Environmental Monitoring Report · Environmental Monitoring Report This report has been submitted to ADB by the Ministry of Ports & Highways and is made publicly available in accordance

Environmental Monitoring Report

This report has been submitted to ADB by the Ministry of Ports & Highways and is made publicly available in accordance with ADB’s public communications policy (2005). It does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB.

Project Number: 26522 March 2011

Sri Lanka: Southern Transport Development Project ADB Funded Section

Prepared by egis bceom International,

In association with Consulting Engineers and Architects Management Consultant,

Colombo, Sri Lanka.

For Road Development Authority Ministry of Ports & Highways, Sri Lanka

DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF PORTS & HIGHWAYS ROAD DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

SOUTHERN TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

ADB-FUNDED SECTION (KURUNDUGAHAHETEKMA TO PINNADUWA)

BI-ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

MONITORING REPORT

JULY TO DECEMBER 2010

in association with Consulting Engineers and Architects Management Consultant

ADB

ADB Section

i

Table of Contents

Page Abbreviations i

List of Tables ii

List of Figures iv

Executive Summary 1

Introduction 3

1.1 Basic Project Information 3

1.2 Monitoring Overview 4

1.

1.3 Structure of the Report

4

Environmental Status: 6

2.1 Works Undertaken 6

2.2 Relevant Method Statements 8

2.3 Statutory Environmental Permits 8

2.4 Environment Documents Submission 9

2.

2.5 Environmental Meetings and Inspections

10

Environmental Monitoring Requirements 11

3.1 Summary of Compliance, Impact and Mitigation Monitoring Requirements 11

3.2 Environmental Monitoring Locations 12

3.2.1. Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations 12

3.2.2. Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations 13

3.3 Environmental Quality Performance Limits 13

3.

3.4 Event Action Plan

16

4. Mitigation Monitoring Results 17

4.1 Mitigation Monitoring Schedule in Reporting Period 17

4.2 Mitigation Monitoring Methodology 18

4.3 Implementation of Environmental Mitigation Measures 18

4.4 Summary of Non-Conformance Issued

27

Environmental Parameters Monitoring Results 28

5.1 Impact Monitoring Schedule in the Reporting Period 28

5.2 Monitoring Methodology and Equipments 29

5.3 Impact Monitoring Results 30

5.

5.4 Summary of Impact Monitoring Results

36

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Summary of Non Compliance, Non Conformance and Complaints 38

6.1 List of Contraventions of EPL and Actions to Address 38

6.2 List of Lack of Conformity to EMP (non Conformance) and Proposed Actions to Address

38

6.3 List of Monitored Environmental Parameters, Exceeding and Actions Taken

39

6.4 List of Environmental Complaints and Prosecution 40

6.

6.5 Results of Non-conformances Issued for Complaints, Actions, and Reponses of Contractor.

43

7. Conclusion 44

Appendices

A Project Organization /Contact Information

B Map Showing the Locations of Environmental Impact Mitigation Monitoring

C Noise level and SPM Monitoring Locations

D Reports of SPM Monitoring (Concrete Batching Plant & Asphalt Plant)

E Reports of SPM Monitoring (Aggregate Stocks at Ceased Aggregate Crushing Plant- A)

F Reports of SPM Monitoring (Aggregate Stocks at Ceased Aggregate Crushing Plant- B)

G Minutes of OPCRM and Environmental & Safety Issues Meeting

H Summary of Public Complaints and Action of Settlement (up to 31st December 2010)

I Status of Unsuitable Material Disposal Sites

J Plants Monitoring Programme Commenced During the Reporting Period

K Photographs

L Base Line Data for Surface Water Quality Measurements

M Analytical Report of the Surface Water Quality

ADB Section

i

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank AP – Affected Person ABOP BOD

- -

Air Blast Over Pressure Biochemical Oxygen Demand

CEA – Central Environmental Authority COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand CSC – Construction Supervision Consultant (Engineer) DO dB

- -

Dissolved Oxygen Decibel

EA – Executing Agency (RDA) EC Electric Conductivity EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EIMO – Environmental Impact Monitoring Officer EMP – Environmental Management Plan EMU - Environmental Management Unit of RDA GN – Gramaseva Niladhari ITI – Industrial Technology Institute JICA – Japan International Co-operation Agency km – Kilometer MC – Management Consultants MPN Microorganisms Positive Number MOH – Ministry of Highways MSP – Mortared Stone Pitching NBRO – National Building Research Organization NGO - Non-Governmental Organization PCRM – Public Complaint Resolving Monitoring Meeting PPV – Peak Particle Velocity PD – Project Director PM – Project Manager PMO – Project Managers’ Office PMU – Project Management Unit RDA – Road Development Authority RIP – Resettlement Implementation Plan ROW – Right of Way RSC _ Road Safety Component STDP – Southern Transport Development Project SPM TSS

_ -

Suspended Particulate Matter Total Suspended Solids

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ii

List of Tables

Page Table 1 Compaction Activities and Construction Material Transportation Activities 6

Table 2 Minor Construction Activities Performed from July to December 2010 8

Table 3 Statutory Permits Issued for the Reporting Period 8

Table 4 Types of Submitted Environmental Documents 9

Table 5 Environmental Meetings held during the Reporting Period 10

Table 6 Environmental Inspections held during the Reporting Period 10

Table 7 Summary of Compliance, Impacts and Mitigation Monitoring Requirements 11

Table 8 Location of Surface Water Quality Monitoring 13

Table 9 General Standards for Discharge of Effluents into Inland Surface Waters 13

Table 10 Maximum Permissible Noise Levels for Prescribed Activities 14

Table 11 Interim Standards for Ground Vibration and Air Blast Over Pressure 15

Table 12 National Standards for the Ambient Air Quality 15

Table 13 Prescribed Activities for Environmental Protection Licences 16

Table 14 Event Action Plans 16

Table 15 Description of Impact Mitigation Monitoring 17

Table 16 Drainage Improvements 19

Table 17 Erosion Control Measures 23

Table 18 Protection of Air Quality 25

Table 19 Safeguard Measures to Minimize Noise 25

Table 20 Safeguard Measures to Ensure Statutory Compliance with Vibration Limits 26

Table 21 Waste Management 26

Table 22 Summary of Non-Conformance Issued 27

Table 23 Parameters Monitored during the Reporting Period 28

Table 24 Monitoring Methodology and Equipments 29

Table 25 Surface Water Quality Analysis 30

Table 26 SPM Measurement Results 32

Table 27 Ambient Air Quality Levels at Asphalt Plant 32

Table 28 Number of Compaction Measurements and Noise Level Exceeding 33

Table 29 Number of Compaction Measurements and GV Exceeding 34

Table 30 Noise Level Measurements at the Boundary of Concrete Batching Plant 34

Table 31 Rainfall data from July to December 2010 35

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Table 32 List of Contraventions of EPL (Non-compliance) and Actions to Address 38

Table 33 Lack of Conformity to EMP (Non-conformance) and Proposed Actions 38

Table 34 List of Environmental Exceedances of Monitored Parameters and Actions

taken during the Reporting Period

39

Table 35 Environmental Complaints from July to December 2010 40

Table 36 Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures Adopted during Reporting Period 44

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iv

List of Figures

Contents Page Figure 1 Location Map of the Project 3

Figure 2 Compaction Noise Levels Exceeding 33

Figure 3 Compaction Ground Vibration Levels Exceeding 34

Figure 4 Rainfall Variations in Project Area from July to December 2010 36

Figure 5 Summary of Complaints and Resolutions up to 31st December 2010 40

Figure 6 Categorization of Public Complaints (ADB Section) 41

Figure 7 Categorization of Public Complints (South Section) 42

Figure 8 Damage Assessments & Payments 43

ADB Section

1

Executive Summary The Southern Transport Development Project is the first controlled access Expressway to be implemented in Sri Lanka. It is a 125.57 km 4-lane Expressway between Colombo and Matara and is financed with domestic and foreign funds. The ADB-funded section extends 29.3 Km from Kurundugahahetekma to Pinnaduwa. The Project’s Environmental Impact Monitoring and Mitigation is carried out in accordance with the Environmental Action Plan prepared based on the Environmental Management Plan. Since the construction activities of the project are nearing completion, environmental issues are becoming lesser. The construction activities affecting the environment are as follows:

(1) Embankment filling and compaction (2) Removal of soil (3) Sub-base, base course and pavement laying (4) Construction of Underpasses, bridges, culverts and drains (5) Slope protection and other miscellaneous works.

The following items are monitored during the implementation of the project.

(1) Hydrology and Drainage (2) Surface water Quality (3) Air Quality (4) Noise & Vibration (5) Waste disposal (6) Social Impacts

The hydrological and drainage impact - such as soil erosion of embankment, sedimentation, water stagnation, floods and earth slips - were monitored in the project area. Several irrigation channels, croplands and low lands were silted due to sudden heavy rain during September and November 2010. This led to several locations in the project area being affected by flooding. However, no households were flooded. The quality of Surface Water was analyzed once in the six-months period to check for any adverse effects on the quality of the water due to the project activities. Surface water qualities were measured on 21st July, 2010 from Gin Ganga at Km 14+100, the Keembiya Ela at Km 19+900 and the Holuwaagoda Ela at Km 29+600. According to the analytical results, EC, BOD, Chloride and COD levels were lower than to Base Data levels. The Total Coliform and Faecal Coliform levels were higher. However, it cannot be concluded that these changes were a result of the Highway construction activities.

