Fiske, St. Bernard of Clairvaux and Friendship, Part 1

8/2/2019 Fiske, St. Bernard of Clairvaux and Friendship, Part 1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/fiske-st-bernard-of-clairvaux-and-friendship-part-1 1/12

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gwj{alwt% RR#an{ ft els ft {al bnec|ncl jh hwflektaf} {j {al wlbn{fjet jh

oje`t%

F{ dne anwkbv gl nddfkle{nb {an{ {aft kjd|ole{% jh t|da .{wln{ fo}jw{ne/

dl {j nbb Dft{lwdfnet% taj|bk dje{nfe nbwlnkv {al xlwv fklnt {an{ nwl danwnd/

{lwft{fd jh T{% Glwenwk#t {lndafec je bjxl% nek {an{ Hjwo aft fkln jh

hwflektaf} nt slbb nt jh bjxl jh Cjk% Fe {al hfwt{ }bndl% {al djedl}{t

jh glelxjbledl% kftfe{lwlt{lkeltt% wldf}wjdf{v nek bf leltt% lt}ldfnbbv fe

|efje jh sfbb% nbb blnk {j |ef{v jh T}fwf{0 nek tldjekbv% {al Das"{n fet{f

{|{bjenbfylt n eldlttnwv wlbn{fje gl{slle hwn{lwenb bjxl nek {al n{{nfeole{

jh }lwhld{fje nek |efje sf{a Cjk% [aft ft hj|ek fe Dawft{fne {aj|ca{

hwjo N|c|t{fel nek Cwlcjwv {al Cwln{ je% g|{ Glwenwk fedjw}jwn{lt f{

ejxf ojentblwff% fe{lbblqlw|e{ lf {le|lw|e{% l{ ejt ajkfl fe{lbbfcfo|t l{ {lelo|t%

An l{ ftff fe{lbblcne{ l{ {lelne{% / D% F"}% qqxf 9 ^|fn |ef|t xlwf wlcft l{ kjofef

l{ oncft{wf ejt joelt tlwxjt bfdl{ fe|ffblt lttl djcejtdfo|t % %% D% FX% }% qqxf{ 9

%" %~|n{fe|t fe nd{fg|t ejt{wft e|bbn tf{ kftdjwkfn% tlk |en dnwfbjfl" |en wlc|bn%

tfofbfg|t~|l xfxno|t ojwfg|t% D% QFQ% }% qqfq 9 Tf xlwj }wj kf[Ilwtf{n{ltleble/

bfnw|o fe kftdjwkfno dn|tn klxlelwf{% fbb|k fekl fwwlhwncngfbf{lw {leln{|w ~|jk

nggnt dft{lwdfletft l{ af ~|f tnefjwft djetfbff l{ oncft Ojelf n}}nw|lwfe{ fekf/

dng|e{%%%% [aft n}}bflt {j {al Clelwnb Dan}{lw% G|{ lxle {al nggj{ jh {al

Els Ojent{lwv° o|t{ wlt}ld{ {al sfbb jh aft gwl{awle% D% XFFF% }% qqxff 9 Nggnt

n|*lo ejxf ojent{lwff dnxln{ el ~|fd~|no }wlt|on{ {wnd{nwl n|{ dje{feclwl kl

wlg|t fbbf|t bjdf nk ~|lo |lelwff dje{wn nggn{ft xlb hwn{w|o xjb|e{n{lo%

!6& Hjw lqno}bl {al avoe% Kl dnwf{n{l l{ nxnwfbfn% ]BND FF% }}% 7<</7<3%

fe safda {al xlwtlt nb{lwen{lbv }wnftl dnwf{nt nek djekloe nxnwf{fn% Fe Dnttfne%

f{ snt neclw {an{ snt djetfklwlk dje{wnwv {j dnwf{nt% [aft tllolk {j gl {al{lndafec jh {al kltlw{ hn{alwt% nek ft hj|ek nbtj fe {al ]afbj`nbfn% tll Swf{fec%"

h wjo {al ]afbj`nbfn% je ]wnvlw jh {al Alnw{" {w% gv @ n kFl |g =x t`f nek

]nbolw% Bjekje >6<>% / Dnefxly% D% X% }% qqxff%

!>=& Dne fx l y " D% xf% }% qqxff% D% xf% }% qqxff% D% q" }% qqxff 9 L{ tf

Fwn{wlt no}ff|t |ftffnjlwf{" fekl oncft cn|klne{% D% qx" }% qqxff0 D% Fq" }% qqxff 9

%%% d|o djetfb fj }wltle{ft nggn{ft dnwf{n{fxl t{|kln{ hwn{wlt djwwfclwl% Nbtj% D%qx{{" }% qqxfff 9 djwwld{fje jh ne nggj{% D% qqx" }% qqfq0 qqxf" }% qqq0 qqfq" }%

qqq Pdjwwf~lwl_% D% q" }% qqfq 9 [|ed tfec|bf nggn{lt onqfoj dnwf{n{ft fcel

T|ddletf fbbf|t lddbltfn }le|wfno wla|t n Klj tfaf djb bnbft % }wj|{ ang|lwfe{"

t|t{le{nwl hlt{fbble{% D% qq" }% qqfq 9 Onqfoj dnwf{n{ftfcel t|ddlet|t%

6



>= N% HFT@L

fe{j aft tvt{lo jh {aj|ca{ nt {al Danw{n ank Fedjw}jwn{lk f{ fe{j {al

fet{f{|{fjet jh Dft{lwdfne ojent{fdfto%

F{ ft" fe hnd{" jebx fe ojent{fd dfwdblt {an{ {w|l Hwfled{tafe HIjof/'bld{"

fe {al lblxle{a nek {slbh{a dle{|wflt% Hl|knbfto ank nkj/f{lk {b/l Fee/

c|ncl jh hwflektaf}" nek tj {jj kfk dj|w{bv }jl{wv% G|{ {al ojent{fd ofbd|

hjwolk n tanw} dje{wnt{ sf{a {al |edawft{fne ojwnbt nek d|t{jot fe {al

dje{lo}jwnwx sjwbk% [al ojeb2t slwl ne lblole{ jh dfxfbfyn{#je nek

a|onefyn{fje nt slbb nt jh dawft{fnefyn{fje" gx {b#lfw lewfdaole{ jh a|one

hllbfec nek wlhfelole{ jh nhhld{fxf{v {an{ wlxlnblk els wltj|wdlt fe a|one

en{|wl% [alfw {leklweltt snt tajse {j Dawft{ nek {j {alfw hwflekt" nek

gv {al fe{lw}bnv jh {aft kj|gbl bjxl" safda {alv tns nt jebv jel" {altl

ole jh Cjk lxjbxlk n t}fwf{|nbf{v kwnse ej{ hwjo gjjg g|{ hwjo {alfw

jse tj|bt% [aft snt gv ej olnet djehfelk {j {al Dft{lwdfnet" nt {al

bl{{lwt jh ]l{lw kl Dlbfl nek ]l{lw {al Xlelwngbl now bv }wjxl% [altl ole

nek {alfw dje{lo}jwnwflt slwl ej{ l~|nb {j Glwenwk% g|{ onkl f{ }jttfg.l

hjw afo {j lqft{ !|&%

g% T{% Glwenwk#t Hwflektaf}t sf{a Sfbbfno j h Tnfe{ [aflwwv nek T{u

]l{lw {[s Xlelwngbl%

[al hwflektaf}t jh T{% Glwenwk nt wldjwklk fe aft bl{{lwt nwl onev

nek xnwflk" nek sj|bk wl~|fwl n kl{nfblk t{|kv !>7&% Jebv {sj sfbb

gl ole{fjelk alwl" nt wl}wltle{n{fxl% Sfbbfno jh Tefe{ [aflw#'&# nek ]l{lw

{al Xlelwngbl tllo {j anxl glle% sf{a T{% Olbndav" {al ojt{ fe{fu#n{l

jh nbb aft hwflekt% nb{aj|ca {al wlbn{fjetafw/ {j lb#k" one ft kfhhlwle{% [alwl

nwl je bv {awll lq{ne{ bl{{lwt hwjo Glwenwk {j Sfbbfno% g|{ {le {j ]l%dw"

nt slbb nt tlxlwnb hwjo ]l{lw {j Glwenwk !>4&%

!>>& Ilne b%ldblwd~% ]flwwl bl Xlelwngbl" ]nwft >6;!0%<>% / Cfbthbe%

[aljb% Ovthf~|l kl T{% Glwenwk" >64/7><" kftd|ttlt {al wlbn{fjetaf} gl{slle

dj|w{bv bjxl nek Dft{lwdfne ovt{fdfto% Aft djedb|tfje ft {an{ {alv nwl {sj

fekl}lekle{ }wjk|d{t jh {alfw ncl" lnda wlhbld{fec {al lexfwjeole{ fe sb"f%da

{alv slwl gjwe / dj|w{ nek ojent{lwv / nek" nt jel o|t{ gl wlej|edlk {j

}jttlt {al j{alw" {alfw tfofbnw {lwofejbjcv kjlt ej{ wl}wltle{ nev klhfef{l djedl}{

djooje {j gj{a% Tll nbtj }% >4;0 46/;= 9 lxle fe ojent{lwflt wlt{n#le{ klt

ajoolt cwjttflwt% u Ilne B l d F l w d~" Bn T}fwfh|nbf{l kl ]flwwl kl Dlbbl

!>>></>>14&" ]nwft >6;8" >;;%

!>7& [aft kjlt ej{ tllo {j anxl glle onkl nt vl{% [e Bldblwd~#t t{|kv jh]l{lw {al Xlelwngbl {alwl ft ne lxnb|n{fje jh aft hwflektaf} sf{a Glwenwk {an{

kfhhlwt hwjo fal {wnkf{fjenb fe{lw}wl{n{fje%

!>4& T{% Onbndav#t hwflektaf} sf{a T{% Glwenwk sfbb ej. gl t{|kflk alwl" g|{

f{ ft n{ blnt{ djo}nwngbl sf{a {al j{alw {sj hwflektaf}t% [al Dft{lwdfne Gwlxfnwv

nek Ofttnb nbb|kl {j f{ fe {al djbbld{ hjw Ejxloglw #4 9 Kl|t" ~|f glnb|we

Onbndafno" }je{fh{llo" tned{fttfoj ]n{wf Glwenwkj xlwnl dnwf{nbft hjlklwl k|Pwfblw

