Europe in the 1920’s Europe in the 1920’s and 1930’sand 1930’s

Chapter 24Chapter 24

Paris Peace ConferenceParis Peace Conference

►1919: Allied leaders gather in Paris to 1919: Allied leaders gather in Paris to negotiate a treaty to officially end WWInegotiate a treaty to officially end WWI

►Big Four:Big Four: U.S.U.S. Great BritainGreat Britain FranceFrance ItalyItaly

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

►Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles: officially ends : officially ends WWIWWI Signed June 28, 1919Signed June 28, 1919

►Major Provisions of the TreatyMajor Provisions of the Treaty War Guilt ClauseWar Guilt Clause: Germany accepts full : Germany accepts full

responsibility for causing the warresponsibility for causing the war ReparationsReparations: Germany pays for damages : Germany pays for damages

of the warof the war►$33 Billion$33 Billion

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

►Major Provisions of the TreatyMajor Provisions of the Treaty German DisarmamentGerman Disarmament

►Germany not allowed to have an AirforceGermany not allowed to have an Airforce►Severe restrictions in the Germany navySevere restrictions in the Germany navy►Army reduced to 100,000Army reduced to 100,000

Germany loses territoryGermany loses territory►Loses ALL coloniesLoses ALL colonies►Loses land for the creation of PolandLoses land for the creation of Poland►Loses DanzigLoses Danzig►A DMZ (demilitarized zone) was created in the A DMZ (demilitarized zone) was created in the

Rhineland as a buffer between Germany and FranceRhineland as a buffer between Germany and France

Responses to the Paris Peace Responses to the Paris Peace Conference and TreatyConference and Treaty

►Some were upset with the Conference Some were upset with the Conference due to their harsh treatment of Germanydue to their harsh treatment of Germany Woodrow Wilson wanted to be more lenientWoodrow Wilson wanted to be more lenient John Meynard Keynes (famous economist…John Meynard Keynes (famous economist…

Keynesian Economics) was a British delegate. Keynesian Economics) was a British delegate. He left the conference in protest of the He left the conference in protest of the treatment of Germanytreatment of Germany►““Paris was a nightmare…”Paris was a nightmare…”

Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France: “This isn’t Marshal Ferdinand Foch of France: “This isn’t a peace, it’s a twenty year truce!”a peace, it’s a twenty year truce!”

League of NationsLeague of Nations

►Woodrow Wilson (President of the U.S.) Woodrow Wilson (President of the U.S.) called for the creation of an called for the creation of an international peace-keeping international peace-keeping organization (14 Points)organization (14 Points)

►League of NationsLeague of Nations created after WWI created after WWI Weak, ineffectiveWeak, ineffective The U.S. never joinedThe U.S. never joined

Impact on GermanyImpact on Germany

►Germany crippled by the Treaty of Germany crippled by the Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

►Collapse of the MonarchyCollapse of the Monarchy November 9, 1918: Kaiser Wilhelm (William) II November 9, 1918: Kaiser Wilhelm (William) II

abdicates throneabdicates throne November 11, 1918: Germany negotiates for November 11, 1918: Germany negotiates for

an armistice to end the fighting of WWIan armistice to end the fighting of WWI Plans for a new, democratic government Plans for a new, democratic government

beginsbegins►Collapse of the German economyCollapse of the German economy

Massive Inflation, money virtually worthlessMassive Inflation, money virtually worthless

Kaiser William II Friedrich Ebert, 1st President of Weimar Republic

Paul von HindenburgPaul von HindenburgPresident of the Weimar President of the Weimar

RepublicRepublic

Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

►Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic: Germany’s : Germany’s government created after WWIgovernment created after WWI Democratic governmentDemocratic government Constitution modeled after that of the U.S.Constitution modeled after that of the U.S. President given excess powerPresident given excess power

►Article 48Article 48: gives President power to suspend : gives President power to suspend constitution in times of crisis, dissolve constitution in times of crisis, dissolve parliament (Reichstag) and call for emergency parliament (Reichstag) and call for emergency electionselections

Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

►Germany’s economy in bad shapeGermany’s economy in bad shape 1923: massive inflation1923: massive inflation

►It would take over 4 trillion German marks It would take over 4 trillion German marks (currency) to purchase 1 American dollar.(currency) to purchase 1 American dollar.

Slight recovery in mid to late-1920’sSlight recovery in mid to late-1920’s 1929: Stock Market Crash in U.S. leads to 1929: Stock Market Crash in U.S. leads to

Great Depression….Germany hit hardGreat Depression….Germany hit hard►Germany was relying on the U.S. for loans. U.S. Germany was relying on the U.S. for loans. U.S.

economic problems carry over to Germany.economic problems carry over to Germany.►Germany had highest unemployment rate in Germany had highest unemployment rate in

EuropeEurope

Rise of the Nazi PartyRise of the Nazi Party

►Germany’s poor economy contributed to the Germany’s poor economy contributed to the rise of the Nazi Party (National Socialist rise of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers’ Party)German Workers’ Party)

►Nazi Party Platform: (25 Points)Nazi Party Platform: (25 Points) Socialism: government control of certain aspects Socialism: government control of certain aspects

of the economy for the benefit of the peopleof the economy for the benefit of the people Extreme nationalismExtreme nationalism Racism and Anti-SemitismRacism and Anti-Semitism Revenge for the Treaty of Versailles and “Stab in Revenge for the Treaty of Versailles and “Stab in

the Back”the Back” Expansion of German influence, imperialismExpansion of German influence, imperialism

Self-Determination???Self-Determination???

► Ethnic groups (and Wilson) called for self-Ethnic groups (and Wilson) called for self-determination for the ethnic groups living in determination for the ethnic groups living in former empires of Europeformer empires of Europe

► Austria and Hungary were broken into Austria and Hungary were broken into separate nationsseparate nations

► Poland was created Poland was created ► Czechoslovakia was created by combining Czechoslovakia was created by combining

the Slovaks and the Czechsthe Slovaks and the Czechs► Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were created Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were created

by taking lands from Russiaby taking lands from Russia

A New MapA New Map

The Mandate SystemThe Mandate System

►Territories of the former Ottoman Territories of the former Ottoman Empire were to be administered by the Empire were to be administered by the League of NationsLeague of Nations Known as Known as Mandate SystemMandate System Former German colonies in the Pacific Former German colonies in the Pacific

were also part of this systemwere also part of this system