According to the work carried out through the period, the possible adverse air emission sources were dust from vehicle movements, operation of asphalt plant and operation of concrete batching plant.

The watering of the pilot road and local road crossings continued to reduce dust, which was one of the main contributors to air quality deterioration. In addition, the vehicle speed within the Site was limited to 30 Km/hr.

The SPM level was measured at the Concrete Batching Plant, the Asphalt Plant and at aggregate stockpiles at Crusher Plant-A and Plant –B. As specified in National

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2

Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) regulations (1994) under the National Environmental Act No 47 of 1980, desired SPM levels are 0.35 mg/m3 for 8 hours average time and 0.45 mg/m3 in the 3 hours average time. According to the results, SPM measurements comply with the National Standards for the Plant locations and SO2 and NO2 levels in ambient air at the Asphalt Plant are within the permissible level of the National Standards. Compaction monitoring was carried out to determine whether the noise and vibration levels exceed the recommended levels at the nearest residential locations. The activity carried out during the above period was soil compaction and Base compaction. All the noise level measurements taken at the locations of soil compaction and Base compaction were within the permissible levels of the National Standards.

Results reveal that 24 no. vibration level measurements out of 43 no. were over the permitted levels (19 no. out of 30 Base Compactions and 5 no. out of 13 Soil Compactions). Noise measurements at the Boundary of the Concrete Batching Plant were within the specified levels of the National Standards. As a mitigation measure, construction works have been limited to daylight hours. In cases where it has not been possible to limit vibration levels (due to requirements for satisfactory construction), the Contractor has made inconvenience payments to the affected residents. A total of 77 no. new complaints were received during the period from July to December 2010. The Contractor resolved 137 no. complaints during this period. Total complaints received up to 31st December, 2010 were 2,140 no. in the ADB-funded section and actions have been taken on 2,110 no. cases. In the South Section, 249 no. complaints had been received up to 31st December, 2010 and actions have been taken for all the cases. The complaints fell into eight categories, with the highest no. received during this period being for damage to cultivations (20) and vibration damage due to compaction (17). According to the observations recorded during Site inspections carried out by the Management Consultant (MC), Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and RDA, further improvements were evident at the Site. Joint weekly inspections by the CSC and the Contractor, other Joint inspections and monthly meetings such as the Obstruction/Public Complaints Resolving Monitoring Meetings (OPCRM) and Environmental and Safety Issues Meetings have helped resolve most of the problems at Site.

ADB Section

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Chapter 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Basic Project Information:

Southern Transport Development Project (STDP) ADB Section. (a) Total Length: 29.3Km (From Kurundugahahetekma - Pinnaduwa ) (b) Funding Agency: ADB (c) Contract Price: Rs. 24.1 Billion (d) Construction Period: 25th April, 2003 - 31st January, 2010 (e) Employer: Road Development Authority (f) Supervision Consultant: Roughton International, UK (g) Contractor: Kumagi Gumi Co. Ltd. (h) Design: STDP has been designed as a dual carriageway Access-controlled Expressway.

Fig. 01:- Location Map of the Project.

JICA Section Pk 2

South Section

Management Consultants Office Expressway Chinese EXIM Bank Funded Section Expressway ADB Funded Section Expressway JBIC Funded Section PMU Office

Consultants Offices Limits of Civil Works Packages Interchanges

JICA Section Pk 1

ADB Section

ADB Section

4

Objective of the Report:

As per the National Environmental Act of No 47 of 1980 and the subsequent amendments, projects of this nature require Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The EIA of the project was approved on 23rd July, 1999 for a period of 3 years and its validity was extended on 8th April, 2002, 3rd August, 2005, and 23rd July, 2008 respectively until 22nd July, 2011. The CEA-chaired Monitoring Committee approved the project Environmental Management Plan (EMP) on 16th March, 2007. The EMP included Environmental Impact Monitoring and Mitigation Plan of the project and provided a framework to minimize the adverse environmental impacts in three defined phases of the project - viz. pre-construction, construction and operation.

Pursuant to the project Contract Documents VolI-1/3: General, implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) relevant to the construction phase of the project is an obligation of the Contractor.

In addition to above, pursuant to the Conditions of Contract Document Volume II, the Contractor must (i) take reasonable steps to protect the Environment on and off the Site from pollution and noise or other causes arising as a consequence of his methods of operation, (ii) avoid damage or nuisance and (iii) comply with all provisions in the loan agreement. Furthermore, the Contractor must follow the required conditions of the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) for the project. The Contactor must also submit Environmental Monitoring Reports monthly to both the Engineer and the Employer for review. In addition to the above, the Environmental Construction Clauses included in Contract Documents Vol. III-Specifications place further obligations on the Contractor.

The objective of this bi-annual Progress Report is to detail the Contractor’s actions to comply with his obligations above and other regulatory requirements in the country to mitigate adverse environmental impacts resulting from the construction and to detail the Employer’s reviews/comments on the effectiveness of such actions by the Contractor.

1.2. Monitoring Overview:

The Management Consultant (MC) prepares this Bi-Annual Environmental Impact Monitoring Report on behalf of the RDA, based on the Roughton International Supervision Consultant’s Monthly Environmental Impact Monitoring and Mitigation Reports and field observations carried out by the MC.

This report covers the period from 1st July, 2010 to 31st December, 2010.

1.3. Structure of the Report:

The structure of the report is as detailed below:

1. Executive Summary. 2. Introduction- Basic project information; monitoring overview and structure of

the report.

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5

3. Environmental status- Works undertaken during the reporting period; relevant method statements and follow-up procedures; environmental permits; submission of environmental documents and environmental meetings.

4. Environmental monitoring requirements- Summary of compliance, impacts and mitigation monitoring requirements; environmental monitoring locations; environmental quality performance limits and event action plans

5. Mitigation monitoring results- Mitigation monitoring schedule in reporting period; mitigation monitoring methodology and implementation of environmental mitigation measures

6. Environmental parameters monitoring results- Impact monitoring schedule; monitoring methodology; monitoring equipments; impacts monitoring results and summary of impacts monitoring results.

7. Summary of Non Compliance (EPL), and non-conformance (EMP) and complaints.

8. Conclusion.

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Chapter 2

2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS: 2.1 Works Undertaken: The construction activities undertaken in the reporting period (from July to December 2010) are given in Tables Nos. 1 & 2.

Table No. 1 – Compaction activities and Construction material transportation carried out from July to December 2010.

Compaction Construction material transportation

July

Aug

ust

Sept

embe

r

Oct

ober

Nov

embe

r

Dec

embe

r

July

Aug

ust

Sept

embe

r

Oct

ober

Nov

embe

r

Dec

embe

r

1+500 2+000 2+500 3+000 3+500 4+000 4+500 5+000 5+500 6+000 6+500 7+000 7+500 8+000 8+500 9+000 9+500

10+000 10+500 11+000 11+500 12+000 12+500 13+000 13+500 14+000 14+500 15+000 15+500 16+000

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16+500 17+000 17+500 18+000 18+500 19+000 19+500 20+000 20+500 21+000 21+500 22+000 22+500 23+000 23+500 24+000 24+500 25+000 25+500 26+000 26+500 27+000 27+500 28+000 28+500 29+000 29+500 30+000 30+500 31+000 31+500 GPAR 0+500 1+000 1+500 2+000 2+500 3+000 3+500 4+000 4+500 5+000 5+500

In addition to the above major construction activities, the following minor construction activities performed during the reporting period:

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8

Table No. 2 – Minor construction activities performed from July to December 2010.

No Work Task Location Time Period Ch. July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 1 Asphalt

Preparation 20+000

2 Concrete Batching

14+500

3 Vehicle Servicing

4+500, 21+000

2.2. Relevant Method Statements:

In accordance with Sub-Clause 7.2 (d) of the Conditions of Contract, the Contractor prepares Construction Documents (Method Statements) with sufficient detail to meet the construction, environmental, safety, regulatory requirements, etc. and submits them for the Engineer’s review and comments before commencement of the Works. If the Engineer notifies the Contractor that such Construction Documents fail to comply with requirements, they shall be rectified, resubmitted and reviewed again.

In addition to the above, the Contractor submits daily work schedules and Request for Inspection Forms (RIF) for the Engineer’s inspection of the Works. In such inspections, the Engineer confirms the construction works are in accordance with the Contract Documents, accepted Method Statements and other requirements, etc. Furthermore, the Engineer conducts follow-up monitoring/actions to verify Contractor’s compliance.

2.3. Statutory Environmental Permits: The permits (such as Environmental Protection Licences - EPL and Environmental Approvals issued by the Central Environmental Authority and Mining Licences issued by the Geological Survey and Mines Bureau) issued for the relevant period are given in Table No. 3.

Table 3: Statutory Permits Issued for the Relevant Period.

No. Activity Location

Type of approval / Licence Issuing Authority

Validity Period

1. Asphalt Plant

20+200 RHS

Environmental Protection Licence 01474 (R2)

CEA 01.02.2010~ 31.01.2011

2. Concrete Batching Plant

14+500 (RHS)

Environmental Protection Licence (02084 R2 )

CEA 04.03.2010 ~ 03.03.2011

3. Crusher Plant-A

4+800 LHS


CEA 01.09.2007 ~ 31.08.2010

Motor Pool-A

4+800 RHS

4.