tjdfnthf0 djedlkl }wj}f{f|t 9 |{ l{ }oxjw|o joef|o djetlet|t ejqfjt dnehl

xf{lo|t" l{ dnlblt{ft ofDSnl tndwnt nofdf{fnt tlo}lw j}{lo|t% ]lw Kjofe|o %%%

N klhfef{fxl lkf{fje jh {al bl{{lwt jh T{% Glwenwk ft fe }wl}nwn{fje gv Ilne

Bldblwd~% [alwl ft nbtj ne lkf{fje gv Bjwleyj Cfjxnekj" jh safda jebv {al hfwt{

T[% GLWENWK NEK HWFLEKTAF] >>

u

[al hfwt{ bl{{lw jh Glwenwk {j Sfbbfno jh Tnfe{ [aflwwv ft {al ojt{

fo}jw{ne{" nek nbtj" }lwan}t" {al ojt{ tfcefhfdne{ jh nbb aft bl{{lwt" fe

wlcnwk {j Glwenwk#t ofek je hwflektaf}% RXfbbfno ant djo}bnfelk u

Glwenwk kjlt ej{ bjxl afo nt o|da nt al bjxlt Glwenwk% ]b|t nonet%" "

ofe|t kfbfcnw% ° Lxle {al tnb|{n{fje jh {al bl{{lw hjwot }nw{ jh Glwenwk#t

netslw" hjw al sftalt Sfbbfno bjxl ' hwjo n }|wl alnw{ nek n cjjk

djetdfledl nek ne |ehlfcelk hnf{a ° 9 }|wf{v nek hnf{a nwl djekf{fjethjw bjxl%

Hjw Glwenwk#t {altft fe {aft bl{{lw tllot {j al nbojt{ {al dje{wnwvjh T{% Netlbo#t dle{wnb {alol% Salwl Netlbo n}}lnbt {j {al hwflek#t

o|{|nb djetdfj|teltt jh {alfw hwflektaf}% Glwenwk ~|lt{fjet sal{alw jel

ft djetdfj|t lxle jh jel#t jse bjxl% [al bl{{lw ant {awll ojxlole{t%

Hfwt{ Glwenwk nt`t Sfbbfno" saj ft {a|t i|kcfec gj{a alnw{t% san{ }wjjh

al ant% Al onv gl wfca{" a|{" ajs dne al b2ejs:Ajs dne al gl dlw{nfe:

Ft Sfbbfno#t lxfkledl ° {al hnd{ {an{ Glwenwk ant ej{ tle{ afo nev

{afec: {an{ al ant ej{ netslwlk aft bl{{lwt: ![aft" ej kj|g{" snt {al

dn|tl jh Sfbbfno#t dancwfe%& G|{" tnvt Glwenwk" sf{a n bf{{bl onbfdl" ajs

dne ov tdwfggbfect tn{fthv vj|w on{|wl sftkjo: N ek ft ej{# bjxl }wjxlk

gv kllkt" ej{ sjwkt: Nek anxl Fxlw hnfblk vj| sale vj| ellklk alb}:

[ale" fe n tldjek ojxlole{" al {|wet {j {al Bjwk% sajo al nkkwlt/

tlt nt T|o jh I|t{fdl °0 hjw Sfbbfno" al hllbt" ft |ehnfw {j afo% Cjk

èjst ajs o|da Glwenwk bjxlt Sfbbfno hjw aft cjjkeltt0 Glwenwk {jj

hllbt ° {an{ al bjxlt afo% G|{ ajs o|da al bjxlt ZZ {an{ ft èj""#e

jebv {j Cjk% Ej one dne èjs ajs o|da al bjxlt" |e{fb al glajbktCjk nek fe Cjk aft jse bjxl%

Ojwljxlw" bjxl kl}lekt je n one#t jse xfw{|l" aft }|wf{v jh alnw{"

nek je {al xfw{|l jh aft hwflek% Jebv {al }|wl jh alnw{ dne bjxl }lwhld{bv0

{al gl{{lw n one ft" {al ojwl al kltlwxlt {j gl bjxlk" nek {al ojwl al

bjxlt" {al gl{{lw al ft% Glwenwk#t djedb|tfje ft bf`l Netlbo#t nek xl{

|ebf`l% Salwl Netlbo sj|bk tnv Fbjxl vj| nt o|da nt Fdne" f%l%

nt o|da nt Fjxl ovtlbh" g|{ bltt {ane vj| kltlwxl nek bltt {ane F8|cab!= bjxl vj|" ° Glwenwk tnvt" Fjxl vj| ojwl# {ane ovtlbh" gldn|tl vj|

nwl gl{{lw {ane Fno" g|{ Fjxl vj| bltt {ane Faj|bk" gldn|tl Fovtlbhno ej{ gl{{lw% °

Fe {al {afwk ojxlole{ Glwenwk {|wet ncnfe {j xXfFFfhbo% ov

hn{alw% ° Gldn|tl Sfbbfno bjxlt ojwl" bl{ afo ej{ klt}ftl Glwenwk#t

blttlw bjxl% Hjw {aj|ca al bjxlt bltt" al bjxlt nt o|da nt al dne% [alwlhjwl

/ Kwns ol nh{lw vj|" ° al }wnvt" {an{ sf{a RXfFbfno% Glwenwk onvwldlfxl {al ]JSE {j Ijxl ojwl% Al snwet Sfbbfno" vj| tll` fe ol////xjb|ol" |} {j Il{{lF# >=8% ft nxnfbngbl% [aft sfbb gl |tlk hjw blAlb#t >/>=80 Ofcel#t

lkf{fje s fbb gl |tlk hjw {al j{alw bl{{lwt% tnxl hjw tjol cfxle fe Lecbfta gv

Tdj{{ nek ej{ nxnfbngbl fe {al bn{fe {lq{% !T% Glwenwkj kf Dafnwnxnbbl Blb{d%5wl"

}nw{l }wfon" lk% Bjwleyj C f =xne kj" Djoen ]n{w|o Tnbltfnen" Tlwfl

Bn{fen% xjb% qwf" Tjdfl.n Lkf{wfdl Fe{lwenyfjenbl% [|wfe F^;;0 DL|xwlt Djo}bl{lt

kl Tnfe{ Glwenwk" {w% av D a n w }le {fl w " ]nwft" Xfxlt >188" xjbt" f" Ff0 [al

Bl{{lb#T jh Th% Glwenwk" {w% gv Gw|ej T dj{ { I uol t " BjeIje >6<4& !]B%%>17" 83/377%&



>7N% HFT@L

san{ ft ej{ ol% F !>= ej{ hnfb vj|" nt vj| anxl tn{k" f{ ft Cjk fe ol saj

hnfbt vj|% Tj onv Cjk cwne{ vj| }jslw" nt al ant cfxle vj| {al kltfwl"

{j kj nbb vj| wfca{bv sfta hjw vj|wtlbh nek vj|w hwflekt% ° Al lekt

sf{a nbb {al nhhld{fje al dne glt{js% °

[al elq{ bl{{lw j}let sf{a {al tnb|{n{fje" t{/j fI[f~|jk tej" u sfda

onv gl f}nkl~|n{lfx# {wnetbn{lk nt" {j aft hwflwk nbb {an{ n hwflek dne

sfta% ° [aft ft SfbbFno#t jse h#wll{fe~" safda Glwenwk wl{|wet {j Ao%

Wldlfxl san{ ft vj|w jse" nek wldjcefyl ov |t|wnb fje nt }wjjh {an{

sl nwl jel tj|b% nek {an{ ov tj|_ ft ej{ hnw ngtle{ hwjo jel """0{a sajo

> anxl n djooje bnec|ncl% ° [al hwflekt glbjec {j lnda j{alw0 {alfw

tj|bt nek {alfw sjwkt nwl jel% [al tl~|ledl jh Glwenwk#t {I"j|c["{ alwl

ft ej{ jwf~fenb% g|{ {alwl nwl jxlw{jelt jh {al 9 RXjwk" ° jh aft kjd{wfel

jh }nw{fdf}n{fje nek bf`leltt%

Al dne# swf{l jebx n tajw{ bl{{lw" gldn|tl RXfbbfno#t bl{{lw nwwfxlk je

j|w Bnkv#t gfw{aknv uxale al kfk ej{ sfta {j jdd|}v afotlbh sf{u nev

j{alw {aj|c{ {ane Onwv" nek {al dnwwflw sj|bk t{nx jxlw jebx {fbb {al

elq{ ojwefec% Glwenwk ft tlekfec n oje` gnd {j aft ojent{lwv nek

nt`t Sfbbfno {j glhwflek afo% Al {lbbt jh aft alnb{a safda ft% nt {bTu\RF%

ej{ xlwv cjjk% Fe xlfblk bnec|nwIl al kftd|ttlt Sfbbfno#t kltfwl {j blnxl

aft jhhfdl nt nggj{ nek le{lw n{ Dbnfwxn|q% [alv wenx gj{a kltfwl f{" a|{"

nt Glwenwk tllt {afect" Cjk kjlt ej{ sfta f{% RXfFFfno#t hlnw jh jhhfdl

taj|bk ej{ }wlxle{ aft glfec |tlh|b9 Sjl {j afo fh f{ kjlt%

[al bnt{ bl{{lw {j Sfbbfno ft djedlwelk jebv sf{a Nglbnwk% nek n

}wj}jtlk oll{fec {j kftd|tt Sfbbfno#t swf{fec ncnfet{ afo !F{ j& % Sl sfbbwl{|we ncnfe {j {aft hwflektaf}" nek f{t tfwhJfhfdnedb9# hjw RXfbbfno% Ajbv

nek fe{fon{l nt f{ snt" f{ kjlt tllo {an{ ]l{lw" Naaj{ jh Db|ex" snt

bjxlk ojwl {ane Sfbbfno gv Glwenwk" {aj|ca al sj|bk danbblecl #t|da n

i|kcole{%

[al hfwt{ bl{{lw hwjo Glwenwk {j ]l{lw snt swf{{le glhjwl {alx ol{"

