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• Essential Question:–How did the American desire for Manifest
Destiny lead to the acquisition of Texas, Oregon, & California?
• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 5.2: –Clicker Questions–Manifest Destiny notes –Today’s HW: 9.3–Unit 5 Test: Thursday, October 20–In-Class Essay: Friday, October 21
Westward expansion brought conflict with Indians, such as the Black Hawk War, as trails disrupted hunting grounds and violated previous treaties
The Treaty of Fort Laramie created a vast Indian Territory but was repeatedly
ignored by whites expanding West
In the 1840s, America realized its “manifest destiny” by acquiring all lands to the Pacific Ocean
In 1845, the USA annexed the independent
nation of TexasIn 1846, the U.S. settled a dispute with England to
gain Oregon
In 1848, the USA gained new lands in the SW by winning the
Mexican-American War
In 1821, Mexico won
independence from Spain
and the new Mexican
gov’t welcomed Americans into
Texas by offering cheap
land
Stephen F Austin became one of the wealthiest
“Anglos” in Texas
Americans refused to accept Mexican laws
They wanted a voice in Mexican government
They would not accept a ban on slavery
They would not convert to Catholicism
In 1835, Texans were in open rebellion against the Mexican government
By 1834, Mexican president Santa Anna began to view Anglos
as a threat and had Austin arrested
Texans lost at the Alamo, but the battle created inspiration:
“Remember the Alamo!”
Davy CrockettJim Bowie
The Battle of San Jacinto was the decisive victory that
resulted in the capture of Santa Anna and independence
in 1836
From 1836 to 1845, Texas was an independent nation; Sam Houston was
the first president of the Republic of TexasIn 1838, Houston invited the USA to annex
Texas, but the debate over slavery kept America from adding Texas as a state
Democrat James K. Polk won the election of 1844 and became the “Manifest Destiny” president
He wanted to end British claims to Oregon
He urged Congress to make Texas the
28th U.S. state in 1845
When Texas was admitted into the Union in 1845,
it came in as a slave stateTo make Northerners happy, President Polk wanted to add Oregon as a free state, but…
…Oregon was jointly occupied
by the USA & Britain
Oregon residents & President Polk
demanded the entire Oregon territory: “54°40’ or fight!”
But, the U.S. and Britain compromised, divided Oregon
along 49° parallel, and Oregon became a free territory in 1846
When Texas won its independence from Mexico
in 1836, the 2 sides disagreed over the territorial borders of
the Republic of Texas
When the U.S. annexed
Texas 9 years later, this land claim was
not settled
The Mexican-American War (1846—1848)This dispute led to the
Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848
In 1846, President Polk sent General
Zachary Taylor across the
Rio Grande River which provoked Mexico into war
The Mexican-American War
Zachary Taylor won in northern Mexico
John C Fremont won in California
Stephen Kearney captured New MexicoWinfield Scott captured
Mexico City
The U.S. quickly won the Mexican War
The Mexican-American War ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848
The USA gained all of Texas to the Rio Grande River
Mexico gave up (ceded) territory in the Southwest, called the Mexican Cession
5 years later, the U.S. bought the Gadsden
Purchase for $10 million to build a southern railroad
America: The Story of Us Western expansion (start at 6.40)
“Life on the Oregon Trail” Excerpt #1“Pioneers along the Oregon Trail averaged 15 miles per
day, almost exclusively on foot, for nearly 6 months”
Excerpt #2 “Covered wagons dominated traffic on the Oregon Trail. The typical wagon was about 11 feet long,
4 feet wide, and 2 feet deep, with bows of hardwood supporting a bonnet that rose about 5 feet above the
wagon bed. With only one set of springs under the driver's seat and none on the axles, nearly everyone walked along with their herds of cattle and sheep.”
Excerpt #3 “A typical day started before dawn with breakfast of coffee, bacon, and dry bread. The wagon
was repacked in time to get underway by 7 o'clock. At noon, they stopped for a cold meal of coffee, beans, and bacon. Then back on the road again. Around 5 in
the afternoon, they circled the wagons for the evening. The men secured the animals and made repairs while
women cooked a hot meal of tea, boiled rice, and bacon”
Excerpt #4 “When the Trail got crowded (in 1849 and later) camping became more difficult. The biggest problem was finding fuel for the campfires. Soon
trees were scarce and there was only one alternative: buffalo dung. No one liked collecting it, but it did
burn and gave off a consistent odorless flame”
Excerpt #5 “Weather-related dangers included thunderstorms, hailstones, lightning, tornadoes,
and high winds. The intense heat of the deserts caused wood to shrink & rims to fall of axles. The pioneers’ lips blistered and split in the dry air, and their only remedy
was to rub axle grease on their lips. River crossings were often dangerous: even in slow currents & shallow water,
wagon wheels could be damaged by rocks or become mired in the muddy bottom”
Excerpt #6 “Nearly 1 in 10 who set off on the Oregon Trail did not survive. The two biggest causes
of death were disease and accidents. The worst disease was cholera, caused by unsanitary conditions.
People in good spirits in the morning could be dead by evening. Symptoms started with an intense stomach
ache, then came diarrhea and vomiting causing dehydration. If death did not occur within the first
12 to 24 hours, the victim usually recovered”
Excerpt #7 “Indians were usually the least of the pioneers’ problems. Tales of hostile encounters far
overshadowed actual incidents. Indian conflicts occasionally resulted from trigger-happy emigrants who shot at Indians for target practice. A few massacres were
highly publicized. The Ward Train was attacked by Shoshones who tortured & murdered 19 emigrants”
• Essential Question:–How did the American desire for Manifest
Destiny lead to the acquisition of Texas, Oregon, & California?
• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 5.2: –Clicker Questions–Manifest Destiny notes –Today’s HW: 9.4–Unit 5 Test: Thursday, October 20–In-Class Essay: Friday, October 21
Manifest Destiny in the 1840s
In the 1830s, Mexico offered cheap land to American ranchers & farmers to move to California
When the Mexican War broke out in 1846,
Californians revolted from Mexican rule and created
an independent nation
The California Republic was annexed by the USA as part of the Mexican
Cession in 1848
The discovery of gold in San Francisco led to a flood of Americans to California in 1849
“Forty-Niners” hoping to strike it rich came from the East, Latin America,
Europe, & Asia
America: Story of US (Gold Rush)
The California gold rush led to a population boom in the West
Gold Fever & Immigration to CA was national
Gold Fever & Immigration to CA was GlobalWhere the 49ers Came From
80%
13%7%
UnitedStates
Europe &Asia
LatinAmerica
San Francisco before the gold rushSan Francisco after the gold rush
By the end of the 1840s, the USA had achieved
its Manifest Destiny
America had a “continental” empire
from the Atlantic to Pacific
Westward expansion stimulated the economy, spread democracy, and
increased U.S. nationalism
But as America spread West, sectional issues
over slavery grew
Label and date each territory and create a symbol that explains how the USA gained the territory
Identify 10 major events or changes that took place in
American history from 1800 to 1850 that impacted
Westward Expansion
ABC CPUSH Review ■In groups of two, teams must provide
an accurate sentence regarding an event/theme in American history during the antebellum era (1800-1860) for each letter of the alphabet:–A…Agriculture became more
commercial than subsistence–Sentences must begin with nouns,
not verbs or adjectives