Era Environmental Risk Analysis

7/31/2019 Era Environmental Risk Analysis

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Environmental risk assessment

of industrial accidentsA development project with the aim to:

propose good practices

establish simple criteria

research and develop easy to apply models

present the state of art of prevention and protection of the

environment

for conducting environmental risk analysis at industrial sitesin France.


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The complexity of the system

Frequency

analysis

Consequence

analysis

Hazardidentification

Riskevaluation

Acceptancecriteria

BiologyEcotoxicology

PhysicsChemistry

Accidentology

Statistics

Economics Sociology


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The 4 parts of the method

Part 1 evaluate the harm potential of chemical substances

Part 2

evaluate the transportpotential of a pollution towards theenvironmental targets

Part 3 estimate the vulnerabilityof the environmental targets

Part 4

define the principal measures of prevention and protectionfrom accidental environmental pollutions


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Accidentology:ARIA databasehttp://www.aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/

The study of previous accidental pollutions of soils,

ground and surface waters can give us useful

feedback on:

causes and circumstances of accidents

routes of contamination

type of industrial installations and activities

substances implicated

consequences and impact

permitting us to evaluate in a first quick approach

the danger (frequency&impact) of an industrial

site or activity.

No ARIA 15.598


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The most common routes of

contamination Discharge offire-fighting waterinto the aquatic environment

Discharge through the sewage system or cooling water system

Discharge through the rain drainage system Direct release (e.g. from a ruptured pipeline, or afailed valve)

Overfilling of a storage vessel

Release to the atmosphere and then contamination through

deposition (particles or rain)

Discharge through theground).


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Soil

Unsaturated zone

Saturated zone

run off

infiltration

Atmosphere

volatilization

Environment:humansplants

animals

rivers

torivers, lakes, sea

human activities:

fishing, farming

source

transport

target


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Simplified schema of

accidental pollution

TARGET

TARGET

SOURCE

TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT


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The 3 modules of the method

source

targettransport

TRANSPORT POTENTIAL

(physicochemical properties)

HARM POTENTIAL

(toxicity, quantity)DANGER

PHYSICOCHEMICALPROPERTIES(type of soil, vegetation etc.)

TOPOGRAPHY(distance to water bodies,land inclination etc.)

VULNERABILITY(endangered species, kids etc.)

IMPACT MAGNITUDE(area affected, number of species)

KINETICS DAMAGE


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Problems:

interactive relations among the three modules

complexity of physical phenomena

diversity of cases

amount of data needed

high cost and difficulty of performing an extensive research of the

surroundings

domino effects

objective evaluation of the impact

How to apply the same method to every case???

2 phase approach:

preliminary risk analysisdetailed risk analysis


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Hazardidentification(SEVESO2 inst.)

RISK?

PreliminaryRisk Analysis

NO

RISK

TRIVIAL

ALARP RISKUNACCEPTABLE

NOT

SURE

DetailedRisk

Analysis

YESCosteffectivebarriers?

YES

NO

RISK?

Possible

barriers?

YES

NO

NO

YES

Basic dataover the 3modules

Elaboratedata

over the 3modules


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STEP 1: SourcePreliminaryanalysis

Detailedanalysis

Danger

exists?

Substanceidentification

Basicdata

available

?

QSARpossible

?

NO NO

Dangerevaluation

YES YES

STOP

perform

STEP 2: transport

YES

NOTSURE

NO

QuantityToxicityMobility


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STEP 2: TransportPreliminaryanalysis

Detailedanalysis

TransportPossible

?

Step1:Substance data

Datamissing

?

YES

Transportpotential

evaluation

STOP

perform

STEP 3: target

YES

NOTSURE

NO

Site properties

NOSoil typeDistance to waterbodiesNatural &

artificial barriers


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STEP 3: TargetPreliminaryanalysis

Detailedanalysis

Impactimportant

?

Step 3:Transport data

Datamissing

?

YES

Identification of areaand population

touched

STOP

YES

NOTSURE

NO

Vulnerability ofthe environment

NO

Protectionprevention

possible?

NOApply

measures,

barriers

YES


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SOURCE

Preliminar

y

analysis

Detailed

analysis

exact physical and chemical data (Tb, kow, koc, kh, viscosity etc.) reaction chains and products with regard to other substancespresent in the site (factory, soil)use of available software to model the substance behavior in theenvironment

quantity toxicity basic physical parameters: volatility, viscosity, solubility basic chemical parameters: reactivity(basic products) ,biodegradability, radioactivity, half-life past accidents involving the substance existent methods of post-accidental treatment

Evaluation of the harm potential with the use of

classes of danger ( Seveso legislation)Evaluationof mobility

+persistance

Protection orprevention possibility


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Transport

Preliminar

y

analysis

Detailed

analysis

exact data on soil properties (permeability, porosity, vegetation,mineral and chemical composition, water retention) data on dispersion and degradation constants and considerationof other physical and also chemical phenomena during the transport modeling with the use of appropriate software climatic data over the area

site limits possible pathways presence of natural or artificial barriers distance to water bodies soil types and basic properties consider only advection and dispersion of the substance andestimation of the transport distance and time in order of magnitude


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Target

Preliminar

y

analysis

Detailed

analysis

soil, air, water and groundwater intake quality post-accidental ways of exposure to the pollution life conditions economical estimation of damage and repair costs societal health effects time of reconstitution of the area use of software to model the impact

quick estimation of the human population near the area quick estimation of fauna and flora around the area presence of extremely vulnerable populations (Natura 2000) identification of principal human activities that may be affectedfrom a soil or river pollution (land use, potable water quality) use of the impact evaluation table (E.U , BARPI) quick estimation of economical losses


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Frequency evaluation

Past accidents inthe specific site

Past accidents insimilar sites

Frequencyestimation withthe use of tables

Possible but

extremely

improbableVery

improbable Improbable Probable

F6qualitative :

semi-quantitative:

FREQUENCY CLASS

(from F-2 to F6) 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 110-6

10

Very

Probable

F5 F1 F0F2F3F4 F-2F-110-2 10110-110-310-410-5

CommonEVENT


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Measures of prevention and

protection

Measures designed to prevent risks of leakage (pipeline, vessel rupture etc.)

Measures designed to prevent risks of soil infiltration et run off of pollutants Measures of preventing the transport of the pollutant towards the target

Protection barriers to limit pollution inside the installation's limits

Treatments for inland waters remediation and pollution control

Methods of soil remediation and pollution control


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Summary

STEP 1source

STEP 2

transportSTEP 3target

PHASE 1:preliminary analysis

S

TOP

PHASE 2: detailed analysis

STO

P

STEP 1source

STEP 2

transportSTEP 3target

COST-EF

FECTIVE

MEAS

URES

STOP


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Tasks still to be done

still simple tools that can be used to estimate the order of magnitude ofthe transport have to be improved ( equations, indicateurs etc)

need for consequence and danger tables that can be used from everycountry and every industry

Documents

Era Environmental Risk Analysis