Flashcards for Unit 1

Anything that has mass & occupies space.

MatterMatter

How many fundamental units in the SI system?

77

Physical quantity that must be measured. It cannot be calculated.

Fundamental or Fundamental or Base UnitBase Unit

A unit defined as a combination of fundamental units.

Derived UnitDerived Unit

Unit of Mass

Unit of Time

Unit of Length

Unit of Temperature

Unit of Amount of Substance

Unit of Capacity(Space or Volume)

KilogramKilogram

SecondSecond

MeterMeter

KelvinKelvin

MoleMole

Liter, milliliter, cubic Liter, milliliter, cubic centimetercentimeter

Liter

Metric Unit of Volume: Metric Unit of Volume: 10 cm X 10 cm 10 cm10 cm X 10 cm 10 cm

Derived Unit

? cm3 = 1 Liter

1000 cm1000 cm33 = 1 Liter = 1 Liter

Derived Unit

? milliliter = 1 Liter

1000 mL = 1 Liter1000 mL = 1 Liter

Derived Unit

? milliliter = 1 cm3

1 mL = 1 cm1 mL = 1 cm33

Derived Unit

What is the mass of 1 liter of pure H2O?

1 kilogram1 kilogram

Mass/Mass/Volume Volume relationshiprelationship

What is the volume of 1 kilogram of pure H2O?

1 Liter1 Liter

Mass/Mass/Volume Volume relationshiprelationship

What is the volume of 1 gram of pure H2O?

1 milliliter1 milliliter

Mass/Mass/Volume Volume relationshiprelationship

What is the mass of 1 cm3 of pure H2O?

1 gram1 gram

Mass/Mass/Volume Volume relationshiprelationship

Freezing Point of water in the Kelvin scale.

273 K273 K

Physical Constant

Boiling Point of water in the Kelvin scale.

373 K373 K

Physical Constant

Freezing Point of water in the centigrade scale.

00 C C

Physical Constant

Boiling Point of water in the centigrade scale.

100100 C C

Physical Constant

Ice / water equilibrium

Another name for Another name for freezing point.freezing point.

Steam / water equilibrium

Another name for Another name for boiling point.boiling point.

? cm in 1 meter

100 cm = 1 100 cm = 1 metermeter

Conversion Fact

? mm in 1 meter

1000 mm = 1 1000 mm = 1 metermeter

Conversion Fact

? m in 1 km

1000 m = 1 1000 m = 1 kilometerkilometer

Conversion Fact

? mg in 1 g

1000 mg = 1 1000 mg = 1 gramgram

Conversion Fact

Density

Mass / VolumeMass / Volume

Density

Describes how matter Describes how matter is packed into space.is packed into space.

Units of Density

grams / cmgrams / cm33 for solids for solids

grams / ml for liquidsgrams / ml for liquids

Density

DD

MM

VV

Accuracy

How close a measured How close a measured value is to an accepted value is to an accepted value.value.

Precision

How close a series of How close a series of measurements are to measurements are to one another.one another.

High Precision

Low ScatterLow Scatter

Percent Error

Measured value – Accepted valueMeasured value – Accepted value x 100% x 100%

Table T, reference tables

Accepted valueAccepted value

C to K

Table T, reference tables

K = K = C + 273C + 273

Scientific Notation

The number is written as a The number is written as a product of 2 numbers:product of 2 numbers:

- a number between 1 & - a number between 1 & 1010

- a power of 10 - a power of 10

2 X 10-3

Negative exponent so the Negative exponent so the number is between 0 and 1:number is between 0 and 1:0.0020.002

5 X 102

Positive exponent so the Positive exponent so the number is greater than 1:number is greater than 1:500500

Significant Figures

All known digits plus All known digits plus 1 estimated digit.1 estimated digit.

Report 1 place past the cailbration!Report 1 place past the cailbration!

5400.145 cm

Decimal Present – Pacific Decimal Present – Pacific sidesideStart counting at 1Start counting at 1stst nonzero nonzero ##

7 sig figs

0.0175 g

Decimal Present – Pacific Decimal Present – Pacific sidesideStart counting at 1Start counting at 1stst nonzero nonzero ##

3 sig figs

4855 g

Decimal Absent – Atlantic Decimal Absent – Atlantic sidesideStart counting at 1Start counting at 1stst nonzero nonzero ##

4 sig figs

4000 mm

Decimal Absent – Atlantic Decimal Absent – Atlantic sidesideStart counting at 1Start counting at 1stst nonzero nonzero ##

1 sig fig

Significant Figures: Rule for Addition and Subtraction

Answer has same number of Answer has same number of decimal placesdecimal places as the addend as the addend with the with the leastleast number of number of decimal places.decimal places.

28.0 cm28.0 cm23.538 cm23.538 cm25.68 cm 25.68 cm ++

77.218 cm77.218 cm

But what But what do you do you report?report?

77.2 cm is correct! 77.2 cm is correct!

Significant Figures: Rule for Multiplication & Division

Answer has same number of Answer has same number of significant figuressignificant figures as the factor as the factor with the with the leastleast number of number of significant figures.significant figures.

24 m X 3.26 m = 78.24 m2But what do you report?But what do you report?

78 m78 m22 is correct! is correct!

An aluminum cube has a mass of 4.75 grams. The dimensions of the cube are 1.2 cm X 1.2 cm X 1.2 cm. What is the density of the cube?

a)a) 2.749 g/cm2.749 g/cm33

b)b) 2.75 g/cm2.75 g/cm33

““Volume” = 1.728 cmVolume” = 1.728 cm33

c) 2.7 g/cmc) 2.7 g/cm33

d) 0.36 cmd) 0.36 cm33/g/g

3 sig figs3 sig figs

2 sf2 sf

A solution contains 43.875 grams of NaCl dissolved in 1. Liter of H2O. What is the molarity expressed to the correct sig figs?

58.5 grams of NaCl = 1 mole. 58.5 grams of NaCl = 1 mole. Calculated from P.T.Calculated from P.T.

43.875 g 1 mole = 0.75 moles 43.875 g 1 mole = 0.75 moles 58.5 grams 58.5 grams

0.75 moles/1. Liter = 0.75 M 0.75 moles/1. Liter = 0.75 M 0.8 M0.8 M

5 sig figs5 sig figs1 sig fig1 sig fig

Data Table

2 columns plus title2 columns plus title

independent variable – controlled by independent variable – controlled by scientist (column 1)scientist (column 1)

dependent variable – measured dependent variable – measured variable (column 2)variable (column 2)

Graph

2 axes plus title2 axes plus title

independent variable – controlled by independent variable – controlled by scientist (column 1) – GOES on X-AXISscientist (column 1) – GOES on X-AXIS

dependent variable – measured dependent variable – measured variable (column 2) – GOES on Y-AXISvariable (column 2) – GOES on Y-AXIS

Linear Relationship X-axisX-axis

Y-a

xis

Y-a

xis

Y = mX + bY = mX + b

Direct Relationship X-axisX-axis

Y-a

xis

Y-a

xis

Y = mXY = mX

Inverse Relationship X-axisX-axis

Y-a

xis

Y-a

xis

XY = k where XY = k where k is a constantk is a constant

Graph of a ConstantX-axisX-axis

Y-a

xis

Y-a

xis