nek nb{aj|ca h|bb jh klhlwledl nek wlt}ld{" ft wltlwxlk% Al {ane!t afo

hjw swf{fec {j afo fe aft lqfbl hwjo aft ojent{lwv% Al {ane`t afo hjw aft

bl{{lw" hjw aft hwflektaf}0 ]l{lw ft tj cwln{" al tj fetf99wefhfdne{% G|{ al ft

}wj|k jh ]l{lw#t bl{{lw" jh aft nhhld{fje" nek }wj|k {jj jh aft jse {wfg|/

bn{fjet nek }wj|k jh {al Da|wda% Al }bnet {j xftf{ ]l{lw je aft snv

gnd` {j Dbnfwxn|q" nek tlekt olttnclt {j A|ca nek j{alwt" %9 nt slbb

nt nbb vj|w ajbv gwl{awle% ° [al tnol kfhhfkledl n}}lnwt fe {al elq{

bl{{lw% Al {ane t ]l{lw hjw aft bl{{lw" }bnet n oll{fec" g|{ swf{lt xlwv

gwflhbv gldn|tl al hlnwt aft sjwkt ofca{ gl {wj|gbltjol {j n one jh

t|da kfcef{v% [alfw oll{fec" n{ {al {fol Feejdle{ FI xftf{lk Hwnedl" {wnet/

hjwolk {alfw wlbn{fjet {j ne lxlw cwjsfec fe{fondv nek {leklweltt% [al

hfwt{ bl{{lw {j hjbbjs ft xlwv tajw{ nek bfb2l {al |t|nb Glwenwk% cfxlt nkxfdl

fe ej |edlw{nfe {lwot% ]l{lw taj|bk ej{ dbnfo n dlw{nfe ojent{lwv" san{l/

!> ;& L}ft{jbnl T% Glwenwkf" lk% C f =xne kj" {" l}% 1<" <></<74% [aft

lkb{{je sfbb gl fekfdn{lk gv {al bl{{lwt D]T% / L}% 18" !D]T" #<73&%%%% tl k F#nl

cwnbIf|t" t f ~| fn }wjltttl olh|ft% }wjklttl wlh|cft% / L}% 473 !][% >17" <44 ng&%

Fe {al elq{ dan}{lw {aft hwflektaf} sfbb gl djetfklwlk hwjo Sfbbfno#t }jfe{ jw

x{ls"

T[% GLWENWK NEK HWFLEKTAF]

xlw aft wfca{t0 al taj|bk gl ojwl ojklwn{l% [["}e ]h#uh#w ne}nwle{_x ["bnolt

jw wl}wjndalt Glwenwk hjw ej{ swf{fec% Glwenwk i|t{fhflt afotlbh sf{a cwln{

lnwelt{eltt% Ft ]l{lw ij`fec: F{ tllot {jj o|da n{ Glwenwk#t lq}letl"

hjw al swj{l {sfdl% nek ]l{lw netslwlk 'lf{alw bl{{{uw" Al en{|wnb_x hlb{%

{ale" {an{" sale ]l{lw wl{|welk hwjo T}nfe" f{ sj|bk al }wlt|o}{fje

{j tlek afo nev jh aft {wfhblt% G|{ al kjlt ej{ sne{ {j lqd|tl afotlbh0

f{ sfbb jebv snt{l {alfw {fol fe swf{fec lq}bnen{fjet {j lnda j{alw !al

ant nbwlnkv lq}infelk ° n{ djet{klwng_l blec{a&%

Al jebv sne{t {j gl {w|bv j}le {j ]l{lw" nt {w|l hwflektaf} klonekt%

N sln lefe| jh {alfw hwflektaf} ft fo}bflk" hjw al ft cbnk {j gl dnbblk

{j wlels f{0 al ft n sj|eklk hwflek" al ant glle dafbblk% g|{ ]l{lw#t bjxl

sfbb tjje snwo afo n.&"nfe% Al {ale {ane`t ]l{lw hjw aft bl{{lw" safda

al ant wlnk |ek wlwlnk nxfkbv% Al bfb2lt aft a|ojw {Fbn{ ft gj{a cwnR#l

nek cnv% Al {lbbt ]l{lw ngj|{ afotlbh 9 al iu ejs nbbjslk {j blnxl aft

ojent{lwv jebv jedl n vlnw hjw {al Clelwnb Dan}{lw0 al ft tfd` snf{fec

hjw kln{a" g|{% / ej{ {j blnxl ]l{lw {al ojej}jbv jh ij lt" / al {lbbt

afo al aj}lt ]l{lw sje#{ fe aft |t|nb t{vbl dnbb Glwenwk#t tfbledl / tbj{a%

[al elq{ bl{{lw fe >>;6 ft nbtj jel jh }blntne{wflt% ]l{lw ant }wnftlk

Glwenwk {al tfeelw" tj o|da" {an{ al hllbt al ant ejs glle gln{fhflk%

Ajs gblttlk F sj|bk gl fh F dj|bk gl gln{fhflk gv sjwkt > "% Al ft

an}}v nek ablttlk ej{ gldn|tl al kltlwxlt f{" g|{ gldn|tl ]l{lw bjxlt"

nek Glwenwk bjxlt% Nt {j kltlwxfec f{" fh n one ft n{ nbb i|t{" al kjlte#{

sne{ {j gl buxlk glvjek aft olwf{t% G|{ fh Glwenwk dj|bk bfxl sf{a ]l{lw"

{ale al sj|bk gldjol sjw{av% Fh jebv al dj|bk tll afo" n{ blnt{ jedl nvlnw% [al tfca{ jh ]l{lw#t oll eltt nek a|ofbf{v sj|bk gl tj cwln{ n

cwndl {an{ Glwenwk sj|bk blnwe jh afo {j gl a|ogbl n{ bnt{" tjol{afec

al ant ej{ vl{ blnwelk lxle hwjo Dawft{% [aft ft n xlwv tfcefhfdne{ wlonw 9

{al hwflek dne djoo|efdn{l {j afo san{ al dneej{ cl{ hjw afotlbh kfwld{bv

hwjo Cjk" lxle hwjo {al a|onef{v jh Dawft{% Glwenwk wla|at afo'lbh%

{ale" hjw cfxfec ]l{lw i|t{ san{ al ank glle djo}bnfefec jh ]l{lw#t

cfxfec afo 9 }wnftl%

[al tnol xlnw Glwenwk swj{l n gwflh ej{l {j {lbb ]l{lw {an{ aft

tje" Cn|dalw" snt ejs Glwenwk#t / gldn|tl al snt ]l{lw#t% Nbb ov

bafect nwl {afel nek {afel nwd ofel% ° ]l{lw taj|bk bjxl aft tje ejs

lxle ojwl" tfedl al glbject {j gj{a jh {alo%

Fe >><= al swj{l nenbe% Fh jebv al dj|bk tlek aft alnw{ sf{a {al

bl{{lw" tj {an{ ]l{lw dj|bk wlnk {al bjxl Cjk ant swf{{le {alwl% F{ ft ej{

{an{ al ellkt {j glcfe {alfw hwflektaf} ncnfe0 f{ ft ne jbk hwflektaf}"nek {alfw bjxl on lt {alo l~|nb% Lxle {alfw fel~|nbf{flt anbnedl" hjw"

sf{aj|{ ]l{lw" Glwenwk dj|bk ej{ gl a|ogbl" nek sf{aj|{ Glwenwk" ]l{lw

dj|bk ej{ gl t|gbfol% Efdajbnt ant {jbk Glwenwk {an%{ al tns n bl{{lw

hwjo afo {j ]l{lw {an{ snt anwtabv sjwklk !{aft onv anxl glle jel jh

Efdajbnt# fe{wfc|lt / al snt {al djehfkle{fnb tldwl{nwv saj hfenbbv blh{

bal ojent{lwv |eklw n dbj|k& g|{ gf{{lw sjwkt dj|bk anxl djol elf{alw

Pwjo Glwenwk#t bf}t ejw hwjo aft alnw{%

]l{lw swj{l n ojt{ bjxfec bl{{lw fe wlt}jetl% Glwenwk netslwlk afo

ojwl gwflhbv" kltdwfgfec {al wlntje cwn}afdnbbv 9 {alwl snt t|da n dwjsk

e





>8N% HFT@L

San{ ft {al wlbn{fje jh nhhld{fje nek Ijxl: Nhhld{fje ant djo}|b/

tfxl eldlttf{v0 f{ ft n hjwdl {an{ dneej{ gl sajbbv dje{wjblk% Vl{ f{ ft

ej{ n gbfek }nttfje% n hn{nb lwjt% hjw f{ ft k|l ° nt n wn{fjenb jgbf/

cn{fje 9 sl j|ca{ {j h ll b f{ %

%%% Z l}% 783 !]B >17% ;37 n&0 Z l}% 48> !]B >17% <87 dk&9 / l}% ;=6 !}B >17%

8>1 g&%Xf{n djolt 9 l}% >;3" 7 !]B >17% 4=< g&0 / l}% >% 7 !D]T% 6& 0 djof{lo

no}bld{lwl tld|w|t% L}% 37% < !D]T% ;;>&%Hwn{lon tjdfl{nt% djwkjlklwj|j 9 l}% >;7" 7 !]B >17% 761 n&0 nl{lon tjdfl{nt%

t}fwf{|nbft dnwf{nt 9 l}% >=4 !D]T% 873&% ^|flt nefof% djedjwkfn% tjdfl{nt tlwlen

l}% 744% > !]B >17% ;7= gd&%Nhhld{fj% L}% ;% > !D]T" 16&0 %%% hblqfttlo hjwtf{ne nhhld{fjel %%% 0 / l}% 3=

!D]T% ;7<& 9 %%% oftlwfdjwkfn%%% nhhld{fj lt{% / l}% 46=" > !]B >17% <68 g& 9

%"% {ne{n t{wfecft nhhld{fjel% L}% >7 !D]T% 7=<& 9 Eje lqt}ld{nh|w wn{fj% |gf

nhhld{fj {wnae%Nhhld{|t% L}% 4< !D]T% 743& 9 %%% klgf{|o tfedlwfttfonl kfbldbfjeft nhhld{|o0

Z l}% 48 !D]T% 76>& 9 %%% fwwlxlwglwn{|o tfedlwnl kfbld{fjeft nhhld{|o0 / l}%

46 !D]T% 4=<& 9 %% " {j{j >>=gftnhhldf| %%% 0 / l}% 3= !l}t % ;73& 9 %' eldlttnwfj

djcA nhhld{|0 Z l}% 4= !D]T% ;6<&0 l}% >=3% > !]B >17% 7;7 k& 9 Bj~|ne{|w

ejgft nhhld{|o {||o %%% 0 / l}% >>8 !]B >17%787 k& 9 %%% }f|o tned{nl kfbld{fjeft

nhhld{|o% Z L}" >;7% 4 !]B >17% 761 g& 9 %%% ~|no% t}ldfnbf djo}bld{n{|w nhhld{|%

