Epekto ng Robotiks sa mga Estudyante (Pamanahong Papel)

7/21/2019 Epekto ng Robotiks sa mga Estudyante (Pamanahong Papel)

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3

ETEMVK GAXKHKVNMZ

ZC IAC

EZVUF^CGVE

)Bnihkk` T' Jkik

) B~gk J`xnzvncg Cgfxen J' Hcucg

)A`nk Bezz Bk`g Texer



8

MCHCGCVC 3

CGA ZUONXCGNG CV MCONANXCG GNVK

Zc mchcgcvcga nvk/ hngna~cga ongcq ga iac icgcgconmznm cga iac

nfe~c cv mccocicg umko zc tcgcgconmznm gcn zngczcacqc' Gcvcocmc~ fng

cga iac oc~ugng cv mc`cocacg ga tca)ccxco gc nvk' Icanga cga zcmocq/

oninvcz~kg cv fetngnz~kg ga nocga iac fn)mnococga vexikgkon`~c c~

gcvcocmc~ fng zc mchcgcvcga nvk'

N' Ngvxkfumz~kg

― N heone|e v`cv cv vè egf kl vè jegvux~ vè uze kl qkxfz cgf vè

aegexco efujcvef ktngnkg qnoo `c|e covexef zk iuj` v`cv kge qnoo he choe vk

ztecm kl icj`ngez v`ngmnga qnv`kuv eptejvnga vk he jkgvxcfnjvef'“

)Cocg Icv`nzkg Vuxnga/ 3>:1

Zc zngchnga nvk gn Vuxnga/ gcnznt gn~c cga tcamcmcxkkg ga

icmchcakga tcxccg ga tciuiu`c~ zc vuokga ga iac icmngcx~c' Muga

ac~kg/ icccxn gacga icafuokv ga icacacgfcga etemvk cga

tcamcmcxkkg ga iac xkhkv' Zuhconv iccxn xng gcinga ica fuokv nvk ga fn)

mcc~c)c~cga etemvk zc cvnga ontugcg'

Icxcinga icccxnga ntcmcùouacg zc zconvcga xkhkvnmz' Nvk c~

gcamcmcnhc)nhc c~kg zc texzetz~kg ga iac vck' Cga xkhkvnmz k xkhkvnmc

c~ cga mcvcqcacg zc vemgkok`n~c ga tcaacqc/ tcaacinv cv

tcatctccgfcx ga iac vcu)vcu`cg/ vcuihcmco k vcu)vcu`cga hcmco gc

mnococ hnocga iac xkhkv'

Tcxc zc mchcvccg/ cga xkhkv c~ nzc ocicga hc`can ga tcochcz zc

veoehnz~kg k znge`cg' Zuhconv/ zc mcgnocga tcaocmn/ gctctcavcgvk gnocga

cga iac xkhkvz c~ hc`can ga cvnga mczc~zc~cg' Muga cvnga znznznontng cga

cvnga mczc~zc~cg/ gcnihegvk cga iac xkhkvz nocga vckg gc cga

gcmcxccg' C~kg zc icguguocv gc zn ‟@kiex’/ cga tcamcmcxkkg ga iac

icmngcga angcqc gn @et`cnzvuz c~ icn`c`congvuocf zc iac akoei ga iac

http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknolohiya




:

zngcugcga gngugk ga iac @uf~k cv zc iac xkhkv gc acqc zc joc~ gc

hngu`c~ ga nzcga icqnmcga zconvc c~kg zc cocicv'

Ouhuzcga gcvumoczcg ga iac vck cga xkhkv gkkga mcocanvgccg ga

nmcqcouitkga znaok zc tcicicanvcg ga iac Zjn)Ln Ik|nez ac~c ga

‟Zvcxqcxz’ muga zccg gcmnococ cga iac xkhkv gc zngc J:)TK cv X8)F8 zc

tcavuokga zc iac vck'

Cga nzc zc iac tcahchcakga ugvn)ugvnga gcacacqc ga iac xkhkv

c~ cga tcamcmcxkkg gnoc ga cxvntnz~co gc mccocicg' Zc gac~kg ouicocqcm

gc cga mccocicg ga iac xkhkv ocok zc iac ngfuzvxn~c' Cga iac icmngc

gac~kg c~ ic~ mcmc~c`cg ga auicqc ga iac tocgk hcze zc mcgnocga

gctca)cxcocg' Zc vuokga ga iac ngveoeègvega mkit~uvex cga iac xkhkv

c~ gcacacinv gc xng zc tcavumocz ga iac hcac~ gc `ngfn tc gcchkv ga

zcgamcvcu`cg ac~c ga mcocqcmcg cv nhc tcga tocgevc' Angcacinv cga

iac xkhkv zc tcavn~cm ga `cgc~ ga iac tocgve zc cvnga zkocx z~zvei/ zc

tca)fevejv ga iac hca~k cv monic cv icxcin tcga nhc'

Nzc zc tngcmcicocmnga gcnvuokga ga xkhkvnmz c~ cga

tcafefeheokt ga znzveicga ic~mxkeoemvxkgnmco/ gc cga zumcv c~ iuoc

zegvniegvxk `cgaacga inonievxk' Cga iac icononnv gc xkhkv gc nvk c~ ic~

icocmnga vuokga ocok gc zc ocxcgacg ga iefnzngc' Angcacinv gc gac~kgcga iac xkhkv zc mkitonmcfkga tcxccg ga tcgaacacikv ac~c ga

ktexcz~kg cv vèxctnez'

Zc mczcoumu~cg/ ic~ iac xkhkv gc angcacinv tcxc zc nmcfcfcon ga

nhc„v nhcga txkzezk ga ngfuzvxn~c' Muga ac~kg/ ngcczc`cg gc zc tca)ugocf

ga ontugcg c~ mccongzchc~ fng ga tca)ugocf ga iac xkhkv/ `ngfn hnocga

ngzvxuiegv ga tcaacqc mugfn hnocga ugnhexzco gc hc`can ga ontugcg'

Oc~ugng ga iac vckga ouinonm`c ga xkhkv gc ac~c`ng cga fnzeg~k

ga hxczk ga iac vck/ gaugnv ic~xkkg fng nocga tcamcmcnhc' Cga iac

hxczk ga xkhkv c~ tqefe xnga acqng muga zccg nvk c~ ic~ mcmc~c`cga

ica)hegf vuocf ga mcvcqcg ga nzcga eoetcgve' Cga iac tcg`cqcm c~

angcqc utcga icac~c cga tcteo cv `nvzuxc ga iac mcic~ ga nzcga vck'



6

Zcicgcvcoga hngan~cga)mcmc~c`cg xng nvkga ica)nznt gc tcxca iac

gkxico gc vck utcga icamcxkkg ga xe~confcf cga tcamcmchuk zc mcgnoc'

