Exercicio Ingles Instrumental 3

7/29/2019 Exercicio Ingles Instrumental 3

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Faculdades HoylerCurso de Sistemas de Informao

Ingls Instrumental I

Digital computers can be divided into many types, depending on their size andpower: they are workstations, mainframes, minicomputers, desktop PCs, laptops and

handheld computers.Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available.

Supercomputers are very expensive and are used for specialized applications that require 5immense amounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching), for example, weatherforecasting, scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, nuclear energy research, electronicdesign, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting).

Mainframe was a term originally referring to the cabinet containing the centralprocessor unit or "main frame" of a room-filling Stone Age machine. The chief difference 10between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a supercomputer channels all its powerinto executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power toexecute many programs concurrently. The term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor ofenterprise server. You'll still hear the term used, particularly in large companies to describe

the huge machines processing millions of transactions every day. 15A workstation is a type of computer used for engineering applications (CAD/CAM),

desktop publishing, software development, and other types of applications. Workstationsgenerally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, a large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface.

Minicomputers are midsize computers. In the past decade, the distinction 20between large minicomputers and small mainframes was blurred, however, as was thedistinction between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer isa multiprocessing system capable of supporting from up to 200 users simultaneously. Thedistinction between small mainframes and minicomputers is vague, depending on how themanufacturer wants to market its machines. 25

PCs carry out their processing on a single microchip. They are used as personalcomputers in the home or as workstations for a group. Most people relate the term withsystems that run the Windows operating system. PCs were first known as microcomputersbecause they were a complete computer but built on a smaller scale than the huge systemsin use by most businesses. There two classes of personal computers: (a) desktop 30PCs which are designed to be placed on your desk, and (b) portable PCs.

Portable computers include notebook and subnotebook computers, hand-heldcomputers, palmtops, and PDAs (short for portable digital assistant). A laptop is a small,portable computer -- small enough that it can sit on your lap. Nowadays, laptop computersare more frequently called notebook computers. A Subnotebook computer is 35slightly lighter and smaller than a full-sized notebook computer. Palmtops are tightlyintegrated computers that often use flash memory instead of a hard drive for storage. These

computers usually do not have keyboards but use touchscreen technology for user input.Palmtops that use a pen rather than a keyboard for input are often called hand-heldcomputers or PDAs . They are used as PC computers or as electronic organizers for 40storing notes, reminders and addresses.

The latest trend in computing is wearable computers. Essentially, commoncomputer applications (e-mail, database, multimedia, calendar/scheduler) are integrated intowatches, cell phones, visors and even clothing!

SupercomputersMinicomputer

MainframesWorkstationsPersonal Computers

Least powerful Most powerful


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Vocabulary:Main, chief = principaisDepend on = depender de

Size = tamanhoPower = potnciaBroad = amplo, geralTo channel = canalizarnowadays = atualmenteup to = atFull-sized = tamanho grandeShare = compartilhar

Carry out = realizarSingle = nicoDesign = projetar

tightly = de forma compactaReminder = lembretesoften = frequentementeRather than = ao invs detrend = tendnciasmall enough = pequeno o suficiente

to be blurred = ficar difusato market = colocar no mercado

A partir da leitura do texto acima, nomeie os computadores abaixo:

_________________________ ________________________


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______________________________

____________________________

Nomeie as partes abaixo em Ingls empregando palavras do quadro:

Encontre nos pargrafos do texto, os trechos abaixo:

a. ( l. ____-____) O nome desse tipo de computador refere-se a um gabinete ou armrio onde ficava o CPU ou a

uma mquina da idade da pedra que ocupava at salas inteiras.

b. ( l. ____-____) Estes computadores no tm teclados, o acesso do usurio se d atravs de tecnologia

touchscreen.

c. ( l. ____-____) Neste tipo de computadores, aplicativos comuns como e-mails, multimdia, agendaesto integrados no relgio, celular, e at mesmo a outros acessrios do vesturio.


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d. (l.____-_____) Estes computadores, realizam seu processamento num nico chip, podem ser usadosem casa ou na companhia.

Assinale a alternativa correta para completar cada

frase:According to the text,

a. a mainframe computer is less powerful than a

minicomputer.

b. A mainframe is more powerful than a minicomputer.

Mainframe computers are used by,

a. executives and businessmen

c. large organizations that need to process enormous

amounts of data.

The most suitable computers for home use are

a. minicomputers

b. desktop PCs

Handheld computers are

a. small enough to fit into the palm of one hand.

b. Bigger than laptops.

Olhando o quadro ao lado, sublinhe as palavras ou

expresses que especificam classificao:

There are three basic types of portable computers: (a) laptops, which

run as fast as desktop PCs; (b) notebooks, which are as tiny as a

notebook, and (c) handheld computers, which are used as Personal

Digital Assistants . Some handheld PCs are hybrids, consisting of a

phone and a PDA. Others include a small keyboard and a stylus to input

data.

Leia as frases abaixo e identifique todos os padres

de classificao, distribuindo-os depois na coluna correta:

a. There are two classes of personal computers: (a)

desktop PCs, and (b) portable PCs.

b. A computer system consists of two parts: hadware and

software.

Classifying expressions...

Classificar significa agrupar coisas em classes.Por exemplo, classificamos esportes, programasde TV, tipos de msica, etc. Este recurso tambm comum em computao.Classificamos do mais geral para o maisespecfico. Por exemplo, dizemos quecomputadores (geral) podem ser divididos emcinco tipos: mainframes, mini-computers, desktopPCs, laptops, handheld computers (especficos).Podemos tambm fazer uma classificao do

mais especfico para o mais geral. Podemos dizerque a laptop (especfico) is a type of computer(geral).

Expresses usadas para classificar do geralpara o especfico:... consists of ... comprises... is made up of ... includes... is composed of

... can be classified classes

... may be divided into types

... are categorized groups

typesThere are X kinds of...

classescategories

Expresses usadas para classificar doespecfico para o geral: traffic ( trnsito emingls, trfico em portugus )

a type of... is / are an example of

a kind ofpartscomponents

... constitute ... make up ...from


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c. The basic structure of a PC is made up of

three hadware sections: the CPU, the main

memory and the peripherals.

d. The Control Unit, the ALU and the

registers make up the CPU of a computer.

e. The RAM and Rom constitute the main

memory.

f. A DVD is a type of disk.

From general to specific From specific to general

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Exercicio Ingles Instrumental 3