Z L}% >1> !]B >17% 4;; g& 9 Kltfklwfft kfxlt t|o% nhhld{fg|t ng|ekj% / L}%

7=> !]B >17% 486 g& 9 L}ft{jbn %%% nhhld{|o {||o wlkjbl{% ojwIl{ ol|o% / L}%733 !]B >17% ;17 k& 9 Tlk tdw{gj% l{t f eje eldlttnwfl fhbf% tn{fthndflet bnole nh %%

hld{|f 9 nhHld{|f kflj olj" eje nb{lwf|t% / L}% 487% > !}B >17% <84 n& 9 Tdwf}{n

Kfbld{fjeft xlt{wnl lj nhhld{| t|tdl}fo|t% ~|j tlo}lw n}|k ejt lt{ fe glelkfd/

Bfjelolojwfn xlt{wn% Z L}% 416 !]B >17% <6< g&0 / l}% 461 !]B >17% 8>= n& 9

C|fkj taj|bk djetfklw {al ellkt jh {al tf{|n{fje% ej{ aft nhhld{fje% %%% eje

nhhld{|o lwcn ol {||o% %%"Nhhld{|t * lhhld{|t% L}% 3= !D]T% <7</;73& 9 Fe ~|no |{f~|l oftlwfdjwkfno

eje }wj}wfn |{fbf{nt fedbfenxf{% tlk %%% oftlwfn% Oftlwfdjwkfn ~|f}}l nhhld{fj lt{%

~|nl eld xjb|e{n{l dllwdl{|w% eld wn{fjef t|gffdf{|w 9 %%% tlk eldlttnwfj djc\

nhhld{|% %%% Z L}% >=< !D]T% 846& 9 %%% tf xlwjdf{lw t{vb|t lq}wlttf{ nhhld{|o"

lhhfdndf{lw j}|t t{vb|o {lt{fhfdl{|w% / L}% >1> !]B >17% 4;; g& 9 Nl~|ngj lwcj

glelhfdfn xjbft% ~|nl pndbft eje }jtt|o% L}% >=3" 1 !}B >17% 7;8 k& 9 T}fwf{|t

nhhfdf{ l{ hndf{ nonwf% / L}% 773 !]B >17% 468 n& 9 Tlo}lw ~|fklo lc|f jhhfdfft

nofdjw|o% ajoj efofw|o ole{l tlo}lw l{ djw}jwl oftlwnek|t 9 %"% / l}% 4<3

!]B >17% 4<4 k& 9 Tf ~|fk nhhld{fjeft%" tf ~|fk klxj{fjeft% %%% 0 / l}% 37% <

!D]T% ;;>& 9 %%% ejt{wft %%% l{ nhhld{fg|t l{ }wjhld{fa|t Klf lt{ }wj}jelekn

xjb|e{nt% Nbtj l}% 46= !]B >17% 463 n&% Dh% [al {wnkf{fjenb }awntl 9 ej{ fe

sjwk jw {jec|l g|{ fe kllk nek {w|{a% safda olnet {an{ {al jel ft lo}{v% {al

j{alw wlnb0 alwl gj{a nhhld{|t nek lhhld{|t nwl wlnb nek ellklk% Dh% l}% >1;%

Ino l tlk %% 7<8% {w% hwjo Affh h l>% Klw alfbfcl Glwenwk% nek l}% >87!}B>17" <13 g&% [al }wjjh jh bjxl ft fe {al lhhld{|t0 tll {al bnt{ {sj {lq{t lt}ldfnbbv%

Dnwf{nt% on{lw% L}% 7% > !D]T% ;4& 9 = gjen on{lw danwfhnt% %%% 0 / fgfk

!}% ;<& 9 %%% jgxfngf{ {fgf ~|ntf on{lw ajejwfhfdn{n% / L}% >>% 7 !D]T" >33& 9

danwf{nt %%% ~|nl nofdf{fnw|o on{wlo tl ejxf{% / L}% 3% > !D]T" >=<& 9 Tjbn

Pdanwf{nt_ ~|f}}l lt{ ~|nl fbbno P}ndlo% |ef{n{lo_ clelwn{% djbbfcn{% tjbfkn{"

l{ djetlwxn{% Z L}% 7=> !]B >17% 486 g& 9 Tfd|{ on{lw |efd|o non{ hfbf|o"

f{n {l kfbfclanwe" anlwle{lo bn{lwf olj% }bnlle{lo djwkf oln%

#R

T[% GLWENWK NEK HWFLEKTAF] >3

Danwf{v nbtj ft n hjwdl {an{ djo}lbt% {an{ kwfxlt n one j|{ jh

afotlbh fe ldt{ntv% {an{ sj|ekt nek felgwfn{lt% G|{ f{ ft hwll% [al eldlttf{v

jh nhhld{fje" fe {al tletl {an{ jel dneej{ alb} bjxfec nek hllbfec fe{letlbv%

nek {al xjb|e{nwv en{|wl jh danwf{v ° nwl ej{ fe j}}jtf{fje% {alwlhjwl%

Kjofen% L}% 11% 7 !D]T% <<<& 9 %%% kjofenl danwfbn{f ojblt{ |t P {j " ~|n

fnok|k|o fo}lwne{l %%% 0 / l}% 4<3 !]B >17% <<1 k& 9 %%% {j{|o tfel k|gfj

tfgf |fekfdn{ {|nl Kfbld{fjeft danwf{nt%

Blq% L}% >> !D]T% >1<& 9 Blq lt{ lwcj" lh blq Kjofef danwf{nt% ~|nl[b#fef{n{lo fe [{ef{n{l ~|jIknoojkj djafgl{% l{ djbbfcn{ fe xfed|bj }nd{t%

X|be|t% L}% 34% > !D]T" ;;<&0 / l}% ><; !]B >17%4>4 d&%Kl|t% L}% 3% > !D]T" >=3& 9 Dnwf{nt f}tl Kl|t lt{% / L} % >>% ; !D]T"

>1<& 9 Kfdf{|w lwcj wll{l danwf{nt l{ Kl|t l{ Klf kje|o% b {n~|l danwf{nt kn{

danwf{n{lo% t|gt{ne{fxn nddfkle{nblo% / L}% 11% 7 !D]T% <<<& 9 %"% kjofen

lt{% foj Kjofe|t lt{% Kl|t lefo danwf{nt lt{% / L}% >1% 4 !D]T% 77<& 9

L{ anld joefn Dawft{|t% Nl{lwef{nt lt{" %%% Danwf{nt lt{% ~|fn Kl|t lt{ 9 %%%

Dnt{|t% L}" >>% 3 !D]T% >64& 9 E|t~|no lwf{ danwf{nt tfel {fojwl" tlk

dnt{j0 e|o~|no tfel d|}fkf{n{l% tlk jwkfen{n% / L}% >=3% 7 !]B >17% 7;4 g& 9]|wl tf~|fklo ejt none{lt fe xf{n ejt{wn" ojwbl ~|j~|l eje lwfo|t none{lt

fe xf{n ejt{wj" ojw{l ~|j~|l eje lw{we|t tl}nwn{f% / L}% 41; !]B >17% <13 a& 9%"% }|wfjwn n}|k Kl|o ‧%%% ~|j kl tjbn cwn{fn kne{ft }wjxlef|e{" }wnl{lw olwf{|o

nddf}fle{ft%XleBT% L}% >>%4 !D]T% >1>& 9 bbbn tf~|fklo xlwn l{ tfedlwn lt{ danwf{nt" %%%

~|n }wjqfof gje|o nl~|l |{ ejt{w|o kfbfcfo|t% / L}% >>% >= !D]T% 7=>&%

j}}jtlt danwf{nt nek xlwf{nt 9 Cwn{|bjw ~|fklo kl danwf{n{l% ~|nl joefn dwlkf{9

tlk djeh|ekjw }wj Xlwf{n{l" ~|nl joefn ejxf{% / L}% 66 !D]T" 8><& 9 ^[{no

xlwn tf{ ejt nk fexfdlo kfbll{fj% / L}% >18 !]B >17% 4;1 k& 9 >6f{|w fe lqafgf{fjel

j}lwft bf~|lgf{ xlwf{nt kfbld{fjeft"Tfedlw|t% L}% >>%4 !D]T% >1>&0 / l}% >=3%7 !]F" >17%7>4 g& 9 %' none{f/

g|t {l tfedlwf{lw ‧%%% 0 / l}% >31% > !]B >17% 4;= n& 9 Eld lefo tfedlw|t lt{

|ojw |gf k|gfl{n{ft tdw|}|b|t %% "

Jwkfen{n% L}% >>% 3 !D]T" >64&%O|{||t% L}% >;7% 4 !]B >17% 761 g& 9 Eje }j{lt{ kfdf xlwgj% ~Psk kl

o|{|n danwf{n{l fe{lw ejt l{ xjt t}fwf{|nbft feh|tfj ofwngfbf{lw j}lwl{|w%

T}fwf{|nbft% L}% >=4 !D]T% 873& 9 %%% t}fwf{|t Klf" ~|f "'Xfbblbo|o

nl{lon ejgft tjdfl{n{l l{ t}fwf{|nbf danwf{n{l klxfeqf{% %"% / l}% ;4< !]B >17%

848 n&% nk kjofe|o }n}nwe 9 %%% ~|jefno ejt f}t|o Pn hwflek_ {no~|oe

}wjo}{|o bf{{lwnw|o l{ hfklblo xfw|o t}fwf{|nbf danwf {n{l kfbfcfo|t%

Danwf{nt glbflxlt 9 l}% 771% F!]B >17% 463 n& 9 %%% ~|fn danwf{nt joefn

dwlkf{ %%% !> Djw% >4% 3&%Hjwcfxlt 9 l}% 7 % > !D]T" ;<& 9 Danwf{nt }n{flet lt{% glefcen lt{% Bfdl{ bnltn%

bfdl{ jhhletn% %%% jgxfngf{ {fgf %%% Dje{lo}{|t jgbf{n t|f% w|l{ fe no}blq|o {|f0