Cga xkhkv gc gnonm`c utcga ictcacocq zc nzcga mctconanxcg c~

gcgacgacnocgacg ga zegzkx/ vuocf ga uovxczkgnj zegzkxz/ utcga icnqczcg

cga iac `cfocga k txkhoeic zc tcamcmconm`c xnvk' Ac~c ga iac xkhkv/

vuocf ga Gcvnkgco Cexkgcuvnjz cgf Ztcje Cfingnzvxcvnkg (GCZC. tocgevcx~

Xk|exz/ c~ gcgacgacnocgacg ga zegzkxz cv icmconfcf gc mkit~uvex

utcga ictxkzezk nhc„v nhc cv `cok)`cokga nitkxicz~kg utcga

ictcacocq nvk' Vkvkk xnga fnzeg~k cga iac xkhkv gc ic~ acqcnga

mczcic cga iac vck/ vuocf ga iac xkhkv gc vuiuvuokga zc iac vckga

ic~ mctcgzcgcg cv iac xkhkv gc znocga gcafcfcoc ga iac tcamcng ga

iac tcz~egve zc iac kztnvco'

Cga mkgzetvk ga cuvkicvnmkga icmngc c~ gcazniuoc gkkga

icvcaco gc tcgc`kg mczcic ga iac tcgngnqcoc vugamko zc iemcgnmkga

gnocococga gc icccxnga icamcxkkg ga hu`c~' Cga tcxcga vckga icmngc

gc vngcvcqca gc xkhkv c~ icmnmnvc xng zc iac kxczcg ga iac znihc`cg

gkkga iefne|co texnkf / gkkga nmc)30 znaok'

‟Leefhcjm Jkgvxko Iej`cgnzi’ cga angcinv zc iac zngcugcga

xkhkv cv angcacinv tc xng nvk zc ictczc`cgaacga g~ac~kg' Nzcga

`conihcqc gnvk c~ cga icmngcga angcacinv zc zcmc`cg cv tcatctcvuhna'

Leefhcjm jkgvxko/ cga tcactctugocf zc iac eztez~co gc

mcacinvcg cv cga tca`c`cvn)`cvn ga acqcng gc icccxnga nzcacacqc ga

icgaacacqc k icmngcx~c/ c~ ic`c`cocacga zcgamct zc kvkicz~kg ga

iac tchxnmc gkkga nmc)30 znaok' @chcga uiuugocf cga vemgkok`n~c/ cga

iac eztez~coc~z gc icmngc c~ gcnnihegvk tcxc zc iac acqcng vuocf ga

tcaococac~ ga ia vcgzc zc iac hkve k mc~c tcahuhun`kz ga iac onsunf

qxcttex zc ùoic`cg ga auokga'

Zc mczcoumu~cg/ icocmn cga tcxve ga iac xkhkvz `ngfn ocicga zc

ngfuzvxn~c cv nitxczvxcmz~kg icanga zc iac tccxcocg/ iac icooz k

auzconga tcitcz~cocg cv zc nhc„v)nhcga txktez~kg'



5

NN' Oc~ugng ga Tca)ccxco

Cga tcicgc`kga)tcteo gc nvk c~ gcaococ~kga icocicg cga

etemvk ga xkhkvnmz zc iac ezvuf~cgve cv tcxc iczuxn cga iac cfhegvcè

cv fnz)cfhegvcè gnvk zc mcgnocga tca)ccxco' Oc~ugng fng gnvk gc iczcakvcga iac zuiuzugkf gc vcgkga2

c. Cgu)cgk cga mc`cocac`cg ga xkhkvnmz zc iac ezvuf~cgve;

h. Cgu)cgk cga iac hegetnz~kga icnfufuokv ga xkhkvnmz zc iac

ezvuf~cgve;

j. Cgk cga texzetz~kg ga iac ezvuf~cgve umko zc xkhkvnmz;

NNN' Mc`cocac`cg ga Tca)ccxco

Cga mc`cocac`cg ga tca)ccxco gc nvk c~ icahnac~ ga

nitkxicz~kg cv mccocicg vugamko zc xkhkvnmz/ iac nitkxicz~kga

gcazczchn muga cgk cga iac etemvk ga xkhkvnmz zc iac ezvuf~cgve'

Cga tca)ccxco gc nvk c~ icmcvuvuokga zc iac ica)ccxco zctcamcv

ichnhna~cga)ongcq gnvk cga vugc~ gc hegetnz~k zc xkhkvnmz cv icanga cga

iac cfhegvcè cv fnz)cfhegvcè gnvk'

Icmcvuvuokga xng nvk zc iac icauocga tcxc ichna~cga tcgzng gnoc

cga mcgnocga iac cgcm umko zc etemvk ga xkhkvnmz tcxc zc mcgnocga tca)

ccxco'

N\' Zcmocq cv Oninvcz~kg

Cga tcgcgconmznm gc nvk c~ gconinvc zc tca)ccxco ga vugc~ gc

mcùouacg ga xkhkvnmz' Ac~ugfng zc tca)zuzuxn ga mc`cocac`cg ga

xkhkvnmz/ tcvn gc fng zc tcavumk~ ga etemvk gnvk zc iac ezvuf~cgve'

Vuicvcocmc~ fng nvk zc texzetz~kg ga iac ezvuf~cgve umko fnvk'

Gconinvn`cg cga tca)ccxco gc nvk zc iac ezvuf~cgvega gczc ugcga

vckg cv muiumu`c ga muxzkga Ng`ng~exk zc Ugn|exzvnv~ kl Hcvcgacz

zctcamcv znoc c~ gczc efcf ochnga)tnvk `cgaacga fcocqcitu gc

mcxcgnqcga gcmcmcxcgcz ga mux~kznfcf `ngaano zc tcaocacgct ga



<

xkhkvnmz' Gconinvc`cg fng nvk zc Cgnigctuga (<4. ezvuf~cgve gc iac

vngcgkga zc zcxhe~ utcga icntconqcgca ga ichuvn ga icgcgconmznm cga

vugc~ gcoc~ugng ga tca)ccxco gc nvk'

\' Fetngnz~kg ga iac Vexingkok`n~c

3' Xkhkvnmz ‚ c~ cga mcvcqcacg zc vemgkok`n~c ga tcaacqc/

tcaacinv cv tcatctccgfcx ga iac vcu)vcu`cg/ vcuihcmco/

vckgahcmco/ k vcu)vcu`cga hcmco gc mnococ hnocga iac xkhkv'

8' Xkhkv ‚ Cga xkhkv c~ nzcga icvex~co gc hcac~ gc angcqcga

iac vck tcxc ictcfcon cga mcgnocga tcga)cxcq)cxcq gc

acqcng'

:' Texzetz~kg ) icoc~ k mcicoc~cg= nzcga mcvcgancg ga mcnzntcg'

Gcgacgacùouacg nvkga tcananga anznga/ conzvk/ cv vuiuvuakg zc

mctconanxcg'

