21 autonomous republics51 regions (in which 49

“oblast” and 2 urban areas of “federal significance”: St. Petersburg and Moscow);

10 national districts;6 territories named “krai”;an autonomous region

Birobidjan located in the far East, meant to be a Jewish homeland.

Russia’s population: 141,950,000 25 million of Russia’s citizens

are ethnic minorities Over 100 different nationalities. Ten Major Minorities inhabitants

(millions):1. Tatar 5.52. Ukrainians43. Chuvashia 1.74. Bashkir 1.35. Belarusian 1.56. Mordovian 17. Chechens 0.98. Udmurt 0.79. Kossacs 0.610. Germans 0.5

Soviet propaganda heavily relied

on ethnic Chauvinism. re-writing of historical figures.• Homogenize ethnic territory• Russification of non-Russian nationalities• Soviet passports, as well as all other identifying

documents, specified the holder’s nationality. • During Stalin’s rule, the majority of prisoners were

accused of nationalism.

20 million people, representing 70 different ethnic groups.Predominantly Islamic ,Long history of violent conflict since the days of the

Tsars. Stalin deported 200,000 ethnic Chechens (quarter of

Chechnya’s population then), the remainder of the population was persecuted

Consciousness of a separate history and culture is widely spread among North Caucasian people.

Human rights record remains poor in the regionThere is also an increase in Muslim Extremism,

Wahhabism

Ethno-nationalist mobilization is most likely to be successful: When political, economic and cultural demands

are aggregated in a fundamentalist ideology, When the political regime systematically

discriminates against non-dominant groups, When group cohesion is high, and when

resources may be mobilized for nationalism

Medvedev’s plan to calm the North Caucasus

involves: Investing heavily in the

region Moving some of its

population to predominantly ethnic Russian regions

Some Russian experts believe:

- This will generate xenophobia among Russians

- Will also generate demands by other non-Russians ethnic minorities for the same of treatment

Between 1992-2002 Russia lost about 6.6 million citizens since deaths exceeded births.

By 2009, it gained 10 million immigrants

Immigrants are necessary:Internal reasons: reduction in population, and

need for labor.External reason: China’s over population

President Medvedev proclaimed that Russia should be a country where people should want to come to from all over the world

Immigration rules have been simplified to improve visa regulations

According to approximate estimations, there are 9 illegal migrants per 1 legal labor migrant in the country.

Half of all foreign migrants arrive from Central Asia (1.6 million, 1989-2003), particularly the republics of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Others come from Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Moldova.

There are an estimated 5 million Chinese nationals living in Russia’s Far East.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nyU3A3qHfsChinese Migrant Workers:

From the Levada Institutehttp://www.levada.ru/press/2006082500.html

Possible Answers 2006

Those from Caucasuses 42

Chinese 41

Vietnamese 35

Gypsies 29

Those from the former Central Asian Republics of the USSR

23

Jews 13

Ukrainians 7

All nations except the Russian 11

Should not impose restrictions on any nations 25

Undecided 7

Possible answers 2006

There is, it increased 53

There is, but it has decreased

12

No 12

Undecided 23

From the Levada Institutehttp://www.levada.ru/press/2006082500.html

A 2009 survey: 45% of the respondents felt hostile toward non-Slavic ethnic groups, particularly those from the Caucasus (i.e. Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Georgians, Dagestanis) and Central Asia.

A survey conducted in 2008: 55% of respondents favored a toughening of immigration regulations.

400 hate crimes motivated by an ethnic bias and directed against people of "non-Slavic" appearance were committed in 2009 in Russia. A great number of these crimes were committed by members of anti-immigration groups.

Immigration is necessary for Russia’s development and Russian government is trying to ease ethnic tensions

So far the government has: Decided to teach expats “rules of the game”, a code of

conduct to give suggestions how to ease ethnic divides

http://rt.com/news/prime-time/guidelines-expats-moscow-authorities/

Moscow authorities decided to create a map of ethnic tensions sites

http://en.rian.ru/russia/20100322/158275719.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S8zKfluSsuE&feature=related