FJ Hydraulic Applications

Your Quality

Partner

CREATING LISTENING SUPPORTING INNOVATING SECURING

S E A L I N G S Y S T E m S

FRANCEJOINTGENERALITIES

SEALING SYSTEmS

OUR HYDRAULIC APPLICATIONS

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

mECHANICAL REQUIREmENTS

mANUFACTURING SYNOPSIS

ASSEmBLY RECOmmANDATIONS

Technical manual:Hydraulics seals

The pressures, speeds, temperatures, are given as information only. For all applications, do not hesitate to consult us. The acceptable pressures, speeds, temperatures can evolve according to materials used.

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Faced with tough competition among the big decision-makers of the industrial world, FRANCE JOINT has responded with innovation, research and development, experience in low cost manufacturing, and a consistently high level of quality, thanks to certificates ISO 9001, ISO/TS 16949, and EN 9100.

Today, FRANCE JOINT is working in close collaboration with its clients, meeting challenges head on with success. Automotive, Aeronautics, mobile hydraulics, Food, and Hydraulic-Pneumatic industries... Every solution emerges from a uniquely individual partnership, constantly fostered and renewed. Our prime objective, based on unrivalled quality, is to find the most suitable solutions for ensuring that you will stand out in what has become an extremely competitive domain.

Our position of excellence has led us since the birth of our company to acquire the tools necessary to anticipate and prevent risks and maximize our service; the ultimate objective being of course to help you keep ahead of developments in this more and more technological market.

Since 1981, FRANCE JOINT

SEALING SYSTEmS has been

designing, manufacturing

and distributing seals and

technical rubber parts for its

customers for whom quality

is a determining factor.

Your sealing partner

C O N T R O L I N G | A N T I C I P A T I N G | S E R V I C E | Q U A L I T Y | P R E S T I G E


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Ambitious with customer satisfaction a priority, FRANCE JOINT has thus obtained the most powerful methods (PPAP, AmDEC, value analyses, Audits, mRP, 8D analyses, PDCA, SPC, R&R ...) in order to optimize simultaneously the capacity of machines and processes, operational manpower performances, organizational methods, and finally, product and financial results.

FRANCE JOINT guarantees the best technology and pursues its daily objectives of a Zero defects production, through physico chemical controls (rheometer, spectrometer, durometer...), through dimensional and final aspects (unit controlling equipment, 3D camera ...). This is because the search for competitiveness is as important as the search for continuous improvement.

Therefore, quality for FRANCE JOINT means meeting an automoti-ve customers request, using the best means available and making sure that this concern for improved quality does not translate into a generalized increase in costs. This is our aim and yours: The quality of our products and service at a competitive cost, so that tomorrow, FRANCE JOINT remains now and for always.... your N1 reference.

Several certificates obtained, ISO

9001, ISO/TS16949, and EN9100,

testify to the quality departments

commitment to constant progress

at every level of the company, at all

stages of the realization, particular-

ly where continual improvement is

what has made FRANCE JOINT the

name it is today.

Quality in our core concerns

D E S I G N I N G | L I S T E N I N G | A S S I S T I N G | I N N O V A T I N G | S C U R I N G


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FRANCE JOINTs contributors, who are as much inventors as tech-nicians, get the best of fully automated, state-of-the-art techno-logy that takes them from drawing-board to prototype and finally to assembly line. From writing specifications to putting on a major technical event through testing for validation and compliance, FRANCE JOINT engineering works hand in hand with you to find the best solutions guaranteeing the level of expected performan-ce.

more than 1000 compounds integrating elastomers, PTFE materials, Polyurethane, or even thermoplastics, as many solutions vis-a-vis the new most complex requirements which will put you in pole position today so that we can all be winners tomorrow.

FRANCE JOINT puts in place qualifications in order to examine the behavior of its seals according to various parameters intervening on frictions, pressures, temperatures, speeds, stokes, leakages

Innovation, reliability, safety, mini-

mization of risk: your expectations

are our daily concern. To get from

the idea to the finished product

demands firm managerial control

over a wide range of projects in

addition to expertise in manufac-

turing.

The best technology for your competitiveness



1 - Generalities

General Description

Hydraulic mechanisms, such as hydraulic jacks, are machines that are used in many domains (public engines, agricultural machinery, automobile industry, building etc... Even hydraulic tools using the latest technology cannot work properly unless they have integrated a system of adapted sealing.

The table below illustrates the whole family of hydraulic seals currently used by France Joint.

1 (Organigram) - Family of hydraulic seals

5

Hydraulic seals

Static Application Dynamic Application

(Jack) Rod Part Piston Part O-ring

X-ring

Flat seal

Square sectioned seal

Back up seals

Technical moulded parts

BS seal

Lip seal

Composite seal

Compact seal

Compo compact seals

Guiding seals

Lip seal

Composite seal

Compact seal

Compo compact seals

Guiding seals

Wiper seal Wiper seal



2 - Sealing Systems

General Description

In some activities where the standards are very high, one seal alone cannot respond to the particular needs; that is why France Joint proposes a complete system of seals. All of the seals designed by France Joint for heavy applications on rods, respect the following configuration: a buffer, a secondary seal, a guide seal and a wiper seal.

