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Portfolio of selected works completed during my academic years in Landscape Architecture at the American University of Beirut
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SELECTED PROJECTS
CONTENTS
A TALE THROUGH A TRAIL
BOURJ HAMMOUD’S NEW SPORTS PARK
Analysis and Master Planning in KhiamFinal Year Project
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6
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Analysis and Detailed Design in Bourj HammoudYear Three, Semester One
Vertical Wall Installation in CampusYear One, Semester Two
Land Art Installation in CampusYear Two, Semester Two
GREEN VERTICAL WALL
A SPACE IN SPACE
INSTALLATIONS
THE POWER OF SKETCHING
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SELECTED PROJECTS
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1 A T A L E T H R O U G H A T R A I LHERITAGE CONSERVATION AND LANDSCAPE APPRECIATION IN KHIAM
INTRODUCTION
A Tale Through A Trail is a project based in one of the histori-cal villages in South Lebanon, Khiam, located directly on the borders with conquered Palestine and 6 Km away from the Syr-ian borders. Having this specific location, different groups of people have passed, lived, or temporarily stayed in Khiam for various reasons, whether it is for trading, immigration, or during military attacks. Consequently Khiam became a point of inter-est for many peoples who during several historical events have left their prints either on historical landmarks still existing in Khiam or in the stories still shared by the citizens of this village. Having historical landmarks still existing since WW2 and significant landscapes, the project aims to invite people to Khiam, appreciate its landscapes, and indulge in its his-tory through a network of trails that connects the historical structures and highlights main view ports to the unique landscapes. Different activities are proposed at specific nodes of the trails that emphasize the main landscape and historical events relating to the area.
The project took two phases. The first phase was focused on applying a detailed anaylsis on the history of Khiam and pro-posing a regional trail that connects to a network of four local trails in Khiam: The Khiami Community Trail, Al Ain Floating Trail, Sahil Al Khiam Trail of Life, and The Military Trail. The second phase zoomed in to a section of The Military Trail in Khiam where a more detailed design was proposed following a specific strategy that related to the history of the area.
KHIAM
Map of Lebanon
Beirut
Marjaayoun
Kfar Kila
Deir Mimas
BlatHasbaya
Kfar Chouba
P A L E S T I N E
Chebaa
S Y R
I A
Marjaayoun
KHIAMKHIAM22 Km2
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SECTION SHOWING THE GENERAL LANDFORm OF THE REGION FROm WEST TO EASTREGIONAL mAP
KHIAm LANDSCAPE TyPOLOGIES
Shki
f Cas
tle
Layt
ani R
iver
El Q
laia
a Vi
llage
Khia
m M
eado
w
Khia
m V
illage
Has
bani
Riv
er
Al M
ari M
eado
w
Kfar
Cho
uba
Villa
ge
Mou
nt H
erm
on
Agricultural Lands
Rocky Dry Hills
Urbanized Land
Land Rich In Water
KHIAM
KHIAM
98
English Military Airport (1942)
Khiam Prison (1933)
Military Blocks (1940s)
English Hospital (1942)
Tell Dibbine (1942)
Beaufort Castle (1100s)
Qalaat Hasbaya (1100s)
Military Defence Structures (1940s)
1978 2013
MARJAYOUN
HASBAYA
KAOUKABA
BLAT
AIN QINAI
KFAR SHOUBA
CHEBAA
EL AAICHIYE
KFAR TIBNIT
EL QLAIAA
KFAR KILA
DEIR MIMESS
EL TAIBE
Litani River
Hasb
ani R
iver
Wazani R
iver
KHIAM M O U N T H E R M O N
Water Mill (1910s)
P A L E S T I N E S Y R I AmAPPING OF THE HISTORICAL LANDmARKS IN THE REGION
STRATEGY
The strategy used to draw the trails was done on two levels. The first was on the regional scale that narrows down to the second level being the local scale where the trails become more defined. Starting with the regional scale, a detailed study was applied on the historical demographic movements that happened across the region. The historical tracks were then overlaid with the existing roads layer in order to define the regional track that provides the main entry points to the local trails.
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NEOLITHIC PERIOD 1100s - 1900s 1900 - 1950 1950 - 2000 21st CENTURY
Palestine Coast (1675B.C.)
