Estructura I: Describing recent actions, events, and conditions: the present perfect

tense

• He buceado y he corrido las olas.

Tú y yo hemos jugado al vólibol.

• He esquiado en el agua, pero no he corrido las olas.

Estructura I: Describing recent actions, events, and conditions: the present perfect

tense• Present perfect

used to describe what has and has not happened recently

• Yo he comido.• I have eaten.• Nosotros hemos estudiado mucho.• We have studied a lot lately.

Estructura I: Describing recent actions, events, and conditions: the present perfect

tense• Present perfect vs. preterite

preterite action time-specific, beginning or completed action

in the past• Yo comí a las 7:00.

present perfect merely establishes that an action has taken

place sometime in the recent past• Yo he comido.

How to form the present perfect

• haber (to have) auxiliary verb

• haber + past participle formation of the present participle

(verb stem + past participle ending*)

* based on infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) of the participle verb

adoido

ido

hehasha

hemos

habeishan

}+

hablcomviv

To form the past participle, add the following to the stem ado

ido-ar -er/-

ir

How to form the present perfect

Past participles with accent marks several -er and -ir verbs like leer, creer,

traer • I have read the book.• Yo he leído el libro. ¡A traducir!

I have arrived.We haven’t studied.Have you worked today?

They have brought the food.

Yo he llegado.No hemos estudiado.¿Has trabajado hoy?Han traído la

comida.

Present perfect: puntos especiales

Irregular past participles

Infinitive Past participle

abrir

decir

escribir

hacer

morir

poner

ver

volver

abierto

dicho

escrito

hecho

muerto

puesto

visto

vuelto

Present perfect: puntos especiales