Motor Pool-B

21+300 RHS


CEA

25.03.2008 ~ 24.03.2011

5. Work beyond

22+000-25+000

Environmental Approval 08/EIA/Trans/14/2007/Sub 01

CEA 29.10.2010 ~ 28.01.2011

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No. Activity Location

Type of approval / Licence Issuing Authority

Validity Period

17+500-22+000

Environmental Approval 08/EIA/Trans/14/2007/Sub IX

25+000-27+000

Environmental Approval 08/EIA/Trans/14/2007/Sub VIII

02.09.2010~ 01.12.2010

5+500-9+500

Environmental Approval 08/EIA/Trans/14/2007/Sub V

day time hours

13+500-17+500

Environmental Approval 08/EIA/Trans/14/2007/Sub VII

CEA

21.10.2010 ~ 20.01.2011

2.4. Environmental Documents Submission: The following environmental documents have been submitted to the relevant institutions in accordance with each work schedule: Table 4: Types of submitted Environmental Documents:

No Type of the document Submitted to Content of the report

1 Monthly Environmental Impacts Monitoring and Mitigation Reports (KG & RI)

RI, RDA Environmental impacts monitoring data and mitigation measures

2 The document of list of public complaints and resolving (KG)

RI Received environmental complains from the affected parties and actions taken.

3 The report of Damage Assessment and Payments (KG)

RI The progress of assessing the damages on properties of public due to project activities and relevant payment details

4 Monthly Safety Reports (KG) RI Safety matters followed in the previous month.

5 Bi-annual Environmental Impact Monitoring Reports have been prepared on three sections for the period from January to June 2010. (MC)

ADB, JICA, CEA,RDA

Environmental impact monitoring data, mitigation measures and recommendations.

6 Report on Environmental Safeguards in STDP- Southern Section -Pinnaduwa to Godagama Section. (MC)

RDA Implementation of Environmental Safeguard policies and associated mechanisms of STDP- Southern Section.

7 Report on Review of the Outstanding Environmental Issues in the ADB Section. (MC)

RDA This report may help to resolve all the Environmental issues by the time of completion of the construction works of the project.

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2.5. Environmental Meetings and Inspections: The environmental meetings and inspections held during the reporting period, together with a brief description of the outcome/s, are given in the Tables Nos. 5 and 6 respectively. Table: 5. Environmental Meetings Held During the Reporting Period No. Meetings Remarks 1. Monitoring Committee Meeting No. 41 of

the STDP held on 27th August 2010 at the Central Environmental Authority (CEA).

Progresses on Environmental Impact Mitigation activities were discussed.

2. Environmental and safety issues meetings at Engineer’s Office (22.07.2010, 26.08.2010, 23.09.2010, 21.10.2010, 30.11.2010 and 04.01.2011)

Minutes of the meeting are given in Appendix G as an example.

3. Obstructions/Public Complains Resolving Monitoring Committee (OPCRM) meetings at Engineer’s Office (15.07.2010, 26.08.2010, 23.09.2010, 28.10.2010, 30.11.2010 and 04.01.2011)

Minutes of the meeting, are given in Appendix G as an example.

4. Contractor’s Internal Monthly Safety and Environmental meetings

Safety and Environmental matters

5. Contractor’s Internal Monthly Tool Box meetings

6. Meeting on Outstanding Environmental Issues in the ADB Section (DPD Office, Dewata, Galle) – 15th December 2010

Discussions on solutions and parties responsible.

Table: 6. Environmental Inspections Held During the Reporting Period No. Inspection Remarks

1. Weekly Joint Inspections carried on Production Plants.

Held every Wednesday

2. Engineer’s weekly Joint Site Inspections of Contractor’s environmental impact mitigation actions.

Held every Thursday

3. Management Consultant’s Site Inspections of Contractor’s environmental impact mitigation actions on 05.07.2010, 04.10.2010, 20.10.2010, 12.11.2010, 29.11.2010 and 21.12.2010.

The Engineer has been directed to have the Contractor-related issued rectified.

4. Site visit of the ADB Mission on 24th November, 2010.

5. CEA field visit on 14th December, 2010. Cut slope failures were discussed.

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Chapter 3

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REQUIREMENTS: 3.1. Summary of Compliance, Impact and Mitigation Monitoring Requirements: Table: 7. Summary of Compliance, Impacts and Mitigation Monitoring Requirements:

Discipline Compliance Impact Mitigation Monitoring Requirements

Hydrology Water levels of Wells

To comply with the EMP and FDR - University of Moratuwa, 2001

Because of construction activities, water levels of nearby Wells are decreasing due to depletion of Water Table.

No mitigation measures, as unavoidable circumstances.

As per the EMP, monitoring of hydrology to minimize hydrological and drainage impacts are needed. Water levels were monitored1 on weekly basis to check for any deviations.

Ground water quality

In compliance with the Sri Lanka Standard Specification for Potable Water

Changes in pH Value, Conductivity, Salinity, DO level, BOD5, COD, SS, Nitrate, Phosphate, Chloride, Oil & Grease, Zinc, Lead, Total coli form/Fecal coli form, Iron, Manganese.

To avoid ground water quality deterioration arising due to construction activities

Every six months during construction (Dry/wet season basis) and at a higher frequency where necessary to check for any deviations from Standards and baseline data

Air Quality To comply with the National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) Regulations published in Gazette Notification No. 850/4 dated 25th October 1994 under the provisions of the National

Air pollution due to 1) Vehicular emissions, (2) Dust generation during construction stage, (3) Improper storage and transportation of materials.

To minimize air pollution during the construction activities

To check for any non-compliance with the Air Quality Regulations and to take appropriate action.

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1 RDA carried out measurements of water levels at 14 no. locations over a one-

year period from August 2005 to August 2006. After 2006, monitoring of water levels has not been carried out at these locations. Most of these locations disappeared when construction activities proceeded, as they were situated within the ROW.

From May 2008, the Contractor started monitoring of water levels at 16 no. new locations, following instructions given by RDA. The average distance considered from the centerline of the trace to a well location is approx. 30m and measurements were taken relative to natural ground level. Water levels were monitored on a weekly basis.

According to the measurements obtained during a period of more than one year, it is evident there has been no significant impact on ground water levels (GWL) due to the project construction activities, with small changes in GWL compatible with rainfall incidence.

In view of the above, the Contractor ceased measurement of ground water levels in August, 2009.

The Contractor will take ground water level measurements if public complaints are received. 3.2. Environmental Monitoring Locations 3.2.1. Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations (Surface Water Bodies):

Because of materials and equipment used for construction works, deterioration of surface water quality can occur due to earthworks, siltation and erosion.

To ensure effective impact mitigation, periodical testing of water quality is carried out to identify pollution impacts at early stages. Parameters and frequencies for water quality monitoring are listed in the Environment Management Plan. Monitoring of water quality is scheduled to be carried out every six months during the construction stage. The baseline measurements were taken in August, 2001 for

Environmental Act. Noise & Ground vibration

To comply with the National Environmental (Noise Control) Regulation 1996 No 924/12 dated 23.05.1996 and ISO 1996 (Part 1, 2, 3) and - 4142: 1990

Excessive noise generations due to construction activities. Excessive ground vibration and air blast over pressure due to blasting and compaction activities.

LA,eq One hour at Day time peak particle velocity air blast over pressure level

To minimize noise emissions due to construction activities and ground vibration exceeding due to compaction activities.

To check for any non-compliance with the Noise Control Regulations and to take appropriate action.

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the dry season and in November, 2001 for the wet season. Surface water quality monitoring measurements were carried out on 21st July, 2010 for the period July – December 2010. The following water bodies are given in the Final Drainage Report (FDR- University of Moratuwa, 2001) as locations for monitoring surface water quality:

Table- 8- Location of Surface Water Quality Monitoring

Chainage Location Water Source (Surface water)

Present Activity

14+100 Ginganga River Bridge work in progress.

19+900 Keembiya Ela , Poddala (Over the bridge) Stream Bridge completed.

29+600 Holuwagoda Ela (sample Collected at existing bridge) Stream Bridge completed.

3.2.2. Groundwater Quality Monitoring Locations (Wells)

Monitoring of water quality is scheduled to be carried out in every six months during the construction stage. The baseline measurements were taken in August, 2001 for the dry season and in November, 2001 for the wet season. The most recent ground water quality monitoring measurements were carried out in August, 2009 for the period of July – December, 2009. Ground water quality measurements have not been carried thereafter as no public complaints were received. Further ground water quality measurement and analysis will be carried out if public complaints are received.

3.3. Environmental Quality Performance Limits:

(I). Water Quality Standards

General Standards for Discharge of Effluents into Inland Surface Waters are published in Gazette Notification No. 595/16 dated 8th January, 1990 under the provisions of the National Environmental Act.