Palestinians(1948)
English (1940s) Israelis (1978)
North Syria (1675B.C.) French (1933) Villagers (1978 - 1982)
Salah El Dinne1178
Israelis (2000)
Villagers (2006)
P A L E S T I N E S Y R I A P A L E S T I N E S Y R I A P A L E S T I N E S Y R I A P A L E S T I N E S Y R I A
EXISTING ROADS ImmIGRATION mOVEmENTS mILITARy mOVEmENTS PROPOSED REGIONAL TRAIL
HISTORICAL DEmOGRAPHIC mOVEmENTS TImELINE
REGIONAL TRAIL PROPOSITION bASED ON OVERLAyING HISTORICAL TRACKS WITH THE EXISTING ROADS
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REGIONAL ROADS TyPOLOGIES
Primary Roads
Khiam (1992)Khiam (1983)Marjaayoun (1940s)
1940s Roads and Trails
Historical Map (1940s)
Secondary RoadsAncient Trails
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LEGENDVehicular RoadsIrrigation PipesTrail And Water CanalTrail TreesDardara SpringWater ReservoirPondsEntry Points
Parkings
2Km1Km0.5Km0
MASTER PLAN
The master plan shows four main trails on the local scale, each describing a different landscape and telling a different story about the history of Khiam. Four interesting nodes on main intersections of the trails were defined as potential stopping points. The second step was to choose one of the nodes in order to go into the design phase.
The Khiami Community Trail
Al Ain Floating Trail
Sahil Al Khiam Trail of Life
The military Trail
mASTERPLAN mILITARy TRAIL DESIGN FOCUS AREAmASTER PLAN
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THE KHIAmI COmmUNITy TRAIL
Distance: 8 km • Estimated Walking Time: 90 mins • Estimated Biking Time: 30 minsDistance: 10 km • Estimated Walking Time: 120 mins • Estimated Biking Time: 40 mins
Distance: 18 km • Estimated Walking Time: 215 mins • Estimated Biking Time: 70 mins Distance: 10 km • Estimated Walking Time: 120 mins • Estimated Biking Time: 40 mins
Activities
Trail mood
Existing Character
Walking Sightseeing Open Views Stopping Points
biking2
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1
Activities
Trail mood
Existing CharacterSAHIL AL KHIAm TRAIL OF LIFE
Jogging Looking at Water Percents
Sightseeing biking
1
1
2
2
Activities
Trail mood
AL AIN FLOATING TRAIL
Walking Looking at Water Percents
Jogging biking
Existing Character
1
1
2
2
Activities
Trail mood
Existing Character
Camping Hiking Sightseeing mountain biking
THE mILITARy TRAIL
1
1
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SUMMER WINTERFALL SPRING
1
44
2
32
1
3
FRENCH mILITARy CIRCULATION STRATEGy
mILITARy TRAIL DESIGN PLAN
DESIGN STRATEGY
ZOOm IN
On the scale of the military blocks trail, a strategy was developed to draw the trail following the strategy that was used by the French to build the military blocks and bunkers. Military blocks were built on low points from where military tanks used to pass in order to block their ways. On the high points were built the bunkers from where the military circulation was ob-served. The trail proposed connects the military blocks with the military bunkers through steep slopes and provides view-ing ports at the bunkers to illustrate their main use. At the military blocks the trail goes in between those structures where the paths become enclosed and narrow to give the feel of obstruction and the dif-ficulty to move. 0 125 m 250 m 500 m
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* VP: Viewing Platform * bV: bunker View * SA: Seating Area
WINTER SPRING SUMMER FALL
0 25 m 50 m 100 m
ZOOmING IN TO ONE STRECTH OF THE mILITARy TRAIL
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
Since the site is located in a ru-ral area, it required sensitivity in design. The design was thus inspired from different aspects on site such as the change of foliage during the seasons, the textures and contrasts on site, and the different levels. The main objectives of the design were to distinguish the military blocks, highlight the way the bunkers were used as viewing platforms, and give the visitor different experiences passing through the olive trees, military blocks, pine forest, and the steep rocky hills.
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Chrysanthemum segetum Urginea maritima Poterium spinosum
CONTRASTS ON SITE PLANT SELECTION
The design at the military blocks aimed to highlight those structures. The design proposes a selection of groundcovers around the military blocks creating a contrast between the greyish color of the blocks and the green yellowish foliage of the plants. The plants were selected according to what is already found on site as well as the existing contrasts.
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TEXTURES ON SITE mATERIAL SELECTION
Corten Steel Concrete Slabs Red Soil
Materials were chosen according to the different existing textures on site. Corten steel was used to highlight structures where the visitor needs to stop and look at a specific view. Concrete slabs were used to create a contrast between the reddish color of the soil and the white color of the slabs. Red soil was used to mark the trail.
