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Explorations
eToolkitePresentations Interactive Teacher’s
Lesson Guide
Algorithms Practice
EM FactsWorkshop Game™
AssessmentManagement
Family Letters
CurriculumFocal Points
Common Core State Standards
132 Unit 2 Addition and Subtraction Facts
Advance PreparationCollect classroom objects that weigh
1
_ 2 ounce to 8 ounces, such as a student tape measure (
1
_ 2 oz),
a 2-inch binder clip (1 oz), a calculator (2 to 4 oz), a card deck (3 oz), a large pair of scissors (5 oz),
a mug (6 oz), a full pad of lined paper (7 oz), and small paperback books (4 to 8 oz).
Teacher’s Reference Manual, Grades 1–3 pp. 90, 91, 161
Key Concepts and Skills• Recognize odd and even numbers. [Number and Numeration Goal 4]
• Use repeated addition to solve equal groups problems.
[Operations and Computation Goal 4]
• Use a spring scale to weigh objects that are about 1 pound.
[Measurement and Reference Frames Goal 1]
• Use a pan balance to model the relationship between two objects.
[Patterns, Functions, and Algebra Goal 2]
Key ActivitiesExploration A: Children compare weights of objects and choose a combination of
selected objects that weighs about 1 pound.
Exploration B: Children sort dominoes according to even and odd numbers of dots.
Exploration C: Children explore making equal groups of objects and finding the total.
Ongoing Assessment: Recognizing Student Achievement Use Mental Math and Reflexes. [Patterns, Functions, and Algebra Goal 1]
Ongoing Assessment: Informing Instruction See page 135.
Key Vocabularyounce � pound � pan balance � heavier � lighter � in balance � spring scale
MaterialsHome Link 2�7
number grid or Math Masters, p. 416
half-sheet of paper � tape measure � 10 pennies
Exploration A: Per group:
Math Journal 1, p. 39
pan balance � spring scale � plastic bag � objects weighing between 1
_ 2 oz and 8 oz
Exploration B: Per group:
Math Masters, pp. 36A–36D
1 set double-nine dominoes
Exploration C: Per partnership:
Math Masters, p. 37
6 quarter-sheets of paper � 1 six-sided die � 36 counters � 1 sheet of plain paper
Playing Beat the CalculatorMath Journal 1, p. 24
My Reference Book, pp. 124 and
calculator
Math Boxes 2�8Math Journal 1, p. 40
Home Link 2�8Math Masters, pp. 38 and 39
READINESS
Comparing Weightpan balance � objects weighing between
1
_ 2 oz and 8 oz
ENRICHMENTEstimating Weightspring scale � objects weighing between
1
_ 2 oz and 8 oz
EXTRA PRACTICE
Minute Math +
Minute Math ®+, pp. 61 and 62
Teaching the Lesson Ongoing Learning & Practice
132
4
Differentiation Options
Exploring Weights and Scales, Odd and Even Patterns, and Equal Groups
Objective To guide children as they explore weight using a
pan balance and spring scale, investigate odd and even
patterns, and find the total number of objects in equal groups.
������
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Lesson 2�8 133
Getting Started
Math Message Which is heavier—1 ounce or 1 pound? 1 pound
Do you think your calculator weighs more than 1 pound or less than 1 pound? Less than 1 pound
Home Link 2�7 Follow-Up Ask children how they used the Fact Triangles to practice facts with someone at home. Remind children that the Fact Triangles can help them develop fact power, which makes it easier to solve problems.
Mental Math and Reflexes �On a half-sheet of paper, ask children to use the number grid to find the number of spaces from one number to another. Have children demonstrate how they found their answers. Suggestions:
What is the number of spaces from:
12 to 22? 10
23 to 44? 21
46 to 32? 14
1 Teaching the Lesson
� Math Message Follow-Up WHOLE-CLASSDISCUSSION
Discuss children’s answers. Say that ounces and pounds are different units of weight, just as inches and miles are different units of length. In the United States, short objects are measured in inches, and long distances are measured in miles. Light things are weighed in ounces, and heavy things are weighed in pounds.When discussing weight, children should have opportunities to hold different weights and compare them with one another. For example, each child should hold an object that weighs a pound and then one that weighs an ounce. Have children compare and discuss the weights of the two objects.