Table: 9. General Standards for Discharge of Effluents into Inland Surface Waters

No. Determinant Tolerance Limit

1. Total Suspended Solids, mg/liter, max 50 2. Particle size of Total Suspended Solids Shall pass sieve of aperture

size 850 micro m. 3. pH value at ambient temperature 6.0 to 8.5 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand-BOD5 mg/ltr, max 30 5. Temperature of discharge Shall not exceed 40 0C @

15m downstream. 6. Oils and Grease, mg/ liter max 10.0 7. Total Residual Chlorine mg/ltr, max 1.0 8. Phenolic Compounds (as phenolic OH) mg/l

max. 1.0

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No. Determinant Tolerance Limit

9. Cyanides (as CN) mg/l, max 0.2 10. Sulfides, mg/l, max 2.0 11. Fluorides, mg/l, max 2.0 12. Arsenic, mg/l, max 0.2 13. Cadmium total, mg/l, max 0.1 14. Chromium total, mg/l, max 0.1 15. Copper total, mg/l, max 3.0 16. Lead, total mg/l, max 0.1 17. Mercury total, mg/l, max 0.0005 18. Nickel total, mg/l, max 3.0 19. Selenium total, mg/l, max 0.05. 20. Zinc total, mg/l, max 5.0 21. Ammonium Nitrogen mg/l, max 50.0 22. Pesticides Undetectable 23. Radio-active material

(a) Alpha emitters micro Curie/ml (b) Beta-emitters micro Curie/ml

10-7

10-8 24. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), mg/l, max 250

(II). Noise Standards The National Environmental (Noise Control) Regulations published in Gazette Notification No. 924/12 dated 21st May, 1996 under the provisions of the National Environmental Act are given in Table No. 10. The major sources of noise and ground vibration on the Kurundugahahetekma to Pinnaduwa section were:

Compaction Heavy Vehicle Movements Operation of production Plants

Table: 10. Maximum Permissible Noise Levels (At the boundary)

Area

Day Time (06.00-21.00) Night Time (21.00-06.00)

Low Noise (Pradeshiya Sabha Areas)

55 dB (A) 45 dB (A)

Silent Zone

50 dB (A) 45 dB (A)

At boundaries of the land in which the source of noise is located in Laeq T for construction activities

75 dB (A) 50 dB (A)

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(III). Ground Vibration and Air Blast over Pressure Standards Interim Standards for Ground Vibration and Air Blast Over Pressure currently applied are given in Table No: 11. Table: 11. Interim Standards for Ground Vibration and Air Blast Over Pressure

Activity Category of the Structure

Frequency/type Permissible Vibration in PPV (mm/Sec.)

Air Blast Over Pressure (ABOP) in dB (L)

Construction activity / vehicle movements

Type 3 10 – 50 (Continuous)

2.0 -

Rock blasting with multi bore holes and with delay detonators

Type 3 Impulsive 5.0

120

(IV). Air Quality Standards National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) Regulations published in Gazette Notification No. 850/4 dated 25th October, 1994 under the provisions of the National Environmental Act are given in Table No. 12. Table: 12 - National Environmental Ambient Air Quality Standards

Maximum Permissible Level No.

Pollutant

Average Time in mg/m3 in ppm

1. Carbon Monoxide

8 hr 1 hr Any time

10 30 58

9 26 50

2. Nitrogen Dioxide 24hr 8hr 1hr

0.10 0.15 0.25

0.05 0.08 0.13

3. Sulfur Dioxide 24hr 8hr 1hr

0.08 0.12 0.20

0.03 0.05 0.08

4. Ozone 1hr 0.20 0.10 5. Lead Annual

24hr 0.0005 0.002

-- --

6. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Annual 24hr 8hr 3hr 1hr

0.10 0.30 0.35 0.45 0.50

-- -- -- -- --

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(V). Prescribed activities

Pursuant to the regulations published in Gazette Notification No. 1533/16 dated 25th January 2008 under the provisions of the National Environmental Act, EPLs should be obtained for the activities given in Table No.13, prior to commence operations. Table13: Prescribed Activities for Environmental Protection Licenses (EPLs)

No. Prescribed Activities 1. Asphalt plant 2. Concrete batching plant 3. Stone crusher plants (A &B) 4. Road Metal quarries 5. Vehicle repairing garages (Motor pools- A &B)

3.4 Event Action Plans: The planned responses in the event that environmental quality performance limits for water quality, air quality, noise and vibrations are exceeded are given in Table No. 14. Table: 14. Event Action Plans Environmental Concern

Action/Remedial measures Responsibility Follow up action

Water Quality Identifying the causes of deterioration of water quality and take appropriate actions to mitigate such causes / treatments.

Contractor Follow up actions to be carried until the cause of deterioration of water quality is mitigated/ treated.

Air Quality Identifying the source of air quality deterioration and adopting appropriate measures to prevent/minimize.

Contractor Follow-up actions (tests) to be carried out to check the adopted measures are effective.

Noise Identifying the source of high noise and take appropriate measures to mitigate the high noise by means of adopting acoustic methods, restricting operation hours, proper Site selection for high noise generation activities, etc.

Contractor Follow-up actions to be carried out to check the adopted measures are effective.

Ground Vibration

Identifying the source of vibration and adopting appropriate measures such as reduction of the source, changing the method of construction, etc.

Contractor Follow-up actions to be carried out to check the adopted measures are effective.

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Chapter 04 4.0. Mitigation Monitoring Results: 4.1 Mitigation Monitoring Schedule in Reporting Period:

A brief description of the impact mitigation monitoring conducted during the reporting period is given in Table No. 15. Table:15. Description of Impact Mitigation Monitoring During Reporting Period No. Monitoring Event

Date/s Monitoring

Monitored By

Location/s

1. Dust emission control from vehicle movement in pilot road.

Daily Contractor Throughout the trace

Weekly joint Site inspections

Contractor, Engineer & RDA

2. Drainage improvements.

Site inspections: 15.07.2010, 04.10.2010, 20.10.2010, 12.11.2010, 29.11.2010, 21.12.2010

Management Consultant

Throughout the trace. (See Table No. 16)

3. Surface Water quality monitoring.

21.07.2010 Contractor 14+100-Ginganga, 19+900-Keembiya Ela, 29+600-Holuwagoda Ela

5. Ground vibration due to compaction.

During compaction on public complaints

Contractor Locations of public complaints (See Table No. 28)

6. Noise level measurements at Production Plants

October 2010 Contractor Selected Locations at concrete batching Plant. (See Table No 30)

02 .07.2010 Asphalt Plant 03 .07.2010

Concrete Batching Plant

02 .09.2010 Crushing Plant A

7. Air Quality measurements (SPM) (See Table No 27, 28)

20 .08.2010

Contractor

Crushing Plant B Weekly joint Site inspections

Contractor, Engineer & RDA

8. Erosion control

Site inspections carried out on 15.07.2010, 04.10.2010, 20.10.2010, 12.11.2010, 29.11.2010, 21.12.2010.

Management Consultant

Throughout the trace

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4.2. Mitigation Monitoring Methodology: Mitigation monitoring was carried out by Site visits, measuring the levels of ground vibration, analyzing the water quality, etc. When environmental problems were observed by the joint site inspections, mitigation measures and rectification actions were discussed jointly. Environmental problems identified by the Management Consultant during field inspections were advised to the Contractor through the Engineer. 4.3. Implementation of Environmental Mitigation Measures: Summaries of environmental impact mitigation works undertaken during the reporting period are given in the following tables:

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Table No: 16 Drainage Improvements (See Appendix K – Photographs)

Location L/R Issue Mitigation In-place

Mitigation Required Non conformance and Date Recorded

Follow up MitigationAction

Progress Status/

Ch. 2+337

RHS Both ends of the pipe culvert have been blocked with earth.

Not effective

De-silting and Regular maintenance required.

The Contractor due to verbal instructions given in the Joint site inspections has taken actions.

Cleared OK

Ch. 2+500

RHS Both ends of the pipe culverts have been blocked with earth.

Not effective

Regular maintenance required.

-Do- Cleared

Satisfactory

Ch. 2+700

RHS Water stagnation due to blocked MSP

Nil De-silting with erosion control measures and regular maintenance required.

-Do- Cleared Satisfactory

Ch. 3+300

RHS Pipe culvert has been silted.

Not effective

Regular maintenance required.

-Do- Cleared

Satisfactory

Ch. 3+400

RHS Both ends of the pipe culverts have been blocked with earth.

Not effective

De-silting and regular maintenance required.

-Do- Cleared

Satisfactory

Ch. 4+900~ 5+200

LHS Earth drain blocked Nil De-silting and regular maintenance required.

-Do- Cleared

Satisfactory

Ch. 5+267 LHS Clogging of drop inlet Nil Cleaning and regular maintenance

-Do- Cleared OK

Ch. 5+267 RHS Pipe culvert partially blocked

Nil De-silting, cleaning and regular maintenance

-Do- De-silted & cleaned

Satisfactory

Ch. 5+766 RHS Pipe culvert partially blocked


-Do- Cleaned Satisfactory

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Progress Status/

Ch. 7+140 LHS Culvert siltation Not effective

De-silting, cleaning and regular maintenance


Ch. 12+330

RHS Lead away silted. Nil De-silting, cleaning and regular maintenance


Ch. 12+780

RHS Lead away channel partially blocked



Ch. 13+400

RHS Silt the silting pond Nil De-silting, cleaning and regular maintenance


Ch. 14+000 Debris at temporary bridge

Removal of debris Removed OK




Ch. 15+100

RHS Water stagnation due to blocked MSP

Nil De-silting with erosion control measures and regular maintenance required.


Ch. 18+300 RHS Culvert and side drain siltation

Not effective






Ch. 20+000 RHS Culvert siltation Not effective




Not effective




Not effective






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Progress Status/




Ch. 12+455 RCBC

RHS Earth bund collapsed due to rain

Nil De-silting and strengthen the bund

-Do- Adjacent field desilted & bund strengthen-ed

Satisfactory

Ch. 4+900

RHS Culvert blocked by silts Nil De-silting with erosion control measures and regular maintenance required.


Ch. 21+440

RHS Water stagnation due to blocked box culvert

Not effective

Clear and regular maintenance required.


