin. At loading and unloading points, arrangement for Water
sprinkling will be made so that dust generation during transportation of materials is
minimized further.
Fugitive emissions are minor since fermentation and distillation are closed process.
Advance machinery will be utilized which ensures minimum leakages.
Adequate stack height i.e. 80-85 m will be provided for proper dispersion of air pollutant in
atmosphere.
33 % Greenbelt will be developed around the plant, at road side which will further reduce the
dust impact.
To reduce the odor from Fermentation Unit, ETP and Yeast sludge will be handled properly
and green belt shall be developed
Table 4.2: General composition of Rice husk, Rice straw and Indian Coal
Sr.
No.
Parameter
Rice
husk
(%)
Rice Straw
(%)
Indian Coal (%)
1. C 33.95 38.8 41.11
2. H2 5.01 6.7 2.76
3. N2 0.91 0.2 1.22
4. O2 32.52 38.8 9.89
5. S 0.09 0.2 0.41
6. Total moisture 10.79 10 5.98
7. Ash content 16.73 13.7 363
8. Volatile matter 56.46 65 20.70
9. Calorific value 3000 kcal/kg 3869
Kcal/kg
4,000 Kcal/kg
(Bureau of Energy Efficiency)
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4.2.1 Dispersion of Pollutants :
The objective of dispersion modeling is to predict the ground level concentration during the
operation of proposed plant and its impact on ambient air quality of the area. The impact on air
quality due to emissions from single source or group of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical
models. When air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into
surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air quality models are designed
to simulate these processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the
resulting downwind air quality. The inputs include emissions, meteorology and surrounding
topographic details to predict the impacts of conservative pollutants. The impacts of air pollutants
were predicted using Gaussian air dispersion model, which is selected on the basis of existence of
multiple point sources within the industrial complex and the plain terrain at the project site. The
Gaussian air dispersion model has been developed to simulate the effect of emissions from point
sources on air quality. Gaussian model is extensively used for predicting the Ground Level
Concentrations (GLCs) of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources. The impacts
of primary air pollutants are predicted using this air quality model keeping in view the plain terrain
at the project site.
The micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period have been used in this
model. The Gaussian model provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at various receptor
locations. It is an hour-by-hour steady state.
Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for hourly source emission rates, exit velocity
and stack gas temperature. Gaussian air dispersion models were used to estimate the ambient air
quality levels at different monitoring stations due to stack emissions.
Comparing the actual data and data generated from mathematical modeling, it highlights that the
stability condition E & A-B were predominant in the region. Using the estimated stack emission data
and wind speed directions, a mathematical model was prepared to establish the ground level
concentration in the region.
4.2.1.1 (a) Methodology
Prediction of GLC values are made by using Industrial Source Complex Short Term Model Version–3
(ISCST- 3) software approved by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This model uses a
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steady state, sector-averaged Gaussian plume equation for application in complex terrain (i.e.
terrain stack or release height) and is run using stability classes developed by Pasquill and Gifford.
Following are the assumptions made while using the model:
No dry and wet depletion of pollutants
Receptors are on flat terrain with no flag pole
Data Used for Computation
Stack emissions data have been used for prediction of short-term incremental GLC values of SO2
using the meteorological data collected at site during study period.
other meteorological data used is
Temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
Rainfall
As per wind rose diagram generated from data the predominant wind direction is Northwest to
south east
The details of boiler stack emissions load are given in Table 4.3 .
Table 4.3: boiler and Stack Details
Sr. No.
Description Flue gas emission
Boiler
1 Capacity TPH
2. Stack height above ground
80 - 85 m
3 Stack inner diameter 2.65 m
4 Material of construction (MoC)
RCC
5 Fuel used Rice Straw, Lignin Rich wet cake and Concentrated syrup
6. Fuel consumption Rice husk/ Rice Straw : 168 MT/day
7. Stack gas velocity 15 m/sec
8 Stack gas temperature 170-190 0C
9 Temperature of exhaust gasses
150-160 0C
10 Air pollution control equipment
ESP / Bag Filter, ID Fan, Chimney
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11 SO2 0.037 kg/sec
12 NOX 0.006 kg/sec
13 Emission Rate Max 100 mg/Nmᶟ
In the present case SO2 is an important pollutant, due to its emission in tune of 134 kg/hr, which is
in addition to emission of 1475 kg/hr from various operations in Panipat complex of IOCL. Hence,
SO2 becomes significant pollutants and other parameters are found to be insignificant.
4.2.1.1 (b) Dispersion Modeling Results The 24 hourly average ground level concentration (GLC) values from proposed plant have been
computed for SO2 considering topographical features around the proposed plant and applicable
stability classes. The maximum 24 hourly average GLC values for SO2 from Proposed plant are given
in Table
Table 4.4 Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC'S
Pollutant Maximum Baseline
Concentration (μg/m3)
Incremental Concentrations
due to Proposed Project (μg/m3)
Resultant Concentration(μg/m3)
CPCB Standard (μg/m3)
Distance
SO2 25.4 2.5 27.9 80 0.31 km
Towards
SE
The data reveals that with background SO2 concentrations, comprising of emission of SO2 from
entire Panipat Complex due to various activities and other ancillary/domestic anthropogenic
activities and proposed emissions from this project, there will be only incremental rise of 2.5 μg/m3
and GLCs found are well within CPCB standards for SO2.
With this marginal contribution due to the proposed project, the levels of SO2 will remain below the
24 –hourly ambient air quality standards for SO2 (80 μg/m3) prescribed by CPCB. The operation of
proposed expansion, will not likely to cause any significant impact on the ambient air quality of the
study area.
4.3 Water Environment (Construction Phase)
At the time of construction activities water will be required mainly for construction and domestic
use. It is estimated that maximum quantity of 20 KLD of water will be required for these
activities. The main source of pollution and their anticipated impacts are mentioned below:
Run off from construction site
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Domestic sewage about 2.5CMD
Health hazards due to unhygienic water
Mitigation Measures:
All identified impacts during construction phase will be negligible, temporary and restricted to the
plant boundary. Proper and effective mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize the
impact and ensure minimum effect on water resources. Proposed mitigation measures to avoid /
minimized predicted impacts are mentioned below:
Construction activities will be limited within project boundary. It will be ensured that
construction equipment are washed properly only at designated washing places to avoid
any unnecessary runoff at project site
Sewage will be discharged in a septic Tank
Drinking water and sanitation facilities will be provided to avoid unwanted impacts on
health and ground water during construction.
The wastewater generation during construction phase will not have any considerable effect on
water environment.
Water Environment (Operation Phase)
The required quantity of water for proposed plant and related activities will be from west Yamuna
river canal. The impact due to operation activities is Identified and mentioned below:
In the 2G process, process effluent will be discharged in the form of lignin rich wet cake and
concentrated syrup which will be burned in the boiler as a fuel under zero effluent
discharged designed philosophy.
The process condensate generate during evaporation is partly recycled to the process and
balance quantity will be treated in the process condensate treatment plant.
The capacity of process condensate treatment plant is designed to 1000 m3/day and water
recovered from the plant will be feed to Cooling tower makeup. The reject form the
treatment plant will be fed to evaporator under Zero effluent discharge design.
Each section of 2G Ethanol Plant has storm water collection pit with pumping system. All such
pits in the plant are connected through storm water collection & drainage network. During
monsoon, storm water for first 10-15 min will be transfer to Effluent Treatment Plant and then
it will be diverted to final storm water collection pit through storm water collection network.
The collected storm water is safely discharged into nearby channel.
Ref. Detailed Process condensate plant configuration and parameter given in Chapter 9
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4.4 Land Environment (Construction phase)
Site preparation activities shall change land use and land cover which will result in loss of
fertility of top soil and will change the natural terrain of the land. Fertile soil and nature of
terrain supports associated living of organisms. Change in land cover affects the specific
niche of the organism.
During site preparation change in land cover and land use was envisaged. However major
land and vegetation clearance will not occurred. Excavated top soil will be reused for
backfilling and in green belt development. Green belt development leads to favourable
changes in land cover. The greenbelt significantly helps to protect the land from erosion
and contamination.
Spillage & leakage of fuel as well as contamination of land due to spill of construction
material may impact the land to some extent.
There will be generation of garbage and sewage by the worker and other staff involved
during construction phase. Untreated sewage and garbage disposal on land might pollute
the land which may change physical and chemical properties of soil. Change in soil
properties ultimately affects the living organisms present in the soil. Open dumping or
improper disposal of sewage and garbage provides breeding ground for pathogenic
bacteria and other creatures which may spread diseases like Diarrhea, Infections with
intestinal helminthes (worms), Malaria, Typhoid and other infectious diseases.
Mitigation measures:
The construction activities like excavation for foundation, site preparation and vehicular
movements will definitely bring the changes in the landscape. However, these changes
shall be of short duration with no much impact. Excavated soil will be stored properly to
avoid the spread of wind-blown dust and shall be reused for backfilling and landscape
development.
Spillage & leakage of fuel will be prevented by providing well lined/ paved area for the
works having potential of leakage/ spillage of fuel or material. Hence contamination of
land due to spillage/ leakage of fuel or construction material with soil would not arise.
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Disposal of untreated sewage & garbage generated by workers & other staff will be
required in a systematic manner otherwise it will add into the contamination of land. The
sewage will be treated properly and garbage if any shall be disposed utilized to make a
composts to avoid the impact of these pollutant on the land.
Land Environment (Operation phase)
The potential sources of land or soil pollution could be the thin slop, which generates after the
distillation process. The associated impacts identified during the operation phase are
summarized below:
Ash from the Boiler
Sludge from fermentation and ETP
Table 4.5 Solid waste Management
ITEM UNIT VALUE SOURCE DISPOSAL
Solid Effluent
Mud
TPD 8 - 9 Wet Washing
The extraneous matter in the
form of sand/clay/stones/grit
coming along with the Rice Straw
will be removed in Wet Washing
unit as a mud. It is separated by
classification and collected in
trucks/tractor trolleys. As this
extraneous matter is coming from
the farms it will be sent back to
same farms for land application
Dewatered
Sludge
TPD 4.5 - 8.5 Process Condensate
Treatment Plant
Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Plant. The collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure
Ash
TPD 120 -
130 Boiler
Ash from the boiler is collected
and conveyed into silo for the
storage. This ash will be
transported to Cement or Brick
Manufacturing Unit by means of
covered trucks.The ash analysis is
shared to Ultra Tech Cement,
Shree Cement, Ambuja Cement ,
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Nirman Cement and under
discussion The logistics will be
planned to avoid any stoppage of
the plant.
Mitigation Measures:
The plant will implement zero level discharge concept. The treated water will be recycled
in the process. Therefore, there will not be any negative impact on soil.
Boiler ash will be sold to the brick/cement-manufacturing unit.
The fermented sludge and sludge from ETP will be used as manure for the green belt.
Lignin rich cake - Separated from the Solid Liquid Separation and is used as a boiler fuel
along with supplementary fuel.
Other hazardous solid wastes will be sent to authorized recycler or vender.
Thus, the solid waste generated from the plant will be insignificant.
It is envisaged that there will not be any major impacts on land environment during the operation
phase as most of the effluent generated shall be reused in the process.
4.5 Noise Environment (Construction Phase)
Predicted noise pollution sources and its impacts during the construction phase:
Operation of construction machineries, equipment and associated mechanical works will
generate the noise.
Noise from Vehicular movement.
Noise level will be in the range of 70-85 dB(A) at receptor point from the associated work of
construction. This generation will be of temporary nature and limited up to project
boundary. The exposure of workers to noise of high decibel may cause hearing loss or other
occupational health hazards.
Noise pollution during construction phase is temporary and restricted to project boundary only.
Mitigation Measures:
Noise from Vehicular movement will be within the limit by implementing the policy of
maintenance of Vehicles and PUC.
Transportation of construction machinery or raw material shall be allowed only during
daytime to reduce the impacts of increased noise
The construction equipment / machineries shall be turned off when not in use
Loud horn of vehicles will not be allowed at project area. Regular maintenance &
lubrication of construction equipment & machineries will be undertaken to reduce the
noise generation.
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Adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) like ear muff, ear plug, hand gloves, gum
boots etc. will be provided to worker which helps to prevent occupation health problems.
Noise Environment (Operation Phase)
Ambient noise levels will be increased during operation phase due to machineries and other
industrial activities. However the impacts of noise during this phase will be confined within plant
boundary or within the source of generation.
