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Financial Issues in Solid Waste Management
• Expenditures-capital investment-operational investment• Revenues
Capital Investment
• waste collection equipment, • waste transportation vehicles, • land for waste disposal facilities,• waste handling equipment, • office building and equipment,• infrastructure like roads, electric connection,
pollution control equipment, water supply to waste handling sites, and
• investment towards safety, environment monitoring
Operational costs• Salary to waste handling staff and office staff,• stationary, • energy/fuel, • office stationary, • communication, • chemicals/other consumables, • training, • insurance, • statutory fees, • consultancy/auditor/advocate/legal fees,
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• vehicle & equipment maintenance,• bribe to government agencies, • safety equipments, • environmental monitoring, • official travelling• health check up and vaccination of employees,• Depreciation• interest towards loans if any
Revenues
• collection, transportation and disposal fee,• subsidy • financial assistance from government or
international agency or others, and• revenue from selling recyclable/reusable
materials.
Chapter 2
Waste Quantities and Characteristics
Solid wastes need to be characterized by:
• sources, • generation rates,• types of wastes produced, and • composition
Sources of Solid Waste
• domestic refuse (solid waste generated by markets, food centers, households and commercial premises etc.),
• industrial refuse (does not include hazardous and toxic waste which requires special treatment, handling and disposal),
• institutional solid waste (solid waste from government offices, schools, hospitals, recreational facilities etc.)
Quantities and Composition
• Waste generation rates: 0.4 -1.6 Kg/Cap/day• Quantity and composition is a function of the
lifestyle and living standard of the region’s inhabitants
Typical waste characteristics of the developing nations
• high waste densities, • high moisture contents, • large organic fraction,• cities with sweeping as well as open ground
storage characterized by large amount of dust and dirt.
Physical Characteristics• density, • Size distribution of components, and • moisture content. Other characteristics which may be used in making
decision about solid waste management are: • colour, • voids, • shape of components, • optical property, • magnetic properties, and• electric properties.
Chemical Chs
• moisture (water content can change chemical and physical properties),
• volatile matter, • ash,• fixed carbon, • fusing point of ash, • calorific value, • percent of carbon,• hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur and ash.