WHAT’S THE MATTER?!?

(get it? What’s the matter?)

I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER

A. Matter1. Anything that has mass and

occupies space2. Anything with inertia3. Two kinds of Matter

a. Mixturesvariable composition

b. Substancesconstant composition

SUMMARY

I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER

B. Substances1. Have constant composition2. Cannot be broken down or

separated by physical processes

I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER

B.Substances3. Two kinds of Substances

a.Elementssubstances that are

made up of only 1 type of atom

Examplesgold, silver,carbon, oxygen, copper, hydrogen, sulfur

B. SUBSTANCES

3. Two kinds of Substancesb. Compounds

are substances that are made up of more than one type of atom. 

Examples:water, table saltsodium bicarbonate,carbon dioxide, sugar

                  

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I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER

C. Mixtures1. Two or more substances

physically combined2. Composition varies from

sample to sample3. Examples

Dirt, salt water, tea, jelly

C. MIXTURES4. Two kinds of Mixtures

a. HomogeneousAlso called a

solution

– A mixture with only one phase– Materials are evenly spread out– Examples:

salt water, toothpaste, air, bronze, brass

C. MIXTURES4. Two kinds of Mixtures

b. HeterogeneousThe individual

components can be easily distinguished

ExamplesPizza,

salad, concrete,

nachos, tacos

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II. STATES

OF MATTER

II.   STATES OF MATTER

A. Kinetic Theory of Matter

1. Matter exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.

2. Tiny particles (atoms) in constant motion make up all matter.

Gas Liquid Solid

II.   STATES OF MATTERB. Solids

1. Mc tightly packed - can’t be compressed

2. Definite shape & volume

3. Least kinetic energy - mc only vibrating

II.   STATES OF MATTERC. Liquids

1. Mc less tightly packed than solids

2. Indefinite shape (mc flow past each

other)3. Definite volume4. More kinetic energy

than solids

Liquid

Solid

II.   STATES OF MATTER

D. Gases1. Mc spread out.

2. Indefinite shape and

volume3. More kinetic energy than

solids and liquids

Gas Liquid Solid

E.   PLASMA

1. Hot ionized gas particles

2. Particles are electrically charged

II.   STATES OF MATTER

E.   PLASMA

3. Exists only at very high temp.

4. Most kinetic energy

II.   STATES OF MATTER

II.   STATES OF MATTERE. Plasma

5.The most common state of matter in the universe!– Not found naturally

on earth.– Found in stars, the

sun, inside fluorescent bulbs

A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

b. Some can be measured and some are the same no matter how much of the substance you have

1.Characteristics of matter that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIESWe will use two terms to categorize these properties: extrinsic and intrinsic Extrinsic properties rely on how much of the substance you have and is a property that can be measured:

Length, mass, volume, or temperature

Intrinsic properties are true no matter how much of the substance you have:boiling pt., melting pt., color, density

HOW TO CALCULATE DENSITY Density is a calculation of how much

mass a substance has per unit of volume.

D = m/v“m” is for mass (usually in grams or “g”)“v” is for volume (usually in milliliters or

“ml”) “D” is for density (in g/ml if the units above

are used)

For example, 10 ml of water has a mass of 10 grams, meaning water has a density of 1g/ml.

Attraction to a

magnet,

buoyancy, viscosity

A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES1.Other intrinsic properties include thebehavior of the substance such as…

A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2. Physical properties can be used to separate a mixture

Sand SaltPebblesIron filingsBeans

A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

2. Physical properties can be used to separate a mixture

Sand SaltPebblesIron filingsBeans

B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES1.Describe how a substance

reacts or fails to react when brought in contact with another substance

2.Example: burns, flammability, explodes, bubbles

SELF TEST: TRUE/FALSE1. Odor is a chemical property.2. Boiling points are physical

properties.3. Melting is a chemical

property4. The ability of wood to float

is a physical property.5. The fact that paper burns is

a chemical property.

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C. PHYSICAL CHANGE

Changes which do not change the identity of the substance(s)

MeltingDissolvingTearingCuttingFreezingBoiling

III. Describing Matter

D.   CHANGES IN STATE

1. Thermal Expansiona. Almost all matter

expands as it gets hot and contracts as it cools Name an exception.

b. Different materials expand at different rates.

D.   CHANGES IN STATE2. Melting

a. the change from a solid to a liquid

b. Melting pt. – temp. at which a solid becomes a liquid

D.   CHANGES IN STATE

3. Freezing the change from

a liquid to a solidnote:

freezing pt. = melting pt.

D.   CHANGES IN STATE

4. Vaporizationa. the

change from a liquid to a gas

D.   CHANGES IN STATE

4. Vaporizationa. Boiling

– rapid; gas bubbles form throughout the

liquid

Boiling pt. temp. at which a liquid becomes a gas

D.   CHANGES IN STATE

4. Vaporizationa. Evaporation

liquid changes to a gas at temperatures below the boiling point

• SlowOccurs at the surface

D.   CHANGES IN STATE

5. Condensationchange from a gas to a liquid Note:Boiling pt. = Condensation pt.

D.   CHANGES IN STATE

6. Sublimation A solid becomes a gas

without first becoming a liquid

Example: Dry Ice

E. CHEMICAL CHANGE

1. Changes which alter the identity of the substance

2. Occur during a chemical reaction3. Evidences of a chemical change:

a. Production of light, heat, soundb. Absorption of heat (container

gets cold)c. New color, new odor

E. CHEMICAL CHANGE

3. Evidences of a chemical change:d. New color, new odore. Appearance of a new substance

Gas: effervescence )

Solid: precipitate

SELF TEST: TRUE/FALSE

1. Paper burning is a chemical change.

2. Salt dissolving in water is a chemical change.

3. Ice melting is a chemical change

4. Wood burning is a chemical change

5. Fruit rotting is a chemical change.

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