Final Ppt Mpob

8/3/2019 Final Ppt Mpob

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perception


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Perception It is the process of attaining

awareness or understanding of

the environment by organizing andinterpreting sensory information .

Constancy

is the ability of perceptual systems torecognise the same object fromwidely varying sensory inputs


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Why is Perception Important?

peoples behavior is based on theirperception of what reality is, not onreality itself.

How we view and interpret the eventsand situations in the world shapes ourperception & eventually our behavior.


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Factors influencingFactors influencing

PerceptionPerception


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Factors in the perceiver

Attitudes

Motives

Interests

Experience

Expectations

Perception

Factors in the Target Motion

Sounds

Background

Similarity

Factors in the situation

Time

Work Setting

Social Setting


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Perceptual ProcessPerceptual Process


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Selecting Stimuli

External factors : Nature,Location,Size,contrast,

Movement,repetition,similarity

Internal factors : Learning,needs,age,Interest,

Organizing

Figure Background ,

Perceptual Grouping

( similarity, proximity,

closure, continuity)

Response

Covert: Attitudes ,

Feeling

Overt: Behavior

Interpreting

Attribution ,Stereotyping,

Halo Effect, Projection


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1111Organizational Behavior / PerceptionOrganizational Behavior / Perception


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WE DONT SEE WE DONT SEETHINGS AS THEYTHINGS AS THEY

ARE, WE SEE ARE, WE SEETHINGS AS WE ARE.THINGS AS WE ARE.


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Types of perception Of sound

Hearing (or audition) is the ability toperceive sound by detecting vibrations

Of speech

Speech perception is the process bywhich the sounds of language areheard, interpreted and understood.


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Touch

Haptic perception is the process ofrecognizing objects through touch

Taste

Taste is the ability to perceivethe flavor of substances including, butnot limited to, food.


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Of the social world

Social perception is the part ofperception that allows people tounderstand the individuals and groupsof their social world.


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Person Perception: MakingPerson Perception: Making

Judgments About OthersJudgments About Others


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Attribution TheoryAttribution Theory

When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally orWhen individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or

externally caused.externally caused.

observation Interpretation Attribution of cause

Consistency

Consensus

Distictinctiveness

Individual behavior

Internal

External

Internal

External

Internal

ExternalH

L

H

L

H

L

H high L- Low


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Distictiveness

Does this person

behave in

this manner

in other situation

Yes

High

Consistency

No

Low

Consistency

No

LowConsensus

Yes

High

Consensus

YESLow

Distinctiveness

NO

High

Distinctiveness

Consensus

Do other person

Behave in theSame manner?

Consistency

Does this person

behave

in this samemanner at other

times ?

InternalAttribution

ExternalAttributi

on


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Shortcuts in judging others

Selective Perception :

People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their

interests, background, experience and attitudes.

Halo Effect :

Drawing a general impressions about an individual on the basis of a

single charecteristics.


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Contrast Effect :

Evaluation of a persons characteristics that are effected by

comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank

higher or lower on the same characteristics.

Projection :

Attributing one's own characteristics to other people.


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Projection :

Attributing one's own characteristics to other people

Stereotyping :

Judging someone on the basis of

ones perception of

the group to

which that persons belongs


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PERCEPTUALPERCEPTUAL

GROUPINGGROUPING


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PERCEPTUAL GROUPINGPERCEPTUAL GROUPING

Our tendency to group several individual stimuli into aOur tendency to group several individual stimuli into ameaningful and recognizable pattern.meaningful and recognizable pattern.

It is very basic in nature and largely it seems to beIt is very basic in nature and largely it seems to beinborn.inborn.

Some factors underlying grouping areSome factors underlying grouping are

--continuitycontinuity

--closureclosure

--proximityproximity

--similaritysimilarity


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Organizational Behavior 29

Similarity Proximity

Continuity

Closure Symmetry


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if we have incomplete perceptions, which we practically always do to a

certain extent, our minds fill in the rest.


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Thank you

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Final Ppt Mpob