6' Zcxhe~ ‚ nvk c~ nzcga tcxccg ga tcgakgakoemvc ga iac fcvkz

`ngaano zc nzcga nztnzntnm gc tca)ccxco

5' Fezmxnhvnh)cgconvnm ) nvk c~ uxn ga tcgcgconmznm gc muga zccg

cga nzcga icgcgconmznm c~ auicacinv ga iac zux|e~

suezvnkggcnxe

<' Xkhkvnjz Ngfuzvxnez Czzkjncvnkg (XNC. ‚ nzcga zcic`cg ga

ngfuzvxn~c gc gcahnhnac~ ga zexhnz~k zc icicic~cg zc vuokgaga tcatxktxkf~uz ga iac icmchcakga icmngcx~c zc vuokga ga

cxvntnz~co gc xkhkvz'





1

MCHCGCVC NN

IAC MCUAGC^ GC TCA)CCXCO CV ONVEXCVUXC

Zc mchcgcvcga nvk/ gcvcocmc~ ga iac icgcgconmznm cga nocga iac

tca)ccxco cv onvexcvuxc gc iccxnga nuagc~ zc tcgcgconmznm gc nvk' Ngnoc`cf

fng fnvk cga nocg zc iac mcuagc~ gc fcvkz gc iccxnga icahnac~ ongcq zc

iac zuonxcgnga ngnoc`cf'

N' Onvexcvuxc

c. Okmco

C~kg mc~ Xeangc Oc~ua)Xkzexk ( 8438./ lkx tngk~ zvufegvz/

xkhkvnjm nz gkv buzv lkx gexf' ^kux iegvco nicae kl c xkhkv nz txkhcho~ c

zveeo kx couingui fe|nje kg qèeoz kx vxecfz/ qnv` ona`vz cgf heetz aknga

kg èxe cgf vèxe/ qnv` iej`cgnjco cxiz cgf oczexz jczvnga chkuv ‖

zkieq`cv onme Zvcx Qcxz lcg lc|kxnve/ czvxkiej` fxknf X8)F8' C~kg zc

mcg~c/ `ngfn ocga tcxc zc iac icvcvcongk cga mczgamctcg ga xkhkvnmz k

zc ngfuzvxn~conzcfkga hcgzc ocicga/ zctcamcv cga nzcga icgaicga k

nzcga ic`nxct gc hcgzc c~ ic~ mcxctcvcga icamcxkkg ga mccocicg umko

zc xkhkvnmz'

C~kg zc Leovc't` (8434./ vè Lnontngk zvufegvz z`kuof qkxm qnv`

zexnez kl jxkzz)juxxnjuocx/ vèie)hczef cjvn|nvnez cgf fe|eokt zmnooz qnv`ng

zjnegje/ vej`gkoka~/ egangeexnga/ icvèicvnjz/ cz qeoo cz ocgaucae' Gcnz

nttchcvnf ga zcic`cg ga Leovc gc `ngfn ocicga hcznj gc mccocicg cga

gcxcxctcv gc nvuxk zc iac ezvuf~cgv/ zctcamcv gcxcxctcv ocicga icanga

humcz cga iac ezvuf~cgv zc icmc)tegkiegco gc tcga~c~cxn zc cvnga

ontugcg' Zc vuokga ga zn~egz~c cv vemgkok`n~c/ icfconga icvuvugcg ga

nzcga ica)ccxco cga nzcga cztevkga gngcgcnz g~cg icocicg'

h. Fc~u`cg

C~kg zc bk`gz)jkitcg~'jki (8433./ ‟Xkhkvnjz nz vè uze kl

eoejvxnjco jkitkgegvz vk ik|e iej`cgnjco jkitkgegvz' Vè me~



0

jkitkgegvz kl xkhkvz cxe vènx chnonv~ vk texlkxi xetevnvn|e vczmz ng c

txejnze icggex'’ Cga iac xkhkv c~ iac icmngcx~cga hnguk `ngfn ocicga

tcxc zc zcxnon gcvnga tcgacgacnocgacg mugfn tcxc zc mcgnocga gcvcvcganga

chnonfcf gc icazcacqc ga iac acqcnga zc tcxccga vn~cm' @conihcqc/

cga nocga xkhkv c~ gcmcfnzeg~k tcxc zc qeofnga ga hc`can ga mkvze' Cga

nocga c~ gcmcfnzeg~k tcxc zc tca)nngveaxe~v ga mconfcf gc tca)ccxco/ ac~c

ga ngvexcjvn|e oecxgnga cv xkhkvnj ktvninref oecxgnga'

Zc mchnocga hcgfc gcicg/ c~kg zc buzvlkxmcv̀ 'hokaztkv'jki

(844>./ cga tcaococxk ga ‟jkituvex aciez’ c~ ic~ iczcicga etemvk zc

iac ezvuf~cgve ga 3)OCI ga Mkoe`n~k ga Mkiexz~k zc Ugnhexznfcf ga

Zcgvk Vkicz' Muga ac~kg/ iczczchnga cga iac jkituvex aciez gc

txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz c~ icmtcafufuokv fng ga iczczcicga etemvk zc

iac ezvuf~cgve'

C~kg mc~ Tecxo Vezoex (844>./ ‟vèxe„z gk txejnze felngnvnkg kl c

xkhkv/ huv h~ aegexco caxeeiegv c xkhkv nz c txkaxciichoe icj`nge v`cv

ninvcvez vè cjvnkgz kx cttecxcgje kl cg ngveoonaegv jxecvuxe ‚uzucoo~ c

ùicg ’' Cga iac xkhkv c~ ngnocxcqcg fng hnocga icmngcga ic~

mcmc~c`cga muicoct ga nitkxicz~kg iuoc zc mcg~cga mctconanxcg cv

auicqc ga iac tnznmco gc acqcng' Icxcinga `conihcqc ga xkhkv cga

gcmcmcvuokga ga ouhkz zc ngfuzvxn~c/ ac~c ga Xkhua NNN/ Zvcglkxf Jcxv/

Fcgve NN/ @kgfc @uicgknf Xkhkv/ cv icanga cga iac mkit~uvex'

Cga xkhkvnmz c~ cga tca)ccxco cv tcaacinv ga iac xkhkvz' Ugc

nvkga angcinv ga Xuzzncg)hkxg Ciexnjcg zjnegvnzv gc zn Nzccj Cznik|'

C~kg zc mcg~c (8440./ cga xkhkvnmz c~ cga ‟hxcgj` kl egangeexnga v`cv

ng|ko|ez vè jkgjetvnkg/ feznag/ icgulcjvuxe/ cgf ktexcvnkg kl xkhkvz '

