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Unit 1: Introduction
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How to use the E-R-A Approach
Examine the question
Recall what you know
Apply what you know
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EXAMINE THE QUESTION
Carefully read thequestions
Be sure you understandany information thequestion is asking
for
Make sure youunderstand the question
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RECALL WHAT YOUKNOW
Identify the topic
Take a moment to thinkabout it
Mentally reviewconcepts, facts andrelationships
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APPLY WHAT YOUKNOW
Take what you recallabout the topic andapply it to the
question
Try and answer thequestion before lookingat the answer
choices
Review all choices andselect the bestanswer
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CAUSE AND EFFECTQUESTIONS
A cause is what madesomething happen
An effect is whathappens because ofsomething
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LETS TRY AN EXAMPLE
Use the E-R-A approach
This is a cause andeffect question
1) Which has been an effect ofthe global spread of
American popular culture?a) The introduction of
monarchial governments
b) The spread of English as aninternational secondlanguage
c) The resolution of religiousdifferences
d) The spread of free publiceducation
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COMPARE AND CONTRASTQUESTIONS
Questions comparing howthings are similar or different
1. In which way are Christianityand Islam similar?a) They
proclaim a belief in one
god
b) They believe that followersshould visit Mecca
c) They promise salvation tothose who worship Jesus
d) They consider the Quran(Koran) as their holy book
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TABLES
Look at the title Examine the categories
Draw conclusions from the data
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BAR GRAPHS Look at the title
Examine the Bars or Legend
Look at the Vertical and Horizontal Axes
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LINE GRAPHS
Look at the title
Look at the Legend
Look at the Vertical andHorizontal Axes
Check for Trends
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CIRCLE GRAPHS
Look at the title
Examine the legend
Look at the Slices
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STEPS TO UNDERSTANDING APHOTOGRAPH
Look at the Title orCaption
Consider thebackground
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DIAGRAMS
Look at the title
Examine the legend
Study the Diagram
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PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES
Original records about aplace or event
Examples: Declaration of
Independence
Later writings orinterpretations of
Primary Sources
Examples Book examining the
fundamentals of the
Declaration ofIndependence
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PRIMARY ANDSECONDARY SOURCES
As far as the EOC isconcerned, there may be
brief reading sectionsfrom primary orsecondary sources
You will need to read,
and understand thepassage beforeanswering the question
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PARTS OF A MAP
Locate all of these itemsfirst and analyze the
map Title
Legend (key)
Compass Rose
Scale
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TYPES OF MAPS
Political
Physical
Thematic Historical
Population Density
Resource or Product Maps
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PHYSICAL MAP
Shows major physicalfeatures such as Rivers
Mountains
Elevation
lakes
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POLITICAL MAPS
Show major boundariesof countries or states
Often very colorful, yetvery defined
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THEMATIC MAPS
Everything else falls under this category
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LONGITUDE ANDLATITUDE
Longitude Runs parallel to the Prime
Meridian 1-180 degrees
E or W
Latitude
Runs parallel to theEquator
1-90 degrees
N or S