Mitigation Measures:
Vibrating pads & acoustic enclosure will be provided to noise generating equipment to
control noise level within norms
Latest technology and utmost care will be taken at the time of equipment / machinery
installation
Lubrication of moving/ rotating part or component of machineries will be done on regular
basis
The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety gears will also
act as noise reducers.
Design and layout of building to minimize transmission of noise, segregation of
particular items of plant
The operator’s cabins (control rooms) will be properly (acoustically) insulated with
special doors with observation windows
The operators working in the high-noise areas will be provided with ear-muffs or plugs
Acoustic enclosures and silencers will be provided to the Equipment wherever necessary
Proper green belt will be developed to reduce the noise level
Thus, it is envisaged that there will not be any adverse impacts of noise. The greenbelt
developed within the premises will have significant beneficial impacts on reduction of noise
within the periphery and outside the boundary.
Impact from Transportation of Raw Materials and Finished Products
Transportation of raw material and products will be through National Highway 1. During the
operation phase, movement of goods vehicles and loading & unloading operations may
contribute to emission of pollutants. But with advanced and stringent traffic management
system within the project site, emission will be minimized. The site will be properly regulated
through strict and disciplined vehicular movement and operation in the project site. It is
recommended that good quality road network shall be developed within the premises so that air
pollution due to dust shall be minimized. It is assumed that maximum 80-90 trucks will be
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana
present within the premises for different activities. Hence, no much pollution or impact from the
Vehicular traffic is envisaged while plant is in operation.
However, IOCL ensures proper arrangement of transportation and their movement, and hence
this would not lead to any major impact as emissions from 80-90 trucks will be very low. All the
trucks, carrying various raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin. At loading and unloading
points, arrangement for water sprinkling will be made so that dusts generation during
transportation of materials will be minimized further. Estimated types of vehicle and its
frequency are given in Table 4.12.
Table 4.6: Types of vehicles, frequency on NH- near project site
Sr. No. Vehicle type Total
vehicles per
hours
1. Two wheelers 25-30
2. Four wheelers 100-120
3. Auto rickshaws 5-10
4. Light commercial vehicles 120-150
5. Heavy vehicles-truck buses 100-120
Based on the findings of Table 4.12, it is observed that there are no major traffic loads and no
major impacts on the surrounding environment due to SO2 and NOx emission. Proposed project
will be adding only 80-90 truck per day which will not cause any tangible effect on the traffic.
4.6 Biological environment (Construction Phase)
Loss of vegetation due to land clearance and due to deposition of dust on the leaves of trees.
However identified impacts would be temporary & restricted to the construction phase. Hence,
there will not be any adverse impacts on the ecology / biological environment due to the
construction of proposed project. On the contrary, there will be positive impacts due to the
greenbelt development as presently there are no trees within the specified land.
Biological environment (Operation Phase)
Impacts on ecology shall be from the following sources:
Flue gas emissions in the air will lead to increase in concentration of Particulate Matter,
Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. An increase in air pollutants may affect the
vegetation growth in and around the area
Dust emission is envisaged during material handling & transportation, which affects the
growth of vegetation.
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Disposal of solid / hazardous waste on land pollute the soil, which eventually affect the
vegetation To mitigate the above mentioned impact following mitigation measures will
be implemented:
Air pollution control equipment like Bag Filter, Cyclone will be provided to reduce the
emission of particulate matter
Well-designed material storage area as well as handling facilities will be provided to
prevent particulate emissions from the storage, handling & transportation activities.
Solid waste storage area will be designed as per the guidelines to avoid the leachate
percolation into the ground or water bodies
Greenbelt area will be developed in & around the plant premises and shall be
maintained properly.
4.7 Socioeconomic Environment (Construction phase)
Socio-economic profiles of the study area of the proposed project were studied. The results
indicate that proposed project will have very positive impacts on the local people in the form of
employment generation and socioeconomic improvement. The details of positive impacts on the
surroundings are mentioned below.
Very positive impact through direct employment generation to the locals
Positive impact as indirect employment will be generated to support the required
activities of the project during construction as well as operation phase. This will improve
the economic status of the people.
As the proposed project will be away from habitation no Rehabilitation & Resettlement
(R&R) will not be required.
Proposed project does not involve any cultural heritage site.
Vehicular movement and it pollution shall be avoided by allowing the transport activities
during day time only by using well-maintained vehicles.
It is concluded that proposed project would not cause any adverse impacts on the environment
during construction phase.
Socioeconomic Environment (Operation phase)
Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures due to project operation on socioeconomic status
are mentioned below:
Operation phase will required to employ direct and indirect manpower for various
activities of production, transportation, O & M of ETP, maintenance of plant and
machineries etc.
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
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During operation phase, no adverse impacts are envisaged.
Proponent shall undertake CSR activities like infrastructure development, health and
sanitation facility for local people so that socio-economic condition of the locals shall be
improved.
From the above findings, it is observed that there will be positive socioeconomic impact of the
project and will definitely help to uplift the economic status of the local people.
4.8 Impact Assessment Matrix
Impact matrix facilitates to identify components and phases of project activities for
determination of likely impacts. Matrix identifies the interaction between project activities and
environmental components using a grid like table. Entries are made in the cell which highlights
impact severity in the form of symbols or numbers or descriptive comments. The impact of
different project activities on various environmental components like biological environment, air
environment, aesthetics and socio-economic have been summarized in a form of a matrix in
Table4.13.
Environmental Pollution
Water: surface and ground water pollution
Air: Ambient air quality
Soil: Soil quality
Land: Change in land use pattern and topography
Biological Environment
Existing Flora and fauna
Aquatic Ecosystem
Socioeconomic Environment
Health and safety, cultural, aesthetic and economic aspects
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
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Table 4.7: Impact Matrix of Proposed Project
Pre-
construction
Construction Phase Operation and maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Environment
components
Project activity
Parameters
Lan
d a
cqu
isit
ion
Site
cle
arin
g
Site
pre
par
atio
n
Exca
vati
on
/ T
em
po
rary
stru
ctu
re
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Civ
il/co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rk
Infl
ux
of
con
stru
ctio
n
wo
rke
rs
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Mo
vem
en
t o
f e
ne
rgy
rese
rve
s
Alc
oh
ol M
anu
fact
uri
ng
pro
cess
Co
gen
era
tio
n p
ow
er
pla
nt
Raw
Mat
eri
al /
Fin
ish
ed
Pro
du
cts
Sto
rage
& H
and
ling
Sto
rage
of
raw
mat
eri
al a
nd
fin
ish
ed
pro
du
cts
Op
era
tio
n o
f co
olin
g sy
ste
m
Po
lluti
on
co
ntr
ol
eq
uip
me
nt’
s n
on
fun
ctio
nin
g
Resources
utilization
Fuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0
Electricity 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0
Construction material
ex. Stone
0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Air Air Quality 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -2
Climate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Water Alteration of surface/
groundwater bodies
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2
Alteration of surface
run-off and interflow
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Alteration of HydraulicRegime 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -2
Soil/Land Soil erosion 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -3
Alteration of Soil
properties/ Soil Quality
0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -3
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
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Pre-
construction
Construction Phase Operation and maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Environment
components
Project activity
Parameters
Lan
d a
cqu
isit
ion
Site
cle
arin
g
Site
pre
par
atio
n
Exca
vati
on
/ T
em
po
rary
stru
ctu
re
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Civ
il/co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rk
Infl
ux
of
con
stru
ctio
n
wo
rke
rs
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Mo
vem
en
t o
f e
ne
rgy
rese
rve
s
Alc
oh
ol M
anu
fact
uri
ng
pro
cess
Co
gen
era
tio
n p
ow
er
pla
nt
Raw
Mat
eri
al /
Fin
ish
ed
Pro
du
cts
Sto
rage
& H
and
ling
Sto
rage
of
raw
mat
eri
al a
nd
fin
ish
ed
pro
du
cts
Op
era
tio
n o
f co
olin
g sy
ste
m
Po
lluti
on
co
ntr
ol
eq
uip
me
nt’
s n
on
fun
ctio
nin
g
Land topography 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Noise Noise pollution 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -
1
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -2
Ecology Effect on trees, grasses,
herbs & shrubs
0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3
Effect on farmland 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effect on aquatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effects on fauna ex. Birds,
butterflies,mammals etc.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2
Habitat change and removal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Introduce new exotic
species
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Occupational
Health &Hazards
Health 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -3
Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Socioeconomic Creation of new
economic activities
+1 0 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0
Commercial value of
Properties
+1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Generation of 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
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Pre-
construction
Construction Phase Operation and maintenance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Environment
components
Project activity
Parameters
Lan
d a
cqu
isit
ion
Site
cle
arin
g
Site
pre
par
atio
n
Exca
vati
on
/ T
em
po
rary
stru
ctu
re
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Civ
il/co
nst
ruct
ion
wo
rk
Infl
ux
of
con
stru
ctio
n
wo
rke
rs
Tran
spo
rtat
ion
of
mat
eria
l
Mo
vem
en
t o
f e
ne
rgy
rese
rve
s
Alc
oh
ol M
anu
fact
uri
ng
pro
cess
Co
gen
era
tio
n p
ow
er
pla
nt
Raw
Mat
eri
al /
Fin
ish
ed
Pro
du
cts
Sto
rage
& H
and
ling
Sto
rage
of
raw
mat
eri
al a
nd
fin
ish
ed
pro
du
cts
Op
era
tio
n o
f co
olin
g sy
ste
m
Po
lluti
on
co
ntr
ol
eq
uip
me
nts
no
nfu
nct
ion
ing
temporary andpermanent
Jobs
Effect on crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Reduction of farmland
Productivity
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Income for the state
and private sector
+1 0 0 0 +1 0 0 +
1
0 +2 0 0 0 0 0
Savings in foreign
currency for the state
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 0 +1 0 0 0
Training in new
technologies and new
skills to workers
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+1
+
1
0
0
0
0
Political/social Conflicts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2
Land use change 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aesthetics and human
Interest
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1
Cultural status 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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Conclusion of impact matrix assessment
Proposed project will not have any significant negative impacts on the environment. In absence of
pollution control equipment, project will have high negative impact. Appropriate Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) nullifies all high potential adverse impacts. Moreover, implementation of
EMP helps to convert negative impact into positive impacts. Thus proposed project is certainly safe
from the environmental point of view.
Description Value
No /ZeroImpact : 0
Minor/ Negligiblenegative impacts : -1
Minor / Negligiblepositiveimpacts : +1
Significant negative impact : -2
Significantpositiveimpact : +2
High negativeimpact : -3
High positive mpact : +3
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
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CHAPTER 5
Analysis of Alternatives
5.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis of alternatives w.r.t site selection. A project of any nature consists of
various activities, which involve men, money and material. These activities may consume natural
resources and discharge wastes, which are likely to have serious consequence to the environment. A
number of alternative options may be available to carry out many of these activities. An option with
least or nil adverse environment impacts is to be selected. Critical analysis is therefore required for
selection of the right alternative. Alternative Analysis (AA) has been done for critical aspects of the
project.
M/s IOCL Panipat Refinery has proposed to install Ligno Cellulosic based 100 KLPD, 2G Ethanol
manufacturing plant at its existing premises of IOCL, Panipat, Haryana. While setting -up the proposed
project following parameters were kept in consideration.
5.2 Site Justification
a) Availability of Required Land
Total land available for plant is 34.66 acres of Gram Panchayat, Baholi, Panipat Refinery Road , Dist.
Panipat, Haryana.
b) Feed Stock source, availability.
The Feed Stock/agricultural wastes like rice straw, which is rich in lingo cellulose is available abundantly
can be easily procured from outside villages in the district.
c) Site approach
The site is having is connectivity forNH-1 at 10 KM, Panipat Railway station at 23 km
distance(approx.).
d) Topography / Nature of terrain
The existing site has plain topography and doesn’t require cutting or filling and subsequently doesn’t
entail much manpower and machinery.
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e) Availability of water
The plant will require 3000 m3 of water per day. The water will be drawn from the western Yamuna river
canals.
f) Environmental Considerations
The site selected is feasible w.r.t following listed points below:-
No forest land involved at site.
No cultivable land involved at site.
No requirement of cutting of trees.
No displacement of people
No defence installations.