V`nz lneof k|exoctz qnv` eoejvxkgnjz/ jkituvex zjnegje/ cxvnlnjnco

ngveoonaegje/ iej`cvxkgnjz/ gcgkvej`gkoka~/ cgf hnk)egangeexnga '’ Muga

ac~kg/ nvk c~ nzcga cmcfeinmkga tca)ccxco ga iac eoemvxkgnmk/ iac

mkit~uvex xeoe~vef gc vexingk/ iej`cvxkgnjz/ iac icmngc cv nhc tc gc

xeocvef zc xkhkv'

http://justforkath.blogspot.com/

http://justforkath.blogspot.com/



>

Hngna~cga)fnng fng gn T' C' Bcgcmnxcicg (8440. cga

tcatctcmcùouacg zc xkhkvnmz' Cga xkhkv c~ nzcga cfhcgz gc vemgkok`n~c

gc zcgamkv cga xetxkaxciichoe iuovn)lugjvnkgco icgntuocvkx gc fngnzeg~k

utcga icatcacocq ga iac hcac~/ icvex~coez/ hc`can/ mcacinvcg k

cguicga ztejnconref fe|njez zc tcxccga gcmcfnzeg~k tcxc zc mcgnocga

nztezntnm gc vczm' Gkkg tc icg/ cga iac xkhkv c~ gcacacinv gc utcga

nocxcqcg cga iac epvxcvexxezvxnco gc hcac~/ zniuoc tc ga zngcugcga

tcgc`kg ga iac Axn~eak'

Zc mchnocga hcgfc/ c~kg zc tca)ccxco gn Iex|ng B' Qna`vnga (844<./

‟vè uze kl jkituvexz ic~ cff vk zvufegvz„ ikvn|cvnkg cgf egbk~iegv kl

qkxmnga qnv`ng c jkiiugnv~ kl oecxgexz '’ Muga ac~kg/ gcmcvuvuokga zc

iac mchcvccg cga tcamcmcxkkg ga mkit~uvex gc txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz/

nvk„~ gcatctcvugc~ xng gc ic~ ichuvnga hegetnz~k zc xkhkvnmz' Zcga)

c~kg fng zc mcg~cga tca)ccxco/ cga iac ezvuf~cgve c~ tchkx zc

vngcvcqca gc eoeiegv kl oecxgex jkgvxko/ cv nvk c~ icvcvcik zc

tcicicanvcg ga tcaacinv ga vemgkok`n~c'

C~kg zc Xkhkv Ngfuzvxnez Czzkjncvnkg (XNC. (8446./ cga xkhkv c~

nzcga xetxkaciichoe iuovn lugjvnkgco icgntuocvk x gc angcqc tcxc

nzcc~kz cga iac mcacinvcg zc tcicicanvcg ga iac tcahchcak)hcak ga

iac acocq cv tcxccg gc gcmctxkaxcic fnvvk tcxc zc tcaacqc ga iac

nhcv)nhcga uxn ga acqcng' Tcxc zc iac mcxcgnqcga vck/ cga fetngnz~kga

nvk ga XNC c~ gcgacgacùouacg cga xkhkv c~ nzcga icmngcga fngnzeg~k zc

tcaacqc ga nzcga tcxvnmuocx gc vxchc`k'

Zcga)c~kg zc tcgcgconmznm gn B' Ano)Lokxez (844:./ ‟vè uze kl vè

jkituvex cv zj`kko qkuof ngjxecze jkituvex txklnjnegj~/ huv nv nz gkv

czzkjncvef qnv` `naèx cjcfeinj texlkxicgje' Zvufegvz q`k uze vè

jkituvex qnv` vè ikzv lxesuegj~ cxe vè kgez q`k khvcng vè `naèzv

oe|eoz kl icv` cgf ongaunzvnj jkiiugnjcvnkg ’' Zcicmcvqnf/ icafufuokv ga

ichuvnga hegetnz~k cga xkhkvnmz zc iac ezvuf~cgve' Gcmcmcvuokga nvk zc

tcxccga `ngn`nmc~cv gnvk cga iac ezvuf~cgve zc nzcga icmchcak cv

mconfcf gc txkzezk ga tcamcvuvk'



34

NN' Tca)ccxco

c. Okmco

C~kg mc~ Txngjezz Ocinoc ev' co' (8441./ icxcin cga gcgngnqcoc gc

cga vemgkok`n~c c~ ic~ etemvk zc cvnga ontugcg / texk icxcin xng cga

tchkx zc tca)ugocf ga vemgkok`n~c fc`no nvk c~ gcahnhnac~ ga icacgfcga

fuokv zc tciuiu`c~ ga iac Tnontngk' Muga ac~kg/ iczczchn gac gc cga

xkhkvnmz gc txkfumvk ga vemgkok`n~c c~ icafufuokv ga ichuvn cv

iczcicga etemvk zc iac ezvuf~cgve icanga zc hukga ontugcg'

C~kg gcicg mc~ Bkze Tcuok Ounan Hcgrkg/ ev co' (8440./ cga Zkjnco

Gevqkxmnga c~ ic~ `nanv gc ichuvnga gcnfuokv zc iac ica)ccxco'

Gctctcocqcm gnvk cga mccocicg ga iac ica)ccxco/ gctcavnvnhc~ cgaxeocz~kg zc iac icamcmcnhnacg/ gcmc`c`cgct ga hcakga iac mcnhnacg/

gctcahuhuvn cga hu`c~ zkz~co ga hcqcv vck/ gcavcvcatk uonv cga iac

fcvnga iac mcnhnacg gc icvcaco ga qcocga mkiugnmcz~kg zc nzc„v)nzc cv

`nanv zc oc`cv/ gcntctc`c~ca cga zcxnonga nfec cv tcgcgcq zc hu`c~ zc

hukga iugfk'

h. Fc~u`cg

C~kg mc~/ Fx' Nx' Fnxm Oelehex (8446)8445./ vè feznag kl

cuvkgkikuz ikhnoe xkhkvz jctchoe kl ngveoonaegv ikvnkg cgf cjvnkg qnv`kuv

xesunxnga envèx c aunfe vk lkookq kx c veoektexcvkx jkgvxko ng|ko|ez

vèngveaxcvnkg kl icg~ fnllexegv hkfnez kl mgkqoefae' Muga ac~kg/

iczczchn gacga gcgacgacnocgacg ga iczuznga txkzezk cga tcaonm`c ga

nzcga xkhkv' Mngcmcnocgacga ic~ gcocochnga mccocicg cga nzcga vck zc

nhc„v)nhcga ocxcgacg utcga icmconm`c ga nzcga xkhkv gc

icmctcazczcacqc ga nzcga hcac~ mc`nv qcocga gca)uuvkz xnvk'