The buffer is a seal, which sustains limited high pressure of the highest intensity. It must present excellent characteristics such as wear resistance and tear resistance and have the coefficient of limited friction. moreover, the secondary seal must support pressures of a far lower intensity and must also have good wear resistance and tear resistance. As for the guide seal, it must resist to losing its shape under weight and must have a good friction coefficient.

Finally, the wiper seal must fulfil its main function, which is, to stop the intrusion of impurities and keep the lubricating film on the rod in contact.

For heavy piston applications, we will find a single or double effect seal, as well as guide seals.

Handling and Lifting

2 (Scheme) - Handling and Lifting / Sealing System in rod and piston parts

MONTAGE 2 TIGE PISTON MANUTENTION LEVAGE

BECA 006SBECA 512/513BECA 005/007BECA 006S

BECA 316BECA 005/007 BECA 239 BECA 472

MONTAGE 1 TIGE PISTON MANUTENTION LEVAGE

BECA 509 /650BECA 005/007 BECA 005/007BECA 231 BECA 470BECA 005/007

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Agriculture

3 (Scheme) - Agricultural / Sealing system in rod and piston partsMONTAGE 1 TIGE PISTON VERIN AGRICOLE

BECA 005/007BECA 336BECA 231 BECA 470

MONTAGE 2 TIGE PISTON VERIN AGRICOLE

BECA 005/007BECA 336 BECA 336BECA 231 BECA 470BECA 005/007

MONTAGE 3 TIGE PISTON VERIN AGRICOLE

BECA 570/571

BECA 231 BECA 470BECA 005/007

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Construction machinery

4 (Sealing) - Construction machinery / Sealing system / Rod partMONTAGE 1 TP TIGEBECA 316BECA 005/006/007 BECA 325BECA 470/471 BECA 005/006/007

MONTAGE 3 TP TIGE

BECA 316BECA 005/006/007 BECA 239BECA 473 BECA 005/006/007

MONTAGE 2 TP TIGE

BECA 005/006/007 BECA 325BECA 475 BECA 005/006/007BECA 315

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5 (Diagram) - Construction machinery / Sealing System / Piston part

MONTAGE 1 TP PISTON

BECA 006S BECA 005/007BECA 579BECA 005/007 BECA 006S

MONTAGE 3 TP PISTON

BECA 650BECA 005/007 BECA 005/007

MONTAGE 2 TP PISTON

BECA 006S BECA 005/007BECA 512/513BECA 005/007 BECA 006S

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Food Industry

6 (Scheme) - Food Industry / measuring pump sealing system

POMPE DOSEUSE

BECA 889

ALIMENTAIREALIMENTARY

MEASURING PUMP

+ FKM, ALIMENTARY VMQ, EPDM + FKM, ALIMENTARY VMQ, EPDM

7 (Scheme) - Food Industry / Specific PTFE sealing systemBECA 006 PTFE

BECA 006 PTFE

BECA 509 PTFE

BECA 159 PTFE BECA 482 PTFE

EXEMPLE

+ VITON OU SLICONE ALIMENTAIRE


ETANCHEITE ALIMENTAIRE


EPDM

EPDM EPDM

+ FKM, ALIMENTARY VMQ, EPDM + FKM, ALIMENTARY VMQ, EPDM

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General mechanics

8 (Scheme) - General mechanics / Sealing System

2 PORTEURS EN RESINE PHENOLIQUE

2 JOINTS COMPOSITES SE RACLEUR 2 LEVRESPTFE

JOINT COMPOSITE DOUBLE EFFET

VERIN DE STABILISATION

4 PORTEURS EN RESINE PHENOLIQUE

2 JOINTS COMPOSITES SE RACLEUR 2 LEVRESPTFE


AVEC BAGUES DE GUIDAGE EN L

VERIN DE LAMINOIR

PORTEURS PTFE CHARGES

JOINT COMPOSITE SE RACLEUR 2 LEVRESJOINT COMPOSITE DOUBLE EFFETPTFE CHARGE

PORTEURS PTFE CHARGES

DOUBLE EFFECT COMPOSITE SEAL 2 SE COMPOSITE SEALSPTFE WIPER SEAL

4 GUIDING ELEMENTS IN PHENOLICS

DOUBLE EFFECT COMPOSITE SEAL

WITH GUIDING ELEMENTS IN L

2 SE COMPOSITE SEALSPTFE WIPER SEAL

2 GUIDING ELEMENTS IN PHENOLICS

PTFE WIPER SEALSE COMPOSITE SEALDOUBLE EFFECT COMPOSITE SEAL

GUIDING ELEMENTS IN PTFE LOADED GUIDING ELEMENTS IN PTFE LOADED

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9 (Scheme) - General mechanics / Sealing System