%%% Z [alwl ft alwl wlhlwledl {j {al ]wjkfcnb Tje%

Knwlt 9 l}% >>% 7 !D]T% >33& 9 Xlw|o% ~|jk eje n|klj lcj% n|lbl{ danwf{nt%

lh d|o joef hfk|dfn }|btn{ nk jt{f|o nofdf %%%% 0 / l}% 71% > !D]T% 7<6&

]wnlgl{ n|kndfno% danwf{nt" |{ hfk|dfnbf|t bj~|nw {fgf% Dh% l}% 46 !D]T% 4=<& 9

%%% n|t|o h|fttl%%%%Tndwfhfdlt 9 l}" 7=> !]B >17% 486 d& 9 N{~|l afd xlb onqfol dbnwl{ ~|no

tfedlwl {l "Ffbfcno% Ajlbfl elo}l eje {l dnw|fttlo" tf ~|nltfttlo ~|nl oln t|e{%

e|ed n|{lo xfklt ~|jk% t}wl{ft |{fbf{n{fg|t ol{t" {|ft djo}lekfft eje fex{kf%

Djo}lbt 9 l}% >< !D]T% 7>4& 9 Tle{fne{ %%% ~|jk eje tf{ nojw j{fjt|t" %%%



>1 N% HFT@L T[% GLWENWK NEK HWFLEKTAF] >6

g|{ djo}blole{nwv% Klg{° ft j}}jtlk {j n hwll cwndl9% jw dajfdl

{an{ fedb|klt gj{a hllbfec nek sfbb 9

{an{ xlwv hnxj|w ant ngtjbxlk ol hwjo {al klg{% hjw eldlttf{v ant }nttlk

jxlw fe{j n hwll danftl !>1&%

Fno n klg{jw {j aft djekltdletfje% {awj|ca safda Fanxl glle

djetfklwlk sjw{av {j gl {n`le |} febj {aft hnxj|w !aft hwflektaf}&% G|{

/ l}% 7=> !]F% >17% 4!6 g&% nhhld{|t0 / l}% 7% F !D]T% ;4& 9 Danwf{nt lefo nk

Fl jgf|wcnek|o ol djo}|bf{ ‧%%% / l}% 6=% F !D]T% <=& 9 %%% tlk e|e~|fk

t}fwf{|t cwnxne{|w nonekn:

Nkojeftalt 9 l}% 7 !D]T% ;4&0 / l}% 463% F !]B >17% D=8 n& 9 Danwf*nt%Pofwlt% ejt nkojel{ tdwfglwl nk xjt l{ }wj xjgft %%%

Wlh|tlt 9 l}9 11% 7 !D]T% <<<& 9 ^|9k lwcj 9 dajw|jt bfbIf wblelcn{ ~|jkb| }lbft lq dhswf{nbl: %%% |fk ol fekfcenwft: Tf }ft% tf nFbwb%!#t%fwntdlwl danwf{n\%

]lwdlfxlt 9 l}% 3% > !D]T% >=<& 9 Tf onelwlt fe danwfbn*l% ~|no fe {l

jbfo n|b ejxfo|t n|b }|bnxfo|t% danwf{n{ft }wj&ld{j knoen tle{fwlt‧%%%

T|hhlwt9 l} ;>< !]B >67% !74 g& 9 %%% lb ~|ne{|o kfbfcj% {ne*|we kjblj%

On`lt l~|nb 9 l}% 413 !]B >17% <6> gl& 9 Ino }wfklo djecb|{fb{n*n lt{ %%%

nefojt hldf{ }nwfbf{n danwf{n{ft%

Fe{jqfdn{lt9 l}% FF% 7 !D]T% >33& 9 F}tn Pdanwf{nt> }wjhld{j% f}tn% d|o !b|b{

hndf{ xjt lqdlklwl Klj 9 f}tn l{ d|o xjb|f{% hldf{ tjgwfjt ejgft% / L}% FF% 1

!D]T% >63& 9 ^|ntf lefo lbo|t" ofwn ~|jkno ojkj jgbf{|t t|f% l{ n tl }lef{|t

w'lb|{ klhfdflet% {j{|t }lwcl{ fe Kl|o% l{ klfedl}t nkanlb#leu l{ |e|t t}fwf{|tlwf{%³

\ef{lt 9 f { |ef {lt fe xfw{|l% l}% 7% > !D]T% ;<& 9 F}tn lt{% of H|bdj% ~|nl

*wnbwlt {bbjt" d|o ~|fg|t jbfo k|bdlt dn}flgnt dfgjt% anbIf{nwl hndf. |w||t ojw{t

fe kjoj% F{ djeijfet% l}% 3% F !D]T% >=<& 9 Eno tl f}tno eje }j{lt{ elcnwl%

eld lefo fe tl kfxftn lt{% Ejxf. }j{f|t fe tl kfxftn djefbbeclwl 9 djef|edBn kfxfklwl

eltdff% Nbtj !fgfk& 9 Tjbn ~|f}}l lt{ ~|nl %%% djbbfcn{% tjbfkn{% l{ djetlwxl{ |gf/

d|e~|l tlw|nwf djcejtdf{|w fe xfed|bj }ndft% [aft ft Ffbpl {al sjw` jh bjxl fe {al

[wfef{v9 l}% 3% > !D]T% >=3& 9 DanwfBnt f}tl Kl|t lt{% ]nq ejt*wn% Dawftb|t% ~|f

hldf{ |{wn~|l |e|o% Fe {wfef{n*l |efBnt onqfol djooleknb|w% / L}% >>% ; !D]T%

>1<& 9 ^|fk xlwj fe t|oon l{ glnbn fbFn [wfefBnbl t|oono lB felhhngfblo fbbno%

djetlwxl{ |ef{n9lo% eftf danwf*nt: %%% ~|nl [wfwfffnflwe fe |efbnBl ~|jdbknoojkj

djafgl{% l{ djbbfcn{ fe xfed|bj }nd"t% Dh% l}% <4 !D]T% 4<4& 9 [wfg|t {#wcj fe

djw}jwfg|t |e|o ejt lttl ejjlwffft% eje }nwf tned9f{nBl% %% tlk lnklo xjb|e{n*l

l{ t|oon djedjwkfn nefojw|o% D|w lefo |ef{nblo aned fe{lw kfxlwtjt eje

hndfn{ djo}ncj danwf{n{ft fe |ej t}fb#f{|% tf dnwenfft dj}|bn lhffdf{ |{ tfe{ kws

fe dnwel |en: °

Dh% nbtj cb|{fej 9 l}% >;7% 7 !]B >17% 768 g&% wlHlwledl {j btj9 ;>% 30 l}%

7p08% 7 !]B >17% ;3> d& 9 %%% d|f|t nefonl oln nkanltf{ cb|bfej ~|jk eje

kftt{jjg||w" l{ °fed|fj" ~|jk eje kfw|o}lb|w% Cjk ft {al nkalt{xl hjwdl {a|{

ejs tl}nwn{lt g|{ sfbb |efbl fe alnxle% l}% 47; !]B >17% #<4= g& 9 Cb|*febbo lw{b

{je{el djei|ed{fjeft% ~|f dj|tn e|ed lt{ {je|bbdl tl}nwn{fjeft% % %% / l}% 4+43!]B >17% <6b gl& 9 #' djecb|Bfen{n lt{ nefon oln nefonl xlt*wnl 9 %%% Nbtj l}%

8< !D]T% 46>& 9 ej{afec DWe tl}nwn{l {ajtl ~|jt |e |t t}fwf{|t bIlcl#n*% |en

danwf{nt bfcn{% / L}% 4<3 !]B >17% <<1 k& 9 #' ne{ono }n|}lwft% danwf*n{ft

elqfg|t nkanlwle{lo {fgf‧%%% / l}% >;4% 4 !]B >17% 4== n& 9 F}tn Pdanwb{nt_

xjt ofaf fetl}nwngfbf{lw 0|ecn{‧%%%

On`lt jel9 l}% <4 !D]T% 4<>& 9 #' ~|f nofdf{fnl xfo e|o~|no uletf{% ~|f

xfw{|{lo danwf{n{ft fcejwn{% ~|f eje dwlkf{ o|b{f{|kfeft dwlkle{f|o P|ftll djw

|e|o% l{ nefono |eno% Fh f{ tl}nwn{lt fe {fol% f{ |ef{lt hjwlxlw 9 l}% 47 #< !]B

>17% <4= g&% L}% >>>" 4 !]B >17%7<< d& 9 #' ~|f lf|t nojwl ajd ojkfdj {lo}jwl

k% T{% Glwenwk#t Djedl}{fje j h Hwflektaf}

[al ojt{ fo}jw{ne{ nt}ld{t jh T{% Glwenwk#t djedl}{ jh hwflektaf}

tllo {j gl f{t jwfcfe nek lek% Cjk0 f{t }bndl fe {al jwklw jh bjxl0 f{t

en{|wl nt |efje% nt foncl% nt }wltledl% nt lq}lwfledl% /ne lq}lwfledl

{an{ ft tsll{" fe{letl" bf`l hfwl% / nek nt lxlwbnt{fec% San{ al tnvt ngj|{

hfklbf{v nek {al o|{|nb jgbfcn{fjet jh hwflekt ft hjw {al ojt{ }nw{ dje/

xle{fjenb nek ellk ej{% {alwlhjwl% gl {wln{lk alwl%

f% Bjxl fe Hwf%lektaf} nt Hwll

Ojt{ danwnd{lwft{fd jh Glwenwk#t {aj|ca{ ft# {an{ bjxl ft hwll% Hjw

bjxl ft Cjk% nek {al hwll cfh{ jh Cjk 9 Bjxl cfxlt bjxl% {al T|gt{nedl

!bfxlt {al nddfkle{% Hjw {al cfxlw ft {al T|gt{nedl0 {al cfh{% n ~|nbf{v%

Cjk èjst nbb j|w nhhld{fjet% nek j|w cjjk nhhld{fjet nwl hwjo afo 9

Gv Cjk#t cfh{% Glwenwk bjxlt Sfbbfno jh Tnfe{/[aflwwv0 hjw nbb wlnb bjxl

ft n kfxfel gj|e{v nek f{ ft }wj}{lw Kl|o {an{ lnda bjxlt {al j{alw !>=&%

dwg fexfdlo tl}nwno|w% fe jb{j tnld|bj tfo|b hlbfdf l{ fetl}nwngfbf tjdfl{n{l% fe

lf|t nojwl bIfbIno|t%%% / L}% 3% >8 !D]T% >;3& 9 ^|jojkj lefo t{ngfbf{n{ft

}wnlxnwfdjw xj{|o% ~|f |enefof{n{ft eje w|o}j xfed|b|o% }nkt ifwonoleh{bo

eje kltlwj:

]nq 9 l}% 7% F !D]T% ;4/;<& 9 F}tn lt{ ~|nl% ajofe|o on{lw l{ Nbbclbjw|o%

!D]T% >=3&% [j jglv danwf{nt olnet 9 %%% tlwxjekj wof{j{lo fe xfed|bj }ndft %%%%

eje tjb|o ~|nl fe {lwwft% tlk l{fno ~|nl fe dnlbj t|e{ }ndfhfdnxf.% Dh% l}% 3%

!D]T% >=3&% [j jglv danwf{nt olnet9 tDF#b#{odbj |ef{nblo fe xfed|bj }ndft"

l}% 3% >; !l}t % >;<&%

Wl~|flt 9 l}% 6=% > !D]T% <86& Eno ~njt nono|t% fe f}tft }wjhld{j

bl~|fltdfobbt0 n ~|fg|t n|{lo nono|w% f}tft fe ejgft wl~|flo }nwno|t% ]jwwj

nonwl fe Klj danwf{n{lo anglwl lt{ %%% dw % l}% >>;% ; !]B >17% 4=7 W & 9 %% %

fe ~|j t}fwf{|t ol|t wl~|fltdff"

Tlwxfdl 9 l}% 6=% > !D]T% <86& ]jwwj nonwl fe Knj% danwf{n{lo anglo

!#t{ 9 t{|klwl xlwn }wj}{lw Kl|o nonwf% danwf{n{f tlwxfwl dt{%

Ellk9 l}% 788 !]B >17% ;3> l / ;37 n& 9 ^|no~|no }n{let lt{ Kl|t Fl

nka|d ejgft kjenwl wj~je{fbett" tlwxnwl fekfcle{fg|t 9 %%%

!>1& L}% 733 !]B >17% ;14 n& 9 Klj|jw t|o dbfcen{fjef li|t" }lw ~|no

kfce|t angf{|t t|o ntt|of fe flb cwn*fnl% Tlk klgf{j f}tn ngtjbxf{ cwn{fn% ~|fn

eldlttf{nt fe xjb|e{n{lo {wnetf{% Ino l t {wnetbn{lt {aft 9 Fno tj o|dafe aft klg{ hjw {al hnxj|w jh aft hwflektaf}% G|{ aft hnxj|w nd~|f{t ol jh {al

klg{% hjw san{ snt n k|{v ant gldjol n }blnt|wl% ° [aft eldlttf{nt onv olne

olwlbv {al ojwnb jgbf!>n{fje jh wl}nvfec glelhf{t%

!>6& Ll% FF% ; fd{°% >1<& 9 Kfdf{|w lwcj wld{l das³f{nt lb Kl|t n{ Klf

kje|o% FFDb~el Danwf{nt kn{% danwf{n{lo% t|gt{ne*f|| nddfkle{jblo" \gf kne{lo

tfcefhfdn{% ejole lt{ t|gt{ne{fnl9 |gfkje|o% ~|nbf{n{ft Anld lt{ blq nl{lwee%

dwln{wfq l{ c|glwen{wfq/ |efxlwtf{n{ft% / L}% 1= !l}t % ;<6& %%%% gjejw|o Pnh/

hld{||oI foofttjw %%% / L}% 1<% 7 !D]T% <>6& 9 ~|jk lbfbfcno f\|o lq kjen {|j

l{ t|j olwf{j ‧%%% / L}% >7= !]B >17% 78< g& 9 ^|j{flt lefo fe djwkl djojbf%



7= N% HFT@L T[% GLWENWK NEK HWFLEKTAF] 7>

[al T}fwf{% {ale% kxlt nhhld{fje nek on`lt Afotlbh bjxlk0 {al Tefwf{

gfekt ole {jcl{alw nbtj% fe ne l{lwenb tjdfl{v nek t}fwf{|nb bjs#% [al

T}fwf{ jh [w|{a ft sf{eltt {j {al tfedlwf{v jh {al bjxl safda {al tnol

T}fwf{ }j|wt j|{ fe j|w alnw{t% n t}fwf{|nb feh|tfje jh o|{|nb bjxl safda

t|w}nttlt sjwkt% [al T}fwf{ ft {al hfeclw sf{a safda Cjk swf{lt >=R#l jh

jel#t hwflek fe {al alnw{%

Bjxl% hfwt{% ft jh {al hblta nek jh eldlttf{v% g|{ fh {aft bjxl gl wfca{bv

kfwld{lk% cwndl sfbb c|fkl f{t ntdle{ |e{fb f{ ft djet|oon{lk fe {al T}fwf{

nek fe hwllkjo

[j gl bjxlk hjw san{ al ft ej{% ft xlwv kft{wlttfec {j Glwenwk nt {j

Netlbo% hjw t|da bjxl ft ej{ hj|eklk je {w|{a% Hl glct aft hwflekt {j al/

bflxl afo% al ft {al jebv n|{ajwf{v je aft jse xfw{|l 9

Fekllk F |we ajejwlk gv {al danwf{x {an{ glf#lx't nbb {aieuc% u

g|{ I no lognwwnttlk gldn|tl jh [w|{a safwa Fojst nbb {afec#T% Fsne{vj| {j glbflxl ol fe san{ djedlwet ovtlbh wn{ alw {ane nej{alw saj

tllt jebv {al lq{lwfjw hndl% Ej jel èjst san{ ft sf{afe n one tnxl

{al t/ffwf{ jh {al one {an{ ft sf{afe afo% F % {lbb vj| {an{ Ft}ln` jh

ovtlbh ej{ hwjo nev c/\h#TTsjw` g|{ Fwjw/f lq jlwledl 9 F no ej{ san{

Fo {aj|c/a{ {j gl jw tnfk {j gl% Nek f}kllk Fnv {aft sf{a nbb tld|wf{v

hjw F lq}lwfledl f{ sf{a ngtjb|{l dlw{nfe{v%

G|{ gldn|tl sl nwl dnwenb nek gjwe jh dnwenb djed|}ftdledl% f{

ft eldlttnwv {an{ j|w kltfwl jw bjxl taj|bk glcfe sf{a {al hblta 9 nek

fh f{ ft c|fklk fe wfca{ jwklw% F{'k gv c/wndl f{ s#FF }wjcwltt gv wflc/wllt

{fbb n{ blec{a f{ ft djet|oon{lk gv {al T}fwf{ !7=&%

Vl{ Glwenwk tllot {j t}ln` }nwnkjqfdnbbx jh {aft wfh{ jh Cjk 9 f{ ft

hwll ° fe {an{ f{ ant ej eldlttf{n{fec# dn|tl% xl{ nbtj xfw{|l% olwf{%

cjjkeltt% bjxl f{tlbh% nwl dn|tlt jh bjxl% Al bjxlt f>ft hwflek fe {al Bjwk%

tlwxlt afo% ajejwt afo fe Dawft{ sajtl ologlw al ft% nek bjj`t hjw w.jjk

wl}jw{t djedlwefec n hwflek#t bfhl nek djek|d{% Nt Netlbo t}j`l jh {al

hfwl jh bjxl gwln{afec tj|bt {jcl{alw fe{j w/e f{x% tj Glwenwk tln`t jh {'d

ojt{ tsll{ hwncwnedl jh ajbfeltt nbtj gwln{afec hwflekt {jcl{alw% Al

afotlbh lq}ld{t {j gl bjxlk jebv fh al kjlt ej{ jhhlek Cjk% nek ft {w|bx

jel jh {al tlwxne{t jh {al Ojt{ Afca% Al bjxlk n xj|{a hjw aft gln|{v

nek bjxngbleltt% nek lt}ldfnbbv hjw n dlw{nfe }wltle{fole{ al ank jh

n t{fbb cwln{lw gln|{v {an{ sj|bk djol sale% bjxlk gv {al alnxlebv Gwfkl/cwjjo% al sj|bk gl nbb gln|{fh|b !7>&%

[j bjxl san{ kjlt ej{ lqft{ ft {j gl kldlfxlk% [aft ft }jttfgbl tfedl

sl nwl lqfblt hwjo Afo saj t|}wlolbv ft% F{ ft ej{ Glwenwk afoulFh% {ale%

g|{ tjol{afeww fet{lnk% safda ft ej{ al% nek {aft dne al jebv ej{afeceltt%

[al bjxl nek {al bjxlw lqft{% g|{ san{ ft bjxlk ft ej{afec#% F{ ft {j gl

onwxlbblk n{% g|{ t{fbb ojwl {j gl cwflxlk n{% / {an{ san{ ft ej{a{eww dne

gl bjxlk% ° Al glct aft hwflekt ej{ {j bjxl tj wntabv9 sale {alv èjs

afo gl{{lw% {alv sfbb anxl {j gb|ta n{ {alfw jse oft{n`l jw n{ {al

|tlbltteltt jh {alfw hwflek% wlnbfylk n{ bnt{% [j gl bjxdk ft n xlwv tsll{

d|}% g|{ al knwlt ej{ kwfe` jh f{% hjw al tllt fe afotlbh ej{afec {j olwf{

bjxl% [j sne{ {j gl bjxlk ojwl {ane ft i|t{% ft {j gl bltt {ane i|t{ !9.7&%

/u /%/u%/

|af~|l jkjw t|nxfttfo|t hnojtfttfonl tned{f{nbft% / L}% 73> !]B >17% ;3< a& 9

Ol ~|j~|l kfbfcf n hIjaft eje k|af{j% tlk }wj}bDb# Kl|o 9 ~|lo tf jHwleklb#j%

eje lwf{ ~|jk ol kfbfclwl kdaln{ft% d|o ino eje h|lwf. fe dn|tn Kl|t% //;

L}% ;=6 !]B >17% 291> n& 9 %%% l{ ajd fklj% ~|fn |e|o kl tlw|ft Nb{fttfof ol

lttl dwlkf{ {|n b&lefeef{nt%

!77& L}" 4; !l } t % 714& 9 ^|no eje feolwf{j F"|f fnok|k|o eje olkfjdwf

P|lwno% nhhld{ |t |ojwd" e|ed n}}nwl{% kfbld{fttfol Kwjcj% L{ nebl ~|fklo {j{eo

}|bdaw|o" {jb|o lwj{ nonafbl ~|jk dlwelgdwft 0 tlk lcj eltdfj 2P|`b nbf|k kl Fl

t|}wn {k ~|jk xfklano n|{ n|kflano lq {l %% }wn}t}et}wno% Eee~efk hjw{l

lnlblt{ft T}jetf ‧%%% fno {|ed xjdlo n|kflwnt !b.dle{ft nk }|kfdfttfono {|w*|wlo

t||o" ne fono {|no 9 [nbn }|bdawn lt{%%%% °% / L} % >>% >= !D]T% 7=>/7=4& 9

Cwn*|bjw ~|fklo kl danwf*nbl% ~|nl joefn dwlkf{ °0 tbbk ljeh|ekjw }wj Xlwf{n{l%

~|nl joefn ej|f{% Xjbn xnt ofaf dwlklwl kl ol onc³ft~|no nf{lwf% ~|f {ne{[bo

kkl{ fe hndfl% Eloj ~|f}}l tdf{ ~|nl t|e{ fe ajofel% eftf t}fwf{|t ajofeft ~|f

fe lj lt{% KflK xjaft lcj ~|f kl ol bj~|Jb# eje lq djefld{|wn" tlk lq

tleble{fn 9 Eje t|o bnbft ~|nbft }|{jw xlb kfljw% |jk ~|fkno bno he{ljw" ~|eo

llw{|t lq}lwfjw 9 %%% / L}% >1% 7 !l }t % 77>& 9 Lq and lwcj dnldf{n{l kltdlekf{%~|jk }blw|o~|l" }wj lj ~|jk lt{% nono|t xlb n}}wjaj%o|t ~|jk eje lt{ 9