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1918
CONCLUSION
Done on a large scale, this project was a great challenge for me. This challenge taught me how to use large-scale analysis and narrow it down into a strategy that would be then used in the design. Another challenge I faced was practicing a new field in Landscape Architecture, which is rural development. The project gave me the chance to see a totally new perspective of design, designing with sensitivity. Located in a rural area, I learned how to be very selective in the materials, forms, colors, and textures used in the design. Consequently, I learned how those elements could really affect a design. In brief, this project was a huge turning point in my academic life. It added a lot to my knowledge in the field and made me understand better the essence of Landscape Architecture.
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BOURJ HAMMOUD
Beirut
Map of Lebanon
BOURJ HAMMOUD
Beirut
Sin El Fil
Dekouanah
2.5 Km2
Located at a close distance from Beirut, Bourj Hammoud is one of the most diverse neighbourhoods in Lebanon. Due to several historical events, different groups of people set-tled in Bourj Hammoud making it a home for people from various religions, nationalities, and sectors. Today most of the people who live in Bourj Hammoud are Armenians since they were the first people who inhabited the neigh-bourhood. Other nationalities that inhabit Bourj Hammoud are Egyptians, Ethiopians, Indians, Syrians, along with Lebanese people and other nationalities.
The project focuses on analyzing the history of Bourj Hammoud which once was a mixed neighbourhood with a desirable waterfront where people used to gather, and turned in to a segregated neighbourhood with a highway cutting in the middle separating the residential area from the industrial area making it harder for people to cross to the beach. Other than the highway, after the civil war peo-ple accumulated their wastes in a landfill on the seashore making it polluted and undesirable for people to visit. In an attempt to reconnect Bourj Hammoud, the project pro-poses a recreational park in one of the chosen plots that would invite people from both the industrial and the residential areas to gather and spend time away from the crowded and polluted surrounding.
2 BOURJ HAMMOUD’S NEW SPORTS PARKRECONNECTING THE COMMUNITIES OF BOURJ HAMMOUD NEIGHBORHOOD
INTRODUCTION
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W.C.
Snacks
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1 FISHERmEN PORT AND THE LANDFILL
2 VIEW FROm THE LANDFILL TO SOUTH bOURJ HAmmOUD
3 VIEW FROm THE LANDFILL TO FISHERmEN PORT AERIAL VIEW OF bOURJ HAmmOUD
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BOURJ HAMMOUD
LandfillWater Edge Industrial Zone Coastal
HighwayDora
HighwayDense Urban Area
S
2322
Grand Camp Saint. Michael1921
1920 1925 1930 1935 1940
Achrafieh Hills1927
Nor Hadjin, Khalil1930
Nor Marach1930
Nor Sis, Traq and Nor Adana1930s
Camp Sandjak1939
Camp Qarantina1923
Armenia signed a treaty of alliance with Russian Soviet
League of nations and French mandates built quarters
First association active to buy land in Bourj Hammoud
Handover of Alexandretta region to Turkish republic
THE ARmENIAN COmmUNITy mOVEmENT
Sandy ShoreOpen public space
desired by the residents of Bourj Hammoud
1965 2009
LandfillContaminated seashore -
waterfront no longer desirable
Fishing PortAfter war the port suffered extreme levels of pollution
Residential ZoneSeparated from the
waterfront
Dora HighwayCrossing the highway
wasn’t an issue
Residential ZonePeople enjoy going to the seashore
Industrial Zoneno issue of pollution
Industrial ZoneGuards securing factories
- waterfront no longer accessible
Dora Highway Widened to Four Lanes
More difficult to cross
FROm A mIXED NEIGHbOURHOOD TO AN ISOLATED SECTOR
1910 Source: Bourj Hammoud Municipality
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4 Lanes
Highways Primary Roads Secondary Roads Informal Roads
1 Lane 1 Lane Car Park
ROAD NETWORKS
CONCEPT
The project aims to reconnect the industrial area with the residential area of Bourj Hammoud by designing a desirable recreational park attracting people from both areas. After analysing the history of the neighbourhood and identifying the main reasons that lead to its separa-tion, it was evident that there is a stretch between the two areas that wasn’t industrial neither residential. Thus the project proposes to use this stretch as a buffer zone that would reconnect Bourj Hammoud through redesigning its unused spaces for potential gathering spots. The plot chosen for the recreational park lies in this stretch next to one of the pedestrian bridges of the highway to ensure a safe access to the site.