Ch. 24+100

Water stagnation at the upstream due to blocked box culvert

Nil De-silting with erosion control measures and regular maintenance


Ch. 7+200

LHS Culvert blocked by silts Nil Desilt and regular maintenance required.

-Do- Desilted Satisfactory

Ch. 9+500

RHS Culvert blocked by silts and no sufficient leadaway drain.

Nil Cut the pilot road, desilt and regular maintenance required.

Pilot road has been cut and de-silted

Satisfactory

Ch. 13+100 RHS Lead away silted Nil -Do- Cleaned Satisfactory Ch. 13+400 RHS Silting pond siltation Nil De-silted Satisfactory Ch. 13+600 RHS Silting pond siltation Nil

De-silting and regular maintenance

-Do- De-silted Satisfactory Ch. 15+000

LHS MSP drain silted. Nil De-silting with erosion control measures and regular maintenance

-Do- De-silted Satisfactory

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Progress Status/

Ch. 15+500

RHS Temporary causeway has reduced water flow capacity

Nil To remove temporary causeway for facilitating water flow.

Removed Satisfactory

Ch. 20+780 RHS MSP drain silted. Nil -Do- De-silted Satisfactory Ch. 21+500 LHS MSP drain silted. Nil Cleaned Satisfactory Ch. 26+200 RHS MSP drain silted. -Do- Cleaned Satisfactory Ch. 28+360 RHS Culvert blocked -Do- Cleaned Satisfactory Ch. 28+600 RHS MSP drain silted. -Do- Cleaned Satisfactory Ch. GPA 4+780

RHS Culvert and Canal siltation -Do- Cleaned Satisfactory

Ch. GPA 4+600

LHS RCBC and MSP siltation

Not effective

De-silting and regular maintenance required.


Ch. 2+120

LHS Additional drainage structure to be constructed

Nil Engineer’s letter No.RI/STDP/RDA/84/5189/s Date 04.10.2010 , and RDA/STDP/LARD/AP/EM/37 Date 01.12.2010

Not effective

Not yet attended to.

Ch. 2+340 Outside ROW

LHS Downstream ponding in the rainy season

Nil Downstream drainage facilities should be improved

- Do - Provincial Irrigation Department has been funded by RDA

Not yet attended

Ch. 12+440 RHS Incomplete leadaway Not effective

To rehabilitate the leadaway canal

- Do - Completed Satisfactory

Ch. 29+650 LHS Water stagnation in the paddy field

Not effective

To resolve drainage problem

- Do - Pilot road opened

Satisfactory

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Table No: 17. Erosion Control Measures (See Appendix K – Photographs) Location L/R Issue Mitigation

In-place Mitigation Required

Non conformance and Date Recorded

Follow up Mitigation Action.

Progress Status/

Ch. 7+400

RHS Soil erosion Nil Construct temporary silt trap and earth bund.

Contractor responded to first verbal request via CSC at site inspections

Attended OK, check once in a month

Ch. 7+700

LHS Silt pond blocked Nil Desilting and regular maintenance

-Do- Desilted OK. Regular maintenance required.

Ch. 12+455 RHS Silted paddy land Nil Desilting and preventive measures required

-Do- Desilted

Ch. 13+700 RHS Silted paddy land Nil Desilting and preventive measures required

-Do- Turfing of adjacent embankment completed

OK

Ch. 13+800 RHS Soil erosion of the Embankment

Nil Turfing the embankment is required

-Do- Commenced the turfing

OK


Nil Turfing the embankment is required

-Do- Constructed a temporary bund

To be accelerated the turfing activities

Ch. 24+100

RHS Erosion of embankment Not effective Turfing with erosion control measures

-Do- - Do-


Turfing is required -Do- Commence the turfing

- Do -

Ch. 26+100

RHS Erosion of embankment Not effective Turfing with erosion control measures

-Do- Commence the turfing

Satisfactory

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Mitigation Required



Progress Status/

Ch. 13+100

RHS Soil erosion and silts have been washed off from the ROW.

Not effective To construct a toe drain.

-Do- A toe drain has been constructed and embankment has been turffed.

Satisfactory

Ch. 13+900

RHS Soil erosion. Not effective Turffing the embankment.

-Do- Turffing the embankment.

Satisfactory

Ch. 24+100

RHS Soil erosion and siltation. Not effective Turfing with erosion control measures

-Do- Turffing the embankment.

Satisfactory

Ch. 13+600 RHS Erosion of embankment Not effective Turfing with erosion control measures

-Do- De silted and constructed toe drain.

Required to accelerate turfing works.

Many locations

Soil erosion of excess soil stockpiles within sixth lane area

Nil Reshaping of stockpiles, providing earth drains and turfing where necessary

Not Satisfactory

To expedite erosion control works

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Table No. 18 Protection of Air Quality Location L/R Issue Mitigation

In-place Mitigation Required Non

conformance and Date Recorded


Progress Status/

Pilot road Fugitive dust emissions from vehicles operating on pilot road due to insufficient wetting.

Not effective

Frequencies of wetting the pilot road shall compatible with the prevailing weather conditions and maintain the speed limit of vehicles.

Frequencies of wetting the pilot road have been increased.

Speed limits of vehicles required to maintain below 30km.

Asphalt Plant premises

Dust emission due to vehicle movement.

Not effective

Wet process Frequencies of wetting have been increased.

Table: 19. Safeguard Measures to Minimize Noise Location L/R Issue Mitigation

In-place Mitigation Required Non

conformance and Date Recorded


Progress Status/

No issue

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Table: 20. Safeguard Measures to Ensure Statutory Compliance with Blasting and Vibration Limits. Location L/R Issue Mitigation In-

place Mitigation Required



Progress Status/

As all the blasting activities are over, no blasting issues during this period.

Not required

Ch. 18+500 03-07-2010 Ch. 30+400 21-07-2010 Ch. 14+500 26-08-2010 Ch. 19+200 28-08-2010 Ch. 25+280 28-08-2010,

15-09-2010 Ch. 20+700 10-09-2010 Ch. 25+200 15-09-2010 Ch. 24+050

Generation of excessive ground vibration due to compaction

Exceeding the limits.

Roller with non-vibratory option.

19-10-2010

Table No: 21. Waste Management Location L/R Issue Mitigation In-

place Mitigation Required



Progress Status/

Motor Pool- B at Ch. 20+300

RHS No issue

Not required

Motor Pool- A at Ch. 4+800

LHS No issue

Not required

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4.4. Summary of Non-Conformance Issued. The summary of non-conformance issued for mitigation and response of the Contractor and follow-up by monitoring team and success or reliability of mitigation measures and feedback is given in Table No. 22. Table: 22. Summary of Non-Conformance Issued Environmental Issue Details of non

conformances issued

Feedback

Drainage impacts Not yet attended Erosion Control

No. RI/STDP/RDA/84/5189/s Date 04.10.2010 and RDA/STDP/LARD/AP/EM/37 Date 01.12.2010

Not yet attended

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Chapter 5

5.0. Environmental Parameters Monitoring Results: 5.1. Impact Monitoring Schedule in the Reporting Period: The parameters monitored during the reporting period are given in Table No. 23. Table: 23. Parameters Monitored During the Reporting Period.

No. Parameters

Days of monitoring Locations Monitored by

1. Rainfall Daily Main Laboratory at CH 18+000, Batching Plant at CH 14+500, Crusher Plant A at CH 4+800 and Asphalt Plant B at CH 20+200 (See Table No. 31)

Contractor

2. Surface Water Quality

21.07.2010 14+100-Ginganga, 19+900-Keembiya Ela, 29+600-Holuwagoda Ela (See Table No. 25 and Appendix L)

Contractor

3. Ground vibration and noise due to compaction

During compaction Locations of public complaints. (See Table No. 01, 28 and 29)

Contractor

4. Noise level measurements at Plants

October 2010

Selected locations at the Concrete Batching Plant. (See Table No. 30)

Contractor GSMB Technical Services (Pvt) Ltd

02/09/2010 Stocks of aggregate at Crusher plant A

20 /08/2010 Stocks of aggregate at Crusher plant B

03 /07/2010 Concrete Batching Plant

5. Air Quality (SPM)

02 /07/2010 Asphalt plant

ITI and the Contractor

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5.2. Monitoring Methodology and Equipments: Table: 24. Monitoring Methodology and Equipments No Monitoring parameters

Monitoring Methodology and Equipments

1. Rainfall Using rain gauges Temperature Thermometer pH Electrometry Electrical Conductivity Conductometry Dissolved Oxygen Electrometry Salinity Conductometry Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 3 at 30OC/5 at 20OC

Manometer Electrometry Open reflux Titrimetry

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Closed reflux Colorimetry

Total Suspended Solids Gravimetry Chloride Titrimetry Nitrate Nitrogen Colorimetry Oil and Grease Gravimetry Total Phosphate Colorimetry Lead AAS/Flame

AAS/GTA Zinc AAS/Flame Iron AAS/Flame Manganese AAS/Flame Coliform count (MPN/100ml) MPN Test

2. Water Quality parameters

E-Coli (MPN/100ml) MPN Test 3. Water levels Using a measuring tape after

establishing Temporary Bench Marks (TBM) relative to Mean Sea Level (MSL)

4. Noise Measured in terms of LAeq T by using integrating averaging sound level meter complying with type 2 BS 6698:1986 (IEC 804) as in the noise control in Gazette Notification No. 924/12 dated 21st May, 1996

5.