� Demonstrating the Pan Balance WHOLE-CLASS ACTIVITY
Place two objects of different weights in the pans on the pan balance. The pan with the heavier object will go down. The pan with the lighter object will go up. Ask children when they have heard the words light and lighter before and discuss their meanings. Make sure to clarify the meaning of light and lighter in the context of this lesson. Point out that the balance does not have numbers on it like a bath scale.
Ongoing Assessment: Mental Math
and Reflexes�Recognizing Student Achievement
Use Mental Math and Reflexes to assess children’s ability to use counting
patterns on the number grid. Children are making adequate progress if they
are able to find the answers using the number grid counting by ones. Some
children may be able to count using tens and ones and still others may be
able to find the answer using mental math.
[Patterns, Functions, and Algebra Goal 1]
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134 Unit 2 Addition and Subtraction Facts
A pair of scissors weighs more than a calculator.
calculatorscissors
Using a Pan Balance and a Spring ScaleLESSON
2 � 8
Date Time
Weighing Things with a Pan Balance
1. Pick two objects. Which feels heavier?
2. Put one of these objects in the left panof the pan balance.
3. Put the other object in the right pan.
4. Show what happened on one of the pan-balance pictures.
� Write the names of the objectson the pan-balance picture.
� Draw a circle around the panwith the heavier object.
5. Repeat with other pairs of objects.
Weighing Things with a Spring Scale
1. Which is heavier: 1 ounce or 1 pound?
2. How many ounces are in 1 pound?
3. Put objects in the plastic bag on the spring scale.
4. Weigh them. Try to get a total weight of about 1 pound.
5. List the objects in the bag that weigh a total of about 1 pound.
clipscissorscalculatormugSample answers:
16 ounces1 pound
Answers vary.scissors
pencil
Math Journal 1, p. 39
Student PagePlace a student tape measure in one pan. Slowly add pennies to the other pan until the pans are in balance. (A student tape measure weighs about the same as 10 pennies.) Say that when the pans are equally balanced like this, the objects in the two pans are about the same weight.
� Demonstrating the Spring Scale WHOLE-CLASS ACTIVITY
Show children the marks and numbers on the spring scale. Say that they are like the marks and numbers on a bath scale that show weight in pounds. A spring scale, however, is usually used with objects that weigh less than a pound. Numbers on a spring scale represent ounces, not pounds.
Place an object that weighs more than 1 pound (for example, a book) in a plastic bag and hang the bag from the spring scale. The scale marker is pulled down to the bottom. The object is too heavy for this scale because it weighs more than 1 pound.
Pull the hook on the spring scale down until the marker is at 16 ounces. Say that this is what a 1-pound weight would do. Say that ounces are lighter than pounds, and there are 16 ounces in a pound.
Hang a pair of scissors on the scale. This time the scale marker moves down part of the way, but not all the way to the bottom. Read the number next to the marker and tell the class how many ounces the pair of scissors weighs. Point out that the plastic bag is necessary for weighing objects that cannot be hung easily on the scale (like books).
� Exploration A: Using a Pan SMALL-GROUP ACTIVITY
Balance and a Spring Scale(Math Journal 1, p. 39)
Help children understand the directions on the journal page. Explain that they will use the pan balance to compare the weights of objects and then use the spring scale to weigh various items.
First, have children select two objects from the set you have collected. They hold the objects and estimate which is heavier. Then they use the pan balance to verify their estimates, recording their findings on journal page 39. For example, to record that a pair of student scissors weighs more than a pencil, children draw a picture of scissors or write “scissors” in the lower pan and draw a pencil or write “pencil” in the higher pan.