33

MCHCGCVC NNN

FNZEG^K CV TCXCCG GA TCGCGCONMZNM

Zc mchcgcvcga nvk/ gcvcocmc~ muga tccgk nzngcacqc ga iacicgcgconmznm cga tca)ccxco gc nvk cv muga cgkga fnzeg~k cga angcinv

tcxc icnzcacqc nvk' Gcvcocmc~ xng fnvk cga iac xeztkgfegve cv icanga

cga iac ngzvxuiegvk cv vxnviegv ga fcvkz tcxc zc tcgcgconmznm gc nvk c~

gcvcocmc~ fng zc mchcgcvcga nvk'

N' Fnzeg~k ga Tcgcgconmznm

Cga tca)ccxco gc nvk c~ nzngcacqc c~kg zc fnzeg~kga

tcicicxccga fezmxntvnh)cgconvnm gc tcgcgconmznm' Vngcgamcga nocxcqcg cv

zuxnng cga iac tcgcgcq cv mccocicg ga iac xeztkgfegve umko zc etemvk

ga xkhkvnmz zc iac ezvuf~cgve'

NN' Xeztkgfegve

Ingchuvn ga iac icgcgconmznm gc nzcacqc cga mcgnocga zcxhe~ zc

iac ezvuf~cgve gc gczc ugcga vckg cv muiumu`c ga muxzkga Ng`ng~exk

zc Ugn|exznv~ kl Hcvcgacz' Nvk„~ fc`no cga iac gctnonga xeztkgfegve c~

ic~ mcvcivcicga mccocicg umko zc uzctng'

Zc mchuucg/ cgnigctuga (<4. ezvuf~cgve cga gcatcugocm zc

nihnvcz~kga nvk' Xcgfki cga tcamu`c zc iac xeztkgfegve gc gcaiuoc

zc nhc„v ‚ nhcga zemz~kg ga ugcga vckg ga Ng`ng~exk'

NNN' Ngzvxuiegvk ga Tcgcgconmznm

Cga tca)ccxco gc nvk c~ nzngcacqc zc tcicicanvcg ga iac tugkga

nitkxicz~kg iuoc zc iac zcxhe~' Ingchuvn ga iac icgcgconmznm gc

icmcmcoct ga iac nitkxicz~kg cv iac mccocicg iuoc zc iac

xeztkgfegve zc tcicicanvcg ga iac mqezv~kge~xz gc hc`can ga

nzngcacqcga zcxhe~'



38

Nzngcacqc fng nvk zc tcicicanvcg ga tcgacgacoct ga iac

nitkxicz~kg zc nhc!v)nhcga iac `cgaucg zc cmocvcg mcvuocf ga cmocv/

f~kxgco cv cxvnmuok' Muiu`cxng cga iac icgcgconmznm ga nocga

nitkxicz~kg zc ngvexgev'

N\' Vxnviegv ga iac Fcvkz

Oc`cv ga fcvkz c~ acoonga zc iac xeztkgfegve/ zc iac `cgaucg zc

cmocvcg cv zc Ngvexgev' Fnvk ocicga nhngcvc~ ga iac icgcgconmznm cga iac

nfe~c cv mcnzntcg gc ngnoc`cf zc tca)ccxco gc nvk' Zcicmcvuqnf/ tcavc)vcoo~

cv tcamu`c ga tkxz~egvk ocga cga ngctoc~ gc vxnviegv zc iac gcmcoct

gcfcvkz'



3:

:4 ) 54%:4 ) 54%Ococmn

Hchce

MCHCGCVC N\

TXEZEGVCZ^KG CV NGVEXTXEVCZ^KG GA IAC FCVKZ

Zc mchcgcvcga nvk/ ngnococ`cf cga iac fcvkz gc gcmcoct ga iac

icgcgconmznm acinv cga vemzvqco cv axctnm gc xetxezegvcz~kg' Zc vemzvk/

vngcocmc~ ga iac icgcgconmznm cga mcgnocga tca)zuzuxn k cgconznz zc iac fcvkz

gc ngnoc`cf'

Axct Hnocga 3

Mczcxncg ga iac Xeztkgfegve

Ntngctcmnvc ga axct gc nvk cga mczcxncg ga iac xeztkgfegve' Icmnmnvcga

cga onicituga tkxz~egvk (54%. ga iac xeztkgfegve c~ hchce cv cgaonicituga tkxz~egvk gcicg (54%. c~ ococmn' Cga mchuucga hnocga ga iac

xeztkgfegve c~ cgnigctu (<4.' Zcicmcvuqnf/ cga iac hnocga ga iac hchcega

xeztkgfegve c~ vcvouitu (:4. cv cga hnocga ga iac ococmnga xeztkgfegve gcicg

c~ vcvouitu (:4.' Tngcgcvnonga xcgfki cga tcatnon ga iac xeztkgfegve utcga



36

4

5

34

35

84

85

:4

5(Ouhkz gc

Zuiczcga)c~kg.

6(Zuiczcga)

c~kg.

:(Mcvcivcicg.

8(@ngfn

Zuiczcga)c~kg.

3(Ouhkz gc @ngfnZuiczcga)c~kg.

H n o c g a g a i a c E z v u

f ~ c g v e

Cgvcz ga Mccocicg ga iac Xeztkgfegve

Ic~ Zctcv cmkga Mccocicg zc Xkhkvnmz

icmcmcoct ga nhc)nhcga nitkxicz~kg iuoc zc nhc„v)nhcga tcgcgcq ga

xeztkgfegve'

Axct Hnocga 8

Hnocga ga iac Xeztkfegve c~kg zc Cgvcz ga Mcgnocga Mccocicg umko zc

Xkhkvnmz

Ntngctcmnvc ga axct gc nvk cga hnocga ga iac xeztkgfegve c~kg zc cgvcz

ga mcgnocga mccocicg umko zc gczchnga uzctng' Cga hnocga gc onic (5. c~

mcvuihcz cga ‟Ouhkz gc Zuiczcga)c~kg’/ ctcv (6. ‚ ‟Zuiczcga)c~kg’/ vcvok (:.

‚ ‟Mcvcivcicg’/ fcocqc (8. ‚ ‟@ngfn Zuiczcga)c~kg’/ cv nzc (3. ‚ ‟Ouhkz gc

@ngfn Zuiczcga)c~kg’/ c~ angcinv uktcga icvumk~ cga oeheo ga mcgnocgamccocicg' Ouicochcz gc tngcmcicxcinga xeztkgfegve zc tca)ccxco gc nvk c~

ic~xkkga mcvcivcicg gc mccocicg zc xkhkvnmz' Fcocqctu„v tnvk (81. cga hnocga

ga iac xeztkgfegvega ic~ mcvcivcicga mccocicg/ gc mcvuihcz ga

ctcvgctuv)onicga tkxz~egvk (65%. ga mchuucga hnocga ga iac xeztkgfegve'