VERIN DE PRESSE A DECOUPE RAPIDE

RACLEUR DOUBLE LEVRES PU

JOINT COMPOSITE SIMPLE EFFET

PORTEUR PTFE CHARGE

PORTEUR PTFE CHARGE

PORTEUR PTFE CHARGE

PORTEUR PTFE CHARGE

JOINT COMPOSITE SIMPLE EFFET

VERIN DE PRESSE

CALES DE REGLAGE

MATRICER

GUIDING ELEMENTS IN PTFE LOADED




DOUBLE EFFECT COMPOSITE SEAL

SIMPLE EFFECT COMPOSITE SEAL

SIMPLE EFFECT COMPOSITE SEAL

2 LIPS WIPER SEAL IN PU

ADJUSTING WEDGE

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3 - Our Hydraulic Applications

Our Rod Seals

REFERENCE PROFILS mATERIALS mAXI PRESSURE (BAR)TEmPERATURE

(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 002 NBR - PTFE 500 - 40C +250C 1

BECA 021 NBR - ACETALFKm - PTFE 400- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 2

BECA 022 NBR - ACETALFKm - PTFE 400- 30C + 120C- 30C +225C 2

BECA 150BECA 152BECA 154

PTFE - NBRPTFE - FKm 500

- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5



- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5

BECA 157BECA 158


- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5

BECA 170BECA 179


- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5

BECA 190 NBR - ACETAL 500 - 30C + 120C 0.5

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Our Rod Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 200BECA 201 NBR - ACETAL 700 - 30C + 120C 0.5

BECA 230 NBRFKm 250- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 0.5

BECA 231 POLYURETHANE 400 - 30C + 90C 0.5

BECA 235 NBRFKm 250- 30C - 120C- 30C - 225C 0.5

BECA 239 NBRFKm 350- 30C - 120C- 30C - 225C 0.5

BECA 300 NBR - ACETALFKm - PTFE 275 - 30C + 120C 0.5

BECA 301 NBR - ACETALFKm 350 - 30C + 120C 0.5

BECA 301 - Back up ring

NBR - ACETALFKm 350 - 30C + 120C 0.5


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Our Rod Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 312 POLYURETHANEACETAL 500 - 30C + 90C 0.5



BECA 320 POLYURETHANENBR 400 - 30C + 90C 0.5

BECA 322 POLYURETHANENBR - ACETAL 500 - 30C + 90C 0.5



BECA 340 PTFE - Stainless steel spring 300 - 150C + 225C 2

BECA 349

PTFE - Stainless steel springSilicon over moulding

300 - 150C + 225C 2

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Our Wiper Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 417 NBRFKm WITHOUT- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 2

BECA 460 NBRFKm WITHOUT- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 2

BECA 461 POLYURETHANE WITHOUT - 30C + 90C 2

Our Rod Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 340 Complementary

PTFE - Stainless steel spring 300 - 150C + 225C 2

BECA 349Complementary

PTFE - Stainless steel springSilicon over moulding

300 - 150C + 225C 2

BECA 385 NBRFKm 80 - 30C + 120C 0.5

BECA 640Profil A PA 6.6 - NBR 500 - 30C + 120C 1

BECA 640 Profil B PA 6.6 - NBR 500 - 30C + 120C 1

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Our Wiper Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)


BECA 465BECA 466

POLYURETHANEFKm WITHOUT

- 30C + 90C- 30C + 225C 2



BECA 470BECA 471

NBR - STEELFKm - STEEL WITHOUT

- 30C + 120C- 30C - 225C 2

BECA 472 NBR - STEEL WITHOUT - 30C + 120C 2


BECA 475 POLYURETHANEACIER WITHOUT - 30C + 90C 2

BECA 480 PTFE + NBRPTFE + FKm WITHOUT- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 2

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Our Wiper Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 481 PTFE + NBRPTFE + FKm WITHOUT- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 2

BECA 482BECA 485

PTFE + NBRPTFE + FKm WITHOUT

- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 2

Our Piston Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)



BECA 235 NBRFKm 250- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 1



BECA 337 PTFE + Stainless steel spring 300 - 150C + 225C 2

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Our Piston Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)


PTFE + Stainless steel spring 300 - 150C + 225C 2


PTFE + Stainless steel springSilicon over moulding

300 - 150C + 225C 2


BECA 339Food

PTFE + Stainless steel springSilicon over moulding

300 - 150C + 225C 2


PTFE + NBRPTFE + FKm 500

- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5



- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5

BECA 507BECA 508


- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5


BECA 512BECA 513

POLYURETHANENBR - ACETAL 500 - 30C + 90C 0.5

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Our Piston Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 520BECA 525

POLYURETHANEPOLYESTER

NBR350 - 40C + 100C 1

BECA 530BECA 535

POLYESTERNBR 350 - 40C + 100C 1


BECA 540Food

PTFE + Stainless spring

Silicon over moulding

300 - 150C + 225C 2


PTFE + Stainless steel spring 300 - 150C + 225C 2


Food

PTFE + Stainless steel spring Silicon over moulding

300 - 150C + 225C 2

BECA 550BECA559


- 30C + 120C- 30C + 225C 5



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Our Piston Seals


(C)SPEED (m/sec)