Away from critically polluted area
Away from national park and wildlife sanctuaries
Away from tiger reserve/elephant reserve/turtle nestling grounds
Away from core zone of biosphere reserve.
Away from archaeological sites.
The project site fall in moderate seismic zone-III & IV
No occurrence of flood/ landslides in the project site area
The proposed project location is at the IOCL Land Panipat Refinery lying redundant adjacent to Panipat
Refinery. The proposed location is already having certain infrastructure like water tanks, buildings,
substations, roads, boundary walls etc. which will be refurbished/modified as per the new requirements
5.3 Alternative for risk reduction in industry:
Virtually all the health hazards common to industry may be present distillery plant, namely,
Chemical hazards (toxic, irritant sensitizing substances and possible carcinogens,
Physical hazards (noise, vibration, working at extreme temperatures)
Biological hazards (headache, respiratory problems lung diseases (specially pulmonary fibrosis,
bagassosis etc.)
Ergonomic hazards (manual handling activities, lumination, ventilation, workstations etc.)
Psychosocial hazards associated with the work atmosphere hours (Isolation, of work, tours, shifts, work
load and content, fatigue, etc all contribute to psychological stress
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The Risk Assessment (RA) of the units has been done to identify the key hazards and risks. By conducting
this type of RA it should be emphasized that the focus is on the major, worst-case, hazards and impacts
from surrounding area of these units, essentially in order to priorities the off-site risks and potential
impacts to the public.
Occupational risk, health survey and management, is carried out logically, systematically and
methodically of identifying, analyzing, assessing, mitigating, monitoring and communicating health risks
associated with an activity, function or process in a way that will enable organizations to control health
risk.
The management system for occupational health provides the framework for the process of identifying
hazards, assessing associated risks, taking action and reviewing the outcome. The objective is to prevent
occupational diseases and to promote the employee health. In occupational health, the deliverable is
the absence of occupational diseases resulting in a healthy and productive worker. Hence, all the
occupational risks will be mitigated at the IOCL.
Thus, there is no alternative requirement of site/additional land for the proposed activity as the IOCL
Panipat already have extra additional land with availability of all resources and required facilities.
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
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CHAPTER 6
Environmental Monitoring Plan
6.1 Introduction
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of
environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring
programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation
of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment.
Monitoring is an important for control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be
determined by monitoring. Usually, as in the case of the study, an Impact Assessment study is carried
over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human
activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to
take into account the changes in the environmental quality.
This chapter contains technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the
environmental management plan. It ensures the smooth execution of EMP and also monitors the
changes in the ambient environmental quality due to the proposed project. It includes laboratory and
other facilities monitoring facilities, environmental parameters to be monitored and data to be analyzed
and sampling location and schedule
A chemical or process industry in general produces solid, liquid and gaseous wastes, which are
discharged to the environment. The waste product may contain pollutants which may harm
environment. It is the responsibility of the industries to prevent or minimize the discharges of waste
products by adopting suitable control measures in the factory. The effectiveness of such measures is
ascertained by systematic monitoring of discharges at factory level and at receiving level. Monitoring of
various environmental parameters will be carried out on regular basis to ascertain the following:
(i) Pollution status within the plant and in its vicinity.
(ii) Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution.
(iii) Effectiveness of pollution control measures and control facilities.
(iv) To assess environmental impacts.
(v) To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical.
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6.2. Monitoring Plan
Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to
assess the status of environment during plant operation. The knowledge of baseline status and
monitored data is an indicator to ascertain for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to
operation of the plant. Based on these data, suitable mitigation steps could be taken in time to
safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of pollution control since the efficiency
of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The routine monitoring program as
indicated below will be implemented in the industry. A comprehensive monitoring program is
suggested.
Monitoring shall take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such
as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate
or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient
environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical
indicators. Monitoring may include socioeconomic interaction, through local liaison activities or even
assessment of complaints.
The environmental monitoring during the operational phase of the proposed project is important to
assess the performance of pollution control equipment installed in proposed project. Hence, regular
monitoring of crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of
environment during plant operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring
programme can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation
of the plant so as suitable steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment.
The sampling and analysis of environmental attributes including monitoring locations will be as per the
guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board/ State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly,
environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis at the new 100 KLPD ethanol plant to
assess the pollution level in the plant as well in the surrounding area with the following objectives:
To verify the impacts predicated due to the proposed project.
To identify the trends with time in the levels of parameters.
To check or assess the efficacy of the various pollution controlling measures.
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To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do
not become critical through the commissioning of proposed project.
Establish database for future Impact Assessment Studies for expansion projects.
Environmental Components that will be monitored :
Air quality;
Water and wastewater quality;
Noise levels;
Soil quality;
Ecological preservation and afforestation;
Socio-economic status and community development
Meteorology
Meteorological parameters such as wind, atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and rain fall
shall be monitored.
Gaseous Emissions and Ambient Air Quality
Both ambient air quality and stack emissions shall be monitored for pollutants such as Particulate
Matter, NOX and SOX. Monitoring will be done as per CPCB guidelines.
Continuous emission monitoring system will be installed in proposed project to monitor air quality.
Water and Waste Water Quality
All the effluents emanating from the plant should be monitored for their physicochemical characteristics
and heavy metals. In addition, ground water samples at downstream and up stream of the compost yard
shall be monitored on regular basis.
Online analysers will monitor key parameters of treated effluent (i.e, feed to RO)
6.3. Sampling Schedule
At construction phase, the proposed activity envisages setting up of Vessel, Tanks, establishment of
storage facilities. During operational stage, continuous CO2 emissions from biomethanation unit,
wastewater disposal, solid waste management need to monitored regularly.
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Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Action Plan for 100 KLPD Ethanol Plant
Environmental
Component
Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration /
Frequency
Implementation Supervision
Ambient Air Construction
Phase
PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX ,
CO
National
Ambient
Quality
Standards
At the
installation
location
Continuous
24-hourly
once in six
months
Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency.
As, per CPCB/SPCB
requirements
IOCL
Operation
Phase
HC and VOC National
Ambient
Quality
Standard
Near both new
plant and old
plant
Continuous
24-hourly
once in six
months
Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency.
As, per CPCB/SPCB
requirements
IOCL
PM2.5, PM10, SOX, NOX,
& CO
Flue gas from Boiler
Chimney.
Stack emissions from
DG sets.
Vehicles Servicing &
PUC check.
National
Ambient
Quality
Standards
Near boundary
walls in upwind
and down wind
direction at Plant
Continuous
24-hourly
once in six
months
Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency.
As, per CPCB/SPCB
requirements
IOCL
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Environmental
Component
Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration /
Frequency
Implementation Supervision
Water Quality Construction
Phase
pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD
, Temperature
(As per IS: 10500:2012
for relevant
parameters).
As Water
quality
standards
(IS
10500:2012)
At the site, Six Monthly Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency
IOCL
Operation
Phase
pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD
, Temperature
(As per IS: 10500:2012
for relevant parameters)
In consultation with
PCB
As Water
quality
standards
(IS
10500:2012)
Within the site
(This is a ZLD
plant)
Six Monthly
Six Monthly
Environmental Cell
of IOCL Refinary or
NABL approved
monitoring agency
Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency
IOCL
IOCL
Noise
Measurements
Construction
Phase
Spot Noise Level
recording;
Leq(night), Leq(day),
Leq(dn)
Noise Level in dB (A)
As per
National Noise
standards
At the site of
installation,
24-hourly
measurement
, once
quarterly
during the
construction
phase
Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency
IOCL
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Environmental
Component
Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration /
Frequency
Implementation Supervision
Operation
Phase
Spot Noise Level
recording;
Leq(night),
Leq(day), Leq(dn)
Noise Level in dB (A)
As per
National Noise
standards
At site, Near
Pump house etc.
Roads, Trucks
Travelling areas
within the plants.
24-hourly
measurement,
once six
months
Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency
IOCL
Soil Construction
/
Operation
Texture, pH, electrical
conductivity, cation
exchange capacity,
alkali, metals, Sodium
Absorption Ratio
(SAR), permeability,
porosity.
As per
relevant parts
of IS: 2720,
“Indian
Standard
Methods of
Test for Soils”
Storage area,
open area
Six Monthly
Environmental Cell
of IOCL or NABL
approved
monitoring agency
IOCL
Green Belt Operation Number of plantation
(units),
number of survived
plants/ trees, number of
poor plant/ trees.
As per CPCB
guidelines
In and around
the plant site
Monthly Environmental Cell
of IOCL
IOCL
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Environmental
Component
Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration /
Frequency
Implementation Supervision
Occupational
Health
Construction
/ Operation
Health and fitness
checkup of
Employees/staff getting
exposed to
various hazards
As per Safety
guidelines and
OHSAS policy
At all the
locations
- Environmental Cell
of IOCL
IOCL
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Maintenance of Flora & Fauna
Approx. 33% of land will be developed into Green belt . Various plant species will be planted. There
growth and maintenance will be monitored monthly.
Waste Management
A waste management plan will be implemented that will Identifies and characterizes every waste
arising associated with proposed activities. It will also identify the procedures for collection, handling
& disposal of each waste arising. All the records of solid waste generation, treatment and Disposal
will be maintained. It will be monitored once in a week during operation phase.
Soil quality monitoring
3-4 locations will be selected for the organic and inorganic matter analysis of soil within 5 km radii
from the project site. The physico - chemical characteristics of the soil and fertility status will be
analysed once in the pre monsoon & post monsoon season or as per SPCB guidelines.
6.4 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan:
The costs involved for environmental monitoring will be considered in environmental management
plan which is Rs. 6 Lakhs/per annum.
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CHAPTER 7
Additional Studies: Risk Assessment and Disaster management Plan
7.1 Introduction Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or
sequence of events.
MCA stands for Maximum Credible Accident or in other words, an accident with maximum damage
distance, which is believed to be probable. MCA analysis does not include quantification of the
probability of occurrence of an accident. In practice the selection of accident scenarios for MCA
analysis is carried out on the basis of engineering judgment and expertise in the field of risk analysis
especially in accident analysis.
Detailed study helps in plotting the damage contours on the detailed plot plan in order to assess the
magnitude of a particular event. A disastrous situation is the outcome of fire, explosion or toxic
hazards in addition to other natural causes that eventually lead to loss of life, property and
ecological imbalances.
MCA analysis encompasses defined techniques to identify the hazards and compute the consequent
effects in terms of damage distances due to heat radiation, toxic releases, vapour cloud explosion
etc. A list of probable or potential accidents of the major units in the complex arising due to use,
storage and handling of the hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility.
Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum
effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.
7.2. Risk Assessment
Disaster is synonymous with 'emergency' as defined by the Ministry of Environment and Forests &
Climate Change (MoEF & CC). An emergency occurring in the proposed project is one that may affect
several sections within it and/ or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive damage to
environment or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the best use of
internal resources and the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen usually as
the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated by the
intervention of an outside force such as a cyclone, flood, earthquake or deliberate acts of arson or
sabotage.
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A properly designed and operated plant will have a very low probability (to a level of acceptable risk)
of accident occurrence. Subsequently, a properly designed and executed management plan can
further reduce the probability of any accident turning into an on-site emergency and/or an off-site
emergency.
The three main goals of risk assessment are
Identify risks,
Quantify the impact of the potential threats and
Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the
Safeguard
7.2.1 Salient Feature of Risk Mitigation
(i) Design, manufacture and construction of buildings, plant and machineries will be as per
National and International Codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by
statutory authorities
(ii) Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel will be
made.
(iii) Minimum of two numbers of gates for escape during disaster will be provided In the
vicinity of main plant entrance, there will be an emergency assembly point where plant
personnel will assemble in the event of any disaster.
(iv) Adequate numbers of Fire Fighting equipment’s& Fire extinguishers will be installed in
the work places for emergency purpose and the Supervisors / Workers will be trained to
use the equipment.
(v) A qualified Doctor and a compounder will be employed for attending to any emergency.
7.2.2 Identification of Risks
For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of
Raw material
Process Risk
Storages
Operations
Maintenance
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Safety
Fire protection
Effluent disposal
A) Raw material
Rice straw will be used as a raw material to produce ethanol. In addition to raw material chemicals
like Acids, caustic solution, enzymes, yeast also required in the ethanol process. Chemicals required
in the utility like DM plant, cooling water system, etc stored in allocated areas.