Ochnga)zn~ci (3>. cga zuiczcga)c~kga ic~ mccocicg znocga `nanv zc



35

mcvcivcicg umko zc xkhkvnmz/ gc mcvuihcz ga vcvouitugv)fcocqcga tkxz~egvk

(:8%. ga iac xeztkgfegve' Zn~ci (>. gcicg gc ezvuf~cgve gc mcvuihcz ga

ochnionicga tkxz~egvk (35%. cga gcazchnga `ngfn znoc accgkga tcino~cx zc

xkhkvnmz' Ic~ ctcv (6. gcicga ezvuf~cgve cga gcazchnga ic~ zctcv znocga

mccocicg umko zc xkhkvnmz/ cv nvk„~ mcvuihcz ga tnvkga tkxz~egvk (1%. ga iac

xeztkgfegve' Cv ic~ nzcga (3. ezvuf~cgve cga gcazchnga ouhkz `ngfn zn~c

icz~cfkga tcino~cx zc xkhkvnmz/ cv zn~c„~ mcvuihcz ga nzcga tkxz~egvk (3%. ga

iac xeztkgfegve' Zcicmcvuqnf/ gc)zcvnztc~ ga iac icgcgconmznm cga mcgnocga

oninvcz~kg gc icmmcoct ga nitkxicz~kg iuoc zc iac xeztkgfegvega ic~

mcvcivcicga mccocicg zc uzctnga nvk'

Vcoc`cgc~cg Hnocga 3

Vcoo~ ga iac Zcakv ga Ezvuf~cgve umko zc Texzetz~kg

gnoc zc Xkhkvnmz

Ntngctcmnvc ga vcoc`cgc~cga nvk cga vcoo~ ga iac tngugvuzcga texzetz~kg

ga iac xeztkgfegve' Ouicochcz gc cga Texzetz~kg Hnocga qcok (0./ zcitu

(34./ cgni (<./ cv vcvok (:. cga iac tcgaugc`nga texzetz~kg ga iac

xeztkgfegve vugamko zc xkhkvnmz' Cga Texzetz~kg Hnocga qcok (0. gc ic~

c|excae gc 6'38 tugvkz/ c~ gcazczccf gc ‟Cga xkhkvnmz c~ nzcga zcgac~ ga

cttonef zjnegje gc vuicvcocmc~ zc iac tcxccg cv ievkfk ga tcatktxkf~uz ga

nhc„v)nhcga txkfumvk gc gcatctcfcon ga tciuiu`c~ ga vck'’ Tcamcvctkz n )vcoo~/

nvk cga gcmcmu`c ga ic~ tngcmcicxcinga cvegz~kg zc iac xeztkgfegve/ muga

mc~c„v ic`n`ngu`c gc cga iac xeztkgfegve c~ ic~ mccocicg vcocac zc xkhkvnmz'

Ntngctcmnvc zc axct gc nvk cga hnocga ga iac xeztkgfegve gc gcazchnga

ic~ hegetnz~k k cfhegvcèga gcnfufuokv cga xkhkvnmz' Zc axct gc nvk/ icmnmnvc

Texzetz~kg Hoa'

3 8 : 6 5 < 1 0 > 34

Mchuucga 88: 8:5 86< 88< 8:3 866 8:8 861 8:> 866

C|excae :'18 :'>8 6'34 :'11 :'0: 6'41 :'01 6'38 :'>0 6'41



3<

cga fcocqcga muoc~ ga hcx gc muga zccg hcqcv nzc c~ ic~ mcumuocga

znvqcz~kg' Zc p)cpnz icmnmnvc cga tugvkz iuoc nzc `cgaacga onic gc ic~

mcvuihcz gc mczcauvcg/ zcicgvcocga zc ~)cpnz gcicg icmnmnvc cga nocga ga

iac xeztkgfegve'

Axct Hnocga :

Hnocga ga iac Xeztkgfegvega Gcazchnga ic~ Hegetnz~k cv Cfhegvcèga

Gcnfufuokv cga Xkhkvnmz

Zc ugcga znvqcz~kg gc zngnznihkok ga tuvnga hcx / zngczchnga zc vuokga ga

xkhkvnmz/ ictctcfcon cga iac acqcng zc tccxcocg' Zc cgnigctuga (<4.

xeztkgfegve/ vcovouituv)qcokga tkxz~egvk (:0%. k mcvuihcz gc fcocqcitu„v)

vcvokga (8:. xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga ouhkz gc zuiczcga)c~kg/ vcvouitu„v)

4

5

34

35

84

85

:4

5(Ouhkz gc

Zuiczcga)c~kg.

6(Zuiczcga)c~kg.

:(Mcvcivcicg.

8(@ngfn

Zuiczcga)c~kg.


H n o c

g a g a i a c X e z t k g f e g v e

Cgvcz ga Hkvk ga iac Xeztkgfegve

Icmcmctcatcfcon ga iac acqcng zc tccxcocg Icmcmcvumocz ga nhc tcga icmchuou`cga hcac~



31

tnvkga tkxz~egvk (:1%. k mcvuihcz ga fcocqcituv)ctcv (88. cga gcazchnga

zuiczcga)c~kg/ ochnga)vcvokga tkxz~egvk (3:%. k mcvuihcz ga qcokga (0.

xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga mcvcivcicg/ tnvkga tkxz~egvk (1%. k ctcv (6. gc

xeztkgfegve gcicg cga `ngfn zuicga)c~kg zcicgvcocga onicga tkxz~egvk (5%.

k vcvokga (:. xeztkgfegve cga ouhkz gc `ngfn zuiczcga)c~kg'

Zc mchnocga hcgfc/ zngnznihkok gcicg ga onocga hcx cga nmcocqcga

znvqcz~kg gc muga zccg zngczchnga icmcmcvumocz ga nhc tcga icmchuou`cga

hcac~ zc vuokga ga nhc„v ‚ nhcga txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz' Zc cgnigctuga (<4.

xeztkgfegve/ vcvouitu„v)vcvok tkxz~egvk (::%. k mcvuihcz ga ochnga)zn~ci (84.

gc xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga ouhkz gc zuiczcga)c~kg/ ctcvgctuv)fcocqcga

tkxz~egvk (6:%. k mcvuihcz ga fcocituv)onic (85. gc xeztkgfegve cga

gcazchnga zuiczcga)c~kg/ fcocqcituga tkxz~egvk (84%. k mcvuihcz ga

ochngfcocqcga (38. xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga mcvcivcicg/ vcvokga tkxz~egvk

(:%. k mcvuihcz ga vcvokga (8. xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga `ngfn zuiczcga)

c~kg zcicgvcocga fcocqcga tkxz~egvk (8%. k mcvuihcz ga nzcga (3.

xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga ouhkz gc `ngfn zuicga)c~kg'