Ground vibration due to compaction Ground vibration measured in terms of Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) with units in mm/s using Blastmate III equipment.

6. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in Ambient air

Annual 24hr 8hr 3hr 1hr averaging time

Using hi-volume sampling & Gravimetric

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5.3. Impacts Monitoring Results: (I). Water Quality: Surface and Ground Water Quality Recording of surface water quality and ground water quality were carried out at selected locations along the project corridor before the project commenced. Water quality as measured in August 2001 is considered the baseline data. According to the EMP, water quality should be measured twice a year, during dry and wet seasons.

The surface water quality was measured on 21st July, 2010. Two samples were taken from Gin Ganga at Km 14+100 (100m upstream and downstream of the bridge), together with a sample from Keembiya Ela (at Km 19+900) and Holuwaagoda Ela (at Km 29+600). Table No. 25 shows the surface water quality measured on 21st July, 2010, location mentioned in the Final Drainage Report.

Table 25- Surface Water Quality Analysis

Water Quality Analysis CH14+100 CH 19+900 CH 29+600 Parameter Upstream

21st July 2010 Downstream 21st July 2010

21st July 2010

21st July 2010

PH 6.9 7.0 5.8 7.1EC ms/cm 0.03 0.03 0.05 0. 06Turbidity (NTU) 32 82 52 31Temperature C 27.1 27.1 28.8 27.6DO mg/l 7.1 6.4 7.8 6.2BOD mg/l 01 05 02 02TSS mg/l 15 12 06 08Chloride mg/l 07 08 08 02Sulphate mg/l < 1 1.5 1.37 2.05Phosphate mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01COD mg/l 08 12 17 12Nitrate mg/l 0.40 0.60 0.06 0.53Total Iron mg/l 0.3 0.31 1.12 0.59Total Coliform 100/MPN 2200 1700 1700 3000Faecal Coliform 100/MPN

500 230 700 800

(The above data is to be assessed relative to the Base Line Data for Surface Water Quality Measurements- Aug 2001 –Appendix J). (A) Discussion According to the analytical results, EC, BOD, Chloride and COD levels have lower values than Baseline values. The Total Coliform and Faecal Coliform levels have higher values than Baseline values. However, it cannot be concluded that these changes are a result of the Highway construction activities.

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(II). Water Levels:

According to the records, there was no significant variation of ground water levels over a period of more than one year. The small changes of GWL (Ground Water Levels) varied with rainfall incidence. Accordingly, the main factor affecting ground water levels is the rainfall pattern of the area. It is clear that there has been no significant impact on ground water levels due to the project construction activities.

As stated previously, the Contractor has not measured the ground water levels since August 2009. Further ground water analysis will be carried out if public complaints are received. (III). Air Quality Monitoring Results

According to the work carried out through the period, the possible air pollution sources were dust from the vehicle movements, aggregate stockpiles and the operation of asphalt plant & concrete batching plants.

Pursuant to the EMP, air quality must be measured at production plants at least once

every three months and whenever public complaints are received. Air quality measurements were taken in July, August and September 2010. Operation of Crushing Plants has ceased, as the Contractor has completed most of the construction activities from Kurundugahahetekma to Pinnaduwa.

In addition, the Contractor has carried out regularly monitoring and visual

observations at each work site and prepared a schedule identifying the excessive dust emission locations.

However, no complaints due to dust were received during the reporting period.

The Contractor has taken following measures to prevent dust emission;

• Watering of exposed areas to prevent dust emission from construction sites. • Modification of the watering schedule to prevent dust.

• Water browsers employed to control dust throughout the entire pilot road

and at public road intersection crossing points. • Installation of speed limits signs all along the corridor.

In addition, the vehicle speed within the site is limited to 30 Km/h.

The SPM levels have been measured at the Concrete Batching Plant, the Asphalt Plant and at aggregate stockpiles at Crushing Plants A and B. As specified in National Environmental (Ambient Air Quality) regulations (1994) under the National Environmental Act No 47 of 1980, desired SPM levels are 0.35 mg/m3 for 8 hours average time and 0.45 mg/m3 for 3 hours average time. The results (relative to the ITI report) are given in Table No. 26.

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Table -26 - SPM Measurement Results

SPM(mg/m3) Location

Measured level Permissible level

02/09/2010

Dry/ Sunny

SPM

08hrs

03 hrs 08 hrs

Crusher plant A Stocks of Aggregates

0.09 0.45 0.35

20 /08/2010

Dry/ Sunny

08 hrs

Crusher plant B Stocks of Aggregates

0.07 0.45 0.35

03 /07/2010

Dry

03 hrs

Concrete Batching Plant 0.07 0.45 0.35

02 /07/2010

Dry

03 hrs

Asphalt plant 0.04 0.45 0.35

In July, 2010 ambient SO2 and NO2 measurements were carried out at the Asphalt plant. Results are given in Table No. 27.

Table -27- Ambient Air Quality Levels at Asphalt Plant on July 2010

Parameter Value (mg/m3) Maximum permissible Level (mg/m3)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

0.02 0.20

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

0.01 0.25

(B) Discussion

According to the results, SPM measurements comply with the National Standards for SO2 and NO2 levels in ambient air.

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(IV). Noise & Vibration Monitoring Results Compaction activities are the noise and vibration sources in this section. Compaction monitoring was carried out to determine whether the noise and vibration levels exceed the recommended level at the nearest residential locations. The activity carried out during the above period was soil compaction and Base compaction. A summary of the noise monitoring for compaction activities and the numbers exceeding permitted levels is given in Table No. 28 below:

Table 28-Number of Compaction Measurements and Noise level Exceeding

(2010) Month Base Compaction Soil compaction Number of

Measurement Exceeding Number of

Measurement Exceeding

July 6 None 4 No

August 7 None 4 None

September 10 None - -

October 7 None 5 None

November _ _ _ _

December _ _ _ _

Figure - 2- Compaction Noise levels Exceeding

A summary of vibration monitored compaction activities and the number of exceeding are given in Table No. 29:

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Table 29-Number of Compaction Measurements and GV Exceeding (2010) Month Base Compaction Soil compaction Number of

MeasurementExceeding Number of

Measurement Exceeding

July 6 5 4 None

August 7 6 4 3

September 10 5 _ _

October 7 3 5 2

November _ _ _ _

December _ _ _ _

Figure- 03- Compaction Vibration levels Exceeding

The Contractor has taken some mitigatory measures (such as to enclose the high noise area of the plants with noise barriers at the boundary) to minimize the nuisance to nearby residences. Since the Asphalt plant was not operational on the day the noise measurements were taken, the noise level measurements relate only to the Concrete Batching plant. (Table No. 30). The Plants did not operate continuously throughout the reporting period, but operated only several hours a day on scheduled days. A Layout plan is given in Appendix B.

Compensation payment scheme of the contractor continued from the beginning of the project and no public complaints received from nearby residents regarding noise. Table -30- Noise Level Measurements at the Boundary of Concrete Batching plant

Measured Location & Noise Level dB(A) Measured Date A B C D

October 2010 54 54 51 53

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(C) Discussion

According to the results, all the noise measurements taken at the locations of soil compaction and Base compaction comply with the Standards.

However, 24 No. vibration level measurements out of 43 No. measurements were over the permitted levels (19 No. out of 30 No. Base Compactions and 5 No. out of 13 No. Soil Compactions). High vibration levels occur frequently in residencies situated close to the ROW. To overcome this problem, low capacity machines could be deployed more when construction activities are being carried out close to residential areas.

In cases where it has not been possible to limit vibration levels due to the requirements for satisfactory construction, the Contractor has made inconvenience payments to the affected people.

All the noise measurements at the boundary of the Concrete Batching Plant (Ch. 14+500) are within the permissible level of the National Standards. (V). Rainfall and Hydrology Table 31- Rainfall data (mm) from July to December 2010 Month Crusher Plant A

4+800 LHS Concrete Batching Plant 14+500 LHS

Asphalt Plant 20+200 RHS

Main Lab

July 328 245.2 233.5 290.3

August 84 150.2 145.9 108.1

September 559 585.4 403.4 427.2

October 330 298.8 275.5 247.8

November 630 487.8 591 535.3

December 465.5 352.9 476 404.8

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Figure-4- Rainfall Variation from July to December 2010 Heavy rainfall was experienced during September and November 2010. Due to exceptional rainfall, several locations in the project area were affected by flooding. However, no households were affected. (VI). Waste Management: During the reporting period there were no significant waste generation activities carried out. Waste management procedures and plant management procedures followed by the Contractor depend on the nature of the waste. Wastes generated from the Motor pools have been managed according to the conditions of the EPL and the Pradeshiya Sabha at Baddegama removes solid wastes at the Site office periodically. (VII). Rehabilitation of Borrow Pits/Waste Disposal Sites: Rehabilitation and other related works at Borrow Pits and Waste Disposal Sites have already been completed (see Appendix G). 5.4. Summary of Impact Monitoring Results: (I). Water Quality: According to the analytical results, EC, BOD, Chloride and COD levels are lower than Baseline values. The Total Coliform and Faecal Coliform levels are higher than Baseline values. However, it cannot be concluded that these changes have happened due as a result of the Highway construction activities. The Contractor will monitor Ground Water Quality as and when public complaints arise.

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(II). Water Levels: The Contractor has not needed to measure the ground water levels since August 2009.

(III). Air Quality Monitoring Results: According to the results, SPM measurements comply with the National Standards for the four locations and SO2 and NO2 levels in ambient air and levels at the Asphalt Plant approximate to permissible levels of the National Standards.