BECA 571 NBR - ACETALFKm - ACETAL 400 - 30C + 120C 0.5

BECA 572 Profil A

POLYURETHANENBR - ACETAL 400 - 30C + 90C 0.5


BECA 580BECA 581

NBRFKm 80 - 30C + 120C 0.75

BECA 650 PA 6.6 - NBR 500 - 30C + 120C 1

BECA 655 PA 6.6 - NBR 500 - 30C + 120C 1

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Our Guiding Elements

BECA 005 Guiding element machined or stripped according to our standards or your housing dimensions (material: cotton weave + phenol resin.Guiding element machined according to your housing dimensions: PTFE loaded or unloaded (Carbon/Graphite, Bronze, Glass, Ekonol, etc.)

BECA 006Guiding element delivered in strip, or machined, according to your dimensions (PTFE 55%BRONZE 5%mOS2).

BECA 007Guiding element loaded or unloaded in acetyl resin (injected or machined).

10 (scheme) - Guiding Element in its Groove

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4 - Physical Characteristics

Friction ratio / Lubricating film

When a hydraulic set is in motion, we can notice different phases of friction while the lubricating film is forming. The thickness of the film, situated between the seal and the sliding side in contact, influences enormously the nature of the friction. Several phases of friction appear as the hydraulic system gains speed.

A first friction having a very strong force, called the adhesive friction (dry friction between the seal and the mechanical part in contact) takes shape at the beginning of the system. When the system accelerates, a lubricating film gradually forms between the seal and the mechanical part in contact, which reduces the friction effect considerably. It is the mixed friction (friction between the seal and the mechanical lubricated part). Finally, the speed continues to accelerate and the friction increases to become viscous (friction between two bodies with hydrodynamic lubrication). The different phases, mentioned previously remain similar for all functions, but to varying degrees for each material used. The diagram below indicates that for a low pressure and speed, it is advisable to opt for PTFE as this reaches the viscous stage more quickly (PE heavy weight molecular is also popular).

11 (Scheme) - Friction / StribeckFrottement : Diagramme de Stribeck

Vitesse en mm/s

Frottement Frottement Frottement d' adhrence mixte visqueux

A= Elastomre

B= PTFE

Elastomre Elastomre Elastomre

Mtal Mtal Mtal

A

B

Co

effic

ien

t d

e fr

ott

emen

t

ou PTFE ou PTFE ou PTFE

Static friction Mixed friction

Speed (mm/sec)

Coeffi

cien

t of f

rict

ion

Elastomeror PTFE

Elastomeror PTFE

Viscous friction

Elastomeror PTFE

A=ElastomerB=PTFE

2 3



This table indicates in a general manner, the various coefficients of friction for each of these materials.

12 (Scheme) - Friction coefficients per materialmaterial At the start (dry) Amid operation (lubricated)

NBR 0.9 0.4AU / EU 0.4 0.2

FKm 0.5 0.25PTFE 0.12 0.05

Pressure

Hydraulic pressure depends on the effort required for the system to work properly. Pressure varies from one sector of activity to another one (special machines: between 8 and 16 mPa, handling and lifting machines: 16 to 25 mPa, hydraulic presses: 16 to 28 mPa, Heavy machinery: 28 to 40 mPa).

Pressure is an important factor, in so far as it permits us to choose the hardness of the seal as well as its shape so that it does the job efficiently. In some sectors of activity, such as the automobile industry, episodic variations in high pressure (more than nominal pressure), can appear (mechanical impact, blow to the ram ) France Joint integrates all these external elements, in order to propose an effective sealing system.

moreover, when there is very little give in terms of the guiding seal in a hydraulic jack, for example, hydrodynamic pressure, still called towing pressure, can be caused. With reduced give between the guiding seal and the rod seal, and at constant speed, extra pressure (sometimes reaching tens of mPa) can happen at the front of the seal causing it to deteriorate.

13 (Scheme) - Friction / Stribeck

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This pressure increasing can be expressed with the following formula :

P = (6 x N x S x L) / (Hs) P is for pressure N is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid S is for speed L is for the length of the guiding seal Hs is for the give or leverage

14 (Scheme) - Hydrodynamic towing pressure

V

L

P1

P1

P

PH

PD

PRESSION DE REMORQUE HYDRODYNAMIQUE

PH= P1-P= 6.N.V.L

F/22

N

P

Hs

Zone de PD

2 5



It is possible to avoid the formation of such towing pressure. Helicoid grooves with a section bigger than the seal, so as to prevent premature deterioration of the seal and some mechanical parts. When using France Joint guide seals, (BECA 005, BECA 006, BECA 007),an opening is already made, thus avoiding any other hydraulic loosening grooves.