B) Process / Operation
Operational risks are categorized below
Process hazards: Loss of containment during handling of hazardous materials or processes resulting
in fire, explosion, etc.
Mechanical hazards: Mechanical operations such as welding, maintenance, falling objects
etc. - basically those NOT connected to hazardous materials.
Electrical hazards: Electrocution, high voltage levels, short circuit, etc.
C) Boiler and associated areas
Particulars: Failure of safety devices, including pressure relief valves and interlocks:
The explosion is expected due to bursting of high pressure equipment like boiler, the water required
for boiler is pumped through high-pressure pumps, the high-pressure steam generated in the boiler
is sent process plant through the pipeline. Which have flanged joints, with sandwich gaskets in
between for better sealing. At times, due to water hammering this gasket fails and leads to bursting
of the flange joint.
Carrying out regular inspection and periodic safety certification of all safety devices compliance with
required rules and regulations of safety systems is necessary. It must be always ensured that the
pressure relief valves and interlocking arrangements as per standard design of equipment.
D) Potential exposure to electricity
Particular: The required power will be taken from the refinery and connected to distribution system ,
distribution panel, and control rooms in the ethanol plant. Follow up of standard operating
procedures and regular training on electrical safety.
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Ensure suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified hazardous areas
and protection against lightening protection and static charges. Adopting preventive maintenance
practices as per testing and inspection schedules. Ensure all maintenance and repair jobs with prior
work permit system. Use of personal protective equipment and ensuring compliance of the Indian
Electricity Rules, 2003.
Ensure all electrical circuits designed for automatic, remote shut down.
E) Fire incident
Particular: Rice Straw storage, electrical wearing and fuel handling area. Follow up of standard
operating procedures and suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to
classified hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges. Adopting
preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection.
F) Solid/ Liquid waste disposal
Particular: Ash generated from cogeneration plant, solid waste and effluent generated from ethanol
plant unit Standard operating procedures for disposal of ash need to be followed like isolated
disposal of hot ash inside the silo, use ash will sold, brick & cement manufacturing industries.
Effluent will be treated as per regulatory norms and treated water will be reused. Solid organic
waste generated from Ethanol plant will be used as manure. Regular monitoring will be carried out
as per schedule to avoid any kind of pollution
G) Health Risk
Particular: Exposure to toxic and corrosive chemicals Provision of secondary containment system for
all liquid corrosive chemicals fuel and lubricating oil storages. Constructing storage tanks and pipes
for toxic chemicals as per the applicable standards. Inspection and radiography will be followed to
minimize risk of tank or pipeline failure. Provision of protective equipment’s such as protective
clothing, goggles, safety shoes and breathing masks for workers working in chemical storage.
Provision of emergency eyewash and showers in the working area.
H) Safety risk
Particular: Ensure Workers Safety. Periodical SHE training of staff and contractor. Ensuring special
training to develop competent persons to manage specific issues such as safety from the system, risk
assessment, scaffolding, and fire protection, Training will include the proper use of all equipment
operated, safe lifting practices, the location and handling of fire extinguishers, and the use of
personal protective equipment. Ensure good housekeeping practices (e.g., keeping all walkways
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clear of debris, cleaning up oil spots and excess water as soon as they are noticed, and regular
inspection and maintenance of all machinery). Daily collection and separate storage of hazardous
and non-hazardous waste.
I) Force Majeure and Insurance coverage to the Project
Particular: Natural calamities like flood, earthquake, fire, and other act of God and Act of Man etc.
Mitigation: Complete plant need to be insured and also care has been considered while designing
and construction of the plant to minimize the impact. Third party Liability,
Workers compensation, Employers Liability, Legal and contractual liabilities, Loss of profit due to
interruption due to fire machine, break down, and related perils, Loss of profit due to loss of
generation are some of the other risk against which the mitigation measures have been considered
in the project by the way of insurance.
7.3. Fire and Explosion Index
Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Indexing (FETI) is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of
hazard. In preliminary hazard analysis, chemical storages are considered to have Toxic and Fire
hazards. The application of FETI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and
quantification of the hazards in these areas. However, this does not provide precise information.
Respective Material Factor (MF),
General Hazard Factors (GHF)
Special Process Hazard Factors (SPH)
They are computed using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage
handling and reaction parameters.
It can be used to classify separate elements of plant within an industrial complex. Before indexing is
done, the plant is divided into plant elements. Depending upon the material in use, material factor,
number of parameters such as exothermic reactions, handling hazards, pressure of system, flash
point, operating temperature, inventory of flammable material, corrosive property, leakage points
and toxicity are taken into consideration in determining a plant/ equipment /operation hazard. A
standard method of awarding penalties and comparing the indices is used. However, this method
does not give absolute status of the equipment or section. Dow's Fire and Explosion Index (F and E)
is a product of Material Factor (MF) and hazard factor (F3) while MF represents the flammability and
reactivity of the substances, the hazard factor (F3), is itself a product of General Process Hazards
(GPH) and special process hazards (SPH). An accurate plot plan of the plant, a process flow sheet and
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Fire and Explosion Index and Hazard Classification Guide published by Dow Chemical Company are
required to estimate the FE & TI of any process plant or a storage unit
7.3.1 Computations and Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Index
The degree of hazard potential is identified based on the numerical value of F&EI as per the criteria
given Table 7.1
Table No. 7.1 Fire & Explosion Index
Degree of Hazard F & EI Range
Light 0-60
Moderate 61-96
Intermediate 97-127
Heavy 128-158
Severe 159-up
Risk Index (RI)
The risk categories can be expressed in terms of the Risk Index as given below.
Table No. 7.2: Risk Index
Category Risk index
Acceptable region <0
Low Risk 0
Moderate risk 0.67
Significant Risk 1.33
High Risk 2
Unacceptable region >2
Table No. 7.3: The Physiological Effects of Threshold Thermal Doses
Threshold Dose (Kj/m2) Effect
375 3rd degree burn
250 2nd degree burn
125 1st degree burn
65 Threshold of pain, no reddening or blistering of skin caused
Note:
1st degree burn- Involves only epidermis. Example sunburn. Blisters may occur.
2nd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis over the area of burn plus some portion of dermis
area.
3rd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis and dermis. Sub cutaneous tissues may also
be affected.
Table No. 7.4: Damage due to Incident Radiation Intensity
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Incident Radiation Intensity (KW/m2)
Type of Damage
37.5 Minimum energy required igniting wood at infinite long exposure (non piloted).
32.0 Maximum flux level for thermally protected tanks
12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing etc.
8.0 Maximum heat flux for un-insulated tanks.
4.5 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20 seconds. However blistering of skin (1st degree burns) is likely.
1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure.
0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation.
7.4. Consequence Analysis
Hazardous substance on release can cause damage on a large scale in the environment. The extent
of the damage is dependent upon the nature of the release and the physical state of the material. It
is necessary to visualize the consequences and the damages caused by such releases.
The quantification of the physical effects can be done by means of various models, which can then
be translated in terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and buildings.
Hazardous substances may be released as a result of a catastrophe causing possible damage to the
surrounding areas. The extent of damage depends upon the nature of the release. The release of
flammable materials and subsequent ignition results in heat radiation, pressure wave or vapour
cloud depending upon the flammability. It is important to visualize the consequences of the release
of such substances and the damage caused to the surrounding areas. An insight into physical effects
resulting from the release of hazardous substances can be had by means of various models.
Vulnerability models are used to translate the physical effects occurring in terms of injuries and
damage to exposed population and buildings
7.5. Risk Mitigation Measures
The materials handled at the proposed installation are inflammable and reactive substances and
based on the consequence analysis; the following measures are suggested as risk mitigation
measures. It should be ensured that combustible materials such as oiled rags, wooden supports, oil
buckets etc. are not kept in the storage and process areas as well as road tankers loading/unloading
sites where there is maximum possibility of presence of flammable hydrocarbons in large quantities,
to reduce the probability of secondary fires.
Smoke and fire detectors should be suitably located and linked to fire fighting system to
reduce the response time and ensure safe dispersal of vapours before ignition can occur.
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Training in fire fighting, escape action, operation of emergency switches etc. is vital.
Pump loading line failures also have possibility of causing major damage. Strict inspection,
maintenance and well laid down operation procedures are essential for preventing
escalation of such incidents.
Emergency procedures should be well rehearsed to achieve state of readiness.
7.5.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency
Leaving aside earthquake, cyclone, flood, arson and sabotage, the possible emergencies that can
arise in the power plant due to operations and storages and handling of the fuels and gases are:
Explosion in boilers, turbo generators, transformers and hydrogen plant
Subsequent fire in the fuel handling area
Large fires involving the bagasse storage yard and bagasse handling areas
Accidental release of ash slurry
Accidental fire due to some other reasons such as electrical short circuit.
7.6. Methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCA)
The MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections in terms of potential
vulnerability. The data requirements for MCA analysis are:
Flow diagram and P&I diagrams
Detailed design parameters
Physical & chemical properties of all the chemicals
Detailed plant layout
Detailed area layout
Past accident data
The MCA analysis includes Identification of potential hazardous process units, storage sections and
representative failure cases from the vessels and pipe lines
7.7. Factors Influencing the Use of Physical Effect Models
In order to calculate the physical effects of the accidental releases of hazardous substances the
following steps must be carried out in succession:
Determine the form in which the hazardous substances occur- gas, gas condensed
to liquid or as a liquid in equilibrium with vapour.
Determine the way in which the release takes place, above or below the liquid
level in a process unit or storage facility, instantaneous or continuous
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Determine the outflow volume (as a function of time) of the gas, vapour or liquid
in the event of liquid outflow, possible two phase outflow,
Determine the evaporation from the pool of liquid formed
Dispersion of the released gas or vapour which has formed into the atmosphere
A distinction has to be made between toxic and flammable substances. In the event of the incidental
release of toxic substances it is necessary to compute the concentrations of gas cloud (as a function
of time and place) spreading in the surrounding areas. In the case of flammable substances, the heat
radiation is computed for the following situations:
Torch, if vapours are ignited
Pool fire, if pool of liquid is ignited
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) which is a physical explosion
In the event of an explosive gas cloud the peak overpressure resulting from the explosion is
calculated and the damage contours are plotted. In the distribution model account is taken of the
atmospheric stability, the so-called Pasquill classes (A to F) and a wind velocity. The model is based
on a point source. In practice, however, a point source will never exist;
For example, a surface sources in the case of pools. To enable the source dimensions to be included
in the calculation in the dispersion models in spite of this, an imaginary (virtual) point source is
assumed, which is put back in such a way that the cloud area calculated according to the model has
the source dimensions at the site of the actual source. In calculations based on a continuous source,
the duration of the source is also included in the calculation. Some conditions for this calculation
model are as follows:
There must be some wind at the site, The model applies only to open terrain; allowance is made,
however, for the roughness of the terrain. The influence of trees, houses, etc. on the dispersion can
be determined by means of the roughness length.
7.7.1 Models for the Calculation of Heat Load and Shock Waves
If a flammable gas or liquid is released, damage resulting from heat radiation or explosion may occur
on ignition. Models for the effects in the event of immediate ignition (torch, pool fire and BLEVE)
and the ignition of a gas cloud will be discussed in succession. These models calculate the heat
radiation or peak overpressure as a function of the distance to the torch, BLEVE, the ignited pool or
gas cloud.
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7.7.2 Ignition of a Gas Cloud
If a flammable gas is not ignited directly, this cloud will spread in the surrounding area. The drifting
gas cloud will mix with air. As long as the gas concentration is between the lower and upper
explosion limit, the gas cloud may explode or give flash fire on availability of an ignition source. The
flammable content of a gas cloud is calculated by a three-dimensional integration of the
concentration profiles, which fall within the explosion limits. If the gas cloud ignites, two situations
can occur, namely non-explosive combustion (flash fire) and explosive combustion (flash fire +
explosion). The heat radiation from a flash fire is not calculated since the burning time is very short.
Models exist for the calculation of the peak overpressure in explosive combustion as a function of
the distance from the centre of the gas cloud.
7.7.3 Burning Torch
The out flowing gas on immediate ignition gives a burning torch. In this model, an ellipse is assumed
for the shape of a torch. The volume of the torch (flare) in this model is proportional to the outflow.
In order to calculate the thermal load the center of the flare is regarded as a point source.