Next, have children hang a plastic bag from the hook on the spring scale. Children fill the bag with various objects, trying to find a combination that weighs about 1 pound. For example, a 6 oz mug, a 4 oz calculator, a 5 oz pair of scissors, and a 1 oz binder clip weigh about 16 oz, or 1 pound. Children record their work on the journal page.
Links to the Future
In this lesson, children use a pan balance to
compare weights of different objects. Some
children may be able to transfer the work
with the actual pan balances into pictorial
representations in Lesson 2-9. These pan
balance activities begin exposure to using a
pan balance model to solve simple equations,
which is a Grade 5 Goal.
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Lesson 2�8 135
Name Date Time
Odd and Even Domino SortLESSON
2�8
Materials □ Math Masters, pages 36A–36D
□ 1 set of double-nine dominoes
Directions
1. Work with your group. Sort the dominoes into three piles.
� Make one pile of all the dominoes with an even number of dots on both sides.
� Make another pile of all the dominoes with an odd number of dots on both sides.
� Make a third pile of all the dominoes with an even number of dots on one side and an odd number of dots on the other side.
2. Record the dominoes in each pile on the correct record sheet. Write the number of dots on each side of every domino. Record the sum for each domino.
Example:
both even both odd one odd, one even
3. Look at the sums on each record sheet. Talk with your group about any patterns you notice. Be prepared to share with the class whatever patterns you see.
2 4 7 1 3 0
EM3MM_G2_U02_025-055.indd 36A 12/29/10 11:18 AM
Math Masters, p. 36A
Teaching Master
Work with a partner.
Materials � 1 six-sided die
� 1 sheet of plain paper
� 36 counters (for example, pennies, centimetercubes, or dried beans)
� 6 quarter-sheets of paper
Directions
Pretend that the quarter-sheets of paper are birds’ nests.
Pretend that the pennies, cubes, or beans are eggs.
1. Roll the die twice.
� The first roll tells how many nests to use.
� The second roll tells how many eggs to put ineach nest.
2. Work together to set up the nests and eggs for thenumbers you rolled. How many eggs are there in all ofthe nests?
3. Use your sheet of plain paper and draw a picture.
� Show all the nests.
� Show all the eggs in each nest.
4. Start again. Repeat Steps 1–3.
LESSON
2�8
Name Date Time
Egg Nests
Math Masters, p. 37
Teaching Master
� Exploration B: Finding Rules for SMALL-GROUP ACTIVITY
Adding Even and Odd Numbers(Math Masters, pp. 36A–36D)
Each group should have one copy of Math Masters, pages 36A–36C; two copies of Math Masters, page 36D; and one set of 55 dominoes. Review the directions on Math Masters, page 36A with children. Group members work together to sort dominoes into three categories: dominoes with an even number of dots on both sides, dominoes with an odd number of dots on both sides, and dominoes with an odd number of dots on one side and an even number of dots on the other. Children find the sums for the domino parts and record their results on the appropriate Math Masters page.
There are 15 dominoes with even numbers on both sides, 15 with odd numbers on both sides, and 25 with both even and odd numbers.
Have children discuss any patterns they find, first in their groups and then together as a class. Children should notice that when you add two even numbers the sum is always even, when you add two odd numbers the sum is always even, and when you add an even number and an odd number the sum is always odd.
� Exploration C: Making Equal PARTNER ACTIVITY
Groups of Objects(Math Masters, p. 37)
Partners follow instructions on Math Masters, page 37 to make “nests” that hold the same number of “eggs.” This activity develops the basic concept of multiplication. This is the first exposure in second grade to the concept of multiplication.
Ongoing Assessment: Informing Instruction
Watch how children answer the question “How many eggs are in all the nests?”
Most will use repeated addition. For example, if there are 4 nests with 3 eggs in
each nest, they will answer 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12. Make note of children who
think in terms of multiplication and answer 4 × 3 = 12 or 4 [3s] equals 12.