Ntngctcmnvc ga ‟ tne“ axct gc nvk hnocga ga iac xeztkgfegve gc tuinon ga

iac zuiuzugkf gc acfaevz gc gcmcmcvuokga zc mcgnocga tca)ccxco' Cga axct

gc nvk c~ gc`c`cvn zc onicga tcxve gc zngnznihkok ga nhc„v )nhcga muoc~/ ona`v)hxkqg

tcxc zc mkit~uvex+octvkt/ fcxm hxkqg tcxc zc mkit~uvex+octvkt/ xkzcz tcxc zc

jeoot`kgez k veoetkgk/ czuo tcxc zc it: toc~exz cv hexfe tcxc zc nhc tcga

acfaevz'

Zc cgnigctuga (<4. xeztkgfegve/ vcvouituv)cgni gc tkxz~egvk (:<%. k

mcvuihcz ga onictuv)vcvok (5:. xeztkgfegvega cga gcazchnga gcmcmcvuokga cga

mkit~uvex/ vcvouituv)onicga tkxz~egvk (:5%. k mcvuihcz ga onicituv)nzcga(53. xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga gcmcmcvuokga cga mcom~uoe~vkx/ ochnga)cgni gc

tkxz~egvk (3<%. k mcvuihcz ga fcocituv)vcvokga (8:. xeztkgfegvega gcazchnga

gcmcmcvuokga cga jeoot`kge/ ochnga)nzcga tkxz~egvk (33%. k mcvuihcz ga

ochnga)cgni gc xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga gcmcmcvuokga cga it: toc~exz/



30

:<% / 5:

:5%/ 53

3<%/ 8:

33% / 3<

3%/ :

Mkit~uvex k Octvkt

Mcom~uoe~vkx

Jeoot`kge

It: toc~exz

Nhc tcga acfaevz

zcicgvcocga nzcga tkxz~egvk gcicg (3%. cga gcazchnga gcmcmcvuokga xng cga

nhc tcga acfaevz k txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz ac~c ga veoehnz~kg xcfnk cvht'

Axct Hnocga 6

Hnocga ga iac Xeztkgfegvega Gcazchnga ic~ Iczcicga Etemvk cv Fnz )

Cfhegvcèga Gcnfufuokv cga Xkhkvnmz

Ntngctcmnvc zc axct gc nvk cga hnocga ga iac xeztkgfegve gc gcazchnga

ic~ fnz)cfhegvcè cv iczcicga gcnfufuokv cga xkhkvnmz' Zc axct gc nvk/

icmnmnvc cga fcocqcga muoc~ ga hcx gc muga zccg hcqcv nzc c~ ic~ mcumuocga

znvqcz~kg' Zc p)cpnz icmnmnvc cga tugvkz iuoc nzc `cgaacga onic gc ic~

mcvuihcz gc mczcauvcg/ zcicgvcocga zc ~)cpnz gcicg icmnmnvc cga nocga ga

iac xeztkgfegve'

Zc ugcga znvqcz~kg gc zngnznihkok ga tuvnga hcx / zngczchnga ic~

iczcicga etemvkga gcnfufuokv ga xkhkvnmz zc tca)ccxco' Zc cgnigctuga (<4.

xeztkgfegve/ fcocqcitu„v)fcocqcga tkxz~egvk (88%. k mcvuihcz gc

ochngvcvokga (3:. xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga ouhkz gc zuiczcga)c~kg/

onicitu„v)fcocqcga tkxz~egvk (58%. k mcvuihcz ga vcvouituv)nzcga (:3. cga



3>

4

5

34

35

84

85

:4

:5

5(Ouhkz gc

Zuiczcga)c~kg.

6(Zuiczcga)c~kg.

:(Mcvcivcicg.

8(@ngfn Zuiczcga)

c~kg.


H n o c g a g a i a c X e z t k g f e g v e

Cgvcz ga Hkvk ga iac Xeztkgfegve

Ic~ iczcicga etemvkga gcnfufuokv cga Xkhkvnmz zc cinga tca)ccxco'

Ic~ iac fnz)cfhegvcè cga iac txkfumvk ga Xkhkvnmz

gcazchnga zuiczcga)c~kg/ ochngvcvokga tkxz~egvk (3:%. k mcvuihcz ga qcokga

(0. xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga mcvcivcicg/ fcocqcga tkxz~egvk (8%. k

mcvuihcz gc nzcga (3. xeztkgfegve gcicg cga `ngfn zuicga)c~kg zcicgvcocga

qcoc gcicga ouhkz gc `ngfn zuicga)c~kg'

Axct Hnocga 5

Hnocga ga iac Xeztkfegve Gcazchnga ic~ Fnz)Cfhegvcè cv Iczcicga

Etemvkga Gcnfufuokv cga Xkhkvnmz

Zc mchnocga hcgfc/ zngnznihkok gcicg ga onocga hcx cga nmcocqcga

znvqcz~kg gc muga zccg zngczchnga ic~ iac fnz)cfhegvcè zc nhc„v ‚ nhcga

txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz' Zc cgnigctuga (<4. xeztkgfegve/ fcocqcitu„v)qcokga

tkxz~egvk (80%. k mcvuihcz ga ochnitnvkga (31. xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga

ouhkz gc zuiczcga)c~kg/ ctcvgctuv)vcvokga tkxz~egvk (6:%. k mcvuihcz ga



84

zuicga)c~kg/ fcocituv)cgni (8<. gc xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga zuiczcga)

c~kg/ ochnitnvkga tkxz~egvk (31%. k mcvuihcz ga zcituga (34. xeztkgfegve

cga gcazchnga mcvcivcicg/ onicga tkxz~egvk (5%. k mcvuihcz ga cgni (:. gc

xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga `ngfn zuiczcga)c~kg zcicgvcocga onicga

tkxz~egvk (5%. k mcvuihcz ga cgni (:. gc xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga ouhkz

znocga `ngfn zuiczcga)c~kg'

Axct Hnocga <

Hnocga ga iac Xetzkgfegve gc Tuinon ga iac

zuiuzugkf gc Acfaevz gc @ngfn Gcmcmcvuokga zc Mcgnocga Tca)ccxco

Ntngctcmnvc ga ‟ tne“ axct gc nvk hnocga ga iac xeztkgfegve gc tuinon ga

iac zuiuzugkf gc acfaevz gc `ngfn gcmcmcvuokga zc mcgnocga tca)ccxco' Cga

axct gc nvk c~ gc`c`cvn zc onicga tcxve gc zngnznihkok ga nhc„v )nhcga muoc~/ ona`v)

hxkqg tcxc zc mkit~uvex+octvkt/ fcxm hxkqg tcxc zc mkit~uvex+octvkt/ xkzcz

tcxc zc jeoot`kgez k veoetkgk/ czuo tcxc zc it: toc~exz cv hexfe tcxc zc nhc

tcga acfaevz'