7.7.4 Injuries resulting from Flammable Liquids and Gases
In the case of flammable liquids and gases on immediate ignition, a pool fire or BLEVE or a flare will
occur. The injuries in this case are mainly caused by heat radiation. It is only in the case of a BLEVE
that injury may occur as a result of flying fragments also. Serious injuries as the result of the shock
wave generally do not occur outside the fire ball zone. Fragmentation of the storage system can
cause damage up to distances of over 1 km. If the gas is not ignited immediately, it will disperse into
the atmosphere. If the gas cloud ignites, it is assumed that everyone present within the gas cloud
will die as a result of burns or asphyxiation. The duration of the thermal load will be too brief in case
of explosion to cause any injuries. In the event of very rapid combustion of the gas cloud the shock
wave may cause damage outside the limits of the cloud. Explosive combustion will only occur if the
cloud is enclosed to some extent between buildings and structures.
7.7.5 Damage Models for Heat Radiation
It is assumed that everyone inside the area covered by the fire ball, a BLEVE, a torch, a burning pool
or gas cloud will be burnt to death or will asphyxiate. The following probit functions are examples of
methods which can be used to calculate the percentage of lethality and first degree burns that will
accurate a particular thermal load and period of exposure of an unprotected body.
Lethality
Pr = 36.38 + 2.56 ln (t.q4/3)
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First degree burn symptoms
Pr = 39.83 + 3.0186 ln (t.q4/3)
Where, t= Exposure time in seconds,
q= Thermal load in W/m2,
Pr= Probit value, which relates to the percentage of affected people
For the exposure time, two values are chosen:
10 seconds: In a residential area, it is reasonable to assume that affected people
can find protection from the thermal load within 10 seconds.
30 seconds: This pessimistic assumption applies if people cannot directly flee or
no protection is provided to them.
7.7.6 Occupational Health &Safety (Construction Phase)
During the construction phase accident may occurs due to operation of equipment, vehicular
movement, construction activities etc. To minimize the occupational health hazards following
measures shall be taken
PPE like helmets, goggles, safety mask, ear plugs, safety shoes, etc. will be provided to
workers.
Training to worker will help to minimize the probability of accident to large extent.
Workers will get training considering their health aspects and hence the occupational
health and safety impacts can be controlled
Effective implementation of the mitigation measures, proper care and training for the
safety aspects will be followed which will controls occupational health or contagious
diseases.
Occupational Health &Safety (Operation Phase)
Occupational hazardous will be associated with following area
Workplace area involving production unit, distillation unit, Boiler section, raw material
handling area etc.
It is envisaged that occupational health hazards shall be associated with operational
activities such as spillage and exposure to the chemical, mechanical hazards like cuts and
hits and electrical shocks.
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Accident due to fall from height, burn injury and trap in the machine or motors during
operation. All these above mentioned impact or risk associated with various operational
activities of the plant shall be mitigated by implementing the following measures:
All safety signs will be placed at proper location.
First aid kits will be made available at every department
Pre-employment Medical check-up and periodical medical check-up shall be undertaken
to know the occupational health hazards at the early stage.
Work permit system will be introduced to avoid the entry or un-authorized working to
avoid the incidences which can lead to the accident if proper care is not taken
All arrangement required for Fire hydrant system shall made at every vulnerable
location to have the fire fighting facility.
Apart from above, all required Fire Extinguishers shall be provided at appropriate locations
All staff and workers will be trained in fire fighting operations and emergency
preparedness plan or to tackle the accident
Apart from all engineering control measures, if required necessary PPEs shall be
provided as last protection measures to the employees.
Good housekeeping also plays important role in avoiding the undesirable incidences /
accidents, hence good housekeeping practices will be employed throughout the Factory
premises.
All workers are provided with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE). The air & noise
levels are regularly monitored and they are within permissible limits (Refer Chapter 3)
The workers working in high noise level generating area shall undergo audiometric test
once in a six months. Proper designing of building, work area, good ventilation, good
exhaust system & air circulation, relieving from thermal stress, provision of relaxation
facilities. Isolation to specific areas, Rotation of workers/shifts to avoid continuous
exposure, Enforcement & encouragement to use PPE is practiced
7.8 Safety Equipment Table No. 7.5 : Fire & safety facilities with Proposed project
Particulars Nos
DCP Type 5 Kg Fire Extinguisher 20
DCP Type 10 Kg Fire Extinguisher 10
CO2,Water type ,Capacity 9 lit 5
Mechanical Foam Type, Capacity 9 lit 5
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7.9 Risk Reduction Measures
The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified risks
during the detailed design phase:
Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where appropriate),
to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing for storage of
dangerous goods;
Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical process
water;
Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and storage
and stacking locations;
Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe access
to fixed and mobile plant;
Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per
relevant standards;
Containment of hazardous materials;
Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited items,
and control of onsite traffic; and
Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site specific
hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).
Surrounding population (includes all strata of society) should be made aware of the safety
precautions to be taken in the event of any mishap within the plant. This can effectively be
done by conducting the training programs.
Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line
Fire extinguishers should be tested periodically and should be always kept in operational
mode
A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency the
wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population caution.
Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies A detailed HAZOP
and Fault Tree Analysis should be carried out before commissioning of any new installation.
7.10 Disaster Management and Emergency Plan
IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) will be a new growth oriented center around district.
Such unit can pose threat of danger / hazard due to storage of hazardous materials. Distillery plant
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also poses electrocution, fire, and explosion hazards. When the full fledge activity of Ethanol Plant
will gear up it will have to follow Factories Act 1948 & Haryana Factories Rules 1963 with all
amendments till today and any directives from Director Safety, Health & Environment [SHE] will
automatically be binding on IOCL Panipat . In such condition to appoint a qualified Safety Officer is a
must & will be an adequate, wise step in such direction. On site and off site disaster control plans
and their perfect implementation will be part and parcel of the management & such safety officer.
To lessen the probability of hazard to occur & avoid the consequent damage, a disaster management
and control plan has to be worked out for whole complex in anticipation to the threat.
7.11 Type of Disaster at IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) complex
Disaster can occur as on site or off site variety i.e. disaster on campus or disaster in nearby area
causing indirect damage to site area & the complex. Disaster may occur due to two categories,
natural and manmade calamities. Natural calamities cover Flood, , Earthquake, Heavy mist, fog, hail
storm.
Manmade calamities involve Fire & Explosion, All types of leakages & spillage, Electrocution,
excavation, construction, erection, Sabotage, rail & road accidents, Mass agitation, Looting, Morcha,
war.
The identified hazardous areas in the complex are
1. Boiler area - Explosion
2.Electrical rooms - Fire and electrocution
3. Transformer area - Fire and electrocution
4. Cable - Fire and electrocution
5. Storage facilities – Fire / spillage for feed stock storage and fuel Ethanol
Considering various probabilities the management & safety department has to create safety
awareness & preparedness in all employees and people in vicinity area in case of any sort of
emergency to occur & a chalked out attempt to surely overcome the disaster in time. This includes
preparation of on site and off site disaster control plans, their mock drills at least 2 times in a
calendar year, reports for the same to DISH & due amendments for the perfect implementation.
7.12 Level of accident
If there is any disaster in any part of plant/work place due to any reason the level of accidents from
damage point of view may vary. Accordingly accident prevention program will have to be initiated by
safety department simultaneously.
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7.13 Critical Targets during Emergency
Level - I Accidents
Under this level disaster may happen due to electrocution, fire explosion, oil spillage and
spontaneous ignition of combustible material. This level has probability of occurrence affecting
persons inside the plant. Various hazardous areas identified in section 6.3 are potential areas to be
affected due to level – I accidents.
Level - II Accidents
Disaster of this level can occur in case of sabotage and complete failure of all automatic control /
warning systems, in case of fire in Biomass storage area and ethanol storage tank. However,
probability of occurrence of this is very low due to the proposed adequate security training, and
education level of plant personnel for the captive power plant.
7.14 Site Emergency Control Room (SECR) & Site main controller
In each segment of work from domestic level to war fighting team level approach always helps.
If concerned man is aware of his duty at his place & need of the time he can complement to huge
task of lessening the damage of the disaster. To overcome the emergency in its occurrence it is the
strategy to get prepared in advance, plan for the team effort, educate others and reduce all effects
of disaster.
In case of any disaster main responsibility lies with the Chairman and Board of Directors, where they
can nominate one fellow to be responsible person who will be Chief incidence controller. In case of
disaster key person like Chief engineer, Chief chemist, Distillery manager will be the site main
incidence controller and will commence respective duties in that capacity to curtail the emergency &
minimize the losses may be occurring.
People in all departments can assist to contact external persons, district, state & central authorities,
hospital & ambulance contact, evacuation if needed for people in the vicinity with assistance of state
transport buses. People from maintenance department can help to rectify the fault in system.
Security persons assist in fire fighting & material movement operation to avoid losses. It is utmost
necessary to plan the control plan & to involve all staff in factory to get any sort of external help /
assistance in time to lessen all sorts of damage.
To assist the disaster control more effectively a site emergency control room (SECR) will be
established at the plant site. The SECR may be provided with following sections:
All site plant layout
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List of important telephone numbers of Chairman & Directors IOCL Panipat , Chief Engineer,
Chief Chemist, Distillery Manager, Administration Manager.
Telephone numbers of near by Gram Panchayat, & District collector, State transport depot
office, District & local fire brigade station, home guard, civil defence, N.C.C. unit, State crisis
group, , CGO complex, MoEF, New Delhi
All material handling & incoming vehicle traffic to be stopped temporarily.
All out going lines to be used to contact above authorities.
Captive power plant layout showed with inventories and locations of fuel
Hazard identification chart, maximum number of people working at a time, assembly
points etc
List of village and their population in the vicinity of proposed Distillery plant
Public address system like loud speaker, battery operated speaker, sirens,
Whistles, batteries, signaling flags etc.
Rechargeable and battery operated torch lights and invertors.
Tie up with nearest hospital for medical assistance and facility for stretchers, chairs etc.
List of registered medical practitioners in vicinity.
Study map showing various villages and towns in the vicinity of distillery plant.
Muster Roll of all present employees.
Note pads and ball pens to record message received and instructions to be passed to
concerned persons
The blow up copy of Layout plan showing areas where accident could occur.
Accident mock drill for at least 2 times in a calendar year is to be a part of routine
exercise. The report bf such drill has to be submitted to DISH for his information & approval.
7.15 Disaster Preventive Measures
The proposed power plant will have following preventive measures to avoid occurrence of
disasters:
(i) Specification & marking of safe area to gather in emergency.
(ii) Design, manufacture and construction of plant, machineries and buildings will be as per
national and international codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by statutory
authorities.
(iii) Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel shall be kept.
(iv) Minimum two numbers of gates to escape during disaster shall be provided.
(v) Proper colour coding for all process water, air & steam lines will be done.
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(vi) Proper insulation for all steam & condensate, hot water lines will be done.
(vii) Provision of circuit breakers, isolation switches, signals will be provided as per electricity act &
rules.
(viii) Proper & rigid bonding and earthing to all equipment will be arranged.
(ix) Meager value of earthing connections will be checked each 6 months and the same record will
be available.
(xi) System of fire hydrants comprising, of electrical motor driven fire pumps is planned. The fire
hydrant system will have electrical motor and a generator driven jockey pump to keep the fire
hydrant system properly pressurized.
(xii) Automatic water sprinkling system is planned for all transformers.
7.16 Fire Fighting Arrangements
In addition to the existing Fire Fighting System, separate Fire safety system is planned to be installed
for 100 2 G ethanol Plant, which will cover its following sections :
1. Feed stock storage & Material Handling & Milling
2. Wet Washing & Pretreatment Section
3. Enzymatic Hydrolysis
4. Co- Fermentation
5. Distillation
6. Solid Liquid Separation
7. Effluent Treatment section
8. RS Storage Tank (In existing Alcohol storage section)
9. Fire Fighting System
10. Cooling Towers
11. Labs and Control room.
12. Office and Admin Buildings
Fire system will be designed primarily as per TAC guidelines. Fire safety system includes:
a) Hydrant System with water cum foam monitor for the Complete Plant
b) Wet Riser System for Milling, Pre-treatment, Solid Liquid Separation/Filter Press, Fermentation
and Distillation
c) Suitable Fire Alarm & Detection system for the Complete Plant
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The existing RS tank will be used to store RS produced from the 100 KLPD plant and will be equipped
with necessary fire safety systems.