15 (Scheme) - metal guiding seal with helicoid grooves

Guidage mtallique avec rainures hlicoidales16 (Scheme) - Synthesised resin guiding seals + throttle with clearance

Guidage en rsine de synthse+coupe sifflet avec jeu2 6



The choice of the material as well as the hardness of France Joint seals is determined by the temperature of all of the applications (temperature of hydraulic fluid, and the temperature of its environment). For a good performance, the ideal temperature is around +30C +60C.

The sealing lip on the friction seals with the mechanical parts can withstand a higher temperature. The usual tem-perature when using hydraulic fluid reaches + 80C with a peak of +100C.

The material of the seal tends to harden when the application required, necessitates very low or even negative tem-peratures, which results in a loss of elasticity and resilience. However, the viscosity of the fluid will increase but will not effect its overall functioning. On the other hand when the temperature is high the material of the seal gains in elasticity as well as the viscosity of the fluid. For temperatures above + 100C, France Joint uses specific materials, such as FKm, or PTFE, or others.

Temperature

In order for the lubricating film to form, speed plays an important role. It varies between 0,5 m/s and 5 m/s for an ideal functioning.

For particularly weak intensity uses, speed can be limited up to 0,05 m/s increasing the friction considerably and lim-iting at the same time the formation of the lubricating film. Such a low speed can cause a phenomenon of juddering or jerky movements, due to a succession of alternate slipping and sticking phases. Its whats known as the Stick Slip effect. France Joint proposes some innovating solutions to limit or indeed avoid the Stick Slip effect, such as PTFE or even more recently, heavy molecular weight, depending on the geometry of very particular seal.

For intense uses, requiring a high and ill adapted speed, leaks can appear if the design does not take these elements into consideration.

Speed

Fluid

Introduction to oils

Fluid holds a very important place in hydraulics.

It favours:- the transmission of power to different organs of work (transmission of energy in the form of pressure )- the lubrication of mechanical parts to limit wear and tear of parts in motion- the protection of the entire hydraulic circuit - the evacuation of heat

The fluid most regularly used is mineral oil. Water would be the ideal hydraulic fluid (low compressibility, not inflam-mable, low cost price) if it didnt pose serious drawbacks (corrosion, lack of lubrication.) for the machines.

There are many fluids used that respond to precise requirements.

We can find :- mineral oils- Synthetic oils- Oils which do, not burn easily (aqueous solutions, synthetic solutions, non aqueous, oil emulsions in water)

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In the automobile industry, added mineral oils will be more often used than certain oils of synthesis, (break fluid, automatic gear box fluid, suspension fluid, steering systems, and hydraulic transmissions. In the industrial sector, we can find pure or added fluids in multiple systems (hydrostatic levers, hydrostatic transmissions, machine controls, gate controls..)

Classification of oils

The standard ISO 6743 4 was introduced to facilitate referencing mineral oils, those difficult to burn, and biodegrad-able oils.

mineral oils

Label Property Application

HH mineral oil without additives This oil does not transmit energy and is rarely used today.

HL Oil + additives, with anti rust and anti corrosive properties, for anti aging.This oil is used for low intensity uses and be-haves well with water.

Hm Oil + additives with anti wear and tear proper-ties to cope with wear and heavy loads. This oil is used for high pressure.

HLPD The same characteristics as Hm with detergent additives on top.This oil is used for high pressure and water admissions.

HR Better viscosity and temperature behaviour than HL.This oil is used in the case of frequent variations in temperature.

HV Better viscosity and temperature behaviour than Hm.This oil is used in the case of frequent variations in temperature and low temperature.

HS Synthetic oil with no particular fire proof prop-erty. Special properties.

HG Additives for improving Hm anti stick propertiesThis oil is used for machines with a lubrication circuit common to hydraulic parts, sliding de-vices, and articulations

HD Additives for anti rust, anti wear and tear, deter-gent This oil is used in mobile hydraulic systems and engines.

2 8



Oils that do not burn easily

Label Temperature Property ApplicationAqueous Fluids

HFAE

+ 5C + 60C

Oil emulsion in water with more than 80% water (95-98% in general) These oils are used in hydraulic

presses and in circuits, where leaks are frequent.

HFASAqueous chemical solution with more than 80% water (95-98% in general)

HFB Water emulsion in oil (~40% water and 60% oil)Today, apart from the UK, this oil is rarely used.

HFC - 30 +60C

Aqueous polymeric solution (polyethylene glycol or poly-propylene glycol )with less than 80% water (~35 to 55% most widely used

This oil is used in industry with a maximum temperature of 60% and average intensity used.

Anhydrous Fluids

HFDR

-30C + 150C

Synthetic fluid with phosphor-ic esters, and no water.

This oil is used for high intensity uses and high temperatures

HFDU Synthetic fluid with specific composition.

HFDS Synthetic fluid with chlorine hydrocarbon, and no water.HFDT mixture of HFDR and HFDS

Biodegradable oils

Label Property ApplicationHETG Vegetable oil This oil is used in agriculture and forestsHEPG Polyglycol This oil is used in water protection

HEEG Synthetic ester This oil is mainly used in building machinery.