~|jefno k|o t|o|t fe ajd djw}jwl% }lwlcwfeno|w na lj ~|f t|ool lt{% /

L}% >1% > !l } t % 7>6& 9 ]|kl{ efofw|o cwnekf*lw lqt|b{nwl% d|o tle{fj fe ol

w9lelwnwf xlb kfbfcf% eje ~|fklo ~|jk t|o% tlk ~|jk }|bjw% El~s" lefo lcj

{|ed kfbf~jw% ~|nekj tfd lbfbfcjw 9 tlk eltdfj ~|fk fe ol }wj ol% ~|jk eje t|o

lcj% Foj |{ xlwf|t Fj~|nw" eje eltdfj 9 eno dlw{fttfol td{j ~|jk efafb% Efafb

lefo }wjd|b k|afj lt{% ~|fk~|fk }|{n{|w l{ eje lt{% ]jwwj d|o |o|b|w ~|jk

eje lt{ tlk lttl }|{n{|w% eje nojw xlb nonet efafb lt{% tlk ~|jk nonh|w%

Ofwnek|o% tlk oncft kjblek|o '% ~|jk fk ~|jk efafb lt{% nonwf }j{lt{% /

{lwwleft kfcef{n{fg|t nb{j% |\n xlb ofefon tdfe{fbb|bn djlblt*ft nojwft nddletn

xfklb|w% dff|fe|o tfel k|gfj lt{ o|e|t% eje ajofeft xfw*nt% / L}" >=#& !l }t %297</!73& 9 Anel hnofdf{fno_ bfaf% {l eltdfle{l% djo}nwnb#fF eje dnwj l{ tnee|f4%

tlk t}fwf{|t Klf% ~|f Sfbblbo|o hwn{wlo {||o nl*lon ejgft tjdfl{n*l l* t}fwf{|nb.

danwf{n.l klxfeqf* ‧%%% / L}% 73> !]B >17% ;3< g& 9 Ol ~|j~|l kfbfnf n F#jgft

eje k|af{j% tlk }wj}{lw Kl|o 9 %%%

!7=& L}% >=3% 1 !]B >17% 7;8 k& 9 T}fwf{|t nAfdf{ l* hndfb nonwf% / L}%

4!<7 !]B >17% <84 n/g& 9 %%% {lt{fojef|o }lwafal{ T}fwf{|t x}/wf{n{ft% ~wwno

tfedlwl l{ kfbfcno|t xnt l{ kfbfcno|w n xjg{t" {\l% fe~|no% T}fwf{|t% }D#w~|lo

j{ kfhh|ekf{|w danwf{nt ft{n fe djwkfg|t ejt{wft% / L}% >;7% 4 !]B >17% 761 g& 9 Eje}nblt{ kfdf |lwgj" ~|jk kl o|{|n danwf*n{l fehlw ejt l{ xjt t}fwf{|nbft feh|t{j

ofwnafbfblw j}lwn{|w% / L}% >>8 !]B >17% 7= n& 9 =tf blclwl }jttlt fe djwkl

olj% ~|jk f(f kl nojwl {|j" t|j kfcf{j Kl|t tdwfglwl wbfcen{|t lt{. / L}% >>%

1 !l}t % >6<&% Xlw|o{nole% ~|fn lnwenblt t|o|t l{ kl dnoft djed|}ftdle{fnentdfo|w% eldlttl lt{ d|}fkf|q xlb nojw ejtflw n dnwel fedf}fn{ 9 ~|nl tf wld{j

jwkfel kfwfcfb|f#% ~|fa|tkno t|ft cwnkfa|t k|dl cwn{fn }wjhfdflet% t}fwf{| {neklo

ddet|ooegf{|w 9 %%%

!7>& L}% 417% > !]F%% <1< d& 9 Kfbfcno xjt tlo}lw% Pwjfwlt danwfttfof% fe

Kjofej% l{ d|o joef nojwl tlwxfno xjgft fe lj% d|f|t tlwxf ltff° 9 foj Dawft{|t%

d|i|t oloawj lt{ft% tlo}lw fe xjaft ajejwnaj% / L}% 48> !]B >17" &87 d& 9

%%% Pl|o_ djoolekj" |{f~|l {ne{j tll|wf|t% ~|do{j tfedlwf|t l{ xf{n l{ ojwlt

ajofeft hfkfttfoft wlbn{jwfg|t kfdbfdf% / L}% 463% > !]B >17% 8=8# n& 9 ]jwwj

jefojt hndfbl fe lnoklo hIlt{wnl hwn{lwe\n*ft |enbbfof{n{lo djehbnbbf{ Pwn~wjet



77 N% HFT@LT[% GLWENWK NEK HWFLEKTAF] 7>

Vl{ n}}nwle{bv dje{wnwv {j ne {aft ft {al {aj|ca{ {an{ bjxl ft hwll u

/ sf{a ej dn|tl g|{ f{tlbh% F{ ft ej{ wlntjengbl °0 f{ ft ej{ }wj}jw{fjen{l{j olwf{t% ° Glwenwk swf{lt {j C|fcj 9

ellkt ej dn|tl tnxl f{tlbh% nek ej wlsnwk% F{t hw|f{ f t f {tlbh% F bjxl gl/

dn|tl Fjxl9 Fjxl {an{ Fonv bjxl%

Fanxl ne lo}{v }bndl fe ol hjw vj|w gwj{alwbv bjxl% g|{ ej olwf{%

]f{v ol% ej{ gldn|tl Fno sjw{av% g|{ gldn|tl Fno ellkv nek }jjw%

Wlntje taj|bk ej{ gl lq}ld{lk salwl nhhld{fje kwnst% Tj }f{v ol% ej{

gldn|tl Fkltlwxl f{ g|{ gldn|tl Fellk f{" }f{v ej{ n kltlwxfec one%a|{ n bjxfec jel%

Fe {al tnol snv al t}ln`t jh a|one bjxl 9 sajlxlw bjxlt jebv hjw

aft jse cjjk% kjlt ej{ Ijxl dant{lbv san{ al bjxlt% hjw al bjxlt f{ hjw

afotlbh% ej{ hjw f{t jse tn`l !7;&%

Alwl% {ale% Glwenwk% hndfec {al tnol kfbloon nt {an{ jh Netlbo /

bjxl o|t{ gl olwf{lk% vl{ dneej{ gl olwf{lk / tjbxlt f{ av n }wfedf}bl

h|eknole{nb {j aft kjd{wfel 9% {al fkle{fhfdn{fje jh bjxl sf{a hwllk=eb%

Bjxl {a|t ft f{t jse dn|tl0 hwflektaf} ft {j gl kltfwlk hjw f{t jse tn l%Nb{aj|ca Glwenwk kjlt ole{fje ne lek° jh hwflew{taf}0 {al tnb/

xn{fje jh {al hwflekt% f{ onv gl tnfk {an{ {aft ft }nw{ jh {al hwflektaf}

f{tlbh% [awj|ca lnda j{alw% {al bjxl jh Cjk sfbb xftf{ {alo fe ijv jw

fe djo}|ed{fje0 {al jel saj ft gl{{lw° o|t{ kwns {al j{alw nh{lw

afo / {wnal ol% ° Glwenwk |t|nbbv lq}wlttlt {aft nt on fec aft hwflek

an}}v% on`fec afo gblttlk% ° [j bjxl nek {j gl bjxlk gv n hwflek ft {j

gl an}}v nek gblttlk% nbwlnkv% F{ ft n hjwl{nt{l jh alnxle%

Ijv fe alnxle sfbb gl h|bb° fe {al xftfje jh jel nej{alw% [alwl%

{alwl sl tanbb tll lnda j{alw% nek j|w alnw{ tanbb wlijfdl% ° J|w alnw{% °

al tnvt% ej{ alnw{t% ° hjw hwflekt sfbb gl jel alnw{ fe {an{ ojt{ ijvh|b

xftfje jh l{lwenb tjdfl{v% n djw}jwlnb xftfje% {al xlwv aj}l jh safda ft

lxle ejs n klbfca{ nek an}}feltt !7<&%

Ncnfe swf{fec jh nhhld{fje% al cfxlt {al tnol }wfedf}bl 9 Nhhld{fje

kjlt ej{ bjjb! hjw f{t jse nkxne{ncl ejw dne f{ gl djlwdlk gv {al sfbb

ejw t|gild{lk {j F9al wlntje% [alwl ft n eldlttf{v% ne felb|d{ngfbf{v ngj|{

nhhld{fje / lxle fh f{ slwl n tfe {j hllb f{% o|da nt al sj|bk kltfwl {jnxjfk tfe" al dj|bk ej{ alb} hllbfec f{