7.17 Location Type Of Fire Extinguishers-
Cable galleries: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder
High voltage panel: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder
Control rooms: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder
MCC rooms: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder
Pump houses: CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder
Offices & Godowns: Foam or Dry chemical powder Type
Crushers house: CO2 Type, Foam Type dry chemical powder
Feed stock storage and Feeding , Milling - CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder
7.18 Recommendations
The fire tender, which will be part of project with following minimum firefighting arrangements shall
be procured:
Water tank - 2800 m3
Foam tank - 45 litres
Fire extinguishers – 45 nos
7.19 Alarm System to be followed during disaster
On receiving the message of ‘Disaster from Site Main Controller, fire station control room attendant
will sound Siren ‘WAVING TYPE’ for 5 minutes. Incident controller will arrange to broad cast disaster
message through public address system. On receiving the message of “Emergency Over” from
incident Controller the fire station control room attendant will give “All Clear Signal” by sounding
alarm straight for two minutes. The features of alarm system will be explained to one and all to
avoid panic or misunderstanding during disaster. It is necessary to take one trial for perfect
functioning of the siren at least once in one week with prior intimation to Panipat District Collector.
7.20 Public Hearing
Public Hearing for proposed project Ligno- Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant (100 KLPD) fuel grade ethanol
plant of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. at Gram Panchayat Baholi , Panipat Refinery Road , district
Panipat, Haryana has been conducted on 27th March, 2019 at 11.00 am in the plant premises of M/s
Indian Oil Corporation Ltd,. Panipat in accordance with EIA notification issued by MoEF&CC vide S.O.
1533, dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent amendments. The Draft EIA Report along with
Executive summary in English and Hindi were made available for the public at the various
government offices. The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing was
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issued by Member secretary, Haryana State Pollution Control Board in one of the widely circulated
national level newspapers on 23/02/2019 in “YugMarg” & Janpath. Copy of News paper notice is
enclosed as an Annexure-III.
7.20.1 Details Of Public Hearing Proceedings
Public Hearing Panel:
1. Ms. Sumedha Kataria – Chairperson
I.A.S. Deputy Commissioner, Panipat
2. Shri. Bhupinder Singh
Regional Officer, HSPCB, Panipat
At the outset Shri. Bhupinder Singh welcomed the chairman of public hearing committee and public.
He explained Provision of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended in 2009 by the Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate, Govt. of India under which the public hearing was held.
He informed that the project proponent had submitted application for conducting public hearing to
Haryana State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly, a public notice of public hearing was adverted in
“YugMarg” & Janpth on 23.02.2019. The copies of EIA Report with Executive summary were made
available at various notified offices government.
Environment Consultant of the Project Proponent explained in detail about the proposed project
and also explained about the pollution and environmental aspects of the proposed project and the
measures to be taken by the project proponent along with the environment management plan in
brief prepared by them for the project and impact of the project on environment along with control
measures/steps.
After the presentation, Regional Officer, HSPCB, Panipat called for the
objections/suggestions/questions to seek information or clarification on the project by the public
and the following questions/objections/suggestions raised and information/clarification sought on
the project, environment related issues by the participants and reply given by the Representatives &
Environment Consultant of the Project Proponent and other concerned are given below:
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Table 7.6 Public Hearing Compliance.
Sr. No. Name of the person with address
Questions/Suggestions /Comments
Response given by Project Proponent
Proposed Budget Timeline
1. Shree. Jonny
R/o Village-
Dadlana
What are the provisions
of CER (Corporate
Environment
Responsibility) in the
proposed project?
Project Proponent
replied that there is
provision of Rs. 7 crore
for this and same will
be used after
discussion with the
Head of the nearby
villages. .
7 Crore It will be complied as per guidelines.
2. Shree. Sanjit
R/O Village
Murthal
Mr. Sanjit objected that
all local contractor pays
less than minimum
wages to the labour.
Project Proponent
replied that the wages
of the labour of the
IOCL Panipat are
credited directly in to
the account of the
labour.
Additionally Deputy
Commissioner Panipat
replied that now a days
the wages of the labour
are credited directly in
Not applicable Not applicable
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to the account of the
labour for the
transparency and if
there is any specific
compliant, the same
may be submitted to
the concerned and
action will be taken
against such
contractors.
3. Shree.
Bhupinder
Singh,
Regional
Officer,
HSPCB,
Panipat.
How much water will be
used in the proposed
project? Whether new
Effluent Treatment Plant
(ETP) will be installed or
existing ETP will be used
for the treatment of the
waste water generated
from the proposed
project?
How much of the water
quantity will be taken
from underground
water and what are the
provisions of water
recharge in the
proposed project?
We also suggest to
Project Proponent
replied that 125 m3 /hr.
of the water will be
used and new ETP of
adequate capacity will
be installed to treat the
waste water generated
from the proposed
project. Moreover the
effluent will be
recycled in the plant
after treatment .
Proposed project is
based on Zero Liquid
Discharge (ZLD).
The water will be taken
from nearby Irrigation
Canal for the proposed
27.02 Cr Will be completed on June 2021
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install Piezo-meter for
regular monitoring of
the underground water
table in the proposed
project.
project and water will
not be extracted from
the underground
water. Moreover water
harvesting tanks will be
provided in the
proposed project .
Project proponent
agreed with the
suggestion.
4. Shree Vikas
R/O Panipat
Where the generated
bio-gas will be utilized?
Project Proponent
replied that the
generated Bio-gas from
the proposed plant will
be utilized in the Boiler
as fuel.
Not Applicable Not Applicable
5. Shree. Rajesh
R/O Vllage
Balijatan
What are the provisions
proposed for the parking
of vehicles as the
tractor-trolley and
trucks of the stubble will
come in the proposed
plant?
Project Proponent
replied that specific
parking will be
provided for the tractor
– trolley and trucks to
carry stubble in the
proposed plant
@ 50 Lacks Will be completed on June 2021
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Deputy Commissioner, Panipat told that the suggestions will be taken care & asked the public that
they can also submit their objections or queries, if any, personally in his office and action will be
taken for the same.
Thereafter, with the permission of Deputy Commissioner , Panipat, Regional Officer, HSPCB , Panipat
had declared the public hearing to be concluded and ended with a vote of thanks.
Copy of Public hearing minutes attached as annexure- IV.
Fig 7.1:Photogrphs of Public Hearing
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CHAPTER 8
Project Benefits
8.1 Introduction
Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding area or
community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development, boosting employment and
other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed activities in form side benefits.
This project would be a pioneering effort and first plant of its kind in India to demonstrate techno
economic viability of producing bio-ethanol from agricultural crop residues. This technology gives
India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards protecting
environment. As mentioned earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2
reduction of 3-4 % ( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12
million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.
8.1.1 Economic Importance:
The project will provide an opportunity to India to reduce its dependence on crude oil Imports. It will
also reduce the impact of crude oil price volatility seen quite often in international markets. It will
also help in reducing the subsidy burden of the Indian government since ethanol (produced locally
from agricultural residue) displaces petrol from imported crude. By 2020, India’s total gasoline
consumption is expected to touch 440 billion litres of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol
produced from lingo cellulosic raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of
gasoline could be between US $ 8 billon -10 billion per year. Which is approximately 52,800 Crores
to 66,000 Crores Indian rupees.
8.1.2 Social Importance
There is potential to create 18 million jobs and hence will significantly improve the future of Indian
farmers and biofuels business economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated
by selling agricultural crop residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and
sugarcane trash, etc.) and the rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value
chain will result in distributed economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be
consumed locally replacing fuel purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would
have been spent in procuring the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be
injected into the local economy or country.
This will have positive impact on the growth of India’s gross domestic product. Successful
implementation of this technology will create hundreds of thousands of direct and indirect jobs in
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India in the entire value chain from collection of lingo cellulosic biomass to processing into bio-
ethanol in small and medium manufacturing plants and finally marketing and selling of ethanol to oil
marketing companies.
8.1.3 Environmental Importance
This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility
towards the environment. As mention earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020,
The CO2 reduction of 3-4 % ( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to
12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible. The new blended fuels will help in maintaining cleaner
environment due to reduction in emissions.
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CHAPTER 9
Environmental Management Plan
9.1 Introduction
Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a system to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct
project proponent to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project activities.
EMP is a site specific document for the project, to ensure that the project will be implemented in an
environmentally sustainable manner and where all concerned persons of the industry as well as
contractors, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and
take appropriate actions to properly manage such risk.
Detail description of identification of pollution sources and its assessment are mentioned in chapter
IV i.e. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures. This delivers details EMP for identified impacts.
9.2 Objectives of EMP
1. To control the pollution parameters by implementing environment management plan for air,
water, noise, soil & pollution.
2. To ensure occupational health & safety by adequate risk & hazard management
3. To comply with all the regulations stipulated by Central/ State Pollution Control Boards related to
applicable laws.
4. Contribute to sustainable development.
5. To plan CSR activities to take care of stakeholder engagement.
9.3 Environment Management Plan for Construction Phase
Anticipated environmental impact due to proposed project during construction phase has been
discussed in chapter IV.
Below mentioned environmental management plan shall be implemented to mitigate adverse
impact of the proposed project.
Minor vegetation clearance will be required at site and very little soil excavation at the
project site will be required. However identified impacts would be temporary & restricted to
the project boundary. Excavated will be covered with tarpaulin sheet to avoid dust in
ambient air.
During transportation of materials trucks will be covered to avoid particulate matter in air.
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Regular sprinkling of water around vulnerable areas of the construction sites from trucks or
through use of water sprinklers or any other suitable methods, to control dust as and when
required.
Green belt area will be developed as per CPCB guideline to reduce air and noise pollution
impacts during construction.
Well maintained construction equipment’s and machinery will be used to minimize the air
pollution and noise pollution impact.
Use of vehicles with PUC certificates and regular maintenance of vehicles/ machineries and
shall be undertaken.
All construction machineries will be turned off, when not in use.
Night time construction activities and vehicular movement will be restricted.
Personal Protective Equipment’s like ear muffs or ear plugs, masks etc. will be provided to
workers who will have exposure to high noise.
First Aid facilities are available in existing plant and same will be used for construction
workers during construction phase.
All necessary infrastructural services like water supply, sewerage, drainage facilities and
electrification will be provided as per requirement.
Necessary drainage facilities shall be implemented via inclusive of catch pits or
sedimentation basins for efficient drainage of construction wastewater.
Drainage network will be properly channelized. Storm water drainage will be developed
properly. This network will be checked & maintained regularly.
9.4 Environment Management Plan For Operation Phase
IOCL Panipat 100 KLPD Ethanol plant proposes comprehensive environment management plan to
combat pollution arising due to project activity. Detailed EMP is described in subsequent below
mentioned points.
9.4.1 Air Pollution Management
It has been observed that the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SOX and NOX are well within
the prescribed limits as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The major sources
of air emissions from the proposed projects include nonpoint sources emissions and point
source emissions.
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The major sources of air emissions from the proposed projects will include flue gas emission,
process emission and vehicular emissions. Flue gases/ stack gas emission details are given in
Table 9.1 below.
Other than the above sources, fugitive emissions from tank vents, venting of equipment
during operation and maintenance are expected and are insignificant.
The emissions from the boiler are passed through Cyclone and bag filter before releasing
into atmosphere through stack. The stack heights of 80 - 85 m will be provided.
fly ash will be sold to brick/cement manufacturer.
Vehicular pollution measures will be undertaken by use of vehicles with PUC certificates and
regular maintenance of vehicles/ machineries.
Table 9.1: Stack emission details
Sr. No.
Description Flue gas emission D.G. Set Emissions
Boiler Fermentation Process
Condensate Treatment Plant
1. Capacity TPH - - kVA
2. Stack height above ground
80 - 85 m - - As per CPCB norms
3. Stack inner diameter 2.65 m - - -
4. Material of construction (MoC)
RCC - - -
5. Fuel used Rice Straw, Lignin Rich wet cake and Concentrated syrup
- - Diesel
6. Fuel consumption Rice husk/ Rice Straw : 168 MT/day
- -
7. Stack gas velocity 15 m/sec - - -
8. Emission rate <100 mg/Nmᶟ - - -
9. Stack gas temperature
170-190 0C - - -
10.
Temperature of exhaust gasses
150-160 0C - - -
11.