Behaviors of oils with elastomer

mineral oils:In a hydraulic system, the choice of a mineral oil is fundamental; in so far, as it must be compatible with the elastomer it is in contact. The aniline point, permitting to measure the approximate compatibility, is the temperature at which a solution composed of aniline and oil goes cloudy when cool. If the aniline point of fluids is low, the elastomer will tend to swell, whereas, on contact, they will harden, contract in the case of a high aniline point.

Tests for analysing the behaviour of oils and elastomer are standardized, and are carried out with 3 referenced oils (ASTm oil N1, ASTm oil N2, and ASTm oil N3) which have aniline points at 124C, 93C, et 69C respectively. It is, however, advised to analyse their compatibility with the fluid, really used, which can be done in a testing laboratory. When the variation of an elastomer does not exceed +/-5% during a 70 hour test at 100C, we can consider that the fluid and the contact material are compatible.

2 9



Compatible Non compatibleAU

NBRFKm

FVmQPTFE

CSm (except for mineral oils not containing additives at 20)

CR (except for oils not containing additives at 20)

EPDmNRSBR

VmQ (except for ASTm N1 oils)

Oils which do not burn easily:

Oils Compatible Non compatibleHFC AU

HFDRFFKmFKmPTFE

HFDU NBRPTFE

Biodegradable oils:

Oils Temperature < 80C Temperature < 100C

HETGAU

NBRHNBR

Un-usable fluid

HEPG

AUNBR

HNBR (also with no esters)FKm (peroxyde)

HNBR (also with no esters)FKm (peroxyde)

HEEG

AUNBR

HNBRFKm (peroxyde)

AUHNBR

FKm (peroxyde)

HEPS

AUNBR

HNBRFKm (peroxyde)

AUHNBR

FKm (peroxyde)

Impurities and air in oil : cause deterioration

In order to improve the longevity of France Joint seals, and optimize the hydraulic circuit, the cleanliness of the fluid is an important parameter. A limited hydraulic filtration will disrupt the mechanism because of the presence of impurities. They can appear in the form of metal and other abrasive, chippings, silica, outdoor dust, rust.. France Joint seals will deteriorate with such impurities. It is therefore indispensable to carry out regular checks and clean the filtration systems. moreover, air in the oil can damage the seal through a micro explosion phenomenon: its the diesel effect

Indeed, hydraulic fluid contains air particles, dissolved in oil (in the absence of purge or introduction during the

3 0



working or the maintenance of the machines) which will compress or connect, as pressure increases, and will tend to escape when the pressure drops. These particles always sit between the seal and the neck space and closest to any cranks formed.

For high intensity uses, such as for heavy machinery, air and oil will reach very high temperatures. The simultaneous compressions and loosening of air contained in the oil will heat at their epicentre, thereby suddenly increasing the temperature, which in turn, provokes ignition; this is the diesel effect. If such a phenomenon is repeated regularly, it will destroy the heel of the seal as well as mechanical and guiding parts by a blow out and burning. It is indispensable to purge the hydraulic systems in order to limit these micro explosions.

Viscosity

Viscosity is the capacity of hydraulic fluid to flow. It is actually the resistance that fluid molecules encounter in order to move by sliding by each other. Today, the term commonly used is fluidity.

The factors, which will influence viscosity, are mainly temperature and pressure. The standard ISO 3448 classes all industrial oils depending on their viscosity, expressed in mm2/s at a temperature reference of +40C. When the tem-perature increases, viscosity tends to diminish. On the contrary, viscosity increases as the temperature drops.

Also, increasingly high pressure will cause viscosity to increase at a constant level. Viscosity follows a slightly expo-nential curve depending on the pressure. We can express this with the formula below :

V=0.003P x VO P is for pressure in mPa (1mPa=10 Bars) VO is for viscosity at atmospheric pressure The viscose index (VI) measures the variation of viscosity with temperature. Oils that have an index of high viscosity will depend less on temperature.

3 1



5 - mechanical Requirements

Surface Roughness

The surface roughness in contact with the sliding of the seal is an important parameter in so far as it influences the longevity and the precision of the system. In order for the seal to do its job on the long term, the surface roughness must be low and the guiding elements must be in good condition.

The values used to express the condition of the surface in um are Rt and Ra. The roughness Rmax is the most com-monly used for the smooth working of a seal, compared to an average value of roughness Ra. If we respect the Rmax value, the seal will not deteriorate prematurely. The Ra value is an arithmetical value of roughness measured on a length lm.

17 (Scheme) - Roughness RaRugosit Ra

Ray

0 x

Ra =

Lm1

Lm 0

y dx

j

j

Lm

18 (Background) - Roughness Rt and Rmax

Rugosit Rt et R max

Rt

x

RmaxLigne de saillies

Ligne des creux

Ligne moyenne

Longueur de base

Line of Projection

Average Line

Line of Hollows

Basic Lane

3 2



The Ra or Rt values are not enough to define the condition of the surface with accuracy. In deed, they only permit us to measure the typology of the surface. The percentage of aerofoil is a determining factor when measuring a surface. The rate of aerofoil Rmr is the relationship between the total length of the contact surface and the total length of the ruggedness at a determinate depth. This variable is expressed in % according to the standard ISO EN 4287 and it must be between 50 and 80%.