2 Ongoing Learning & Practice
� Playing Beat the Calculator SMALL-GROUP ACTIVITY
(Math Journal 1, p. 24; My Reference Book,
pp. 124 and 125)
See My Reference Book, pages 124 and 125 for directions. Children play Beat the Calculator to develop their recall of addition facts. They should record the facts for which they can beat the calculator by making a check mark in the box of that fact.
Links to the Future
Children will further explore the concept of
multiplication in later units in Grade 2.
Multiplication facts will be formally introduced
in units 11 and 12.
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136 Unit 2 Addition and Subtraction Facts
Name Date Time
Today we worked with a pan balance to compare the weights of objects. We used a springscale to weigh objects up to 1 pound. We introduced the word ounce as a unit of weight forlight objects.
Please return the second page of this Home Link to school tomorrow.
FamilyNote
1. Tell someone at home about how you used the panbalance to compare the weights of two objects.
2. Tell someone at home how you used the spring scale to weigh objects.
HOME LINK
2�8 Weighing Things
Math Masters, p. 38
Home Link Master
Math Boxes LESSON
2 �8
Date Time
1. Fill in the missing numbers.
3. Write the sums.
10 + 7 = 10 + =12
= 10 + 20
= 10 + 41
6. What time is it?
:
What time will it be in 15 minutes?
:
4. Write these numbers in order from smallest to largest. Circle the smallest number and draw a box around the largest number.
243, 156, 326, 256
, , ,
5. Put an X on the digit in the tens place in each number.
362 1,043
1,209 596
13 °F
50
60
70
Unit
12 12
3
4567
8
9
1011
10
2. What temperature is it? Fill in the circle next to the best answer.
A 61
B 62
C 64
D 78
12 14
172
3051 156 243 256 326
233343
9
9
15
30
EM3cuG2MJ1_U02_21_52.indd 40 1/10/11 10:14 AM
Math Journal 1, p. 40
Student Page
When they receive three check marks next to a particular fact, they can write the sum in that box to indicate that the fact has been mastered. The Caller should select problems at random from the white area of the fact power table.
Playing this game frequently will help children develop automaticity with basic addition facts. See Teacher’s Reference Manual, pages 195–199 for other suggestions to help children gain addition fact power.
� Math Boxes 2�8 INDEPENDENTACTIVITY
(Math Journal 1, p. 40)
Mixed Practice Math Boxes in this lesson are paired with Math Boxes in Lesson 2-6. The skills in Problems 5 and 6 preview Unit 3 content.
Writing/Reasoning Have children draw, write, or verbalize their answers to the following: Describe any patterns you see in the number grid piece in Problem 1. Sample answer:
Each time I go down the number in the ones place remains the same. The number in the tens place increases by one.
� Home Link 2�8 INDEPENDENTACTIVITY
(Math Masters, pp. 38 and 39)
Home Connection Children tell someone at home how they used a pan balance and a spring scale. They compare the weights of objects and determine which objects in a group weigh less than 1 pound.