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SITE POTENTIALS
SITE ImAGES
Buffer Zone• potential open spaces• easy access for people from both zones
People’s Access
Pedestrian bridge
Potential Sites
Chosen Site
1
1 2
3
3
2
26
DESIGN PLAN
The design proposes a sports park for all different ages, a place where all the residents and workers can spend time in. The site is divided into an outdoor gym, a football field, a basketball court, a children’s play area, a resting area, and a running track that goes around the park and varies in elevation. The park has three main entrances. Two of them are connected to the sidewalk of the highway and one entrance allow ac-cess directly from the pedestrian bridge to the park.
LOCATION OF SITE
BOURJ HAMMOUD
PROPOSED DESIGN PLAN
0 25 m12.5 m 50 m
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S1
S3
S3
S1
S2
S2
Highway Sidewalk Stadium 1
Football Field Running Track
E1
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Running Track
Running Track
Outdoor Gym Football Field Seating Area Basketball Court Kids Play Area Outdoor Cafe
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Stadium 2 E1 Stadium 1
SECTION 3
1 CHILDREN’S PLAyING AREA
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2 OUTDOOR Gym
KEy mAP
PLANT SELECTION
Plant selection depended on different factors that create the general mood of the park. In some areas where people needed to rest, it was important to select evergreens that create shade. Fragrant trees were selected in various areas to give a pleasant atmosphere for the walked. It was also important to choose plants according to the foliage each creates to bring life to the park. Hedges were used to sepa-rate the children’s play area for safety purposes.
Ficus nitidaLEGEND
Pittosporum tobira
Vinca minor
Tipuana tipu
Acacia retinodes
Magnolia grandiflora
Citrus japonica
Thuja orientalis
Laurus nobilis
Cupressus sempervirens1
2
30
3130
CONCLUSION
This project encompassed various issues that are usually found in densely urbanized environments, and it was important to learn how a Landscape Architect would tackle those issues and find solutions. The project was a great example that showcases how Landscape Architecture designs for people in the first place. I learned that a public space could never be designed without studying its history, this history that is created by the people. Knowing what people need and how they would use an open space are essential factors any Landscape Architect should think about and take into account while designing a space.
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INSTALLATIONS
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GREEN VERTICAL WALL1 A GREEN WALL FROM REUSED MATERIALSINTRODUCTION
The green vertical wall installation promotes reusing materials to create green spaces. Simple materials that could be found in any house were used following easy steps to create the green wall. A drip irrigation system was also designed that col-lects the water in a pipe at the bottom of the wall and reuses the water again. Follwoing very easy steps to build this green wall, the main objective of this project is to create a prototype of what could be done from simple reused materials in an at-tempt to encourage sustainability.
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STEP 1
STEP 5 STEP 6 STEP 7 STEP 8
STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4
Plastic container usually used in kitchens
Filling container with a mix of soil and fertilizers
Striped plastic separators that allow water drainage were used to define planting spots
Wrapping container with green fabric usually used in construction sites
Fixing separators together and perforating the walls of the container to fix the separators to the container
Fixing fabric to the walls of the container
Using steel wire to connect separators to the container
Creating wholes in the fabric and planting the plants
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Fixing the container to the wall
Pipes for drip irrigation
One pipe above each unitSecondary pipes extending from the main pipe for drip irrigation
Final result - Green wall made oF reused materials
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A S P A C E I N S P A C E2 A CONNECTION FROM EARTH TO THE SKYINTRODUCTION
This installation was the result of a land art studio. It was in-stalled in the university campus on one of the bridges that con-nects two buildings. The inspiration came from the function of the bridge, being “to connect two places”. As a result, the aim of the project was to give people the feeling that they are connected to the sky through projecting one of the constella-tions to the bridge. 88 constellations are identified by the UFO, each constellation resembling a different story. The constella-tion chosen for this project was the Draco constellation, which resembles a dragon that used to guard an apple tree that had gold under it. The reason for choosing this constellation is to emphasize the importance of preserving a tree. Not always do we have gold under our trees, but sometimes what we get from a tree is more precious than gold.
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CONCEPT
ConCeptual diagram Projection of Draco constellation to the briDge
The projection of the constel-lation took two dimensions, the horizontal surface of the bridge and its vertical walls emphasizing again the con-nection between the Earth and the Sky. Cardboards painted with very bright yel-low color were used to re-semble the stars connected by mulches painted in blue. Apples were dangled above the constellation reviving the memory of the apple tree that was guarded by the dragon of the constellation.
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THE POWER OF SKETCHING
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Thank You For Reading