19 (Background) - Rate of aerofoil RmrTaux de portance : Rmr

(mm) x100%

Dfinition : pourcentage de matire

une profondeur donne (C)

c

L1 L2 L3 L4 L5

Lm

L1+L2 +L3 +L4 +L5Rmr =Lm

Definition: percentage of matter to a given depth (C)

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The table below represents all the general technical and mechanical parameters intended for hydraulic sealing ap-plications. As these vary, we recommend you contact us for all your applications, in order to adapt the parameter to the application and retained profile. We also advise you to consult our catalogue (Volume l: Hydraulic seals).

20 (Table) - Rod materials CK 45 indeed if better Tolerance f8 Roughness Rmax 2,5 m ; Ra 0,05 0,3 ; Rmr 50 90%

machining

Rolling, Rectification, Anti corrosion protection (hard chromium plating 30 50 m)Heavy loads support (quenching 55 60 HRC, hard chro-mium plating)Finish(polishing, rectification) after obtaining a surface in good condition.

21 (Table) - Cylinder materials St 52 indeed if better Tolerance H8 H11,it depends on the sealing in application Roughness Rmax 2 m ; Ra 0,05 0,3 ; Rmr 50 90% machining Rolling, Running in,

22 (Table) - Groove materials Steel, Cast iron

Tolerance

Diametre of the neck bottom Rod seal H10 Piston seal h10 Piston seal with separate tightening element h9 Guiding rod H8 Guidage de piston h8

RoughnessRmax 6,3 mRecommendations ISO Ra 1,6 m and Rt 6,3 mA rougher neck bottom : Rmax 10 m

machining Turning, Rectification

In order to obtain good corrosion resistance, as well as increasing wear and tear resistances from impact, the rod must under go chromium plating or quenching (60 HRC) and then chromium plating. After the chromium plating, it is necessary to proceed to the finishing step.

The process indicated like running in and rolling cylinders, as well as rectification and inserting piston rod nuts will be appreciated by users and are compatible with current seals.

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Housing

The housing is determined according to the type of seal (standard or specific), the type of housing (normalized, standard or specific) and pressure of the operation.

A seal with a thick profile will withstand high pressures better than a seal with an inferior radial thickness. Indeed, a seal with a small radial section undergoing pre clamping will be less effective than a seal with a large radial section. France Joint has the standard dimensions regularly in stock for this type of profile, currently used in the hydraulic mobile sector, to name one.

There are 2 types of housing (closed and open) Today; a large number of seals are flexible, either manually or with the help of a tool, to make insertion in closed housings easier. It is advisable to use open housings when the diam-eter of the seal is inferior to 6 times its section or when the diameter inside the seal is inferior to 25 mm.

23 (Background) - Type of housings

Closed neck for compact piston seal Closed neck for rod and wiper seals

Closed neck for piston and guiding elements

Semi open neck for seals and closed neck for guiding elements

Closed necks for guiding elements Neck that can be dismantled to facilitate mounting seals

Gorge ferme pour compact de piston

Gorges pour porteurs et joint Gorges semi- ouvertes pour joints et gorge pour porteur central Gorges pour joint et porteur

Logements ouverts dits "dmontables " qui peuvent tre ventuellement rglables pour le montage de garnitures empilage (chevrons)

Logements pour joints sur piston dmontable

Logement pour joint compact sur piston dmontableLogements pour joints sur piston dmontable

Gorges fermes pour joint de tige et racleur Gorge ferme pour compact de piston





Gorges fermes pour joint de tige et racleur
























3 5



23 (Background) - Type of housings

Housing for piston seals that can be dismantled Housing for compact piston seals that can be dismantled

Open neck for wiper seal Necks that can be dismantled to facilitate the mounting of seals
























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Extrusion Clearance

Elements permitting to determine the maximum clearance values are pressure, seal type, and above all the material. In order to know what the authorised clearance is for each seal, please refer to the description of seals in our France Joint catalogues.

The calculation of authorised extrusion clearance takes the elasticity of materials under pressure into account (elastic deformation). Sufficient clearances in the guiding seal, so as not, to be beyond tolerance level. If the extrusion clear-ance is too high, we can see a rapid destruction by extrusion on the seal heel. It is therefore advisable; beyond 250 bars, and beyond 70C, to use back up seals (BECA 008, 011, 012 or other, in our volume lV: Diverse seals).

24 (Scheme) - Extrusion clearance depending on the pressure of the application

JEUX D'EXTRUSION EN FONCTION DU MATRIAU

00

10

20

30

40

50

0.5 1.0 1.5

NBR 70 Sh A

NBR 80 Sh A

NBR 90 Sh A

POLYURTHANE92 Sh A 94 Sh A

JOINT AVEC BAGUE AE

EN POLYAMIDE

JEU EN MMAU RAYON

PRESSION DE FONCTIONNEMENT

(MPa)

ET DE LA PRESSION DE FONCTIONNEMENT

20 C

PRESSURE OF OPERATION

(MPa)

SEAL WITH PA GUIDE

CLEARANCE IN MMWITH A RAY

OF 20

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Stroke

The stroke is the length of an organ on which a sealing system moves in a straight and alternative manner. On an ordinary hydraulic jack, the stroke can range from 0.1m to 1m.