Anticipated pollutant (Flue Gas): CO2: 550 – 580 TPD SPM : 0.35 -0.45 TPD O2 : 350 – 370 TPD SOX : 2.4 to 3.2 TPD N2 : 2650- 2800 TPD
CO2 : 2600 – 3800 TPD
CH4 : 78-72 TPD
PM, SO2& NOX
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NOX : 0.3-0.5 TPD H2O : 570-600 TPD
12.
Air pollution control equipment
ESP/ Bag Filter, ID Fan, Chimney
Scrubber Scrubber/ Flared at safe location
Exhaust vent
Fly Ash :The ash will be sold to fly ash brick/cement manufacturer.
ESTIMATED EMISSIONS FROM PROCESS BOILER -
A. Indicative flue gas emission rates and composition
Estimated total flue gas at stack outlet based on boiler vendor : 1,62,000 – 1,75,000 kg/hr
@ 160 Deg. C i.e.1,35,000 – 1,45,000 nm3/hr.
Table 9.2: Theoretically Estimated Ash Analysis (Dry Basis)
Sr.No. Description Value
(%)
1 Silica SiO2 68 – 70
2 Alumina Al2O3 0.50 – 1.0
3 Iron Oxide Fe2O3 1.15 – 1.50
4 Sodium Oxide Na2O 4.0 – 6.0
5 Calcium Oxide CaO 10-12
6 Copper Oxide CuO 0.01 – 0.02
7 Potassium Oxide K2O 3.0 – 4.0
8 Chromium Cr2O3 0
9 Bromide Br 0
10 Sulphates AsSO3 2.5 – 3.0
11 Chlorides As Cl 5.0 – 5.5
12 Magnesium Oxide MgO 5.0 – 6.0
13 Phosporous Oxide P2O5 0.3 – 0.5
14 Mangaese Oxide MnO 0.1-0.2
15 Zinc Oxide ZnO 0.03- 0.04
16 Vanadium Pentoxide V2O5 0.01
17 Titanium TiO2 0.02 – 0.03
9.4.2 Noise pollution management
Construction work will be carried out during day time only.
The workers working near noise production machineries will be provided with ear plugs.
Construction equipment and vehicles will be maintained in good running condition.
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Noise producing machinery will be placed in acoustic enclosures/ acoustic rooms to reduce
the noise levels.
Workers working near noisy area will be provided with ear plugs/ suitable PPE.
Roads will be maintained in good condition to reduce the noise due to traffic.
Green belt will be developed in and around the project site which will help to reduce the
noise pollution.
9.4.3 Waste Water Treatment
The plant will require 3000 KLD water in operation phase. It will be drawn through nearby Yamuna
river canals.
Table 9.3 Water Consumption details
Particulars m3/hr MT/hr
Water consumption for process plant 16
DM Water consumption for boiler 28
Net fresh Water make up to cooling tower (after using recycle
water)
68
Miscellaneous water consumption- Drinking, washing, etc 10
Steam 48
Approx 2450 - 2550 KLD of Spent wash from the distillation is feed to Solid Liquid Separation to
remove wet cake. The liquid from solid liquid separation feed to evaporation to concentrate to 60%
w/w syrup. The concentrated syrup and wet cake will be burned in the boiler as a fuel. The water
recovered from evaporation will be partly recycled back to process and balanced treated in treated
water plant.
Intermediate Spent wash holding tank @ 5600 m3 is considered in the plot plan. MOC of the tanks is
CS with epoxy. During CIP of evaporation, spent wash will be transfer to this tank and same will be
consumed during evaporation. Adequate no of piezometers will be provided at strategic locations.
Online analyzers will monitor key parameters of treated effluent (i.e, feed to RO)
Below given is the water balance scheme:
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Figure 9.1: Water Balance Scheme
Figure9.2 : ETP Process Flow Diagram
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Table9.4 : Overall Effluent flow & Values
PARAMETER UNIT VALUE
STREAM A B C D E F G H
Name of the
stream
Process
Condensate
AHR
Treated
Effluent
Aerobically
Treated
Effluent
Sludge
Handling
(Ref.note
3)
Biological
Treated
Water
RO
permeate
RO reject to
Evaporation Biogas
Effluent Flow
rate
m3/da
y 698- 1008 698-1008 698-1008 3 - 8 698 - 1008 558- 807 140 - 201
2400-
3800
pH 3-4 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 NA
Total Dissolved
Solids mg/L 100 6000 6000 6000.00 6000.00 <240 <34000-38000 NA
Total
Suspended
Solids
mg/L <50 <500 <50 100000-
150000 <10 <1 <70 NA
COD mg/L 12000 <3000 <250 NA <250 <1700 NA
BOD mg/L 7000 <1400 <30 NA <30 <200 NA
Temperature Deg.C 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35
MO Alkalinity
as CaCO3 ppm
<82 - -
Calcium
Hardness as
CaCO3
ppm - - - - - <96 - -
Total Hardness
as CaCO3 ppm - - - - - <132 - -
Mg Hardness ppm - - - - - <36 - -
Sodium ppm - - - - - <13.2 - -
Potassium ppm - - - - - <5 - -
Chlorides ppm - - - - - <16 - -
Sulphates ppm - - - - - <58 - -
Reactive Silica
as SiO2 ppm - - - - - <15 - -
Total Iron as Fe ppm - - - - - <0.1 - -
Note: The dewatered biological sludge will be used for gardening and horticulture. Biogas generated
will be cold vented or safely flared. RO reject will be feed to Multiple Effect Evaporation system and
RO permeate can be mixed with treated raw water
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9.4.4 Land Environment/ Solid hazardous waste management
ITEM UNIT VALUE SOURCE DISPOSAL
Solid Effluent
Mud
TPD 8 - 9 Wet Washing
The extraneous matter in
the form of
sand/clay/stones/grit
coming along with the
Rice Straw will be
removed in Wet Washing
unit as a mud. It is
separated by classification
and collected in
trucks/tractor trolleys. As
this extraneous matter is
coming from the farms it
will be sent back to same
farms for land application
Dewatered Sludge
TPD 4.5 - 8.5
Process
Condensate
Treatment Plant
Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Plant. The collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure
Ash
TPD 120 - 130 Boiler
Ash from the boiler is
collected and conveyed
into silo for the
storage. This ash will be
transported to Cement or
Brick Manufacturing Unit
by means of closed trucks
. The ash analysis is
shared to Ultra Tech
Cement, Shree Cement,
Ambuja Cement , Nirman
Cement and under
discussion. The logistics
will be planned to avoid
any stoppage of the plant.
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9.4.5 Greenbelt development
Development of greenbelt in and around an industrial complex is an effective way to attenuate air
pollution. The degree of pollution attenuation depends upon height, width, foliage, surface area of
leaf and density of species etc.
Greenbelt will be developed as per CPCB guidelines. Green belt will be developed in premises of
project and as well as in nearby plots in Panipat complex. Layout showing greenbelt is given in Figure
below.
The objectives of the proposed greenbelt development will be,
Mitigate impact due to dust emissions
Control and assist to mitigate odour and air pollution impacts
Create an aesthetic environment
Enhance the bio-diversity of the vicinity
Prevent soil erosion and surface run-off
While planning and designing greenbelt, its various functions will be considered and they are-
Spatial-visual separation of larger parts of the premises
Entrance and roadside greenery helps in separating the main industrial structures
Provision of greenery along all interior pedestrian network Selection of plant species
will be based on the following characteristics Fast growing
Thick canopy cover
Perennial and evergreen
Large leaf area
Preferably Indigenous
Resistant to pollutants and should maintain ecological balance for soil and geo
hydrological conditions of the region.
Approximately more than 1000 tree will be planted. For green belt development plant species will
be selected according to CPCB guidelines and pollutant tolerance capacity of specific tree. Large
trees will be planted along the boundary of the project and planted in the initial phase of
construction. Shrub and medium growing trees will be planted along the road side. Plantation inside
the project boundary will be done after completion of inside construction. Tree plantation
specification for location and numbers are given in Table below List of recommended tree species
for greenbelt development is given in Table
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Figure 9.3 : Green Belt Development Plan/Layout
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Table 9.5: Tree plantation specifications
Sr.
No
Location Type Tree
density
Trees
interspacing
1. Boundaries of small
units, landscape area
Shrubs, small and medium trees 20 4 x 4 m
2. Boundaries of units medium to large size trees 7-10 5 x 5 m
3. Road sides Large size trees 5-6 20-25 m
Table 9.6: List of tree species recommended for greenbelt development
Sr. No. Botanical Name Local name Type Significance
1. Acacia nilotica sub species
indica and tomentosa
Babul T Dust tolerant
2. Anthocephalus kadamba Kadamba T Dust tolerant
3.
Azadiracta indica
Neem
T
Fly ash tolerant, tolerant of alkaline and
saline soil, common in the area, reduce
noise Pollution.
4. Bauhinia purpurea Kanchan T Dust tolerant
5. Bauhinia variegata - T Dust tolerant
6. Casurina equisetifolia Suru T Tolerant of sandy soil
7. Emblica officinalis Avala T -
8. Erythrina indica Indian
Coral Tree
T Tolerant of CO2
9. Eucalyptus species Nilgiri T Tolerant of sandy soil, SO2
10. Ficus glomerata Cluster fig tree T Tolerant of CO2
11. Ficus religiosa Peeple T Tolerant of CO2
12. Ficus benjamina Weeping
fig
-
13. Tamarindus indica Tamarind T Tolerant of alkaline/Saline soil
14. Michelia champaca Champak T Ornamental
15. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka T Suspended Pollutant controlling
Plant/Other Ornamental plant
16. Millingtonia hortensis Indian cork T Ornamental plant
17. Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu T -
18. Aegle marmelos Bel tree T -
19. Butea monosperma Palash T Help to Reduce Noise Pollution
Table 9.7: Flowering and foliage shrubs recommended for greenbelt
Sr. No Flowering plant (Shrubs)
1 Hibiscus spp.
2 Ceasalpinia spp.
3 Ixora Spp.
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4 Tabernaemontana divaricata (Tagar)
5 Calliandra haematocephala (Powder
puff)
6 Nerium oleander (Nerium)
7 Allamanda cathartica (Alamanda)
8 Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbago)
9 Hemalia petans
10 Vinca rosea
11 Cestrum nocturnum (Night Jasmin)
12 Canna indica
13 Chrysanthemum indicum
14 Duranta species
15 Euphorbia pulcherima
Year wise plantation planning
The plantation programs have to be implemented in phase wise manners in three tires
around the Plant. To ensure the effective plantation, a four year plantation programs
with number of tree/ shrubs species has been proposed and described below:
Description End of 2019 End of 2020 End of 2021 End of 2022
Number of
plants
150 trees 400 (Tree-250)
(Shrubs-150)
350 (Tree-100)
(Shrubs-250)
250 (Tree-100)
(Shrubs-150)
Plantation
priority
First Tire-
Around the
project
boundary of
the site
Second tire-
Around the
project
boundary of
the site
Third tire-
Inner layer of
project
boundary,
Along the road
side
Second
Tire-
Around the
units
Plantation of
grasses
Grass belt will be developed gradually after completion of construction
work.
Total 1150 plant species (Tree- 600 Nos.& Shrubs- 550 Nos.)will be planted in entire four
year plantation program. Required nutrients/ water/ manure and protection mess shall be
provided. Water requirement for the proposed greenbelt will be met from rainwater
harvesting tank.
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9.4.6 Odor Management Plan
Anticipated odor generation sources will be skins of grain, Fermentation unit, Septic
tank, Yeast storage & ETP sludge.
Following controlling measures will be implemented to avoid the odour problem:
All the aspects of odour control will be adopted in designing phase.
To prevent odour problems, skin of crop will be removed quickly to sell.
Fermentation unit will not cause any odour problem since it will be carried out in
closed system.
ETP and Yeast sludge will be used as manure in greenbelt.
Proper operating condition will be maintained.
Proper housekeeping will be maintained.
Greenbelt will be developed in and around the plant premises.
9.4.7 Management of traffic
The site has good connected toNH-1.
There will be enough space for movements of vehicles and parking.
The traffic management on the project site will be easily and smoothly
monitored without any hindrance to the regular flow of traffic on the main road.
Flow of traffic is eased out by providing adequate entries and parking areas.
9.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting
Objectives of rain water harvesting systems are,
To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table.