(IV). Noise and Ground Vibration Monitoring Results: All the noise level measurements taken at the locations of soil compaction and Base compaction were within the permissible level of the National Standards.

However, 24 No. vibration level measurements out of 43 No. measurements exceeded specified levels (19 No. out of 30 No. Base Compactions and 5 No. out of 13 No. Soil Compactions). Noise measurements at the Boundary of the Concrete Batching Plant were within the specified levels of the National Standards. (V). Rainfall and Hydrology: Heavy rainfall was experienced during September and November, 2010. This led to several locations in the project area being affected by flooding. However, floodwater did not affect households of the public.

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Chapter 6

6.0. Summary of Non-Compliance (EPL), Non-Conformance (EMP and EC) and Complaints. 6.1. List of Contraventions of EPL (Non-compliance) and Actions to Address: Table: 32 Contraventions of EPL (Non-compliance), Non-Conformance (EMP and EC) and Actions. Activity Activity and

Location

Non compliance Actions

1. Soil Stockpile close to a water body

17+892 RHS Soils and silts wash into the water body. No measures have been taken to minimize soil erosion.

The Supervision Consultant was informed to advise the contractor to remove all the soil stockpiles placed near water bodies.

6.2. List of Lack of Conformity to EMP (Non- conformance) and Proposed Actions to Address:

Table: 33. Lack of Conformity to EMP (Non- conformance) and Proposed Actions.

Environmental

Concern Location/s Non compliance Actions

1. Hydrology and drainage impacts

Block of drainage culverts

Contractor has taken measures to minimize erosion and clean the blocked culverts. However, he should immediately adopt effective measures.

2. Air Quality Dust from operation of vehicles on the pilot road, and public road crossings

Contractor has increased the pilot road and local road crossings wetting frequency.

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Environmental Concern

Location/s Non compliance Actions

3. Noise and ground vibration

24 no. of Ground vibration level measurements due to compaction recorded non-compliance with the standards.

Contractor has been advised to change the method of compaction and to check the condition of the houses whether any danger to reside. Since November, no compaction works have been carried out using heavy machinery in the vicinity of houses.

4. Soil erosion/surface runoff

Non-adoption of proper erosion control measures.

Contractor has been advised to adopt effective erosion control measures in remaining small portions.

5. Social impacts - Excessive vibration due to compaction, Damage to cultivation and Heavy vehicle movement & incidents

See above 3&4.

6.3. List of monitored environmental parameters exceeding and actions taken: Table: 34. List of monitored environmental parameters exceeding and actions taken during the reporting period:

Time Period & Location Impact Identified

Action Taken

July

Aug

ust

Sept

embe

r

Oct

ober

Nov

embe

r

Dec

embe

r

Over GV due to compaction

The No of Machinery was limited as much as possible.

18+500, 30+400

14+500, 19+200, 25+280

20+700, 25+280

24+050, 25+200

_ _

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6.4. List of environmental complaints (in brief) and prosecution: 77 no. new public complaints have been recorded during the reporting period. Total complaints received up to 31st December 2010 were 2,140 in the ADB-funded section and actions have been taken for 2,110 cases. In the South Section, 249 complaints have been received up to 31st December and actions have taken for all the cases. The complaints categorized into eight categories and the highest number of complaints received during this period for damage to cultivations (20) and vibration damage due to compaction (17). Table: 35. Environmental complaints from July to December 2010.

Complaints category New cases received

from July to December Cases investigated/resolved from July to December

Nuisance related 1 2 Severance of access 4 6 Vibration & damage due to compaction

17 41

Vibration & damage due to blasting

13 23

Heavy vehicle movement & incidents

12 30

Damage to cultivation 20 28 Drainage 10 7 Land matters 0 0 Total 77 137

See Appendix H, Summary of Public Complaints and Action of Settlement (up to 31 December 2010)

Figures-5, 6, 7 & 8 give the information about complaints and complaints resolution up to 31 December 2010.

Figure 5: Summary of the complaints and complaints resolution up to 31 December 2010 (ADB Section).

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Figure -6 - Categorization of Public Complaints at the ADB Section

(up to 31 December 2010)

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Figure -7 - Categarization of Public Complaints at the South Section (up to 31 December 2010)

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6.5. Results of Non-conformances issued for Complaints, Actions, and Reponses of Contractor: The Contractor has compensated affected parties due to construction activities through a procedure of damage assessment. The Contractor, the Engineer and the Employer have entertained 3,710 public environmental claims regarding construction-related impact since the beginning of the construction activities. Out of the above cases, they have assessed 3,551 cases and paid compensation in 3,305 cases. The highest affected cases are identified with blasting activities. The Contractor, the Engineer and the Employer formed a joint committee to investigate the complaints. Obstruction Public Complaints Resolving and Monitoring (O&PRCM) meetings were held during this period. The minutes of the Obstructions and Public Complaints Monitoring Committee Meeting during the reporting period are given in Appendix G.

Figure-8-Damage Assessments & Payment

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Chapter 7 7.0. Conclusion Environmental impacts owing to construction activities of the STDP ADB Section were minimized according to the Description of Planned Mitigation Measures given in the EMP. A summary of the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted during the reporting period and further action to improve the mitigation measures are given in Table No. 36. Table: 36. Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures Adopted during Reporting Period. In general, the effectiveness of mitigation measures adopted by the Contractor during the reporting period is at a satisfactory level. Environmental

Concern Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures Further Action

1. Hydrology and drainage aspects

Heavy rainfall was experienced during September and November 2010. This led to several locations in the project area affected by flooding. However, floodwater caused no effect to public households.

Under emergencies, immediate actions such as provision of openings across pilot roads, where necessary, will be needed to prevent adverse impacts. Engineer, MC and Employer to monitor.

2. Surface Water Quality

According to the analytical results, EC, BOD, Chloride and COD levels are lower than to Baseline values. The Total Coliform and Faecal Coliform levels are higher than Baseline values. However, it cannot be concluded that these changes have happened as a result of the Highway construction activities.

Engineer, MC and Employer to monitor

3. Air Quality According to the results, SPM measurements comply with the National Standards for the four locations of Production Plants and SO2 and NO2 levels in ambient air approximately Asphalt Plant are within the permissible level of the National Standards. All heavy equipment and machinery have been regularly maintained to avoid smoke emissions. Speed limits have been rigorously enforced within ROW. Frequent wetting has controlled dust emission by vehicles on the pilot road.

Contractor should ensure that frequency of watering the pilot road is compatible with the prevailing weather conditions. Engineer to monitor.

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Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures Further Action

4. Noise/Ground Vibration

All the noise level measurements taken at the locations of soil compaction and Base compaction were within the permissible level of the National Standards.

However, 24 no. vibrations level measurements out of 43 no. were over the permitted levels (19 numbers out of 30 Base Compactions and 05 numbers out of 13 Soil Compactions). Noise measurements at the Boundary of the Concrete Batching Plant were within the permissible level of the National standards.

Contractor should take every action to control vibration due to compaction at locations where general public activities are very close until remaining minor compaction works will over. Engineer to monitor

5. Soil erosion/ Surface run off

Turfing activities on embankment slopes are 95% complete. When turfing activities are complete embankment erosion should stop. Construction of cut-off drains, toe drains and vertical drains has already been completed.

The Contractor should desilt drains and other measures adopted in a regular manner. Engineer to monitor.

6. Slope stability Surface water infiltration into the cut slopes has been minimized by providing cut-off drains. Turfing and Hydro-seeding have commenced on cut slopes to prevent instability. However, most of the applied Hydro-seeding has failed. Slight cut slope failures were evident at two locations Ch.23+100 LHS and 23+400 LHS.

The Contractor should review slope covering technique. Engineer and Employer to monitor.

7. Solid wastes management

During the reporting period there were no significant waste generation activities carried out. Waste management procedures and plant management procedures followed by the Contractor depend on the nature of the waste.

Engineer and Employer to monitor.

8.

Safety precautions for workers and public.

Contractor has taken action to prevent trespassing of unauthorized persons by erecting warning banners and issuing leaflets to make the public aware of the dangers in trespassing.

Contractor and Engineer to conduct joint field investigations.

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Effectiveness of Mitigation Measures Further Action

9.

Social Impacts

Claims/complaints of the people on construction nuisance/damages close to ROW have been reviewed and responded to by the Contractor. Objection and Public Complaints Resolving Monitoring Committee Meeting held to make recommendations for resolving public complaints. Affected parties due to construction are compensated and housing damage payments due to vibration and ABOP have been determined by comparison pre-crack and post-crack surveys. Damage payments are being made.

Engineer to monitor.