When a stroke is too long, we can observe a premature deterioration of the seal due to over heating of the hydraulic system. moreover, for such strokes, the rod on which the seal is in contact, can meet variations in shape, linked to problems to do with the condition of the surface, burning or other deformation causing a possible destruction of the seal.

For extremely short strokes, rubber based seals can also deteriorate prematurely because of the fact that the lubricat-ing film cannot form; in which case, France Joint can propose original and adapted solutions.

3 8



6 - manufacturing Synopsis

moulding of elastomer by compression

25 (Synopsis) - moulding of elastomer by compression

Reception of raw materials

Shipping

Visual and documentary control

Packaging

SPC control

Curing post

Control by three-dimensional camera (SPC)Visual dimensional control

Finishing tasks (trimming, cutting, etc.)manual process on digital towersAutomated process for large series, Cryogenic process for small series

Equipment programming

Reception of semi finished products

Visual dimensional control (SPC)

Fill closing matter / Compression plates / Vulcanization / Opening plates

Assemble tools on framework

CalenderingCutting by water cutter or extrusion sawing

Check blend

Prepare blend

Check raw materials

Reception Control ShippingPackagingPreparationmanufacturing

3 9



moulding of thermoplastics by injection

26 (Synopsis) - moulding of thermoplastics by injection



Shipping


Packaging

Control by three-dimensional camera (SPC)Visual dimensional control

Finishing tasks (trimming, cutting, etc.)manual process on digital towersAutomated process for large series, Cryogenic process for small series

Equipment programming



Injection of series

Control of first partsValidation of program

Injection of first parts

Injected press programming

material and colour dosage

Check raw materials

4 0



machining of noble materials

27 (Synopsis) - machining of noble materials


Shipping


Packaging

Control by camera (SPC)Visual dimensional control

Finished operations (trimming, cutting, etc)manual process on digital towersAutomated process large seriesCryogenic process small parts

Equipment programing



Control of first partsValidation of program

machining of first parts

mounting of bars on bar holders

Program digital control

Control raw materials

machining of series Pull out parts with hook


4 1



7 - Assembly Recommandations

Generalities

We must make sure that the seals and mechanical parts are clean, with no trace of dust, chippings or anything else, which could present a risk compromising the effectiveness and longevity of the seal. The degree of finish of me-chanical parts is very important and conditions the longevity of the seal. Consequently, it is imperative to guarantee a perfect execution. The assembly of the seals on their necks must be done carefully, so as to avoid passing sharp stop mechanisms, filtered parts etc.

We also recommend you lubricate or grease the seals, rods and cylinder, in order to facilitate this operation. Before assembly, the seal must be soaked in heated oil between 80C and 100C to increase its elasticity.

Assembly principles

28 (Diagram) - Assembly of a polyurethane rod seal with the help of an obturator and a rod

MONTAGE D'UN JOINT DE TIGE POLYURETHANE

29 (Diagram) - Assembly of a flexible rod seal

PRINCIPE DE DEFORMATION D'UN JOINT DE TIGE POUR MONTAGE DANS GORGE

4 2



31 (Background) - mechanical unit for the assembly of composite piston seal (cone and pusher)

30 (Scheme) - mechanical assembly unit of a composite rod seal (cone and pusher)

ENSEMBLE MECANIQUE DE MONTAGE D'UN JOINT COMPOSITE DE TIGE - CONE ET POUSSOIR

ENSEMBLE MECANIQUE DE MONTAGE D'UN JOINT COMPOSITE DE PISTON - CONE ET POUSSOIR

ENSEMBLE MECANIQUE DE MONTAGE D'UN JOINT DE PISTON TYPE U - CONE ET POUSSOIR

5 10

5 10

4 3



32 (Scheme) - Drill bit of composite seals after positioning in its neck

33 (Background) - mechanical unit for the assembly of a type U piston seal

ENSEMBLE MECANIQUE DE MONTAGE D'UN JOINT COMPOSITE DE PISTON - CONE ET POUSSOIR

ENSEMBLE MECANIQUE DE MONTAGE D'UN JOINT DE PISTON TYPE U - CONE ET POUSSOIR

5 10

5 10

MANDRINAGE DU JOINT COMPOSITE APRES POSITIONNEMENT DANS SA GORGE

15

4 4



4 5

HEAD OFFICE AND FACTORYZone Artisanale Le mortier - B.P. 50009 - CUGAND - 85613 mONTAIGU CEDEX - FRANCE Tel. +33 (0)2 51 42 13 76 - Fax +33 (0)2 51 43 61 14Email : [email protected] - Site Web : www.francejoint.com

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