85%8: 8%/ 8

61%/ 66

83%/ 84

5%/ 5

Mkit~uvex k Octvkt

Mcom~uoe~vkx

Jeoot`kge

It: toc~exz

Nhc tcga acfaevz



83

Zc cgnigctuga (<4. xeztkgfegve/ ctcvgctuv)tnvkga tkxz~egvk (61%. k

mcvuihcz ga ctcvgctuv)ctcv (66. gc xeztkgfegvega cga gcazchnga `ngfn

gcmcmcvuokga cga mkit~uvex/ fcocituv)onicga tkxz~egvk (85%. k mcvuihcz ga

fcocqcituv)vcvok (8:. gc xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga `ngfn gcmcmcvuokga cga

mcom~uoe~vkx/ fcocqcituv)nzcga tkxz~egvk (83%. k mcvuihcz ga fcocituga (84.

xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga `ngfn gcmcmcvuokga cga jeoot`kge/ onicga tkxz~egvk

(5%. k mcvuihcz ga onicga xeztkgfegve cga gcazchnga `ngfn gcmcmcvuokga cga

it: toc~exz/ zcicgvcocga fcocqcga tkxz~egvk (8%. gcicg cga gcazchnga `ngfn

gcmcmcvuokga cga nhc tcga acfaevz k txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz ac~c TZT/ |nfek

aciez/ XTA cv nht'



88

MCHCGCVC \

OCAKI/ MKGAMOUZ^KG CV XEMKIEGFCZ^KG

Zc mchcgcvcga nvk/ vngcocmc~ ga iac icgcgconmznm cga hngukf gc iac

fcvkz cv nitkxicz~kga gcmcoct zc mkitxeègznhkga tcavcocmc~ zc gcafccga

mchcgcvc'Vngcocmc~ xng xnvk cga mkgamouz~kg cv xemkiegfcz~kga ngnoc`cf ga iac

icgcgconmznm'

N' Ocaki

Cga tcicgc`kga)tcteo gc nvk c~ nzcga tcavcvcgamcga nocxcqcg cv zuxnng

cga iac tcgcgcq cv mccocicg ga iac xeztkgfegve umko zc etemvk ga xkhkvnmz

zc iac ezvuf~cgve' Gcnzcacqc xng cga tcicgc`kga tcteo gc nvk utcga iczuxn

cga cfhegvcè cv fnz)cfhegvcè ga xkhkvnmz zc iac ezvuf~cgve'

Acinv cga fnzeg~kga fezmxntvn|)cgconvnm/ cga iac icgcgconmznm c~

gca`cgfc ga nzcga zcxhe~)mqezv~kge~x gc tngczcauvcg zc cgnigctuga

xeztkgfegve zc Mkoe`n~k ga Ng`ng~exk/ Ugn|exznv~ kl Hcvcgacz'

NN' Mkgamouz~kg

Hcvc~ zc iac ngnoc`cf gc fcvkz/ cga iac icgcgconmznm c~ ùicgvkga zc

iac zuiuzugkf gc mkgamouz~kg2

Cga iac tcgcgcq k texzetz~kg ga iac ezvuf~cgve c~ ic~ tcamc)

zjnegvnlnj gc' Hcvc~ zc zcxhe~ gc nzngcacqc/ tcxc zc iac xeztkgfegve/ cga

xkhkvnmz c~ nzcga zcgac~ ga cttonef zjnegje gc vuicvcocmc~ zc iac tcxccg cv

ievkfk ga tcatktxkf~uz ga nhc„v)nhcga txkfumvk gc gcatctcfcon ga

tciuiu`c~ ga vck

Hcacicv `ngfn acgkkg mc cm~uxe~v cga iac angcinv gc hcx~chko zc tca)

ccxco/ iczczchnga cga iac ezvuf~cgve c~ ic~ gcmumu`cga hegetnz~k cv

ichuhuvnga hcac~ iuoc zc xkhkvnmz'



8:

Cga xkhkvnmz c~ nzcga cfhegvcè zc nzcga ica)ccxco' Zc tcicicanvcg

gnvk/ gctctcfcon gnoc cga mcgnocga iac acqcnga tcitccxcocg/ ocok gc zc iac

tca)ccxco cv mcuagc~ gc acqcng'

Ac~ugfng zc fnz)cfhegvcè ga tcaacinv ga xkhkvnmz/ icxcinga

ezvuf~cgve cga gcctemvu`cg gnvk ga iczcic/ ocok gc„v gchchcqczcg cga

mcgnocga kxcz zc tca)ccxco'

Iuoc zc iac efumcz~kgco gc txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz/ cga mkit~uvex k

octvkt cga gcmcmcvuokga ga ouhkz zc mcgnocga tca)ccxco/ zctcamcv gcacacinv

gnoc nvk zc tcaacqc ga iac xezecxj` / cv zc tca)che~o ga hcakga mccocicg iuoc

zc ngvexgev' Zcicgvcocga cga jeoot`kge gcicg tcxc zc mcgnoc cga tngcmc)

gcafufuokv ga iczcicga etemvk zc mcgnocga tca)ccxco'

NNN' Xemkiegfcz~kg

Mcuagc~ zc tca)ccxco gc gcnzcacqc cv zc iac xezuovcga gcvcik/ hukga

‚ tcatctcmuihchcga ngnxexemkiegfc ga iac icgcgconmznm cga iac

zuiuzugkf2

Tcxc zc iac icauocga ga iac ica)ccxco/ tcxvnmuocx gc cga iac cgcm

gnocga qcocga mc`nv cgkga txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz/ znauxcfu`nga gcananga humcz

cga ng~kga iac cgcm zc nocg zc iac txkfumvk ga xkhkvnmz zctcamcv nvk„~

gcmcmctcatcfcon ga iac acqcnga tcitccxcocg/ cv gcmcmcvuokga zc nhc tcga

acqcng'

Tcxc zc iac cfingnzvxe~vkx ga tccxcocg/ gcqc„~ icanga ngzvxuiegvk nvk

utcga iciuocv znoc umko zc tcamcmcxkkg ga xezecxj`)fxn|eg gc mctconanxcg cv

tca)ouougzcf ga iac xkhkvnmkga txkfumvk gc nvk/ zctcamcv cga nocg zc iac nvk c~

gcmcmctca)feheokt ga mctchnonfcf ga iac ezvuf~cgve'

Tcxc zc iac ica)ccxco/ icz tcocqcmng tc cga ng~kga mccocicg umko zc

xkhkvnmz cv nocga mcuagc~ gc tca)ccxco/ cv icz icanga ictcguxn utcga icanga

icùùzc~ gc ng`ng~exk zc `ngc`cxct'



86

Tcxc zc iac icgcgconmznm/ ntcatcvuok~ k tcocqcmng tc cga tca)ccxco gc

nvk vugak zc tcavumocz ga icxcin cv `nanv tcga mctcmn)tcmngchcga gc iac fcvkz

k nitkxicz~kga icccxnga icmcvuokga zc tcatctcocqcm ga mccocicg `ngaano zc

xkhkvnmz'

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Epekto ng Robotiks sa mga Estudyante (Pamanahong Papel)