Fekllk wlntje jw sfbb dne {n`l hwjo nhhld{fje f{t lhhld{" g|{ elxlw

dne f{ {lnw j|{ {al nhhld{fje f{tlbh !74&%

Fe {aft xlwv eldlttf{v ° bflt f{t }nwnkjqfdnb hwllkjo%

Bjxl" {ale" ft tjol{afec cfxle glhjwl glfec olwf{lk" [j bjxl {ajtl

saj bjxl vj| ft" fe n tletl" {j bjxl hjw olwf{% ° hjw {aj|ca f{ onx

kltlwxl ej cwln{ wlsnwk" vl{" ej{ {j bjxl fe wl{|we% sj|bk gl tanolh|b"

lxle dwfofenb% G|{ {an{ bjxl ft ojt{ }|wl glhjwl Cjk nek }blntfec {j ole

safda djolt jebv hwjo {al hnxj|w jh {al cfxlw" ej{ {al olwf{ jh {al wldlfxlw%

Nt Glwenwk tnvt fe aft tlwojet je {al Dne|dFl" ~|j{fec Dfdlwj nbojt{xlwgn{fo9

!7;& L}% 417" > !}B >17" <1< gl& 9 Tlk eld lcj xlwljb# bIdw|o kfdlwh# fe and

}nw{l 9 lcj kfbfcle{lt ol kfYfcj% Tlk eje fe ajd i|t{fhfdn{|t t|o 9 eno d{

L{aefdf ajd Pjdf|ef" Eje o|b*|o bn|lbft angl{% t{ noneblt ol non}lw~ 9 tlk

t. eje nonxlwj" tdlblwj{|t }wj tdlblwl i|kfdngjw% Kfblqf xnt" l{ ne{l olwf{|o9

~|nwl l.fno }jtb olwfb|o eje kfbfclwlo: / L}% 41; !]B >17" <13 g& 9 %%% lj

|*f~|l }|wfjwn n}|k Kl|o" l{ cwn{fjwn n}|k ajofelt" ~|j kl tjbn cwn{fn dbne\t

}wjxlef|e{" }wnlflw olwf{|o nddf}flebft% / Tdwo% Fe Dne{%" 1#4" ; !]B >149"

>>14 g&% Ft Pnojw_ }lw tl shhfdf{" ft }lw tl }bndl{" l{ }wj}{lw td% F}tl olwf{|o"

f}tl }wnlof|o ltb t9gf% Nojw }wnl{lw tl eje wl~|fwff d||t|o" eje hw|d*|o%

H[\db|t lf|t" |t|t li|t" Noj ~bBfn noj0 noj FB{ nolo% / L}% >>" 4 !D]T%9

>1>& 9 Eno ~|f onc#ft" n|{ dlw{l tjb|o kfbfcfb t{w|o" djexfedf{|w eje dnt{l kfbfcdwl

gje|o% ~|jk |bf~|l }wj}{lw tl kfbfcfb" eje }wj}{lw f}t|o% Glwo{wk nbtj t}ln`t jh

glelxjbledl djofec Hwjo glelhfdfn" g|{ {aft ft lf{alw hjw leloflt !Tlwo% kl

kfxl"tft" >7>% ]B >17% 3;4 dk& jw jh }jbf{fdnb hwflektaf}t" !l}% >1>% ]B >17"

4;; nd&%

"#97<& Lk% !i%" 4 uD]T% 44</443& 9 Ncl lwcj tf f{n x|bbft" foj ~|fn tfd

dlwefbft nd klllwefbft" l{ nofdj lq}lkf[l% l{ ojendaj dnexlefwl 9 kn{l" ~\Jb#TJ

j}lwnwe" ~|n*le|t |en |fwf|t~|l xjb|e{nt df{f|t fo}bln{|w" ~|j l{ xjgft FFfkl\dl.

tnbfthfnb nk i|t{f{fno" l{ ofaf nk tnb|{lo nefonl djet||f{|w" / L}% F" > !D]T%

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bfje olw/f{|o% Oftlwlofef olf" eje ~|fn kfce|t" tlk DpAjefnofej}t l{ }n|}lw

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T[% GLWENWK NEK HWFLEKTAF] 7<

7; N% HFT@L

ff% Hwflektaf} nek {al Jwklw j h BjxlAl hfwt{ bjxlt jebv afotlbh0 sale al glcfet {j Ijxl Cjk" f{ ft hjw {al

tsll{eltt al lq}lwfledlt 9

Alwl ft nej{alw }nwnkjq 9 bjxl ft jwklwlk nek vl{ f{ ft nbtj kftw|}{fxl

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jh i|t{fdl% f{ kjlt ej{ nbbjs afo {j klbfglwn{l% {j djet|b{ wlntje% {j t|gof{

{j i|kcole{9 kwfxle gv f{t jse |wcledv% f{ Pojst ej olnt|wl nek jwklw"

jglvt ej wlntje ejw wn{fjenb sfFb!78&%

Nek vl{ f{ ft f{tlbh bns9 {al bns jh Cjk afotlbh 9

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oneelw gfekt {al [wfef{v fe |ef{v nek kwnst f{ {jcl{alw fe {al gjek

jh }lndl !78&%

Fe {al tldjek klcwll al bjxlt Cjk% a|{ hjw aft jse tn`l% ej{ hjw

Cjk%%% gv n dlw{nfe hnofbfnwf{v% èjsblkcl jh Cjk g{&³jst% nek nt F{

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[al hnofbfnw nd~|nfe{nedl sf{a Cjk ft tsll{% ne lq}lwfledl {an{

ft {nt{lk% ° [ale% blk gv {aft% {al tj|b cjlt je {j {al {afwk t{ncl salwl

Cjk ft bjxlk hjw afotlbh 9 Glwenwk kjlt ej{ glbflxl f{ }jttfgbl fe {afu

bfhl {j wlnda {al hj|w{a t{ncl salwl n one bjxlt lxle afotlbh jebv hjwCjk#t tnf2l% Fh nevjel ant lq}lwfledlk f{% bl{ afo t}ln`9 nt hjw Glwenwk"

{j afo f{ tllot fo}jttfgbl !71&%

[al bjxl jh Dawft{ o|t{ gl }|{ glhjwl a|one bjxl% Fe hwflektaf}"

f{ ft bjxl jh tlbh / {aft Ijxl {an{ Glwenwk kjlt ej{ {afe` dne gl }|wlbv

hjw Cjk#t tn`l / {an{ ft {al olnt|wl% Hjw {al cjt}lb tnvt !On{{% 77" 46&

{j bjxl jel#t elfcagj|w nt jeltlbh% Glwenwk ~|j{lt hwjo n gftajw5 9% {aft

N|c|t{fne fe{lw}wl{n{fje 9

F{ ft {al l{lwenb bns {an{ dwln{lt nek cjxlwet {al djtojt% Fe aft bl{{lw

{j C|fcj {al Dnw{a|tfne% Glwenwk dje{wnt{t {aft l{lwenb Ins% cjjk nek

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anxl f{ tnxl gv Aft cfh{ % sf{a {al anwta bnst jh {al tbnxl nek afwlbfec%

[altl {jj nwl onkl gv bjxl% g|{ n bjxl {an{ ft ej{ bjxl jh Cjk% n bjxl

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jh hlnw nek tlbh/fe{lwlt{% nwl ej{ sajFbv swjec#% g|{ nwl {n`le |} gv {al

bns jh bjxl nek {wnethjwolk% [aft ft jh }nw{fd|bnw fe{lwlt{ {j hwflektaf}"

hjw Glwenwk t{n{lt lq}bfdf{bv {an{ {al oj{fxl jh tlbh/fe{lwlt{ gldjolt n

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}wlhlw vj|w tj|b {j vj|w ajkv%

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nt}ld{ jh {aft jwklw% Fe bjxfec% {al clelwnb cjjk o|t{ gl hfwt{ djetfwblwdk9

f{ sj|bk xfjbn{l jwklw fh jel ft }wlhlwwlk {j |ef{v% ° \ef{v djolt glhjwl

nev jel }lwtjenb gjek0 {al djooje }lndl nek djedjwk glhjwl san{

ft }wfxn{l% Tj {jj i|t{ fdl o|t{ cj glhjwl hwflektaf}% djooje tletl alhjwl

nhhld{fje !4= &% [aft ft jh dj|wtl ej{ els0 f{ ft fe Dnttfne% fe Dfdlwj%

////0 !71& L}% >>% 3 !D]T% >6<& 9 Kfbfcf{ f{n~|l fe tld|w|fj cwnk| Kdso% tlk

}wj}{lw tl%%eje }wj}{lw0 f}t|o %%%% ~|nkno %%% Hnofbfuwf{n{l %%% KlbbT {eej{ltdf{"

djetl~|le{lw l{ k|bdltdf{0 l{ tfd cet{n{l ~|no t|nxft lt{ Kjofe|t ‧%%% |{ kfbfcn{

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}wnl}jwflwl" [aft ft swf{{le {j n one nek aft sfhl%

#I% %

!76&L}%

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}fbcwfoncl {j {al Ajbv Bnek% Al kflk fe Glbcf|o {al elq{ vlnw% >>#7#>>% tlk

eje danwf{n{f% tlwxnekj |ef{n{lo fe xfed|bj }ndft" ~|no fbbf ~|f \n jg{lo}lwneu

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tjdfl{n{ft f|d|w|ffttfono% Xbtselo %%% / L}% 7=; !]B bW7% 437 a& 9 Fe{lwfo

xlwn klbld{ngjw l{ bnl{ngjw efafbjofe|t fe aft ~|nl kfd{n t|e{ ofaf% t}lwnet

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ol|o }ble|o tf{%

!78& L}% > !D]T% <& 9 \ekl l{ dje{wn f|kt jwkfelo djcjw wlxjdnwl% bnlt|t"

l|o ~|f ol bnltf{0 %%% Kjbjw ~|f}}l efof|t eje klbfglwn{% eje jlwld|eknf|w"

eje djet|bf{ wn{fjelo% eje ol{|f{ kfcef{n{ft knoe|o0 blcf eje jg{lo}lwn{"

f|kfdfjeje nd~|fltdf{"

ojk|ofcejwn{ l{ jwkfelo% 9 {k joefojkj l{

tjb|oojkj

tn{ncle{l nefoj% ~|j xlb dnwln{" ~|jk tl kjbl{ anglwl0 xlb angln{% ~|j tl kjbl{

dnwlwl% / L}" >7 !D]T% 7=<&% / L}% 3= !D]T% ;7</;73&% / Ll% >>% ; !D]T%

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c|glon{wfq |efxlwtf{n{ft%

!73& L}% >>% ;/8 !D]T" >1>/>64&% Tll l}% >>% 3 !D]T% >64& 9 E|o~|no

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Kl|t n|{lo }wj}{lw tl ³f}t|o%



Kl {wnetbn{fl ennw Olwlbgl`l le kl {lw|c`llw ennw Nqlb%

78 N% HFT@L

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nek no bjxlk av vj| fe n t}ldfnb snv ° !4>&%

!{j gl dje{fe|lk& N% Hft`l%

KL DFT[LWDFLEYLWFEELE NGKFI [LW ANCLE

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nbtj kltfwlk {j le{lw Dbnfwxn|q% nek kfk tj n{ {al lek jh aft bfhl%

Documents

Fiske, St. Bernard of Clairvaux and Friendship, Part 1