To beneficiate water quality in aquifers.
To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon.
To reduce soil erosion
Rain water harvesting is an important activity to conserve the rainwater for reuse and thus
reducing the overall raw water consumption for the plant requirements. Rain water
harvesting aids in meeting the non-potable purposes of water usage in the plant like,
Water for gardening purposes
Water for sprinklers that are used for dust suppression.
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9.4.9 Storm water collection and discharge system
Storm Water Drainage System: Each section of 2G Ethanol Plant has storm water collection
pit with pumping system. All such pits in the plant are connected through storm water
collection & drainage network. During monsoon, storm water for first 10-15 min will be
transfer to Effluent Treatment Plant and then it will be diverted to final storm water
collection pit through storm water collection network. The collected storm water is safely
discharged into nearby channel
Water harvesting potential- Typical water harvesting system is given below -
Figure 9.4: Rainwater harvesting system
9.4.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
For the proposed project, action plan for the implementation of OHSA Standards as per
OSHAS/USEPA is as shown below:
Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy;
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To comply with statutory legal compliance related to the OHC dept.;
Develop Onsite and Offsite emergency plan as Emergency Procedures to respond to
Potential Emergencies;
Schedule Regular Emergency Evacuation Drills by active participation and evaluation as and
when drill planned by safety department;
Six monthly periodic medical examinations of all workers working with the hazardous
process;
Reporting of all incidence and accidents by Accident & Incidence Reporting System;
Investigation of all incidence and accidents by Investigation Report System;
MSDS of all chemicals of company;
Review of first aid facility;
Preparing first aider & its information at work place;
Identifying training needs of all the departments;
Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General health promotional in workers by conducting
lectures for occupational health hazards in annual planner at training centre;
Up-keep of ambulance & OHC by maintaining records
Health
In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene, the
following measures will be undertaken:
Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per
OSHA requirement and specific medical examination.
All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) aspects related
to their job.
Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which produce 85
dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimetres. Audiometric tests are also done at
periodic intervals for all the plant employees.
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Regular (6 monthly) periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at
hazardous processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.
9.4.11 Socio economic development
Major CSR activities during FY 2015-16:
Sanitation: construction of toilets in govt. Schools
Environmental sustainability : installation of solar panels in govt. Schools
Expansion of education : providing furniture in all govt. Schools of nearby villages
Healthcare : organizing medical camps in neighbouring villages
Youth employment : skill development programmes in nearby villages
Science &innovation: setting up of library and science labs in govt. Schools of neighbouring
villages
To promote environmental sustainability, Installation of Solar panels at 4 Govt. schools of
Kachrauli, Sithana, Khora kheri and Barauli.
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Figure 9.5: Medical Camps organized for benefit of people in neighboring villages
Figure 9.6: IOCL Provided Furniture in Govt. Schools of nearby villages
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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at
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Figure 9.7: IOCL helped Setting up of Maths& Science Labs at Govt. schools
9.4.12 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC)
It is an integrated cells to co-ordinate the project activities which are concerned with
implementation of environment control measures and management. Main aim of EMC is effective
implementation of environment management system. The EMC will monitor the general and
preventive maintenance of pollution control system/ equipment undertaken by the maintenance
department to achieve optimum efficiency of the control equipment’s and to maintain the quality
environment.
Figure 9.8: Hierarchical of EMC
Responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell
The EMC has the responsibility to supervise or undertake the monitoring of various
environmental parameters by periodical monitoring and analysis of effluent, air, water and
noise quality to abate the pollution and also to ensure that whatever control or preventive
measures are implemented are working as per the requirement.
Greenbelt maintenance: Monitoring the growth of the greenbelt in and around
the plant so that required measures can be recommended in time.
Environmental monitoring: EMC will ensure that pollution is well below the
prescribed limits or there is no much difference between the present
concentrations and baseline data. If wide difference is observed then to initiate
required corrective action either by optimizing the treatment process or by
providing equipment or improving the performance of existing pollution controls
equipment will be undertaken. In case the monitored results of environment
pollution indicate parameters exceeding the prescribed limits, remedial actions will
be taken through the concerned plant people. The actual operation and
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maintenance of pollution control equipment’s will be the responsibility of
respective department head or a plant in charge.
Legal and statutory compliance: EMC will also be responsible to look after
preparation of environment statement report, carrying out environment audit,
preparation of Water Cess return and consent application etc. under various Acts
and Rules applicable as mentioned below:
The provision of, the water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974,
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981
Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement)
Rules, 2010
The Environment Protection Act,1986.
Documentation: The cell will also be responsible for maintaining the records of
data, documents and information in line with the legislative requirement and will
regularly furnish the same to the concern statutory authorities.
POST CLEARANCE MONITORINGPROTOCOL
After grant of environmental clearance by the EAC(IND2), MoEF&CC, the half yearly
compliance reports will be submitted in hard and soft copies to the concerned regional
MoEFCC office on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year with respect to EC
conditions.
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST
Estimated cost of EMP is Rs. 3507 Lakhs
Table 9.8: EMP BUDGET
Table 9.8 : Capital & Operating expenditures for environment protection measures i.e EMP
Sr. No Description Capital Cost
(Rs. in lakhs)
Recurring Cost
(Rs. in lakhs)
1. Air Pollution Control 525 25
2. Water Pollution Control ETP (PCTP , OSBL ETP) 2703 135
3. Solid waste Management 150 7
4. Environmental Monitoring & Management - 6
5. Noise pollution control –Acoustic Enclosure for DG Set 9 1
6. Rainwater Harvesting 75 7.5
7. Occupational Health 10 2
8. Greenbelt development 35 3.5
Total 3507 187
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Major potential environmental impacts from proposed project will be from solid waste generation,
wastewater generation, ground water exploitation and flue gaseous emissions. However an
effective environment management plan reduces level of significant impact on the environment.
IOCL will implement effective occupational health and safety measures. Hence, proposed project
will be environment friendly and safe.
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CHAPTER 10
Summary and conclusion
Project Title: Environmental clearance for lingo-cellulosic 2G ethanol plant
Schedule: Distillery , (Category A).
IOCL Panipat proposes to install new 100 KLPD cellulosic non-food biomass (Agri waste) based
second generation advanced technology.
The proposal was submitted on 20/02/2018 on MoEF web portal. The project obtained Standard
terms of reference (ToR).
Project Location: Grampanchayat Baholi, Panipat refinery road, Panipat -132140 ,Haryana
(Latitude: 29°27'46.42"N, Longitude: 76°52'29.52"E)
The proposed 100 KLPD capacity Plant will utilise agricultural crop residues (stubbles, straw, plants)
and other Lignocellulosic feed stocks to produce Absolute Alcohol.
Process involved at the plant: Biomass storage, Material handling, Milling ,conveying and wet
washing, Pre-treatment , Enzymatic hydrolysis, Co-fermentation, Distillation, Dehydration, solid
liquid separation, Evaporation, process condensate treatment plant.
Total Area: 34.66 Acres
Power Requirement: 13000 KWH
Water Requirement - The plant will require 3000 KLD water in operation phase. It will be
drawn through nearby Yamuna river canals.
Man Power Construction Phase - 22 months varied from 25 to 1325
Manpower for Operation Phase 35 per shift
Solid waste: The solid waste generated from the plant will be insignificant.
The baseline study & environmental monitoring was done from 1st December 2016 to 28
February 2017. The environmental baseline was done for Air Quality, Surface and Ground
Water Quality, Soil characteristic, Flora and Fauna, Socio- Economic condition of the nearby
population data of study area in Panipat, Haryana region. No Ecological sensitive,
Archaeological Monuments, Wild Life Sanctuary, National Park, Critically polluted areas
were found in 5 KM radial distance around the plant.
IOCL already has developed robust safety management plan. All offsite and onsite plans are
reviewed regularly. Mock Fire drill test are conducted periodically.
In light of the Corporate Social Responsibility program under CSR initiative scheme of the
Corporation, Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) in the project area will be undertaken as
per Government of India guidelines.
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Occupational Health Measures: Regular Health check-up of labours will be provided week
for periodic health monitoring. Periodical assessment of the status of health of the
employees, environment, drinking water, canteen hygiene and other welfare facilities will
be checked. Cleanliness of toilets, washing/bathing facilities and extermination of rodents,
pests, flies etc is ensured.
Post Project Monitoring Plan: IOCL will monitor the Air, Meteorological, Noise, Water,
periodically through an approved laboratory as per SPCB guidelines.
Project cost: 700 – 748 Crores INR.
This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and ful fill its responsibility
towards the environment. As mention earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020,
The CO2 reduction of 3-4 % (over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to
12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible. The new blended fuels will help in maintaining cleaner
environment due to reduction in emissions
Conclusion
Major potential environmental impacts from proposed project will be from solid waste generation,
wastewater generation, ground water exploitation and flue gaseous emissions. However an effective
environment management plan reduces level of significant impact on the environment. IOCL will
implement effective occupational health and safety measures. Hence, proposed project will be
environment friendly and safe.
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CHAPTER 11
Disclosure of Consultants
The consultant engaged and the brief description of the key personnel is furnished below.
ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited
ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company &
leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company. We are the first firm to be accredited
by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an
EIA Consultant. We are equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National
Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology,
Government of India.
Since establishment our focus is on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on
sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying customers
need. The company has successfully completed more than 100’s projects of variety of industries, in
the field of pollution control. We are also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner
production technology. Our team of technocrats and scientists are well experienced to deal with the
Designing, Manufacturing, Fabrication, Installation and Commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater
Treatment Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Combined Treatment Plants.
We are having a well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after our well-
equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological
parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and our clients.
11.1 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited
11.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Social Impact Assessment (SIA)
Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil, Ecology,
Socio Economic and Demography etc;
Environmental Monitoring
Socio Economic Studies
Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan
Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies
Ecological Impact Assessment
Environmental Management Framework
Solid Waste Management
Hazardous Waste Management
Internship & Training
11.1.2 TURNKEY PROJECTS
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Water Treatment Plants
Sewage Treatment Plant
Recycling & Water Conservation Systems
Zero Discharge System
Other Services
Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants
Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals
Pilot Plant studies
Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates
11.1.3 LABORATORY DIVISION
Chemical Testing
Environmental Testing
Microbiological Testing
Food Testing
METALLURGICAL TESTING
Mechanical Testing
Chemical Testing
Corrosion Testing
11.2 Sectors Accredited By National Accreditation Board For Education And Training (NABET) &
Certificate for the same is attached on the page no. 145
1. Mining of Minerals (Opencast only)
2. Thermal Power Plants
3. Mineral Beneficiation including Pelletisation
4. Metallurgical Industries ( Ferrous& Non Ferrous)
5. Petroleum refining industry
6. Chlor-alkali Industry
7. Leather/skin/hide processing industry
8. Chemical Fertilizers
9. Textile – cotton and manmade fibres
10. Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries
11. Distilleries
12. Sugar Industry
13. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals
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14. Airports
15. Industrial Estates/ Parks/Complexes/Special Economic Zones
16. Highways/Railways/Transport terminals/Mass rapid transport system
17. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)
18. Common Municipal Solid Waste Management facility (CMSWMF)
19. Building & Construction Projects,
20. Townships & Area Development Projects
11.3 Study Team
ABC Techno Lab India Private Limited has been carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact Assessment, Air
& Water pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology & bio-diversity, Land use,
Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner and team members were
Name Role
Mr. Abhik Saha EIA Coordinator ,FAE – Water Pollution
Dr. Chaitanya Sathe FAE – Water Pollution
Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan Functional area Expert – Land Use, Water pollution, Hydrogeology
Dr. N. Sukumaran Functional Area Expert – Ecology & Biodiversity
Dr.Thillai Govindarajan
Functional Area Expert – Hydrogeology and Geology
Mr. M. Senthil Kumar
Functional Area Expert – Risk Assessment & Hazard management
Mr. V.K Gautam
Functional area Expert – Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling& Prediction
Mr. R. Rajendran
Functional area Expert – Air Pollution, Prevention and Control of Pollution and Noise
Mr. SushilMeshram Functional Area Expert – Socio-Economic
Mr. Sameer Zope
Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis
Ms.DakshataKumbhar Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis
Ms.Asawari Dotihal Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis
Mr. SatyawanUpale Field Technician
Mr. SakharamNare Field Technician
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ANNEXTURE I