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Appendices

Contents A Project Organization /Contact Information

B Map Showing the Locations of Environmental Impact Mitigation Monitoring

C Noise level and SPM Monitoring Locations

D Reports of SPM Monitoring (Concrete Batching Plant & Asphalt Plant)

E Reports of SPM Monitoring (Aggregate Stocks at Ceased Aggregate Crushing Plant- A)

F Reports of SPM Monitoring (Aggregate Stocks at Ceased Aggregate Crushing Plant- B)

G Minutes of OPCRM and Environmental & Safety Issues Meeting

H Summary of Public Complaints and Action of Settlement (up to 31st December 2010)

I Status of Unsuitable Material Disposal Sites

J Plants Monitoring Programme Commenced During the Reporting Period

K Photographs

L Base Line Data for Surface Water Quality Measurements

M Analytical Report of the Surface Water Quality

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APPENDIX A

Project Organization /Contact Information

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Appendix B

Map Showing the Locations of Environmental Impact Mitigation Monitoring

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS MONITORING LOCATIONS - ADB SECTION

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APPENDIX C

Noise level monitoring location


SPM monitoring locations

Stocks of Aggregates at Crusher Plant A and, Crusher Plant B

Concrete Batching Plant Asphalt Plant

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Crusher Plant A and, Asphalt Plant

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Crusher Plant B

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APPENDIX D

Reports of SPM monitoring

Concrete Batching Plant and Asphalt Plant

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60

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62

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APPENDIX E


Aggregate Stocks at Ceased Aggregate Crushing Plant - A

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APPENDIX D

Results and Graphical Representation of Noise Monitoring Results

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APPENDIX F


Aggregate Stocks at Ceased Aggregate Crushing Plant - B

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Noise Level Measurements at the Boundary of Concrete Batching plant

Measured Location & Noise Level dB(A) Measured Date A B C D

February 2008 56 55 52 56 June 2008 53 53 48 50 February 2009 56 55 54 55 May 2009 58 53 52 53 August 2009 57 53 51 53 November 2009 56 53 51 53 February 2010 56 53 52 54 June 2010 54 54 51 53 October 2010 54 54 51 53

Noise Variation at the Boundary of Concrete Batching Plant

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APPENDIX G

Minutes of OPCRM and Environmental & Safety Issues Meeting

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APPENDIX H

Summary of Public Complaints (ADB & South Section)

Complaints received up to 31st December 2010

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Summary of Public Complaints and Action of Settlement (up to 31st December 2010) Re-structured Contract Commencing 01-01-2007 ADB Section CATEGORIES ISSUES

OCCURRED (2007- December 2010)

ACTION TAKEN (2007- December 2010)

UNDER INVESTIGATION

1 Nuisance related complaints 74 73 1

2 Severance of Access 104 102 2

3 Vibration and damage due to compaction 385 382 3

4 Vibration and damage due to Blasting 768 766 2

5

Heavy vehicle movement and incidentals 273 264 9

6 Damage to cultivation 326 323 3 7 Drainage 188 180 8 8 Land matters 22 20 2

Total 2140 2110 30 Re-structured Contract Commencing 01-01-2007 South Section CATEGORIES ISSUES

OCCURRED (2007- December 2010)

ACTION TAKEN (2007- December 2010)

UNDER INVESTIGATION

1 Nuisance related complaints 8 8 0

2 Severance of Access 12 12 0

3 Vibration and damage due to compaction 70 70 0

4 Vibration and damage due to Blasting 28 28 0

5

Heavy vehicle movement and incidentals 38 38 0

6 Damage to cultivation 75 75 0 7 Drainage 18 18 0 8 Land matters 0 0 0

Total 249 249 0

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Details on Complaints from July to December 2010

July August September October November December Total Complaints category North South North South North South North South North South North South

X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y Nuisance

related 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 01 02

Severance of access

1 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 06

Vibration & damage due to

compaction

3 20 0 0 4 2 0 0 7 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 17 41

Vibration & damage due to

blasting

5 11 0 0 3 3 0 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 13 23

Heavy vehicle movement &

incidents

0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 10 0 0 12 30

Damage to cultivation

3 7 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 1 0 3 2 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 6 13 0 0 20 28

Drainage 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 5 0 0 10 07 Land matters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00

Total 15 58 0 0 12 5 0 0 19 22 0 4 12 3 0 0 9 3 0 0 10 42 0 0 77 137

X- New cases received during the period y- Cases investigated/resolved this period

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APPENDIX I

Status of Unsuitable Material Disposal Sites - ADB Section and

Unsuitable Materials Disposal Sites - Galle Access and up to 30+800km

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Unsuitable Materials Disposal Sites (ADB Section) Extent No Chainage

(km) A R P Remarks

1 2+700 LHS 03 01 13 Completed 2 2+700 LHS 0 0 10.5 Completed 3 2+700 LHS 0 2 37 Completed

4 2+600 RHS 9 2 38 Completed - Leveling required

5 2+900 RHS 2 1 6.0 Not Started 6 3+500 LHS 1 3 0 Completed 7 3+550 LHS 1 0 0 Completed 8 3+700 LHS 1 0 0 Completed 9 3+800 LHS 0 2 7 Completed 10 3+800 LHS 1 0 0 Completed 11 7+500 LHS 0 1 32.84 Completed

12 12+500 LHS (borrow pit)

0.9473 ha

_ _ Completed

13 12+500 LHS (borrow pit) 12 01 2.81 Completed

14

16+000 RHS (borrow pit)

1 2 33.86 Completed

15 16+200 LHS 2 3 14 Completed

16 20+100 RHS 1.764Ha Completed

17 23+800 RHS 1 1 12.9 Completed

18 28+640 LHS (LRC) 6 1 27.48 Completed and handed over

to LRC.

19 28+640 LHS (LRC) 4 2 17.56 Completed and handed over

to LRC. 20 28+900 LHS 9 2 1 Completed 21 28+900 LHS 9 2 1 Completed

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Status of Unsuitable Material Disposal Sites - Galle Access and upto 30+800km

A - Completed B - Not Used C - Filling in progress Extent

No Chainage (km)/Location

A R P Remarks

1 Thalpe( Out side of ROW) 8 3 1 A 2 Thalpe( Out side of ROW) 6 2 14 A 3 Thalpe( Out side of ROW) - 2 15.125 B 4 Thalpe( Out side of ROW) - - 35.7 A 5 Thalpe( Out side of ROW) 5 0 19.35 A 6 Thalpe( Out side of ROW) 2 A

7 Unawatuna( Out side of ROW) 2.743 ha - - A

8 Navy Camp - Boossa Out side of ROW 3 1 13 A

9 Unawatuna ( Out side of ROW) 4 1 10 B

10 Thalpe ( Out side of ROW) 1 1 0 A

11 Thalpe ( Out side of ROW) 2 0 0 B

12 Thalpe ( Out side of ROW) - 3 30.8 A

13 Thalpe ( Out side of ROW) 1 2 27.02 A

14 Thalpe ( Out side of ROW) 1 2 10.54 A

15 Thalpe ( Out side of ROW) - 1 20 A

16 29+500 LHS - 2 25.7 A 17 29+500 RHS 0 3 22 A

18 30+600 - 3 2 A 19 30+600 LHS 1 - 12 A 20 30+600 LHS - 1 38.5 A 21 30+700 LHS 0 1 0 A 22 4+200 LHS (GA) 1 0 32.2 A

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APPENDIX J Plants Monitoring Programme Commenced During the Reporting Period

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Plants monitoring programme commenced during the relevant period by the Contractor:-

No Plant Inspected Date Observations Action taken to minimize the impact

01 Concrete Batching Plant at 14+700 RHS

06th July, 14th July, 21st July, 28th July, 04th August, 11th August, 18th August, 25th August, 8th September, 15th September, 23rd & 25th September, 20th & 27th October, 16th November, 1st & 8th December

No special observations

-

02 Asphalt Plant at 20+000 RHS

06th July, 14th July,, 21st July, 28th July, 04th August, 11th August, 18th August, 25th August, 8th September, 15th September, 20th & 27th October, 16th November, 1st & 8th December

No special observations

-

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APPENDIX K

Photographs

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Drainage Improvements and Soil Erosion Mitigation Measures Implemented

Drainage and Landscaping Works at Pinnaduwa Interchange Side drain construction at Ch.5+000 GPAR An opening was kept in the pilot road

to facilitate water flow at Ch.4+100 GPAR

A causeway & pipe culverts have been provided to release excess water stagnated in the paddy field- Ch.28+900 LHS

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Ch.24+160 RHS

Drainage Works Ch. 20+ LHS Ch. 4+000 RHS 24 Ch. 24+150 LHS

Soil Erosion Mitigation Measures at Ch.24+160 RHS

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Slope Protection Measures:- Soil Nailing Technique applied at Ch.20+900 LHS

Retaining Wall Construction at Ch. 4+300 RHS

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Outstanding Environmental Issues:-

Slope Failures-

Open Earth at Cut Slopes- Hydro-seeding Failures-

Ch.2+000~ 2+200 RHS (Tendency to erode)

Minor Scale Slope Slipped at Ch.18+900 LHS

Slope Slipped at Ch.23+100 LHS

Ch.7+700 RHS

Ch.26+000 LHS

Ch.17+892 RHS

Soil Stocks close to Water-Bodies

Ch. 19+900 RHS

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APPENDIX L Baseline Data for Surface Water Quality Measurements

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Baseline Data for Surface Water Quality Measurements

Water Quality Analysis CH 14+000 CH 19+900 CH 29+600 Parameter August 2001 August 2001 August 2001 PH 7 7 7EC mS/cm 60.1 238 104Turbidity (NTU) Temperature C 30.3 33 31DO mg/l 8.0 4.0 7.5BOD mg/l 5 40 20TSS mg/l 04 06 03Chloride mg/l 13.47 55.3 30.49Sulphate mg/l 0.02Phosphate mg/l 0.02COD mg/l 24 76 36Nitrate mg/l 0.4 0.24 0.39Total Iron mg/l 0.53 0.93 1.75Total Coliform 100/MPN 9 240 14Faecal Coliform 100/MPN

304

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APPENDIX M

Analytical Report of Surface Water Quality

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