Date Time
Fact Power TableLESSON
2 �2
0+ 0
0+ 1
0+ 2
0+ 3
0+ 4
0+ 5
0+ 6
0+ 7
0+ 8
0+ 9
1
+ 0
1+ 1
1+ 2
1+ 3
1+ 4
1+ 5
1+ 6
1+ 7
1+ 8
1+ 9
2
+ 0
2+ 1
2+ 2
2+ 3
2+ 4
2+ 5
2+ 6
2+ 7
2+ 8
2+ 9
3
+ 0
3+ 1
3+ 2
3+ 3
3+ 4
3+ 5
3+ 6
3+ 7
3+ 8
3+ 9
4
+ 0
4+ 1
4+ 2
4+ 3
4+ 4
4+ 5
4+ 6
4+ 7
4+ 8
4+ 9
5
+ 0
5+ 1
5+ 2
5+ 3
5+ 4
5+ 5
5+ 6
5+ 7
5+ 8
5+ 9
6
+ 0
6+ 1
6+ 2
6+ 3
6+ 4
6+ 5
6+ 6
6+ 7
6+ 8
6+ 9
7
+ 0
7+ 1
7+ 2
7+ 3
7+ 4
7+ 5
7+ 6
7+ 7
7+ 8
7+ 9
8
+ 0
8+ 1
8+ 2
8+ 3
8+ 4
8+ 5
8+ 6
8+ 7
8+ 8
8+ 9
9+ 0
9+ 1
9+ 2
9+ 3
9+ 4
9+ 5
9+ 6
9+ 7
9+ 8
9+ 9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9
1
2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9
10
2
3
4
5
6 7 8 9
10
11
3
4
5
6 7 8 9
10
11
12
4
5
6 7 8 9
10
11
12
13
5
6 7 8 9
10
11
12
13
14
6 7 8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
7 8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
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Math Journal 1, p. 24
Student Page
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3 Differentiation Options
READINESS PARTNER ACTIVITY
� Comparing Weight 5–15 Min
To explore the concept of weight, have children compare the weights of objects. Each partner may select two items to hold, one in each hand, and say which one feels lighter or heavier, and which are balanced. The items can be weighed in a pan balance to check their responses.
ENRICHMENT INDEPENDENTACTIVITY
� Estimating Weight 5–15 Min
To apply children’s understanding of concepts of weight, have children write an estimate of the weight of an object and then weigh it with a spring scale. As the activity proceeds, the estimates may get closer to the actual weight. This activity will help improve estimating skills.
EXTRA PRACTICE SMALL-GROUP ACTIVITY
� Minute Math + 5–15 Min
To offer children more experience with time, weight, length, volume, and area, see the following pages in Minute Math+: pp. 61 and 62.
Lesson 2�8 137
3. Look at the pairs of objects below. In each pair, circle the object that you think is heavier.
a. b. c.
4. Look at the objects below. Circle the objects that you think weigh less than 1 pound.
Sock
Name Date Time
HOME LINK
2�8 Weighing Things continued
Shoe Feather
Marble
lPencil
Pattern-Block TemplateScissors Egg
Chair
Glasses
Brick Tape Measure
EM3MM_G2_U02_025-055.indd 39 10/5/10 12:51 PM
Math Masters, p. 39
Home Link Master
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Name Date Time
Copyright
© W
right
Gro
up/M
cG
raw
-Hill
36A
Odd and Even Domino SortLESSON
2�8
Materials □ Math Masters, pages 36A–36D
□ 1 set of double-nine dominoes
Directions
1. Work with your group. Sort the dominoes into three piles.
� Make one pile of all the dominoes with an even number of dots on both sides.
� Make another pile of all the dominoes with an odd number of dots on both sides.
� Make a third pile of all the dominoes with an even number of dots on one side and an odd number of dots on the other side.
2. Record the dominoes in each pile on the correct record sheet. Write the number of dots on each side of every domino. Record the sum for each domino.
Example:
both even both odd one odd, one even
3. Look at the sums on each record sheet. Talk with your group about any patterns you notice. Be prepared to share with the class whatever patterns you see.
2 4 7 1 3 0
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Name Date Time
Copyrig
ht ©
Wrig
ht G
roup/M
cG
raw
-Hill
36B
Domino Sort Record Sheet (Both Even)LESSON
2�8
Record the dominoes you sorted.
both even
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Name Date Time
Copyright
© W
right
Gro
up/M
cG
raw
-Hill
Domino Sort Record Sheet (Both Odd)
36C
LESSON
2�8
Record the dominoes you sorted.
both odd
EM3MM_G2_U02_025-055.indd 36CEM3MM_G2_U02_025-055.indd 36C 1/5/11 2:34 PM1/5/11 2:34 PM
Name Date Time
Copyrig
ht ©
Wrig
ht G
roup/M
cG
raw
-Hill
Domino Sort Record Sheet (Odd and Even)LESSON
2�8
36D
Record the dominoes you sorted.
one odd, one even
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